09年大学英语四级满分听力全攻略
第一章 概述
1. 新大纲对听力理解的要求
1999年《大学英语教学大纲》对四级听力的具体要求是能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂
题
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材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上无生词、语速为每分钟130-150个单词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。听力试题一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率应不低于70,。
在改革开放日益深化的新世纪之初，大学生用英语通过“听”来获取信息并通过“说”来表达思想以参与国际交流的机会越来越多。也就是说，新的社会需求对大学生的英语能力提出了更高的要求，即不仅能通过阅读来获取信息，还能以英语为工具，参与学术交流活动，如听学术报告、参加学术讨论等。为此，教育部于2003年初成立了大学英语教学改革项目组，2004年1月公布了新的《大学英语课程教学要求》(试行)，提出了新的大学英语课程教学目标即培养学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。
《教学要求》对英语听力能力的一般要求如下:“能听懂英语授课，能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座，能基本听懂英语国家慢速英语节目，语速为每分钟130词左右，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点。能运用基本的听力技巧帮助理解。”具体描述为:
1)能听懂英语授课，并能根据要求进行讨论、发言。
2)能听懂与所学内容相关、语速稍慢(每分钟130词)的对话、短文、报告
等音像材料，并能理解其要点。
3)能听懂英语国家的慢速英语节目，如新闻、科学报道、历史故事、词语典故等。
4)能听懂指示语，如指路、如何做某事、操作指南等，能听懂数字(基数与序数)、时间、商品价格等概念。
5)能听懂周围其他人的讨论主题，辨别出他们讨论的要点及支撑要点的主要事实。
6)能在听的过程中使用基本的听力技巧。
由此可见，新大纲对听力的要求比以前明显提高，要想在尽量短的时间内提高自己的听力水平，必须针对自己的特点，查漏补缺，勤学多练，尽快掌握以下技能:
(1) 辨别单词中的因素;
(2) 辨别语流中的音素;
(3) 辨别重音类型;
(4)理解婉转祈使句的升调，理解表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调和反义疑问句
的语调;
(5)理解句子和话语的交际价值;
(6)通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和重点信息;
(7) 做准确的判断;
(8)做笔记。
这些技能是学生应该具备的基本技能，是否具备这些技能是考生能否顺利通过听力测试的关键。
2. 题型介绍
试点的四、六级考试由四部分构成:听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力部分占35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20,。听力对话采用选择题，包括8个短对话和2个长对话的听力理解，其中长对话是新增加的测试内容;听力短文采用两种题型:
3篇短文理解和1篇短文听写(复合式听写)，短文理解也采用多项选择题。下面具体分析一下听力部分测试的四部分:
2.1 短对话部分是日常生活中的一般对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题，可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面。
2.2 长对话部分是新增题型，内容与短对话部分一样涉及日常生活中的许多方面。设问方式与短文理解一样，可就主旨大意提问，也可就具体细节或推理判断的结果提问。 2.3 短篇听力材料是题材熟悉、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话、叙述、对话等，如动物介绍、地区及大学情况介绍等。短文主要考查考生对文章大意、中心思想、重要细节的理解与领会，以及根据所获取的相关信息，对文中的某些细节做出联想、判断，也有就短文中的某一事实和人物进行提问的题目。
2.4 复合式听写是最近几年四级考试改革的一个重要内容，其目的是为了能够客观地检测学生的听力水平。它包括对理解能力(即“听”)和一定的书面表达能力(即“写”)这两方面的测试。
3. 重难点
四级听力部分改革后题型的特点是:形式多样，难度提高，比重加大。四级听力原来的分数比重是20%，而改革后提升到了35%，与阅读部分的分数比重相同。
从考试形式来讲，改革以前首先考10个短对话，然后考三篇短文或一篇复合式听写。而改革以后，听力分为三个部分:第一部分是对话，包括8个短对话(对应的有8个题目);然后是两篇长对话(对应有7个题);第二部分是三篇短文，一共考10个题目;第三部分是复合式听力，其中词汇听写由原来的7个增加到8个，句子听写则仍旧是3句。复合式听力以后成为必考内容。
增加长对话，以及复合式听力成为必考内容，使得听力部分的难度有所增加，听力部分的时间变成35分钟，对考生的注意力也提出了新的要求。而且听力部分还出现了一些比较难的单词，这也应当引起考生的关注。比如在样题中出现了“Kyoto Protocol”(京都议定书)，“greenhouse gases”(温室气体)等比较难，比较专业化的表达方式。可以看出，复合式听力越来越鼓励考生注意在生活中积累单词。从样题复合式听力的新闻体裁来分析，建议考生平时养成收听VOA、BBC等英文节目的习惯。难度增加的同时，各类听力题型的考法却没有多大改变，新增的长对话的考法与短对话的出题原则也有很多相似的地方。所以考生仍旧可以按照以前的复习方法提高听力，但要更加强调短期记忆的能力以及正确拼写单词的能力。
综上所述,长对话、复合式听写及听力短文理解是听力考试的重难点. 4.新题型中四级听力的分值比例
试卷构成 测试内容 测试题型 比例
短对话 多项选择
听力对话 15%
长对话 多项选择 第一部分 35% 听力理解 短文理解 多项选择
听力短文 20%
短文听写 复合式听写
5. 影响学生听力理解的主要因素
5.1 .语言基础知识
听力是听和理解的总和。听力理解的过程是人们运用各种知识和技能的过程。在听的过程中，学生对语言基础知识掌握程度的高低决定了听力理解及反应速度的差异。
语音障碍:
有些学生对发音不够重视，没能从一开始就掌握好准确的发音方式，养成了不好的发音习惯，那么长此以往，对发音相近的词及英语中的一些发音现象和规律就不能正确辨别，很容易听不懂所听内容或把它误听为其它音素。
语速障碍:
有些英语教师讲课语速比较慢，学生形成了习惯，遇到正常的语速的听力材料就不能适应。如再遇到一些连读，弱读，重读，失爆，重音转移等语音语调的变化，更是无所适从。
英语语音差异:
英美英语除了在词汇上的差异外，在读音上也不尽相同，有些读音差别还相当大。而我国英语教学过去基本上采用英国英语教学体系。随着对外开放，美音
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增多并有流行的趋势，有些学生因不熟悉英美语音的差异，就产生了听力障碍。
词汇障碍:
学生英语词汇量的大小，掌握的熟练程度，一词多义和同音异义的现象，都有给学生听力理解造成一定的困难。
5.2 母语干扰
许多学生在听到一段语音信息后，常受母语干扰，习惯用中文逐字逐句翻译出来，而不能直接将语音信息转化为一定的情景，不能直接用英语进行思维，多了个中间环节，这种心译影响了反应速度和记忆效果。
5.3 文化背景知识的障碍
语言是文化的一种表现形式，把英语作为外语来学习的学生必须具备一定的英美历史的语言文学知识，还需了解和熟悉一些英美国家人民的生活习惯，文化背景，风土人情及生活方式，不少中学生由于缺乏这方面的知识，听力理解便产生一定困难。
5.4 心理因素
听力理解的过程也是一个较复杂的心理活动过程。心理学家告诉我们，当人的情绪处于紧张焦虑的状态时，就会产生恐惧心理，从而使原来可以听懂的内容也大打折扣。另外，外部环境对学生也有较大的影响，环境的变化会使学生在心理上产生相应的变化。同样的听力内容，学生在教室里听教师授课和在语音室里听录音的心理准备和活动的方式是不一样的。而多数学生又不善于高速心理变化，从而造成听力理解上的因难。学生在听音时的情感因素和听力理解的有效程度也有着直接的联系。如果学生听音目的明确，其效果就好。反之，会产生心理抵触和厌恶情绪。
6. 提高听力理解的对策
听力是一种综合性语言能力，同语音、词汇、语法等基本功密不可分。短期强化训练固然对考试成绩有一定帮助，但要切实提高听力能力，侧需要从各个方面进行高强度训练，打好基础，而不仅仅依靠题海战术。
6.1(加强语言基础知识训练
针对容易混淆的音素、近音词进行强化训练，增强听音时的识别能力。多朗读，注意连读，弱读，重读，失爆，重音转移等语音语调的变化，多听，注意
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语音在这些方面的变化以及英美语音的差异。另外词汇的积累尤其重要。四级所要求的词汇应能熟记，并要培养听觉上对所记词汇的敏感性。
6.2背熟四级词汇，确保理解能力
很多考生临考前没有完整的背过一遍四级词汇，改革后的四级取消了词汇专项考查，估计有些考生更加不重视词汇了。但是词汇却是英语学习的基础，不背单词便无法取得好成绩。所以，准备四级听力不妨从此会开始。
6.3 用精听训练扎实基本功，用泛听拓展背景知识
精听的材料不宜太多，可以选择四级真题及少量权威的语音材料，磨尖自己的耳朵，培养较强的语感。一般来说，精听可以分为以下几步:
第一步 完全听懂文章。
第二步 听写
第三步 跟读文章
第四步 复述文章
听力水平高低与背景知识多少也是密切相关的。想要拓展知识面，需要结合泛听。泛听的渠道包括广播、电视、影碟和有声读物等。
6.4 尽量用英语思维
听音时，要避免用母语思维，减少心译造成的时间上的浪费和理解上的阻碍。要练习直接用英语进行思维，增加反应速度和记忆效果。
6.5调整心理状态
考试中的心理偏差有两种，一是过于放松，难以集中注意力，总是想起别的东西，无法抓住听力内容的关键词;二是过于紧张，心跳加快，手心出汗，有头晕的感觉。出现前一种情况的同学要加强训练，找一个与考试环境相似的教室，模仿真实的考试场景，逐渐进人状态;出现后一种情况的同学可能是对自己的能力估计不足，心中无数，有一种惧怕心理。这就要从自身做起，平时加强听力训练，做到有的放矢，弥补弱项。从而充满自信，保持心理稳定。在考前，把指令背熟，然后在放指令的录音时，阅读选择项，并进行有关的预测，这时，紧张的心理自然消除了。另外，要做到顺其自然。不要怕漏听一些非关键部分，像介词、连词、冠词等，不要去想一个没听到或一个不熟悉的单词，否则，会漏听更多内容。心情要放松，但要使听觉系统紧张起来。只有放松心情，才能正常(甚至超水平)发挥。听的过程中，一定要集中注意力，不要胡思乱想。在平时训练中，就要注意加强大脑与听觉系统之间的协调与沟通。
7. 命题趋势
7.1(材料选择方面
通观历年考试试卷可以发现四级考试并不非常注重题材的真实性。它的对话部分的选材以日常生活的题材为主，短文也以学生比较熟悉的内容为主要考查范围。但总的来说没有最新的材料。四、六级考试改革在听力题材方面明确指出将选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。可见在将来的考试中选材方面的变化将会得到突出的显示。 7.2问题设计方面
通过对历年四级考试的问题设计的比较研究，可以看出四级设问呈现越来越难的趋势。这具体体现在推理判断及综合归纳这一类的题型有所增加。大家知道同样一篇听力材料，不同的设问方式和角度可以产生迥异的测试结果，因为不同的题目可以考查学生对一篇材料不同程度的理解。最新的四级考试中短对话部分的设问推理判断一类的题目占到半数以上，可见在问题设计方面四级考试的一个必然趋势，就是越来越注重考查学生深层理解的能力。这当然意味着难度的增加。
第二章 短对话(Short Conversation)
1.短对话部分综述
1.1 题型简介及分类
短对话部分每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这部分共有8组对话，只听一遍，间隔做题时间为15秒，每题1分，共8分。这些问题涉及的内容大致可分为以下10类: 1)(数字与数量 2)(地点与方向 3)(身份与职业 4)(请求与建议 5)(因果关系 6)(比较关系 7)(赞成与否定 8)(虚拟语气 9)(转折关系 10)(推理与判断
1.2 历年真题题型分布情况
下面是自2005年6月至2008年12月各次四级考试短对话部分的题型分布表，从中我们不难看出对话部分的出题规律和出题趋势。
数地身请因比赞虚转推题 次 字点份求果较成拟折理
与与与与关关与语关与型 数 数方职建系 系 否气 系 判时 间 量 向 业 议 定 断
2005年6月 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 2
2005年12月 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 3
2006年6月 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 3
2006年12月 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 2
2007年6月 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 2
2007年12月 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 3
2008年6月 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 2
2008年12月 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 4
合计 0 3 2 9 3 1 11 4 16 21
2. 短对话部分题型详解
2.1 数字与数量
2.1.1专题总结
数字与数量及其简单的计算在日常生活与工作中很常见，这类题型在四级听力考试中也经常出现。这种题型主要是考查考生对时间、日期、价格、费用、里程、尺寸、年龄、电话号码、门牌号、街道号、飞机航班、人与物的数量等有关数字的加、减、乘、除计算或数字辨析。在对话中提到的往往不只一个数字，常常是对二三个数字进行计算、辨别。在两位数的数字中，-teen和 –ty是考生容易搞混的，这里提供两种区分法:一是注意重音。结尾音节有重音的为-teen，结尾没有重音的为–ty。二是注意鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为-teen。
这类题型考生失分的原因有:一是对时间和数字的表达方法还不够熟悉;二是对答题技巧的运用不够熟练。
2.1.2 常见提问方式
1) What time did the woman leave…?
2) When will the next bus leave for …?
3) How often will the woman…?
4) How much does … cost?
5) How many turns must …take to reach the railway station?
6) Which number is the woman dialing? 2.1.3 解题技巧
1) 考生要做好笔记，记下听到的数字，再用听到的某个关键词选择运算方法。
2)对于时间题，首先要掌握时间的表达法，尤其是要注意时间上的推前和推后。其次是要掌握正确的换算，即时刻上都是60进位，日期上的星期(7天)、月(30天或31天)等。再次，有时对话或选择项中会故意设置起干扰作用的时间选项，主要是同音或近音的干扰。
3) 考前必须熟悉掌握与数字相关的各种表达方式。
2.1.4 数字与数量题型中应注意的表达方式
1)基数词、序数词、小分数、百分数等的表达方式，例如:
84 eighty-four
785 seven hundred and eighty-five
2968 two thousand, nine hundred and sixty-eight
3,267,853 three million, two hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and fifty-three
第五 the fifth
第八 the eighth
1/4 a quarter/ a fourth
3/9 three ninths
7.67 seven point six seven
0.7 zero point seven
45% forty-five percent
8:7 eight to seven
2)时间
2:15 a quarter past/after two或 two fifteen
2:45 a quarter to three 或two forty-five
2:30 half past two 或two thirty
2:10 ten past two 或two ten
2:00 two (o‘clock) (sharp)
00:25 twenty-five past/after midnight
提前或提早10分钟:ten minutes early, ten minutes ahead of time, ten minutes ahead of
schedule, early by ten minutes, etc.
推迟或迟到10分钟: ten minutes late, ten minutes behind schedule, late by ten minutes, to be
delayed/postponed for ten minutes, etc.
1999年5月8日: May (the ) eighth nineteen ninety –nine
2002年:two thousand and two
2月2日:February the second
公元前1016年:one thousand and sixteen B.C.
前天:the day before yesterday
后天:the day after tomorrow 每隔一天:every other day / every two days
下星期这个时候:this time next week 两星期:fortnight
10年:a decade
100年:a century
21世纪:twenty-first century
3) 货币、价格等
1美分/便士:one cent/penny
3便士:three pence
5美分:nickel
10美分:dime
1美元:one dollar
1英镑:one pound
$78(35 seventy-eight dollars (and) thirty-five cents/seventy-eight thirty-five
?20.60 twenty pounds (and) sixty pence/twenty sixty
4) 航班号、房间号、电话号码等
432:航班: Flight four three two 256号房间:Room two five six 电话号码 7855406 seven eight double five four zero/o six
5) 路程、距离等
35米:thirty-five meters 7英里:seven miles
25公里:twenty-five kilometers 12英寸:twelve inches(=1 foot) 3英尺:3 feet(=1 yard)
6) 楼层、人数、重量等
二楼:the first floor(英语)/the second floor (美语) 16盎司:16 ounces (=1 pound) 16磅:16 pounds
7) 其它与数字相关的表达方式也很重要，例如:
前几天:the other day
两倍:double
三倍:triple
一打:dozen
一对:couple
二十:a score
每天:daily
每周:weekly
每月:monthly
每季:quarterly
每年:annually
增加到:increase to
增加了:increase by
2.1.5 真题解析
例1)M: I wonder if Sue will be here by 5 o' clock?
W: Her husband said she left home at half past four. She should be here at ten after 5 and a
quarter past 5 at the latest.
Q: What time did Sue leave home?
A) 5:10 B) 5:00 C) 4:30 D) 5:15 (CET 01年6月)
答案是C。这题看备选项貌似计算题，实际上要求捕获明示信息。女的说Sue的丈夫
讲是4:30离开家的。
例2)M: Here‘s a ten dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight‘s show, please.
W: Sure. Two tickets and here‘s a dollar forty cents change.
Q: How much does one ticket cost?
A) $ 1.40 B) ) $ 4.30 C) $6.40 D) ) $8.60 (CET 97年1月)
，买了两张票，每张票价为:(10-1.4)?2=4.3答案是B。计算题题型。10美元找回1.40美元
美元。
2.1.6 同步练习
1)A)170 dollars B) 320 dollars C) 200dollars D) 230 dollars
2)A) 1975 B) 1977 C) 1979 D) 1985
3)A) More than one and half weeks B) Not more than half a week .
C) More than two weeks D) Less than a week and a half
4)A) 38042 B) 388042 C) 3888042 D) 8880042
5)A) 11:00 B) 11:30 C) 11:40 D) 10:20
6)A) 1:30 B) 12:30 C) 1:10 D) 12:10
7)A) A quarter to nine B) Half past eight
C) Twenty minutes to nine D) 25 minutes to nine
8)A) 9:00 B) 9:30 C) 8:00 D) 8:30
thstthth9)A) September 15 B) September 21 C) September 9 D) September 6
10) A) Five lessons B) Three lessons C) Twelve lessons D) Fifteen lesson
2.1.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1)听力原文:W: Mother said this kind of TV set costs 200dollars.
M: It used to, but the price has gone up 30 dollars.
Q: How much does the TV cost now?
正确答案:D
解题思路:数字通常需要进行运算才能获得答案，所以听清数字前后的关键词很重要，
如go up, cut down, discount(折扣)，change (所找的零钱)，tip (小费)等等，这类词都含有明
确的计算趋向。
2)听力原文:M: Would you like to tell me something of your university life?
W: I was admitted by Oxford in1975.Then I graduated from this university 4
years later. And I became a lawyer 10 years after my graduation.
Q: When did the woman graduate from the university?
正确答案:C
解题思路:这是一则简单的运算题，只要听懂4 years later 即可。
3) 听力原文:M: How much time did you have for writing your term paper?
W: We were given three weeks, but I finished in less than half the time.
Q: How long did it take the woman to write her term paper?
正确答案: D
解题思路:数字题中出现 but，其前后往往是题眼所在，前面提到“three weeks”,but后
提到“less than half the time”，所以除以2即可。
4) 听力原文:W: Hello. Is this triple eight double zero four two?
M: Yes. Who is that speaking?
Q: What is the telephone number?
正确答案:D
解题思路:报电话号码或其他长串数字时，往往把重复的数字用简易方式表达出来，如
triple(三个)、double(两个)，若熟悉这两个词一切问题就迎刃而解了。
5)听力原文:M:Will you be here at 11:00?
W:No, I will be forty minutes late
. Q:When will the woman arrive?
正确答案:C
解题思路:时间计算题往往是简单的加减法，关键是听清表达时间前后的单词，如late,
before, after, ahead of time, ahead of schedule, earlier等等。
6)听力原文:W:What time are you leaving?
M:1:30 p.m. But I‘ve got to check in at 12:30 p.m.
Q:What time will the man check in?
正确答案:B
解题思路:对话中出现两个时间时，一般指两个不同动作发生的不同时间，所以特别要
注意提问中问的是什么动作。
7) 听力原文:M: Have Tom and Mary left for school yet? It‘s a quarter to nine now.
W: Tom left at eight fifteen, and Mary hurried off twenty minutes later.
Q: What time did Mary leave for school?
正确答案:D
解题思路: 这是一道较为复杂的时间计算题。对话中出现三个时间，考生可能会注意a
quarter to nine，实际上这个时间并不重要。只要听清Mary离家的时间是在
Tom的20分钟后，而Tom是8:15离开的，由此可算出Mary离开的时间是
8:35。按每小时60分钟计算，得出答案 twenty -five minutes to nine。
8)听力原文:W: I can come to your house and pick you up in half an hour. Is that all right?
M: Good. That means you will be here at 9:30.
Q: What time is it now?
正确答案:A
解题思路: 女的说“半小时后来接你”，考生只要熟悉 in half an hour 表达什么就行了。
9) 听力原文:M: Do you know when the exhibit begins?
W: Probably on September 15th. It‘s only six days from now.
Q: What‘s the date today?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 这也是一道简单的计算题，15-6=9 ，所以可以得出答案C。
10) 听力原文:W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.
M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the
weekend to go over the rest of the lessons.
Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?
正确答案:B
解题思路: 女士告诉男士期中考试为前15课，男士说“我以为只有12课呢。”所以可
以计算出周末要复习剩下的3课。
2.2 地点与方向
2.2.1 专题总结
地点与方向这类题很容易识别，因为选项中都是关于地点的词语。这类题型也经常在试卷中出现。其特点是:对话双方直接或间接地提及某一地点或方向，要求考生根据对话内容，分辨信息做答。这类题型出题方式通常有两种，一种是隐含型，一种是明辨型。隐含型更为常见，选项中的地点并不直接出现在对话里，而只是以一种隐藏的形式出现。这类题型有的时候不需要完全听懂对话内容，而只需通过一两个关键的词就可以推断出对话中所暗示的地点、方向。明辨型题中四个选项可能都是直接出现在对话中的，其中的干扰项与正确答案需要通过对话内容进行分辨。
2.2.2 常见提问方式
1) Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
2) Where might Mr. Brown go?
3) Where does/did the conversation most probably take place?
4) Where is the woman now?
5) Where are the two speakers?
6) Where is the man probably going to work?
2.2.3 解题技巧
1) 考生要掌握表示地点和方向的特定用语，在听对话中才能做出敏感的反应，并要特别注意有些地点词与介词、方位词相组合的含义。
2)抓住对话中的关键词并力图推断出对话中所暗含的地点、方向。
2.2.4 与地点相关的表达方式
1) Hotel
front desk 前台 reception接待 room service客房服务 reservation预定 to book a room预定房间 register登记 to check in入住 to check out结账离开旅馆porter行李员 single room单人房间 double room双人房间 vacant room空房间suite套房 bathroom 卫生间
2) Restaurant
cafeteria自助餐厅 bar酒吧 waiter男服务生 waitress女服务员 order点菜 reserve预定 menu菜单 bill账单 tip小费 go Dutch各自付费 my treat我请客 taste味道 dessert点心 have a sweet tooth爱吃甜食 main dish主菜 hot-dog热狗 toast烤面包片 sandwich三明治 pizza比萨饼 pie馅饼 drink饮料 liquor烈性酒 brandy白兰地 whisky威士忌 wine葡萄酒 alcohol含酒精的饮料 beer啤酒 soft drink不含酒精的饮料
3) Post Office
mail邮件;邮递 postage邮资 postcard明信片 parcel包裹 package包裹 regular mail平信
registered mail挂号信 special delivery专送函 express特快的/地 air-mail航空邮件 zip-code邮政编码 post-code邮政编码 stamp邮票 envelop信封 to dial拨(电话号) extension电话分机 long distance call长途拨号
collect call对方付费电话 to install a phone安装电话
yellow pages黄页(分类商业电话号码薄) telegram电报
4) Shop
department store百货商店 supermarket超市 grocery食品杂货 size规格 style款式 fashion时装 brand商标;品牌 price价格 cost 花费 cash现金 on sale减价出售 for sale待售 expensive昂贵 cheap价格低 bargain廉价货 color颜色 in stock存货 out of stock脱销;没存货 5) Book Store
buy购买 return归还 order订单;预订 edition版本 periodical(学术)期刊 paperback简装书 hardback精装书 regular price平价 on sale减价出售 out of print绝版;售完
6) Library
latest issue最近的一期(报刊) back issue 过期期刊 up-to-date information目前最新信息 library card借书卡 be due到期 overdue逾期未还的 to renew续借 borrower‘s card借书证 return还
to pay fines支付罚款 author catalogue按著书者排列的目录簿 subject catalogue按主题排列的目录簿 card catalogue按卡号排列的目录 reference book参考书 circulation department流通部 bookshelf书架 7) School
registration注册 graduate大学毕业生 enroll招生 quit school退学 term 学期 semester 学期 academic year学年 school year学年 quiz小测验 exam考试 experiment实验 paper
论文
政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载
doctor‘s degree博士学位 bachelor‘s degree学士学位 master‘s degree硕士学位 tuition学费 tutor辅导老师 scholarship奖学金 credit学分 campus校园 dormitory宿舍 dorm宿舍 clinic诊所 canteen食堂 gym体育馆 Students‘ Union学生会 Students‘ Center大学生活动中心 freshman大学
一年级
小学一年级数学20以内加减练习题小学一年级数学20以内练习题小学一年级上册语文教学计划人教版一年级上册语文教学计划新人教版一年级上册语文教学计划
学生 sophomore大学二年级学生junior大学三年级学生 senior大学四年级学生 undergraduate本科生 graduate student研究生 graduate school研究生院 lecture讲座 compulsory course必修课 required course必修课 optional course选修课 selective course选修课 assignment分配的任务 seminar讨论 subject科目
topic话题 presentation陈述 liberal arts文科 science理科 8) Bank
open an account开立账户 a savings account储蓄账户 a checking account支票账户 cash a check兑现支票 interests利息 balance余额 fixed deposit 定期储蓄 current account 活期账户 deposit count定期账户 bank clerk银行出纳员 teller出纳员 9) Airport and Custom
airline航空公司 air-hostess空中小姐 depart from Gate 2(航班)从2号登机处出发 arrive at Gate 3(航班)从3号登机处抵达 flight 101 101航班 take off(航班)起飞 departure离开 arrival抵达 smoking section吸烟区 non-smoking section禁烟区 boarding pass登机通行证 baggage claim tag行李认领牌 an aisle seat紧靠过道的座位 a window seat靠窗的座位 seat belt安全带 declare报关 claim认领 fill in the form填表格
duty free免关税 pay duty on 交关税 luggage行李
10) Rail way Station and Bus station
platform站台 carriage车厢 conductor列车长 passenger乘客 taxi driver出租车司机
pull in 进站 pull out出站 sleeping car卧铺车厢 emergency brake紧急刹车
11) Court
jury陪审团 judge法官 counselor律师 lawyer律师
case案件 sue控告 appeal上诉 accuse sb. of sth控告某人犯某事
charge sb. with sth控告某人犯某事 trial审讯 sentence宣判 serve服(刑)
12) Hospital
doctor医生 surgeon外科医生 dentist牙科医生
patient病人 general ward普通病房 private ward特诊病房
isolation ward隔离病房 observation ward观察室 consulting room诊断室
emergency room急诊室 out-patient department门诊部 in-patient department住院部
ambulance救护车 allergy过敏反应 bruise瘀伤 wound伤口
dizzy头晕的 fever发烧 infection感染 nausea反胃
pain疼痛 vomit呕吐 burn烧伤 chill颤抖
cramp抽筋 cough咳嗽 itch发痒 cold感冒
flu流感 insomnia失眠 a sore throat嗓子疼 prescription处方 nurse护士
high/low blood pressure高/低血压
13) Drugstore
pharmacy药店 make up a prescription开处方 pills药丸 tablet药片
dose(药的)一剂 powder粉末 capsule胶囊 mixture混合物
antibiotic抗生素(如青霉素) digestive消化的 sleeping pill安眠药
2.2.5 真题解析
例1). M: The Golden Lion sounds like a nice place to eat.
W: OK, let‘s go there. I hear that they have a complete menu and a warm atmosphere.
Q: Where are the man and woman going?
A) To the beach. B) To a play. C) To a movie theatre. D) To a restaurant. (CET89-1)
答案是D。从a nice place to eat(男的)和menu(女的)可以断定为餐馆。
例2). M: Hello, this is John Hopkins at the Riverside Health Center. I‘d like to speak to Mr. Jones.
W: I‘m sorry, Mr. Hopkins, my husband isn‘t at home. But I can give you his office phone
number. He won‘t be back until 6 o‘clock.
Q: Where does Mrs. Jones think her husband is now?
A) At home. B) At the riverside. C) At the health center. D) At his office. (CETR 96-1)
答案是D。问她丈夫此刻在哪里，这是推理题型。她告诉问的人她丈夫办公室电话号
码，可知她认为她丈夫在办公室。
2.2.6 同步练习
1) A) In the library. B) In the bank. C) In the clinic. D) In the accounting office.
2) A) Hospital. B) Police office. C) Cinema. D) Department store.
3) A) Library. B) Book store. C) Classroom. D) Clinic.
4) A) Classroom. B) Bank. C) Theater. D) Hotel.
5) A) Restaurant. B) Railway station. C) Hotel. D) Book store.
6) A) Europe. B) Here. C) Canada. D) California.
7) A) In a cotton field. B) At a railway station. C) On a farm. D) On a train.
8) A) In the park. B) Between two buildings. C) In his apartment. D) Under a huge tree.
9) A) At an art gallery. B) In a department store. C) At a bookstore. D) In a workshop.
10) A) At a bookstore. B) At a bank. C) At a club. D) At a grocery store. 2.2.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1)(听力原文:M: The book will be due on November 12. If you can not finish the reading by
then, you‘d better come to renew it.
W: Thanks for reminding me, sir. I‘ll still need them for a few more days.
Q: Where is this conversation most probably taking place?
正确答案:A
解题思路:此题只要听出book一词就有九成胜算，因为选项中只有library与book最
有关，后面的due , renew都进一步帮助明确正确选项。
2)( 听力原文: W: Excuse me, sir. I am looking for the emergency room. I was told it was on the
first floor.
M: It is. Go ahead along the corridor and turn left.
? Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 此题较难，因为只有一个信息词 emergency room，漏听的话就没有其他辅助
信息了，所以熟悉地点类信息词是解题关键。
3)(听力原文:M: Hello, this is Doctor White, May I speak to Mr. Brown?
W: I‘m sorry, Doctor White. Mr. Brown went to buy some dictionaries.
Q: Where might Mr. Brown go?
正确答案:B
解题思路: 只要听懂buy dictionary即可得出正确答案。
4)(听力原文:W: Could you please explain the assignment for tomorrow, sir?
M: OK. Write a 2-page composition and prepare for dictation next week.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
正确答案:A
解题思路: 对话中提到assignment, composition, dictation，可以断定肯定是老师在向学生
布置作业。
5)(听力原文:M: Can I help you?
W: Well, take this bag to my room please. I‘ll go to the receptionist to book the
ticket back home.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 女的要求男的帮她把包放到房间去，而她自己则要到服务台订票，通过综合
判断可得出正确答案。
6)(听力原文:M: Has George returned from Europe yet?
W: Yes, but he had only been here for three days before his company sent him to
Canada.
Q: Where is George now?
正确答案: C
解题思路: „had been only here for three days before his company sent him to Canada说明
来此之后去了加拿大，那么加拿大就是他最近的行踪。判断的要点在于正确理解时态。
7)(听力原文: W: Look at that big field of cotton. And there‘s a farm with some beautiful
houses.
M: You really get to know the country when you go by train, don‘t you?
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 女士的话语表明她正在看大片棉花地和漂亮的农舍，男的提到乘火车能看
到这一切，说明他们正在火车上。
8)(听力原文: M: Where did you say you found this bag?
W: It was lying under a big tree between the park and the apartment building.
Q: Where did the woman find the bag?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 该题为细节理解题。男士问女士在哪里找到了这个包，女士回答说在公园和
公寓之间的一棵大树下。问题的关键在where 一词，听音的重点在lying under a big tree。
9)( 听力原文: W: Can you tell me the title of this oil painting?
M: Sorry. I don‘t know for sure, but I guess it‘s an early 17th century work. You
may look it up in the catalogue.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
正确答案: A
解题思路:考生可听到oil painting(油画)，可以判断和艺术有关。男的说“这大概是
17世纪的作品，你可以查看一下目录。”两者综合，可以得出正确答案。
10)(听力原文: W: We have several accounts, Mr. Brown. The best interest rate is for the
customer club account, but you must maintain a monthly balance of $ 100.
M: That will be fine.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
正确答案:B
解题思路:对话中的信号词是解题的关键，interest rate, account, balance都是银行里常用
的词，所以可以断定发生在银行里。
2.3 身份与职业
2.3.1 专题总结
身份与职业题是四级考试常考的题型，其特点与地点方向题相似，即对话双方间接地提
及某人的身份或某人与某人的关系。这类题一般来说其选项都是关于职业、身份及关系方面
的词，但是对话内容中一般不会直接提到，而只是通过对话中的语气和一些关键词来提示答
案。这类题主要考察考生对上述特定语言环境和表示身份的专用术语的掌握情况。
2.3.2 常见提问方式
1) What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
2) What is the man‘s relationship to the woman?
3) Who is the man most probably speaking to?
4) What is the man‘s profession/occupation?
5) What is the man? What is the man‘s job?
6) Who is the man?
2.3.3 解题技巧
1) 考生首先要掌握与身份和职业相关的线索词、特征词和关键词。
2)做这类题时，考生要注意捕捉对话中出现的与说话人身份或职业相关的线索词、特征
词或关键词，并注意说话人的语气，根据生活常识，做出合理化的推断，选出正确的答案。 2.3.4 与身份 和职业相关的线索词、特征词和关键词
1)Doctors and Patients:
examination检查 prescribe开处方 injection针剂 operation手术
What‘s the matter with you?
I suffered…
2) Teachers and Students:
textbook教科书 course课程 grade年级 mark打分;评成绩
exam考试 term paper学期论文 test测试 assignment任务;作业
homework家庭作业 lesson功课 class班 score分数
scholarship奖学金 pass及格 fail不及格 semester学期
credit学分 oral exam口试 written exam笔试
make up an exam补考 school record校记录 Any more questions?还有什么问题吗, 3) Waiter or Waitress, Attendant, Shop-assistant:
menu菜单 order点菜 tip小费 on sale降价出售
for sale待售 marked price标价 discount打折 selling season销售旺季
May I help you?
May I take you order now?
Would you like something else?
Will this be cash or charge?
4) Repairman:
fix修理 plug插头 gear传动装置 garage汽车修理厂
vacuum真空 air-conditioner空调 heater加热器 refrigerator冰箱,
laundry machine洗衣机 switch开关 plumber管道工 drain排水;下水道
Something is wrong with…
5) Postman
deliver递送 letter信件 parcel包裹 mail邮件 mailbox邮箱 post邮寄 registered letter挂号信 postcard明信片 postage邮资 airmail航空邮寄 6) Police:
speeding超速驾驶 traffic light交通灯 driver‘ s license驾驶执照 fine罚款 give a ticket to罚单
7) Taxi-driver:
fare车费 meter 米 Where shall I take you? Where to?
8) Customs Officer:
passport护照 restricted articles禁止携带的物件 free of duty免关税的
Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要保关吗,
Anything dutiable? 有什么要保关吗,
9) Librarian:
library card借书卡 periodical期刊 journal学术期刊 catalogue目录 bookshelf书架 due到期的 overdue超期的 renew续借 10) Airport Staff and Customer
cabin door机舱门 gate登机口 business class商务舱 economy class经济舱
first class头等舱 restricted articles禁止携带的物件 single ticket单程票
return ticket返程票 jet lag时差 airsick晕机 seat belt安全带
11) Bank Clerk:
balance余额 cash现金 check支票 overdraft透支 withdraw取钱 deposit存款
2.3.5 真题解析
例1).W: It‘s the next house on the left. How much will that be?
M: The fare is on the meter.
Q: What kind of job does the man have?
A) He is a driver. B) He is a real estate salesman. C) He is a meter reader. D) He works at a
fair. (CET93-1)
答案是A。信息词是fare(车费)和meter(计价表)，所以判断男的是司机。
例2)(M: Are there any more questions on this lecture? Yes, Mary.
W: Dr. Baker, do you think an independent candidate could become president?
Q: What most probably is Mary?
A) A student. B) A reporter. C) A visitor. D) A lecturer. (CET97-1)
答案是A。lecture 可以是“报告”，也可以是“讲课”。贝克博士能叫上名字让玛丽
提问，循常情，通常是师生关系。
2.3.6 同步练习
1) A) A physician. B) A dentist. C) A surgeon. D) A pediatrician.
2) A) A writer. B) A teacher. C) A reporter. D) A student.
3) A) A saleswoman. B) A waitress. C) A nurse. D) A taxi driver.
4) A) An air-hostess. B) A teacher C) A waitress. D) A receptionist.
5) A) A tailor. B) An accountant. C) A hotel attendant. D) A nurse.
6) A) Husband and wife. B) Father and daughter
C) Doctor and patient. D) Teacher and student.
7) A) Relatives. B) Roommates. C) Colleagues. D) Neighbors.
8) A) Teacher and student. B) Doctor and patient.
C) Waiter and customer. D) Wife and husband.
9) A) Porter and passenger. B) Receptionist and guest.
C) Operator and caller. D) Typist and customer.
10) A) Customs officer. B) Teacher. C) Policeman. D) Editor. 2.3.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: M: Is this your first appointment with Mr. Black?
W: Oh, yes, I‘d like to have a dental examination. A lot of my teeth ache these days
Q: Who is Mr. Black?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 听到其中的dental examination, tooth ache可以判断Mr. Black是个牙医。
2) 听力原文: W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I‘m with the local
newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please?
Q: What is Susan Gray?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 女的在采访发问之前先做自我介绍，讲了她在地方报社工作。
3) 听力原文: M: How do you figure out the fare?
W: Well, the first five kilometers are 2 dollars and every extra kilometer costs you
30 cents.
Q: Who is the woman?
正确答案:D
解题思路: 男的说“价格怎么算,”女的说“开始的五公里两美元，以后每公里是30美
分。”由此可知女的是出租车司机。
4) 听力原文: W: I hope you enjoy the flight, sir. Don‘t forget to tighten the seat belt.
M: Thank you.
Q: Who is the woman?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 关键是听出flight和seat belt。只有飞机上的空中小姐会提醒大家系好安全带。
5) 听力原文: M: I want to have this shirt washed.
W: Very well, sir. Your name and room number, please.
Q: What kind of job might the woman do
正确答案:C
解题思路: 男士想让人洗衣服，女的说可以，随后说“请留下名字和房间号码”，因此
知道事情发生在旅馆里，女的是服务员。
6) 听力原文: W: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?
M: Not yet. I am still examining. I‘ll let you know the result next week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 从查胃的毛病，可得知是病人和医生关系。
7) 听力原文: M: I‘ve just brought your ladder back. Thanks for lending it to me. Where shall I
leave it?
W: Just lean it against the wall there. Use the ladder again any time.
Q: What‘s the probable relationship between these two speakers?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 从还梯子判断两家住得不远，是邻居关系。
8) 听力原文: M: Would you like to see the menu, miss?
W: Oh, yes. What special food do you recommend today?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 男的提到menu，女的问“有什么特色菜可推荐,”，说明肯定是顾客和饭店
服务员在说话。
9) 听力原文:W: Hello. I‘ve made a reservation and I‘m checking in.
M: Yes, madam. Your name and the room number please?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 对话中出现了好几个信息词，如reservation , check in , room number，说明是
旅馆接待员和旅客。
10) 听力原文: W: Is there anything in your suitcase to declare?
M: No, I‘ve only got clothes and things like that.
Q: Who is the woman?
正确答案: A
解题思路: Is there anything to declare,是海关人员验关时的典型说法，因此可选A。
2.4 请求与建议
2.4.1 专题总结
这类考题主要涉及的是动作，它的题量一般占对话部分的20,-30%，比重非常大。其特点是:说话人中的一方提供某种帮助或提出某种请求，而另一方做出肯定或否定的反应，或一方提出某种想法与建议，而另一方对此做出反应。这类考题重点测试考生对建议或请求句型的掌握和谈话者语气表达的理解。这类题的选项一般具备以下几个特点中的一到两个:1)四个选项全是涉及不同句子。2)以同一个人做主语。3)选项中都包含不同动词的不定式。
2.4.2 常见提问方式:
1)What does the man mean?
2)What does the woman suggest the man do?
3)How did the man respond to the woman‘s request?
4)What does the woman think he should do? 2.4.3 解题技巧
1) 在观察选项时，考生应该将不同的动词划线，在听的过程中，留意有关主语的信息，特别留意是否听到有与四个选项中哪个选项的动词是同根词，同义词或近义词，如果有，那个选项一般来说就是正确答案。
2) 另外，留意反应者的态度以及关键词but后面的内容，并时刻注意调整听录音的重心。
2.4.4 表示建议和请求的句型和表达方式
表建议:1) You might as well…
2) Maybe you should…
3) Shall we…?
4) Let‘s …
5) Why not…?
6) Why bother…?
7) Why don‘t you…?
8) You‘d better…
9) You‘ll have to…
10) How about…?
11) If I were you, I‘d…
12) Wouldn‘t „ be wiser?
表请求:1) I wonder if …?
2)Would you mind „?
3)Would you like to …?
4)Will you please …?
5)Could you do me a favor?
6)How about…?
7)Would you be kind enough to…?
2.4.5 真题解析
例1)(W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and there‘s bound to be a long line.
M: Why don‘t we come back for the next show? I‘m sure it would be less crowded.
Q: What is the man suggesting?
A) Coming back for a later show. B) Waiting in a queue.
C) Coming back in five minutes. D) Not going to the movie today. (CET 96-6)
答案是A。男的讲干吗不回来看下场，why don‘t用来提建议。
例2)(W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week.
M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it; I‘m afraid, if you want to get it
published.
Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?
A) Put her report on his desk. B) Read some papers he recommended.
C) Improve some parts of her paper. D) Mail her report to the publisher. (CET97-6)
答案是C。revise意为“修订，改写”。男的建议改进论文的某些部分。
2.4.6 同步练习
1) A) By bus B) By bike C) Drive by herself D) On foot 2) A) Pay more attention to the music B) Stop talking so much C) Play the music more quietly D) Look at something for the man 3) A) It‘s too cold and rainy to go B) He thinks it‘s a good idea.
C) He doesn‘t have the time D) He doesn‘t like museums
4) A) She doesn‘t know why the food is bad.
B) She wonders if something happened at the restaurant at the corner.
C) She only wants drinks because she isn‘t hungry.
D) She thinks that they ought to go to the restaurant at the corner. 5) A) go swimming. B) stay at home C) attend a football game D) buy something golden
6) A) She can tell John when she sees her at noon.
B) She should tell Joan‘s brother about the reception.
C) She must call on Joan after than reception.
D) She may see Joan‘s brother at lunch.
7) A) There are too many courses offered to students.
B) The woman should take fewer courses next term.
C) The man will take four courses next semester.
D) It is wiser to take more than four courses.
8) A) Take a walk. B) Listen to the music. C) Dance to the music. D) Give a performance
9) A) Read more than one article.
B) Choose a better article to read.
C) Present a different theory to the class.
D) Read an article on political science.
10) A) They set off early B) They wait for a fine day
C) They go sightseeing D) They go to the seaside.
2.4.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1). 听力原文: M: If I were in your shoes, I‘d take the bus to work. Driving in that rush-hour
traffic is terrible.
W: But by the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren‘t any seats left.
Q: How does the woman go to work?
正确答案:C
解题思路:男士向女士建议乘车上班，女的说乘车太挤。解题关键还是but，说明女的没
有接受男士的建议，可以排除选项A。除掉A干扰项后，问题的答案很清晰，因为男的说
过―Driving in that rush-hour traffic is terrible‖。
2). 听力原文: M: Look, I ' m sorry to bother you about this but could you turn that music down?
W: Sorry, I didn‘t realize you could hear it.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
正确答案:C
解题思路:女的提出“„but could you turn that music down ?”男的说“Sorry , I didn‘t realize you could hear it.”用了过去式，表示原以为女的听不见不会影响她，但现在知道了。由此可推断男的会把声音弄小一些。
3).听力原文: W: Would you like to join us to visit the museum?
M: That‘ll be a nice way of spending a rainy and cold day like this.
Q: How does the man respond?
正确答案: B
解题思:女的提出建议后，男的说―That‘ll will be a nice way‖，表示赞同。
4).听力原文: M: Where do you want to go for your dinner?
W: Is there anything wrong with the restaurant at the corner?
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案:D
解题思路: 男的提出到哪儿吃饭，女的反问“街角的餐馆有何不妥,”说明她认为还是到那里去吃饭。这种题目没有任何信号词，主要从语气进行判断。
5).听力原文: W: Do you want to go swimming this weekend?
M: I‘ve got a bad cold. Can we do something quiet instead?
Q: What will the man most probably do this weekend?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 此题有两个不同的建议，所以第二个人的讲话尤为重要。男的说“Can we do something quiet instead ?”既然他身体不好，他就会待在家里。
6).听力原文: W: I ought to call Joan and tell her about her reception this evening.
M: Why bother, you‘ll see her at lunch.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 男的说why bother，就是说没有必要打电话，中午女的会见到Joan的。注意why not, why bother都能表示建议，但意思截然相反:why not用否定形式表示肯定建议，而why bother则用肯定形式表示否定建议。
7).听力原文: W: I‘m thinking of taking five courses next semester.
M: Wouldn‘t four be wiser?
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 女的计划选五门课，男的觉得四门为好，一比就知男士的态度。
8).听力原文: M: The music is so beautiful that I‘d like to dance but I don‘t know the steps.
W: It doesn‘t matter. No one will be looking at us in the crowd.
Q: What does the woman suggest they do?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 男士说音乐如此美妙以至于他想跳舞，但他不会跳。女士则说不要紧，在人群中没有人注意他们。女士的言外之意是他们可以随着音乐跳舞。
9).听力原文: M: I‘d better read one of the articles for our political science class.
W: You can‘t read just one. They say each presents a different theory.
Q: What does the woman tell the man he must do?
正确答案: A
解题思路:从文中You can‘t read just one 可推测出女士告诉男士，他必须读一本以上。
10).听力原文:W: It seems we will have another fine day tomorrow. Let‘s go to the seaside.
M: OK. But we‘ll have to go very early, or else we‘ll get caught in the traffic.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 女的同意男的建议去海边，她的建议是早点动身以免塞车
8. 高频短语
2.5 因果关系
2.5.1 专题总结
因果关系题在听力考试中是比较难的,一是因为它的问题一般侧重于对原因的考查,而原
因往往在第一句就讲到, 所以考生往往容易忽略并遗忘.二是因为它的信号词很少,一般需要
全部听完才能判断这是一道因果关系题。
2.5.2 常见提问方式
1)Why was the woman so late?
2)Why can‘t the woman find the book?
3)Why can‘t the professor answer her questions now?
4)Why does the man walk all the way to the office? 2.5.3 解题技巧
1) 不要以原文的重现作为选择的标准,而应加以理解和转换,找出与原文整体相关的选
项才是正确答案。
.2.) 考生在听的过程中,不仅要听表面词句,还要开动脑筋,挖掘句子含义,并进行有效归
纳;不要虽然听懂了原文的字词,却选不出正确答案来，考生要密切注意这一点。
2.5.4 对话中常涉及到的表示因果关系的词
because, so, hence, since, thus, for, as , on account of , in that(因为), so „that , such„that, now that, thanks to, owing to, result in , result from, give rise to(引起), due to, because of, as a result of, because of, through , by, with, consequently, therefore, accordingly(相应地), be brought out by, attribute to (归因于), contribute to (做贡献), lead to, cause, in order that etc. 2.5.5 真题解析
例1)(M: What happened to you? You are so late.
W: The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital, and I had to walk from there.
Q: Why was the woman so late?
A) Something went wrong with the bus.
B) She took somebody to hospital.
. C) Something prevented her from catching the bus.
D) She came on foot instead of taking a bus. (CET98-1)
答案是A。公交车broke down，所以说车出了毛病，在医院门前出毛病不是主要信息，
是干扰项，B项不能选。
例2). W: Jack, I can‘t find Volume Ten. Could you check for me who borrowed it?
M: Here it is, on the upper shelf, next to Volume Two.
Q: Why can‘t the woman find the book?
A) It is difficult to identify. B) It has been misplaced
. C) It is missing. D) It has been borrowed by someone. (CET98-6)
答案是B。找不到第十卷，男的告诉她在第二卷旁边，可知放时没有按正确秩序。
2.5.6 同步练习
1) A) Bill was always late for work. B) Bill made a serious error in accounting. C) Bill was sick for a long time. D) Bill did not cooperate with his colleagues. 2) A) She is going to have the final exam. B) She has to study on Sunday. C) She doesn‘t like beaches D) She would rather stay at home. 3) A) She can‘t get the books she needs. B) She is required to read a lot of books.
C) She doesn‘t like reading history books. D) She does have some time to read history books. 4) A) It will be very hot. Besides, she can‘t swim. B) She doesn‘t like beach picnic.
C) She doesn‘t like picnic though she loves swimming. D) It will be too hot for a beach picnic. 5) A) To invite the man to join them. B) To ask him to help cook. C) To suggest politely that he leave. D) To encourage him to have another drink. 6) A) It is windy. B) The air in the room is fresh.
C) The room is full of stuff. D) Many people are smoking.
7) A) He doesn‘t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.
B) He doesn‘t think he is capable of doing the job.
C) He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.
D) She wants to spend more time with his family.
8) A) He liked to show off in class. B) He was the first person she met at school.
C) He had a funny face. D) He was late for school on the first day. 9) A) Because Maria doesn‘t like football. B) Because Maria fell ill.
C) Because he didn‘t have the time. D) Because he can‘t stand football.
10) A) To make the woman angry. B) To please the man‘s mother.
C) David is the man‘s good friend. D) David is good at carrying on conversations. 2.5.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: W: I was sorry to hear about Bill‘s being fired. I know he was sick a lot and that
he usually got to work late.
M: Oh, it wasn‘t that. Bill made a big error in last month‘s accounting.
Q: Why was Bill fired?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 对话中提到了Bill的三个缺点，男的说“Oh , it wasn‘t that.”否定了Bill因上
两个缺点被解雇的事实，所以理所当然应该选择第三种错误。
2) 听力原文: M: Would you like to come along to the beach with us on Sunday morning?
W: It would be fun, but I have to work on my final paper. I need to spend the
weekend at the library.
Q: Why didn‘t the woman accept the invitation?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 女的说“but I have to work on my final paper"，会让人误以为要准备考试，但final
paper等于final exam，如果熟悉学校用语的话就不会犯这个错误了。
3) 听力原文: W: I think the history course is interesting, but it‘s very difficult. I‘ll never get
through the reading list.
M: Take it easy, you‘ll find time to do that.
Q: Why is the woman worrying so much?
正确答案: B
解题思路: ―I‘ll never get through the :reading list”意思是说“要读的书太多了，我读不完。”
4) 听力原文: M: Will you come to the beach and have a picnic on Sunday?
W: No, I can‘t bear the heat out there and I can‘t swim.
Q: Why won‘t the woman go to the beach?
正确答案:A
解题思路: 这里同时有两个原因:太热、不会游泳。缺任何一个都无法正确解题，这也
是因果题的难处，要非常注意细节，一旦漏听，很少会有补救措施。
5) 听力原文: W: Well, John, I would offer you another drink, but I have guests coming and I
haven‘t even begun to prepare the dinner. Thanks for stopping by.
M: Thanks for the drink. It has been nice seeing you, too.
Q: Why did the woman mention her dinner guests?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 对话中女士说本想再给男士来一杯，但她还有客人，而且她还没有准备晚餐。
这种是常见的委婉逐客令，所以男士知趣地谢谢她的酒，并向她告辞。解题关键还是but后
的内容。
6) 听力原文: W: This room is so stuffy, I can hardly breathe.
M: I think they should ban smoking.
Q: Why is the woman complaining?
正确答案:D
解题思路: 女的抱怨空气不好，呼吸很困难，男的又建议应该禁烟(ban smoking)，可以判
断房间里有不少人在抽烟。
7) 听力原文: M: If I were you, I would have accepted the job.
. : W: I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business trips away
from my family.
Q: Why didn‘t the woman accept the job?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 因为要常出差，不愿离家，所以工作没有接受。
8) 听力原文: M: Do you know James? He‘s in your class.
W: Certainly. In fact he was the first person I got to know in my class. I still
remember the look on his face when he showed up late on the first day of
school.
Q: Why does the woman remember James so well?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 不是在校第一个见到的是詹姆斯，而是他迟到表情尴尬，而记住了他。
9) 听力原文: W: Did you watch the game yesterday?
M: I wanted to, but Maria was watching a movie on channel 5, so I watched it with
her. You know Maria, she can‘t stand football.
Q: Why didn‘t the man watch the game?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 从but后的句子看Maria在看5频道的电影，所以“我”没法子看足球赛。后
面又补充“You know Maria, she can ' t stand football.”这才是他没看足球赛的真正原因。
10)听力原文: W: I really can‘t stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If
he‘s going to be at the Christmas party, I just won‘t come.
M: I ' m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come.
Q: Why is David being invited to the party?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 注意对本题句意的理解，女的说“无法忍受大卫总是在谈话时不让别人插话”，男的说“母亲坚持要他来”。考点为“but my mother insists that he come ”，一方面注意考时尚题型“but”的使用，另一方面注意“insist”使用动词原形“come”。
2.6 比较关系
2.6.1 专题总结
四级听力考试中有关比较的考题也时有出现，这类考题通过一组对话来比较两个以上的人或物的某方面。一些典型的比较句型可以出现在对话中、设问中也可以出现在四个选项，要特别注意这类题的不同句型。
2.6.2 常见提问方式
1)What do you think of…?
2)What does the woman imply about…?
3)What do we learn from the conversation?
4)What does the woman say about…?
5)How does the man feel about…?
2.6.3 解题技巧
1)考生要掌握常见的比较句式。
2)在听的过程中还要注意抓住比较的对象，才能正确地理解对话从而选出正确答案。 2.6.4 经常用来比较的表达方式
1)同级比较:as，as … not so (as)， the same…as…
This dress is the same style as that one
这件衣服的款式和那件一样。
2)比较级的比较:more than/ the more…，the more…
I can‘t agree with you more.
我非常赞同你的观点。
You can never be too careful when driving.
开车时越小心越好。
He has no less than 10 tickets.
他有多达十张票。
He has not less than 10 tickets.
他至少有10张票。
He‘s no more able to read Spanish than I am.
他和我都读不懂西班牙语。
The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.
你认识的人越多，见他们的时间就越少
3)最高级的比较:The most…in…/more than any other…/ nothing (nobody, no one) is more
than…
Nothing is more important than education.
没有什么比教育更重要。
He is cleverer than any other student in his class.
他比班上其他学生要聪明。
4)选择的表达:would rather/prefer…to…/even
I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film.
我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。
2.6.5 真题解析
例1)(M:What do you think of Professor Brown‘s lecture?
W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had
expected.
Q: What did the woman say about the lecture?
A) It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.
B) It was not as easy as she had thought.
C) It was as difficult as she had expected.
D) It was interesting and easy to follow. (CET1998-1)
答案是B。录音中出现的是比较级more difficult, much修饰比较级加强语气，女士说但是演讲比我预料的要难以听懂。而正确答案用的是否定的原级比较形式，It was not as easy as she had thought(没有她想象的容易。这就增加了比较的难度。
例2)(W:You took an optional course this semester, didn‘t you? How is it going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the course?
A) He wishes to have more courses like it. B) He finds it hard to follow the teacher.
C) He wishes the teacher would talk more. D) He doesn‘t like the teacher‘s accent.
(CET2002-6)
答案是B。男士说:似乎教授讲的越多，我越不明白。即他跟不上教授的课。 the 十比较级„„， the，比较级„„，这一句型表示―越„„越„„”。考生只有很熟悉这种句型，才能在很短的时间内选出正确答案B。
2.6.6 同步练习
1) A) Some people pretend to know what they really don‘t.
B) What the man said is true.
C) What the man said is wrong.
D) She knows more than the man does.
2) A) The apples are not in season.
B) The apples might not be so good.
C) The apples are very good.
D) The apples are as good as they look. 3) A) He is likely to help.
B) He has already asked for help.
C) He doesn‘t know a lot about computers.
D) He was the last one to use the computer. 4) A) She met some friendly people.
B) She had fine weather.
C) The hotels were not good.
D) She didn‘t know anybody there.
5) A) Apples. B) Oranges. C) Dessert. D) Bananas. 6) A) He likes the white dress.
B) He doesn‘t like either.
C) He likes the black and white silk.
D) He likes the both.
7) A) Camping is a more enjoyable way.
B) Camping is the most enjoyable way.
C) Camping is both healthy and enjoyable. D) There are fewer pleasures in camping.
8) A) The woman is not careful at all this time. B) The woman is most careful this time.
C) The woman has never been careful.
D) No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough. 9) A) Economist. B) Political Science.
C) Both Economics and Political science. D) Neither. 10) A) He hasn‘t had time to try it on yet.
B) It doesn‘t fit him very well.
C) He needs a long-sleeved shirt.
D) He‘s not sure he likes the pattern.
2.6.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文:M:Some people know a lot more than they tell.
W: Unfortunately, the reverse is also true.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案:A
解题思路:男士说有些人知道的比他们说出来要多，女士说不幸的是反过来说也对，也就
是说有些说的比他们知道的多，即不知却假装知道。
2) 听力原文:W: I intended to buy some fruit for the children. These apples seem to be in season.
I‘ll get two dozen.
M: I hope they‘re as good as they look.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案:B
解题思路:男士意思是他希望苹果能像看上去那么好。隐含的意思便是很可能没有看上去
的好。
3) 听力原文:M: I thought Bob might be able to help me figure out this computer program.
W: Bob is about the last person I‘d ask if I were you.
Q: What does the woman imply about Bob?
正确答案:C
解题思路:用 the last …who / that 来表示否定的含义。女士的话的意思是“如果我是你，
我才不会去请教Bob呢”。
4) 听力原文:M: Welcome back. How was your vacation?
W: Just fine. We had only one good day as far as the weather was concerned. But
the hotel was beautiful, and I‘ve never known friendlier people.
Q: What does the woman imply?
正确答案:A
解题思路:关键听懂I‘ve never known friendlier people(完全否定词never与比较级连用是
为了加强语气，表示肯定的含义。女士说她从来没有见过那么友好的人们
5) 听力原文:M: What would you like to have for dessert, apples or oranges?
W: I‘d like to have oranges rather than apples. But usually I prefer bananas to
anything else.
Q: What didn‘t the woman want to have for dessert?
正确答案:A
解题思路:问她是要苹果还是桔子，她回答是桔子。不过她最喜欢的还是香蕉。因为问题
问的是这次她不要什么，答案当然就是苹果。
6) 听力原文:W: Which of these sweaters do you like better?
M: That is not an easy question for me to answer, since white isn‘t my favorite
color and the other one is too fancy for me.
Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man‘s answer?
正确答案:B
解题思路:对话中根本未出现wool和 black and white silk，A, C明显是干扰项而答案就
在B、D这一对相反的答案项中。男士的回答说明他不怎么喜欢白色，而另外一件太花哨了，
所以正确答案是B。
7) 听力原文:W: In summer there are fewer greater pleasures than those of camping.
M: That‘s true. Camping is by far the healthiest way to spend a holiday, and it is
also as enjoyable as any other kind of holiday.
Q: What‘s the man‘s attitude towards camping?
正确答案:C
解题思路:男士不但肯定露营是最健康的度假方式，而且也非常有趣，这里用了比较级
greater than„，最高级the healthiest和同级比较as…as…。
8) 听力原文:W: I was driving carefully during the rain at night but still, I hit a tree.
M: You can never be more careful.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案:D
解题思路:never与比较级连用表示肯定的意思。 You can never be more careful. (你无论如何谨慎都不为过)。
9) 听力原文:M: Rick got an A in economics and only a C in Political Science.
W: But he still thinks that Political Science is less complicated than Economics.
Q: Which subject does the Rick think is more difficult?
正确答案:A
解题思路:虽然经济学得了A, 而政治只得了C，但他依然认为政治没有经济难懂.也就是
说他认为经济学更难
10) 听力原文:W: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet?
M: That reminds me. I‘ve been meaning to exchange it for a larger size.
Q: What does the man imply about the shirt?
正确答案:B
解题思路:男士说他一直想换一件尺寸大点的，从中可知这件衬衣不合其身。
2.7 赞成与否定
2.7.1 专题总结
赞成和否定关系题主要考查英语中否定的表达，这类题目有一定的难度(只不过要熟悉
有关赞成和否定的单词，短语和固定表达方式，一切问题都能迎刃而解(这种题型最大的特
点是含义是否定的，但不出现任何否定词，及表面是肯定的，实际意义是否定的(此外，一
方提问,另一方答话中带有否定词，如wouldn‘t, don‘t, isn‘t 等,但却不是对谈话的中心议题的
否定，成为否定的转移，即虚假的否定(
2.7.2 常见提问方式
1) What do we learn from this conversation?
2) What are the speakers talking about?
3) What does the woman mean?
4) What is the man‘s opinion about…?
5) What will the woman probably do?
6) How did the woman feel about…?
7) What did the man say?
2.7.3 解题技巧
1)注意双重否定，双重否定表示肯定意义，如:not impossible, not untrue, can‘t agree…more,
not unusual, not single…absent, no one …not等(
2)注意听部分否定，当all, every, many, always等与not同时出现在一句话中时，构成部
分否定(或部分肯定)，意思是―并非全部，不是每一个‖等(
3)注意虚拟语气，虚拟语气表达的内容在事实上不存在的，及对所表达的内容是否定的(
4)值得注意的是,有时否定并不靠词或短语表达，而是通过语气.比如反意问句也是否定
表达方式(另外,but引导的句子实际上暗含了对前面的否定(
2.7.4 表示赞成和否定的表达方式有
1) 表赞成:yes, sure, of course, thanks, right, That‘s a good idea, please do, out of question, no problem, I can‘t agree more. That‘s how I feel. That‘s what I am thinking of. That‘s for sure. Definitely, absolutely, no doubt, by all means等(
2) 表不赞成、不完全赞同或反对的有:no, not really, not likely , sorry, I‘m not sure, please don‘t, I am afraid not, not at all, no way, I can‘t agree less. You can‘t be serious. You must be kidding. Not if I can help. out of the question等(
3) 一些短语、句型等可以含蓄的表达否定的意义有:never, scarcely(几乎不), seldom, rarely(几乎不), hardly, barely(几乎不), unnecessary, unbelievable, little, no one, nobody, none,
nothing, neither, nor, dislike, ignore(忽视), fail, refuse, hate, stop„from ,miss, deny, overlook(忽略), keep„from, far from,(绝非), anything but(根本不), without, instead of , run out of(用尽;耗尽), short of, too„to„, rather than(而不是), prefer…to, beyond等 (
2.7.5 真题解析
例1) M: I sent a letter to make a reservation for a single room a few days ago.
W: I‘m sorry; your request arrived too late. There are some conferences in town this week
and we‘re full up.
Q: Are there any spare rooms at the hotel?
A) No, all the rooms are taken. B) Yes, there is a double room.
C) Yes, there are some spare rooms. D) Yes, there is a single room. (CET91-6)
答案是A。关键词是we‘re full up(客满)。
例2) W: How were you getting on with your essay, Mary? I‘m having a real hard time with
mine.
M: Well, after two sleepless nights I‘m finally through with it.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
A) The man thought the essay was easy.
B) They both had a hard time writing the essay.
C) The woman thought the essay was easy.
D) Neither of them has finished the assignment yet. (CET00-6)
答案是B. 男士问Mary的论文进展如何，而且告诉Mary他自己确实费了不少工夫。
Mary回答说，经过两个不眠之夜后，她终于完成了论文。由此可知，两人写论文都费了不
少力气。
2.7.6 同步练习
1) A) He wants a copy of the article.
B) It doesn‘t matter to him.
C) The article is much difficult to understand.
D) The woman shouldn‘t have any trouble with the copies.
2) A) Once it starts raining, it‘ll rain a lot. B) They are ready to catch the train. C) It has been raining for some time. D) The train has just started off. 3) A) He will come to this Mexican restaurant again. B) He thinks the smell there is good. C) He loves the food there. D) He will never come to the Mexican restaurant at any time.
4) A) She thought they were expensive. B) She thought they were cheap. C) She liked the books. D) She didn‘t like the books.
5) A) The man asked why he should offer a hand. B) The man was sure about the hand.
C) The man was willing to help. D) The man didn‘t like to help.
6) A) She agrees to lend him the car. B) She offers him the car. C) She refuses to lend him the car. D) To a restaurant. 7) A) Do her homework. B) Clean the backyard. C) Wash clothes D) Enjoy the beautiful day. 8) A) She felt it was tiring. B) She felt it was very nice.
C) She thought it took less time. D) She thought it was expensive. 9) A) Ed likes music very much. B) He wants to give ED other kinds of gift.
C) A record is too expensive. D) Ed is not a musician. 10) A) He didn‘t like any fruit.
B) He wanted other kinds of fruit.
C) He liked banana more than any other fruit.
D) He liked all sorts of fruit except for apple and orange.
2.7.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: W: Would you like a copy of this article?
M: Thanks. If it‘s not too much trouble.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 当一人提出建议而另一人赞同时，往往用thanks;如果有反对意见则常用No,
thanks.
2) 听力原文: M: I think it‘s starting to rain.
W: Starting to rain? The ground is already wet.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 疑问句的语气也是解否定题型的一个重要依据。这表现在以疑问的形式重复前
面一人所说的话。“The ground is already wet.”起到补充的作用，万一前面信息漏听可用此
补救。
3) 听力原文: W: The food is terrible and I can‘t stand the smell there.
M: At no time would I come to this Mexican restaurant again.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 女的抱怨这个餐馆的食物太糟，男的接上一句“以后再也不来了”，说明是赞同女的看法。
4) 听力原文: M: I paid fifteen dollars for three books; I think they‘re too expensive.
W: Expensive? You shouldn‘t say that.
Q: How did the woman feel about the book‘s price?
正确答案:B
解题思路: 男的说书太贵,女的反问―太贵?‖ 意见很明显, 说明她不认为书贵.
5) 听力原文: W: Would you be kind enough to give me a hand?
M: Sure. Why not?
Q: What do you learn from this conversation?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 解题关键是熟悉赞同信号词sure , why not。
6) 听力原文: M: Can I use your new car, Auntie?
W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully.
Q: What‘s the aunt‘s answer?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 女的说Yes表示同意，条件是要小心开车，不是主动借给他，不是拒绝，也不是乐于借车，而只是A项agrees to lend(同意借)。
7) 听力原文: M: It‘s such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy
it?
W: I‘d love to. But there‘s a lot of laundry to do.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
正确答案: C
解题思路: I‘d love to 表示意愿，但随后的but引导的句子则表示事实。事实就是要洗衣服(laundry to do) ，即 clothes to wash。
8) 听力原文: M: Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train?
W: No, we didn‘t mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it
was much cheaper.
Q: How did the woman feel about coming back by coach?
正确答案:B
解题思路: 此题解题的第一个依据是女的说“No , we didn‘t mind at all.”第二个依据则是but后的内容。要牢牢记住but后面的内容往往是解题关键。
9) 听力原文: W: Should we get Ed a record for his birthday?
M: Just because he‘s a composer doesn‘t mean he only likes to listen to music.
Q: What did the man say?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 从男的话语中可以知道Ed是个音乐家，但句中的doesn‘t mean , only 都反映了男士对送Ed音乐唱片的态度。这种否定相对较委婉，需要认真体会。
10) 听力原文: W: What kind of fruit would you like, apples or oranges?
M: Neither. Actually, I prefer bananas to any other fruit.
Q: What did the man mean?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 本句中neither是个关键词，由这个词可知，男士既不喜欢苹果也不喜欢橘子，再加上最后一句话可知，他最喜欢香蕉。
2.8 虚拟语气
2.8.1 专题总结
四级听力考试中有不少是通过条件句来表达建议、想法、结果和趋势等。因此，能正确理解和抓住说话者所要表达的真实意图至关重要。如果是虚拟语气，那么条件是假设的，结果也是不真实的。听力中的虚拟语气是听力几种题型中比较难的一种，因为所有解题都得靠听来获取信息，一旦漏听或听错关键词，句子的难度就增大。当然，与语法词汇题不同的是听力中的虚拟语气题通常是did型虚拟式。
2.8.2 常见提问方式
1)What does the woman mean?
2)What will the man do?
3)What is true about…?
4)What can we learn from the conversation? 2.8.3 解题技巧
1) 熟悉掌握虚拟语气的语法知识，听的过程中才能对虚拟语气有敏感的反应(
2) 虚拟语气出题的基本思路往往是反着给答案，即经常倾向于选择与对话原文的意思相反的选项(
3) 考生既要了解和辨别虚拟语气的基本结构，还要理解虚拟语气句中所包含的假设意
义(
4) 此外，考生还应该有时态观念，不要简单地按照―反着给答案‖的思路去做任何时态不
同的题目(
2.8.4 听力中常见虚拟语气的形式
1) wish + 宾语从句
与现在情况相反 过去时
I wish that I didn‘t have to go to work today.
I wish I were a bit taller.
与过去情况相反 过去完成时
I wish I hadn‘t said that.
I wish I had never got involved in the whole affair.
与将来情况相反 情态动词的过去式+动词原形
I wish you would listen to your teacher‘s advice.
I wish I could do something for you in return.
I wish you wouldn‘t smoke in public places. 2) if 引导的条件从句中的虚拟语气
(1)从句 主句
与现
Past tense would/should/could/might +do(动词原形)
在情
If I were you, I would not miss this opportunity. 况相
反 If he were here, I would explain to him myself.
(2)Past perfective would/should/could/might + have+ done
与过
If he hadn‘t missed the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 去情
况相If he had brought a map with him, he wouldn‘t have got lost. 反
(3)Were to/should +do(动词原形) would/should/could/might + do(动词原形)
与将
If I were to do this, I would do it in a different way. 来情
况相If he should refuse to appear in court, he might be held guilty. 反
用于含蓄的条件句中的虚拟语气 3)
But for/without your help, I couldn‘t have achieved anything.
Anyone who should violate the law would be punished.
In different circumstances, I might have agreed.
Born in better times, he would have done credit to the profession of letters.
4) If only…引导的感叹句:
If only I knew her address.
If only I had enough money with me.
If only she had listened to my advice.
5) .用在固定的句型中:
It is (high) time that„+ past tense(过去时)„
It is time we went to bed.
It is about time you made up your mind.
I would rather/ sooner that…+past tense过去时)…
I‘m told that they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train.
2.8.5 真题解析
例1)W: I‘m thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it‘s worth seeing?
M: Well. I wish I had been there.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man is planning a trip to Austin.
B) The man has not been to Austin before.
C) The man doesn‘t like Austin.
D) The man has been to Austin before. (CET98-6)
答案是B。男的说但愿自己去过，是虚拟语气，表示他没有去.
例2)M: Prof. Kennedy has been very busy this semester. As far as I know, he works until
midnight everyday.
W: I wouldn‘t have troubled him so much if I had known he is so busy.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The Woman has trouble getting along with the professor.
B) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor‘s time.
C) The Woman knows the professor has been busy.
D) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble. (CET00-6)
答案是B. 等她知道教授忙,但已经打扰过人家了,所以后悔了.
2.8.6 同步练习
1) A) She‘s willing to lend her bicycle. B) She refuses to lend him her bicycle.
C) She doesn‘t have a bicycle. D) She has lent her bicycle to someone else. 2) A) The woman will help him. B) He wants the woman to help him. C) The woman has helped him. D) The woman would help him as if he had wanted. 3) A) The weather was quite bad. B) The weather was too hot.
C) It was cold during spring festival. D) It was not cold during spring festival. 4) A) She would go with him. B) She would stay at home. C) She would go with the kids. D) She would visit their friends. 5) A) He was confident. B) He was comfortable.
C) He lacked confidence. D) He performed well in the interview. 6) A) She knows the discussion. B) She knows the meaning of life. C) She wants to join the man‘s association. D) She regrets having not discussed with them. 7) A) They will take the translation work even if they had taken the night class. B) They will not accept the translation work because they do not have enough time. C) They will not accept the translation work even if they hadn‘t taken the night class.
D) They took the night class to accept the translation work.
8) A) The woman has finished her paper on time. B) The tutor has finished the paper on time.
C) The woman is writing her paper now. D) The woman is trying hard to see her tutor. 9) A) The woman would understand if she did Mary‘s job.
B) The woman would do the typing job for Mary.
C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.
D) The woman isn‘t a skillful typist.
10) A) She is going to pardon the man. B) She thinks the man is telling lies.
C) She is unhappy for the man who is late. D) She does not prefer going out by bike. 2.8.7 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: M: I wonder if I could borrow your bicycle.
W: You certainly could if I had one.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案:C
解题思路: 男的问女的借自行车，女的说“要是我有的话当然可以”, 说明女的没有自行
车，否则就无需这个虚拟语气了。
2) 听力原文: M: I really want to say thanks to you again. But for your help, I would have failed
the exam.
W: You‘re really welcome.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: C
解题思路:从男士感谢女士帮忙的事实中可以知道女的已经帮过他了。but for正是含蓄虚
拟语气的典型形式。
3) 听力原文: W: What was the weather like during Spring Festival?
M: Not bad, but it would have been better had it be a little warmer.
Q: What was the weather like during the man‘s holiday?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 女的问春节间气候如何，男的说天气不错，但随之语气一转，but it would have been better had it been a little warmer，用倒装虚拟式表示天气有点冷。
4)听力原文: W: Would you like me to come with you?
M: I‘d rather you stayed home and looked after the kids.
Q: What will the woman do?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 男的说“I‘d rather you stayed at home and looked after the kids, ”意思是让女的呆在家里看孩子，所以可判断女的不会跟他走。
5) 听力原文: W: Why did Peter fail in the interview?
M: If he had been more confident, he‘d have had a chance.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
正确答案: C
解题思路: Peter 面试没有通过，男的说“要是他更自信一些, 他就能得到那个机会了。”虚拟语气表达的是相反的意思，所以说Peter不够自信。
6) 听力原文: M: We had a heated debate about cheating on car yesterday.
W: Had I known, I might have joined you.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案: D
解题思路: 此题是一个倒装虚拟式，女的说“要是我知道，我就来参加了。”说明她很遗憾没能来参加讨论。
7) 听力原文: W: I suppose we should accept the translation work, but I don‘t see how we can
afford it in the future
M: If only we hadn‘t taken a night class this week.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 此题解题要注意两点，一是女的第一句中but后所指的内容是没时间做翻译工作，男的说“要是没上夜校课就好了。”遗憾归遗憾，还是没时间，所以选B项。
8) 听力原文: M: Did you see your tutor yesterday?
W: My tutor said if I tried hard I could finish my paper on time.
Q: What is true about the woman?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 女士说“导师说要是我努力一点我能如期完成论文”，说明论文还没有完成。 9) 听力原文: W: Mary is always complaining about her job.
M: Maybe if you tried typing letters every day, you‘d see what it‘s like.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 女士说Mary总是在抱怨工作，男士说“要是你每天要打字，你会知道为什么Mary成天抱怨了。”这里的see就相当于understand。
10) 听力原文: M: But for the heavy traffic, I would have arrived an hour earlier.
W: If I were you, I would have come here by bike.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 男的因为塞车迟到了，女的说“要是我是你，我会骑自行一车来。”说明对男的行动表示不满。C以外的其他选项都不对。
2.9 推理与判断
2.9.1 专题总结
推断题要求考生在听懂对话内容的基础上，根据对话的内含、上下文线索以及关键词，
利用逻辑推理与判断去理解、领会说话人的意思和态度，领会对话的主题(考生应该学会听
懂对话双方的弦外之音，同时能通过对话人的语气与语境去猜测固定词组所表达和包含的意
思(
2.9.2 常见提问方式
1) What can we conclude from the man‘s reply?
2) What happened to…?
3) What does the man/woman mean?
4) What will the man/woman most probably do? 5) Who is the man/ woman probably speaking to? 2.9.3 解题技巧
1) 听清语调表达的意义:
升调:表示对事物的怀疑、否定和不解。
降调:表示对事物的肯定。
2) 委婉否定和虚拟语气在含义推断题中所占比例不小，所以掌握这两种语法是正确解题
的关键。
3) 第二个讲话人的具体内容往往是解题中心。
4) 需要运用一定的英语国家文化背景以及常用的习语表达方式。
2.9.4 真题解析
例1). W: Look here, darling. The paper says people tend to feel unwell if they sleep less than six
hours a day.
M: That may be true for you, but it certainly isn‘t true for me.
Q: What can we conclude from the man‘s reply?
A) He wants to have more sleep. B) His wife doesn‘t sleep well.
C) Women need more sleep than men. D) He doesn‘t need as much sleep as his wife.
(CET97-1)
答案是D。找弦外之音。男的说报上说的六个小时睡眠不能少，对妻子也许对，对自己
不对，言外之意自己不用睡那么多。
例2) . M: Let‘s see if the basketball game has started yet.
W: Started? It must be clear who is winning by now.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) She is sure who is going to win. B) Now it is a good time to start the game.
C) The game has been going on for a long time. D) The same team always wins. (CET 96-1)
答案是C。女的说，不是开始的问题，差不多是决出胜负的的时候到了, 由此可知比赛
已进行较长时间了.
2.9.5 同步练习
1) A) He enjoys reading letters. B) He has been job-hunting.
C) He is offering the woman a job. D) He is working for a company. 2) A) His mother can‘t make apple pies. B) This pie can‘t match his mother‘s.
C) His mother likes the pie very much. D) This apple pie tastes very good.
3) A) He is an awful speak. B) He gets nervous very easily. C) He is an inexperienced speaker. D) He hasn‘t prepared his speech.
4).A) The child is a boy. B) The child‘s name is Bill.
C) The child is 3 years old. D) The child is lovely. 5) A) The man is not happy with the woman‘s promise.
B) The man believes the man will play tennis with him tomorrow. C) The man played tennis with the woman yesterday. D) The man forgot to play tennis with the woman.
6) A) Jim will get well soon.
B) Jim doesn‘t like school.
C) The teacher is glad to hear that Jim can‘t come to school.
D) Jim won‘t go back to school any more.
7) A) Mothers are usually good wives. B) Mary is a very good wife. C) Mary is a considerate wife. D) Mary is both a good wife and mother.
8) A) She is too busy to go. B) She‘s willing to go swimming.
C) She doesn‘t want to wait long. D) She enjoys the wonderful weather. 9) A) Young people are too quick to make decision.
B) Young people seldom stay long on the same job.
C) Young people are too eager to succeed.
D) Young people lose their jobs easily.
10).A) He is afraid he won‘t be chosen for the trip.
B) The boss has not decided where to go.
C) Such a trip is necessary for the company.
D) It‘s not certain whether the trip will take place.
2.9.6 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: W: Hey, Mike, what‘s that you‘re reading?
M: It‘s a letter from a company where I applied for a job. They‘re offering me a job
after I graduate.
Q: What do we learn about Mike?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 信中内容是某公司提供他毕业后的一份工作，推理只能是他在谋职，不能说他
已上任(D)或喜欢读信(A)之类。
2) 听力原文: W: What do you think of the apple-pie I made it myself?
M: Very delicious indeed. Even my mother‘s can‘t match it.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案:D
解题思路: 说苹果派比他妈妈做得好，由此推断出味道好。
3) 听力原文: W: Tom looks awfully nervous, doesn‘t he?
M: Yes. I‘m afraid he is not used to making speeches.
Q: What do they think of Tom?
正确答案: C
解题思路: 从男的讲Tom不习惯演讲，可知他经验不足。
4) 听力原文: M: What a lovely girl! How old is she?
W: He‘ll be two next Thursday. His name is Bill.
Q: What does the woman in the conversation imply?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 男的夸小姑娘长得可爱，女的没有任何否定的话，只在回答中把She改成了
he，暗示小家伙是个男的。问题既然是问“暗示什么,”可见其他选项不符合要求。
5) 听力原文: W: Yesterday? I‘m terribly sorry. I thought it was today, but I‘ll play tennis with
you tomorrow. Promise!
M: Promise! That‘s what you said last time.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
正确答案: A
解题思路: 再次重复往往用来表示不满或不信任，尤其后面又补充了一句“上次你也是这
么说的。”
6) 听力原文: M: Jim has a bad cold, Miss Grey, so he must stay in bed for a week.
W: That‘s good news for Jim.
Q: What can you infer from this conversation?
正确答案: B
解题思路: Jim生病不能上学，为什么老师说“对于Jim来说是个好消息。”可见Jim不喜
欢上学。
7) 听力原文: W: What do you think of Mary?
M: She makes a better wife than mother.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 第二个人话语中的比较级说明 Mary 这个人做老婆比依母亲好.
8) 听力原文: M: Wonderful day, isn‘t it? Want to join me for: Swim?
W: If you don‘t mind waiting while I get prepared.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案: B
解题思路:当男士提议一起去游泳时，女士说，If you don‘t mind waiting when I get prepared.不难看出，女士也想去游泳，她对男士说的是一句客气话，让他等她准备一下，然后一起去。只要能正确掌握 If you don‘t mind 这个固定句型的用法，就能选出正确答案。
9) 听力原文: M: It was the third time Ranger had phoned me to say he had a new job.
W: It‘s difficult to keep a young man in one job for life nowadays.
Q: What does the woman mean?
正确答案: B
解题思路: 男士说Ranger三次来电话说有了新工作，暗示Ranger已换了三份工作了。女
士说如今让年轻人一生只干一份工作很难，可推断出Ranger是年轻人。综合起来就得出正
确答案了。
10) \听力原文: W: How many people has the boss chosen for the business trip to France?
M: Well, as far as I know, whether there‘ll be such a trip is yet to be decided.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案: D
解题思路: to be decided 表示还未决定好，所以有无此行尚未定论。
2.10 转折关系
2.10.1 专题总结
转折关系题(也称为but题)出现的频率很高，2005年6月的短对话中就有2个是这个
题型。而且转折关系几乎可能存在于其它各种题型中。这种题型的特征:第一说话人所言不甚紧要;第二说话人的答话由两部分组成，先是一个简单的短句，后接一个较长的句子，并且短句与长句子之间常用but连接。由于这一特点，考生在做题时应紧紧抓住but或其它转
折词后面的句子的意思。如果做到了这一点，正确答案的选择便会非常明显的。因为干扰项几乎总是由第一个人的话或第二个人的第一句话的用词和意思引申变化而来，而but的转折
作用使得but前后句子的意思差别和用词差别相当显著，所以考生应该很容易在所给的4个
选项中迅速排除3个干扰项，选出正确答案来。
2.10.2 常见提问方式
1) What can be inferred from the conversation?
2) What does the woman imply?
3) What does the man mean?
4) What does the woman say about…?
5) What can we assume about the man?
2.10.3 解题技巧
1)考生在做题时应紧紧抓住but或其它转折词后面的句子的意思。
2)根据but后面句子的意思排除其它3个干扰项。
2.10.4 真题解析
例1)(M:I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street, and he said he hadn‘t heard from you
for two months.
W: Yes, I know. But I‘ve been too busy to phone him.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.
B) The woman had forgotten Mark‘s phone number.
C) The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.
D) Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time. (CET2004-1)
答案D。中But题型。这种题型的答案往往出现在but后面。男士说昨天我在街上遇到
了迈克，他说他有两个月没有收到你的来信了。女士说我知道，但我太忙顾不上给他打电话了。因此答案为D。题目中A项为干扰项，很多考生由于不理解but后面的意思，很容易选错。注意对话中的短语run into“遇到，碰到”; hear from“收到某人的来信”; too…to…“太 „„
而不能”。
例2)(M: If you aren‘t doing anything particular, shall we see a new play at the grand theater
tonight?
W: Sounds great. But I‘ve got to go over my notes for tomorrow‘s midterm.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) She has to study for the exam. B) She is particularly interested in plays.
C) She‘s eager to watch the new play. D) She can lend her notes to the man.(CET2005-1)
答案是A。要正确解答这类题目，考生关键是要重点留心听录音中but前后的内容， 尤其是其后面的内容，这部分往往是本题的答案所在。浏览本题的4个选项，不难发现本 题考查的是录音中关于女士的信息，由此，我们要重点回想她所说的带but的那句话
But I‘ve got to go over my notes for tomorrow‘s midterm.(但是我要复习笔记以准备明天
的期中考试。)显然，她要复习备考，不能去陪对方看戏了。由此可见，本题的正确答案是
A。
2.10.5 同步练习
1) A) Because she has got an appointment. B) Because she doesn‘t want to.
C) Because she has to work. D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.
2) A) At home. B) At the riverside. C) At the health center. D) At his office. 3) A) The woman doesn‘t want to spend Christmas.
B) The woman is going home for Christmas.
C) The woman has not been invited to the Christmas party. D) The woman is going to spend Christmas abroad.
4) A) The first house they saw is too expensive.
B) They may save some money for the time being.
C) She is happy with the price set by the seller.
D) Less money will be spent in maintaining the house.
5) A) He will only be available in the afternoon. B) It‘s not his office hour.
C) He doesn‘t have time. D) He is too tired after class. 6) A) He‘ll repay the woman soon.
B) He hasn‘t received his financial statement yet.
C) He can‘t lend the woman any money.
D) His loan isn‘t due yet.
7) A) To make the woman angry.
B) To please the man‘s mother.
C) David is the man‘s good friend.
D) David is good at carrying on conversations.
8) A) He wonders about the usefulness of the protest.
B) He thinks the present tuition is fair.
C) He doesn‘t know how many students protested.
D) He doesn‘t know how much the school charges for tuition.
9) A) He was offered a better job. B) He received a traffic ticket. C) He works very carefully. D) He always drives through a lot of traffic.
10) A) Compare her own papers to others. B) Watch out for the usual typing mistakes.
C) Have someone else type her papers. D) Ask another person to check her work. 2.10.6 同步练习录音原稿及答案讲解
1) 听力原文: M: The students‘ English club is having a party on Saturday night. Can you come?
W: I would like to, but I work at a restaurant on weekends.
Q: Why can‘t the woman go to the party?
正确答案:C
解题思路:当听到I would like to „ ， but…句型，立刻可以判断，这位女士不能接受邀
请参加周末晚会，but后面说明原因:周末在餐馆打工。
2) 听力原文: M: Hello, this is John Hopkins at the Riverside Health Center. I‘d like to speak to
Mr. Johns.
W: I‘m sorry, Mr. Hopkins, my husband isn‘t at home. But I can give you his office
phone number. He won‘t be there until 6 o‘clock.
Q: Where does Mrs. Johns think her husband now?
正确答案:D
解题思路:But I can give you his office phone number。这句话间接表明了Mr. Johns 还在
办公室。
3) 听力原文: M: I hope you will spend Christmas with us.
W: I‘d love to, but Jack and I are going to Australia. We‘ll send you postcards from
there.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
正确答案:D
解题思路:I‘d love to, but „ 否定了男士的邀请，女士话中but部分表明他们要在国外
过圣诞。
4) 听力原文: M: Of the two houses we‘ve seen, which one do you think fits our needs better, the
first one or the second one?
W: The second one. It seems very expensive, but in the long run it will save us
money on the maintenance.
Q: What does the woman say about her choice of house?
正确答案:D
解题思路:女士在陈述选择哪一所房子的理由时有一个转折:房子虽然比较贵，但从长
远来看可以节省维修费。
5) 听力原文:,: Excuse me, Professor Hill. May I ask you a few questions?
W: Yes, of course. But I‘m sorry I have class at ten. Why don‘t you call me during
my office hours? That is 4 to 5 p.m. Monday, Thursday and Friday.
Q: Why can‘t Professor Hill answer her question now?
正确答案:C
解题思路:该题的关键在于抓住主要信息But I‘m sorry I have a class at ten。
6) 听力原文: W: Oh, about that money I lent you, isn‘t today the day you said you‘d have it?
M: Oh, my finances have been really tight this month, but all I need is a few more
days.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案:B
解题思路:女士提醒男士今天是他说好的还钱的日期。男士则说他这个月手头很紧，但
他只要几天就可以了，意即再过几天就会有钱的
7) 听力原文: W: I really can‘t stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If he‘s
going to be at the Christmas party, I just won‘t come.
M: I‘m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come.
Q: Why is David being invited to the party?
正确答案:B
解题思路:but my mother insists that he come(推断他为了使母亲高兴才邀请David。
8) 听力原文: W: The students have been protesting against the increased tuition.
M: Yes. I heard about the protest. But I don‘t know how much good it will do.
Q: What does the man mean?
正确答案:A
解题思路:男士回答说:但是我不知道有多少用处。
9) 听力原文: W: I thought you were going to drive carefully so you wouldn‘t get a traffic ticket.
M: I was, but it didn‘t work out that way.
正确答案:B
解题思路:他小心驾驶，但没有奏效，言外之意还是违章了。
10) 听力原文:M: Do you always look over your own papers for typing mistakes?
W: I usually have to do it myself. But I‘d rather have someone proofread them.
Q: What would the woman prefer to do?
正确答案:D
解题思路:But I‘d rather have someone proofread them. 但是我宁可让别人帮我校对。
3. 短对话部分综合测试
Quiz One
1) A) He couldn‘t hear everything the speaker said.
B) He couldn‘t understand anything of the lecture.
C) He left the lecture after the opening words.
D) He had not heard there would be a lecture. 2) A) The man does not have much time.
B) She wants to leave early.
C) They will have to rush if they want to be early.
D) The man does not have to hurry.
3) A) She is a kind of maid.
B) She bought them a nice gift.
C) She is very considerate.
D) She lives by herself.
4) A) His relationship with his roommate was not satisfactory.
B) He never could find a roommate.
C) His roommate never wanted to go along with him to the park.
D) His roommate was never at home at the same time he was. 5) A) Watch the woman‘s dog.
B) Tell her when five minutes have passed.
C) Watch to see if the number five is coming.
D) Take care of the woman‘s handbag.
6) A) He could have gotten a scholarship if he had worked harder.
B) He criticizes himself too harshly.
C) He has a very difficult problem.
D) The scholarship examination is unusually difficult. 7) A) He is trying to hurt the woman.
B) He is a generous person.
C) He is joking with the woman.
D) He is going to visit the Algerian ambassador. 8) A) She wants Taro to keep something for her.
B) Taro should hug her to say good-bye.
C) Taro should visit her during the summer.
D) They should communicate during the summer. 9) A) She does not feel like talking.
B) She agrees to meet the man at her home.
C) She is recovering from being ill.
D) She is tired from a long airplane trip. 10) A) The man‘s brother lived there for only one month.
B) The man put his brother‘s things in a safe place.
C) The man‘s brother is difficult to live with.
D) She never met the man‘s brother.
Quiz One 录音原稿及答案
1)原文:W: I found Dr. Salcedo‘s lecture extremely inspiring.
M: Oh, really? I didn‘t comprehend a single word.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:B
2) 原文:M:I hate to keep you waiting. Why don‘t you go on ahead?
W: Take your time. It‘s still early.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案: D
3) 原文: W: Look at what your grandmother sent us our anniversary.
M: She is so kind. I‘m sure she made that herself.
Q: What does the man say about his grandmother? 答案:C
4) 原文: W:Why did you move out of your apartment? I thought you liked being by the park.
M: I guess I never got along with my roommate.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案: A
5) 原文:W:Would you mind watching my purse for five minutes?
M: I‘d be happy to.
Q: What does the man agree to do?
答案: D
6) 原文: W:Dennis is depressed about not getting the scholarship.
M: I think he‘s being too hard on himself.
Q: What does the man say about Dennis? 答案:B
7) 原文: W: Mario said he‘s got an invitation from the Algerian ambassador.
M: Oh, really? Well, Mario is pulling your leg.
Q: What does the man say about Mario?
答案: C
8) 原文: M: Well, I guess this is good-bye until September.
W: I‘ll miss you, Taro. Please keep in touch over the summer.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案: D
9) 原文 M: If you were tired, I can take you home.
W: Thank you, I feel OK, but I‘m still getting over the flu.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案: C
10) 原文:M: Good news! My brother decided to move out at the end of this month.
W: I don‘t see how you put up with him for this long.
Q: What does the woman imply?
答案: C
Quiz Two
1) A) She was accepted into graduate school.
B) She does not understand the graduate school requirements.
C) She does not know if she got into graduate school.
C) She does not want to go to graduate school. 2) A) The man would talk too long on the telephone.
B) The man would forget to buy a birthday card.
C) The man would be rude to his mother.
D) The man might forget his mother‘s birthday.
3) A) The roommate will move out at the end of the month.
B) The roommate will moved out last week.
C) The roommate moved out two weeks ago.
D) The roommate lived there only a month. 4) A) She has a class at three o‘clock.
B) She cannot have coffee with the man.
C) She will meet the man for coffee after class.
D) She will cancel her appointment with her adviser. 5) A) He wanted to get there earlier.
B) He has to work this weekend.
C) He has to leave early to go to work.
D) He was allowed to leave work early. 6) A) It was the same speech that was given last year.
B) It was shorter than last year‘s speech.
C) It was longer and less focused than last year‘s speech.
D) It was a big improvement over last year‘s speech.
7) A) He had not known about the trip.
B) Most people like dangerous activities.
C) He does not like dangerous activities.
D) No one told him the trip would be so dangerous. 8) A) He enjoys spending time with her.
B) She does not have enough fun.
C) She knows how to have a lot of fun.
D) He enjoys helping her with homework. 9) A) She had not known about Eli‘s party.
B) She did not attend Eli‘s party.
C) Only a few people knew about the party.
D) Eli‘s apartment was too small for a party. 10) A) He can‘t find the directions.
B) The chair needs another bolt.
C) A bolt is missing.
D) The directions are incomplete.
11) A) Astrid is not as tall as the woman.
B) Astrid is taller than the man.
C) The shirt will be too short for Astrid.
D) Astrid never wears T-shirts.
12) A) She thought he did not want a convertible.
B) She thought he should wait to buy a car.
C) She did not know he wanted to buy a car.
D) She wanted to help him decide which car to buy. 13) A) Her secretary will arrange the details of her trip.
B) She will arrange to have her secretary accompany her.
C) She will not go to the conference.
D) Her secretary will go to the conference. 14) A) He wishes he received more letters.
B) His friends do not answer his letters.
C) He rarely corresponds with anyone.
D) He does not like to use e-mail.
15) A) Professor Tran let no one else speak.
B) Professor Tran did not hear the speech.
C) Professor Tran probably liked the speech.
D) Professor Tran is not a good teacher. Quiz Two录音原稿及答案
1) 原文:M: Did you find out if you got into graduate school?
W: If only they would let me know. I can‘t stand the suspense.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:C
2) 原文:M: My mother was so happy I remembered her birthday. We talked for over an hour.
W: Oh, so you did remember!
Q: What had the woman assumed?
答案:D
3) 原文:W: I didn‘t realize your roommate had moved out. When did that happen?
M: The week before last, at the end of the month.
Q: What do you know about the man‘s roommate?
答案:C
4) 原文:M: Hi, Carol! Can you join me for coffee after class?
W: I would if I didn‘t have to see my adviser at three o‘clock.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:B
5) 原文:W: I‘m glad to see you! Didn‘t know if you would be able to make it.
M: My boss let us off early for the weekend.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:D
6) 原文:W: Wasn‘t the president‘s speech better than it was last year?
M: Last year his speech was much briefer and to the point. I could barely stay awake
through it this time.
Q: What does the man say about the president‘s speech?
答案:C
7) 原文:W: I thought I might see you on the rafting trip.
M: Not everyone likes putting his life in danger.
Q: What does the man imply?
答案:C
8) 原文:W: I‘m sorry, but I have too much homework. I can‘t go to the game with you,
M: You‘re a lot of fun!
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:B
9) 原文:M: I heard there was a good party at Eli‘s. I was sorry to miss it.
W: Oh, but there was hardly enough room in Eli‘s apartment for all those people.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:D
10) 原文:W: Why do you look so puzzled?
M: I can‘t figure out how to put this chair together.
W: Didn‘t it come with directions?
M: Yes. But nowhere does it say what to do with this bolt.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:D
11) 原文:W: I think this T-shirt will fit Astrid, don‘t you?
M: Well, it fits you just fine, but Astrid is much taller.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:C
12) 原文:M: My new car arrives at the dealership next week.
W: Oh, then you did decide to get the convertible?
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:A
13) 原文:M: Are you going to the conference in Atlanta?
W: Oh! I‘m glad you reminded me. I‘ll have my secretary make the arrangements.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:
14) 原文:W: I got two letters and eighty e-mails from old friends this week.
M: Oh, really I seldom hear from anyone. But I never write either.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:C
15) 原文:W: Do you think Professor Tran liked my speech?
M: Well, if she didn‘t, she would let you know.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案:C
Quiz Three
1) A) They should take the Clairmont Bridge.
B) They should take the freeway bridge.
C) They should avoid the bridges.
D) They should drive as fast as they can. 2) A) Check the maps at the bus transfer station.
B) Pick up a map at the train station.
C) Get a bus transfer from the driver.
D) Wait for the bus across the street at the park. 3) A) He has a lot of experience.
B) He starts work early each day.
C) He is an excellent worker.
D) He is new on the job.
4) A) She doesn‘t mind if he smokes.
B) Smoking should be allowed there.
C) The man should smoke elsewhere.
D) The man should quit smoking.
5) A) A course catalog.
B) A street map.
C) A clothing catalog.
D) A restaurant menu.
6) A) He does not want to see his sisters.
B) He has more sisters than brothers.
C) He is from a large family.
D) He is the youngest in his family. 7) A) Arnold is more afraid of the water than the man is.
B) Arnold should be more aware of safety.
C) Arnold should not be afraid of the water.
D) Arnold is going to take sailing lessons. 8) A) Not buy bagels.
B) Go to Otto‘s Bakery.
C) Go to Ralph‘s Thriftway.
D) Drive to the lake.
9) A) Tracy refused to give the woman a ride to work.
B) The woman did not ride to work with Tracy.
C) Tracy and the woman have the same job.
D) Tracy starts work at seven o‘clock.
10) A) Making tea
B) Shopping for groceries.
C) Baking cookies.
D) Feeding a baby.
11) A) She should invite him to meet her parents.
B) She should go with him t the Cajun restaurant.
C) She should try cooking Cajun food.
D) She should take her parents to the Cajun restaurant.
12) A) Take Mr. Nolan‘s algebra class.
B) Drop Mr. Park‘s algebra class.
C) Ask Imelda about Mr. Park‘s class.
D) Ask Imelda to help her with algebra.
Quiz Three 录音原稿及答案
1)原文:W: I‘ve never seen the traffic so heavy. It seems to be backed up quite a ways.
M: It gets worse on the freeway every month.
W: Something must have happened on the freeway bridge.
M: It‘s usually moving a little faster on the Clairmont Bridge.
Q: What does the man imply?
答案:A
2)原文:M: Excuse me; do you know if there is a bus that goes to Sherwood Park?
W: There are maps of the bus routes at the transfer station across the street.
Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?
答案:A
3)原文:W: How is your new lab assistant doing?
M: Well, it may still be too early to tell. He does try hard, though.
Q: What can be inferred about the man‘s lab assistant?
答案:D
4) 原文:M: Do you mind if I smoke?
W: It‘s not allowed here, but there‘s a smoking lounge in the basement.
Q: What does the woman imply?
答案:C
5) 原文:M: I‘ve never been here before. Do you have any idea what to order?
W: No, but the seafood special looks good.
Q: What are the speakers discussing?
答案:D
6) 原文:M: Abdul‘s sisters are coming to visit. Can they stay with you for a few days? His
brothers are staying with me.
W: Sure. But didn‘t his sisters visit just last month?
M: That was his two elder sisters. This time it‘s three younger sisters.
W: Oh my!
Q: What can be inferred about Abdul?
答案:C
7)原文:W: I was shocked to learn that Arnold took up sailing. He can‘t swim!
M: It seems he‘s less afraid of the water than he should be.
Q: What does the man imply?
答案:B
8)原文:M: Where is the best place to buy bagels?
W: Bagels? Otto‘s Bakery is best, but I think it‘s closed today. Why not try Ralph‘s
Thriftway on Lake Drive?
Q: What will the man probably do?
答案:C
9) 原文:M: I thought you were going to ask Tracy for a ride to work today.
W: She must have already left when I called her at seven.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
答案:B
10) 原文:M: When should I add the milk?
W: After the butter and flour are thoroughly combined. Make sure there are no lumps.
Q: What are the speakers doing?
答案:C
11)原文:W: My parents are visiting this weekend, and I want to take them somewhere nice.
M: Have you tried the new Cajun restaurant in Melville?
Q: What does the man suggest?
答案:D
12) 原文:W: I need to take algebra next quarter. Both Mr. Park and Mr. Nolan are teaching it
M: I had Mr. Nolan for algebra, but his explanations were never very clear.
W: Oh, I‘m having lunch with Imelda today.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
答案:C
4. 短对话部分高频短语及习语:
4.1 短语:
call off取消 call for要求
catch sight of看见 be caught in陷入某种困境
come across偶遇 contribute to有助于
cope with应付 count on指望
crush into(车辆等)猛撞 cut short打断某人
above all 首先 after all 毕竟 access to 途径 account for解释
a case in point一个恰当的例子 anything but一点也不
as to关于 at a loss 不知所措
at home 自在 at ease with对„„感觉轻松
back up 支持 before long 不久
be bound to 肯定会 behind schedule 晚点
beyond hope 无望 by chance 偶然
by the day 按日计算 beyond compare 好极了
be no exception …不例外 by no means 绝不
depend on依靠 drop out 辍学
die out灭绝 do away with 废除 do sb. a favor帮忙 do one‘s best 尽力 drop by/in/on顺便拜访 due to由于
end up 以……告终 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 essential to 必不可少 except for除了
face to face面对面 fall a asleep入睡
fall sick生病 fall back on 依靠
for the time being暂时 free of charge 免费
full up装满 fall behind落后
fed up with对 厌倦 figure out算出 find fault with 挑毛病 for ages很长时间 focus on 集中于 hand up 挂上电话
hold on 别挂电话 have an impact on 对…有影响
hold one‘s breath 屏住呼吸 heart and soul全心全意
hold up 耽搁 head for朝…行进
hang about 闲逛 in bad taste品位差
in spite of 尽管 in detail详细地
in case万一 in harmony with 与…和睦相处 in general 总之 in one‘s favor对某人有好处
in honor of 为纪念(庆祝)… in terms of 就…而论
in question讨论/考虑当中 interfere with干涉
in the long run 从长远来看 in turn依次 involved in卷入/参与 keep an eye on照看/监视
keep on 喜欢 keep in touch with保持联系
keep body and soul together生存 keep secret保守秘密
kill time 消磨时间 on day in and day out 日以继夜
generally speaking 总的来说 get rid of摆脱 get used to习惯于 give sb. a lift 让某人搭车 give birth to产生 give rise to引起
go about 做… go to extremes走极端
get along well with与…相处融洽 go off duty下班
get nowhere毫无进展 get over恢复 lose heart灰心 learn by heart记住
join in参与 on guard against提防
turn over 移交 turn on 打开
turn off 关闭 turn down (把声音)关小，拒绝 turn to 转向 turn up 出现
turn out 结果是，生产 turn over a new leaf 重新开始
4.2 习语:
apple of one‘s eyes 掌上明珠 up in the air 悬而未决的 fair and square 正大光明的 tip of the iceberg 事物的表面 all thumbs 笨手笨脚的 at one‘s finger‘s tip 了如指掌的 at sixes and sevens 手忙脚乱地 dark horse 黑马
Every coin has two sides 事物都有两面性 go Dutch 各付各的(AA制) have words with sb 与某人发生口角 keep one‘s head 保持镇定 be up to one‘s ears/neck 工作很多 have one‘s hands full 极度繁忙 call it a day 收工，结束工作 odds and ends 零碎
birds of a weather flock together 物以类聚 Sunday dress 最好的衣服 throw cold water on 泼冷水 walking dictionary 活字典，博学之人 white lie 善意的谎言 out of this world 非常好 be all wet 完全错了 ups and downs 一波三折 on and off 断断续续地 far and few between 稀少 talk of the town 非常流行的东西,注意的焦点 on the tip of mouth 话到嘴边都忘记 give a ear to 倾听 turn a deaf ear to 置之不理 six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 read between lines 明白言外之意 leave no stone unturned 不遗余力 turn one‘s back 拒绝施与援手 by word of mouth 听说的 cry over spilled milk 无益的后悔
give sb a ring 给某人打电话 head and shoulders (above )技高一筹 at one‘s wit‘s end 黔驴技穷，穷于应付 look for a needle in a haystack 大海捞针 make yourself at home 不要拘束，随意 sth. slips one‘s mind 某人忘记了某事
第三章 听力长对话 (Long Conversation) 一、题型介绍
新四级的听力部分在原有的短对话、短文和复合式听写的基础上，又增加了长对话部分， 分值为7分。长对话是新四级的新增题型，它包含2组对话,共设有7个问题，每组对话共 200-300词，对话只读一遍，共历时约5分58秒。对话实际上是说的书面形式,增加长对 话部分体现了教育部高等教育司《教学要求》所设定的教学目标，即“培养学生的英语综合 应用能力，特别是听说能力，用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流”。
听力长对话更贴近人们的日常生活，形式灵活，题材广泛。对话双方会结合校园、面 试、公司企划等某一主题，进行较为详细的探讨。前四题是一个稍长的长对话，后三题基于 一个稍短的长对话。就出题分布而言，长对话类似于短文听力的考查，既从整体上考查对话主题、对话人物关系或对话地点场景等的理解，又结合了不同文体的特点。若对话内容为对单一事件的描述，则关注事件的起因、经过、结果等方面，这就像是记叙文的考查特点;若对话内容为同一话题的多个方面，一般选择其中几个方面进行考查，这又完全雷同于短文听力理解中的说明文;如果是争议性的话题，考点则往往可能集中到说话人的观点、意见、建议等方面，这又类似于议论文的考查模式。但是，长对话的难度明显低于短文听力，因为对话本身的特征又决定了这些内容往往会出现在文中问答交替处，尤其是问题的回答部分。就考点本身特点而言，长对话又类似于短对话，出题点也就是短对话中常见的方式或态度、反问、建议、原因、转折、虚拟条件等内容，只是对话多几个回合而已。
因此，我们可以把长对话题目看作是短对话和听力短文的结合，也可以把它视为听说技能的结合，因为几个回合的对话表现了了话语产生、深入、转换及说话者合作等诸多的英语交际技能。
二、 听力长对话测试的重点和难点
听力长对话主要测试的是考生对于谈话主要内容的理解与把握程度，如对话所讨论的主题、对话发生的地点、时间、人物关系、推理以及其他各种细节等。一般对话开始时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点，其所提的问题不是特别隐晦，选择项也不特别含混，基本都是对话中所涉及到的要点，因此，听长对话的时候，信息定位很重要，应边听边看，尽量在听的时候确定哪个选项能够最大程度地吻合。
长对话提问的问题大致可分为两类;归纳推理题和细节题。归纳推理主要包括主题和中心意思、谈话人的身份、行为以及对前后可能的行为的推测等。细节题是针对谈话的具体内容提问，一般不转弯抹角，另外还要注意反向排除题(即题目中含NOT的题型)。
由于听力长对话是大学英语四级考试新出现的题型，考生平时可能接触的不多，一开始可能会很紧张，因为内容比短对话复杂，问题也多。对于考生而言，长对话测试的难点主要体现在以下几个方面:
(1)长对话部分的信息量比较大，考生有时很难分辨出主要信息和非主要信息;
(2)在长对话听力中，考生要在理解的前提下，在十几秒钟的时间内进行必要的记忆、概括、分析、判断，其难度比较大;
(3)长对话的提问和短对话部分一样, 不是以文字的形式出现的，而是从录音中提出的，
这也增加了这部分理解的难度。
听力测试是一个复杂的过程，紧张、焦虑等心理因素也会使原来熟悉的信息变得陌生，影响考生的正常发挥。因此，考生必须充满自信，放下一切心理负担去应试。在长对话听力测试中，不必听到生词就紧张，而是充分运用推断和猜测能力。听力理解能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，平日里的勤学苦练是必不可少的。练习时要努力掌握有关词汇，熟悉单词和词组在口语中的发音。除此之外，平日里要广泛阅读，了解并掌握各门基础科学的入门知识。这样，即使只听懂了部分内容，也能根据所掌握的知识进行推理，得出正确的答案。很多考生对自己熟悉的题材感到得心应手，就是这个道理。所以要加强听力这方面的训练，只要经过一段时间的训练后，就会发现长对话比短对话容易，因为你可以根据长对话里的内容对有些没听清的内容进行猜测。
三、 听力长对话场景分类及高频词和词组
1. 校园生活场景
1)借书:
index 索引 reading assignment 阅读任务
volume (书)部，卷，册，合订本 on the upper shelf 在书架上方
a library catalogue 图书馆书目
2)教授和学生关系:
academic year 学年 instructor 讲师 associate professor 副教授
authority 专家，权威 bachelor 学士学位 credit hours 学时
credits 学分 dean 系主任 dissertation 学位论文
drop out 辍学 semester 学期 freshman 大一学生
sophomore 大二学生 junior 大三学生 senior 大四学生
issue 争论的问题 graduate 毕业生 major 专业
make-up exam 补考 scholarship 奖学金 seminar 研究班讨论会
thesis 论文 doctor‘s degree 博士学位
do research for… 做???方面的研究
I have a class at ten. 我十点有课。
finish reading one‘s research report 读完某人的研究报告
revise(improve)some parts of it 修改其中一些部分
read some papers he recommended 读他推荐的一些文章
3)同学之间交流:
stay awake 保持清醒 more attentive 更加专注的
hard to follow 很难跟上思路 book report 读书报告
make progress 取得进步 rewarding 有回报的
boring 乏味的 time consuming 费时的
two sleepless nights 两晚没睡
choose a good topic 选择一个好话题
finish the assignments 完成任务
have one‘s hands full with 很忙碌
get a full mark in math exams 在数学考试中得满分
well worth the time and trouble 值得花时间和精力
help sb. to catch up 帮助某人赶上
2.家庭生活场景
1)外出活动(看电影、逛街、参加晚会):
box office 售票处 horror film 恐怖片
ethical film 伦理片 literary film 文艺片
documentary film 记录片 western movies 西部片
dance music 舞曲音乐 detective stories侦探故事
see a different type of movie for a change 看个不同类型的片子换换口味
what to wear to the party 穿什么去参加晚会
cannot afford something new 买不起新的东西
2)外出旅行:
It is exciting to travel by air. 乘飞机旅行真令人兴奋
fly somewhere for one‘s vacation 飞到某个地方度假
go sightseeing 观光
get to the airport in time to catch the flight 及时到机场赶上航班
get one‘s flight changed 更换航班
3)家居生活、休闲:
there is a lot of laundry to do 有许多衣物要洗
paint the house 给房子油漆
go home for the summer 回家度假
pack for the summer vacation 为度暑假整理行囊
3.顾客与服务员场景
1)买票/机场:
I would like two tickets for 9 o‘clock show. 我想买两张9点演出的票。
have a ticket for 6 o‘clock flight to New York 有张6点飞往纽约的机票
I am afraid I can‘t make it. 我恐怕来不及。
all the morning flights have been booked up 所有早晨的航班都订满了
Give me two tickets for tonight‘s show please. 请给我两张今晚演出的票
complain about the poor airport service 投诉航班服务质量差的问题
2)餐馆/旅馆:
have a table for four 要一张四人的餐桌
a table near the window 靠窗的餐桌
reserve a table 预定餐桌
book a room with a bath 预定带沐浴的房间
a single/double room on the second floor 二楼的单人房/双人房 3)超市购物/邮局:
bargain 廉价商品 cashier 收银员
discount 打折 manufacturer 制造商
be of the same brand 同一品牌 nice-looking straw hat 漂亮的草帽
We sell nothing but the best. 我们只销售最好的。
You can wear it rain or shine. 不管雨天晴天都能戴它。
I‘m going to send the parcel to London. 我要把包裹寄到伦敦。
What‘s the postage for it? 邮费是多少,
4(医院或诊所
twist one‘s ankle 脚踝扭了 blood pressure 血压
checkup 体检 clinic 诊所
come down with a cold 得了感冒 diagnosis 诊断
immune to 对……免疫 infection 传染
inject 注射 physician 内科医生
pull through 安全度过 remedy 疗法
surgeon 外科医生 symptom 症状
throw up 呕吐 transplant 移植
get an upset stomach 反胃
get proper nourishment 适当营养
have a slight temperature 有点热度
make an appointment to see the doctor 约见医生
5(银行贸易
account 户头 auction 拍卖
bank balance 存款结余 bankrupt 破产
budget 预算 deposit 储蓄
withdraw 取款 sponsor 赞助
purchase 购买 transaction 交易
thrift 节省，节约 favorable balance 顺差
profit margin 盈余，赚头 buy sth. on credit 赊购
cash the check 把支票兑成现金 current account 活期存款帐户 6(运动/爱好/娱乐
1)运动:
find great pleasure in walking 发现步行的极大乐趣
take it as a kind of exercise 把它作为一种锻炼
Fishing is a good way to kill time. 钓鱼是消磨时间的一种很好的方法。
show great enthusiasm for 对……表现出极大的热情
be enthusiastic for; be crazy about 对……有极大的热情
see last night‘s match on Channel 9 在九频道看昨晚的比赛
2)闲聊:
It‘s high time we turned our attention to the problem. 该是我们关注这个问题的时候了。
I can‘t agree with you more. 我非常赞同你的观点。
the car is well maintained 这车保养得很好
the car is in good condition 车况很好
no scratches on the outside and the inside is clean too 车外没有刮痕，车内也很整洁
3)公共场合:
Tom looks awfully nervous. 汤姆看起来非常紧张。
be not used to making speeches 不习惯发表演说
an awful/inexperienced speaker 糟糕/没有经验的演说者
be terribly embarrassed 非常尴尬
7(工作
complaints about one‘s job 抱怨某人的工作
It means frequent business trips away from family. 这意味着频繁离家出差。
get bored with the same routine 对一成不变的日常工作感到厌倦
awfully dull 非常乏味的
very exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的
quite challenging 很有挑战性的
stimulating 很有刺激的
be confident about the job interview 对工作应聘很自信
8(天气
have a severe winter 严寒的冬天
clear up; light up 天放晴
enjoy the wonderful weather 享受美好的天气
9(警察与公民
case of robbery 抢劫案 heavy fine 重罚
speeding 超速 speed limit 时速限制
search for reliable witness 寻找可靠证人
This is a one-way street. 这是单行道。
Didn‘t you see the sign? 难道你没有看到路标吗,
park car in a wrong place 停车停错地方
break a traffic rule 违反交通规则
四、 听力长对话选择项所涉及内容的分类
因为听力理解的问题不是以书面形式出现在卷面上，而是在讲话内容之后才出现，所以对选择项的理解分析至关重要。观察选择项，我们可以从所给的答案选项中推测出长对话可能涉及的题材和内容，发现一些对话的背景信息，缩小谈话者的话题范围，以便在听音时有针对性，这样在听的时候可以避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。
对待选择项应采取快速阅读的方法，选择项所涉及内容主要有两大类，一是归纳推理，二是细节。下面我们将具体分以下几类，逐一说明:
1( 主题与中心意思题。选择项通常由名词短语或名词从句组成。
2( 行为和事件题。针对谈话的行为或所谈论的事物提问，选择项通常以动词或动词的非谓
语形式表示，有时也可能是句子，但选择项中通常使用表示不同的行为或动作的动词，
来表示问题的重点在行为或动作上。
3( 评论或见解题。针对谈话者的态度、观点或看法提问。选择项通常由句子组成，且多含
有 should, need, may, can, why not等词或词组;而提问的问题中通常含有诸如suggest,
think of, mean, say about, attitude, opinion等表示观点、看法的动词或名词。 4( 推理题。根据所听到的内容进行推论得出正确答案。选择项一般为完整句子，而提问的
问题中通常含有learn, conclude, infer, imply等词汇。如果是就前后的行为进行推论，提
问的问题通常是“What will the speaker probably do next?‖ 之类的句子。 5( 地点与场所题。选择项一般均由介词短语组成，而提问的问题中通常有where 等词。 6( 职业与身份题。表示谈话人的专业、从事的工作或职位等。提问的问题通常有―Who is…?‖
之类的结构。
7( 原因与理由题。选择项可以是独立完整的句子，也可以是由because引导的从句，而问
题中通常有why, reason等表示因果的词或词组。
8( 数字题。涉及到与时间、金钱、日期等有关的题目，一般要经过计算才能得出正确答案，
因此平日要熟悉数字在口语中的表达。
五、听力长对话提问的常用问句和答题技巧分析
1(主旨问句:关于长对话主题和中心思想的问句(Identifying the Topic and Main ideas)
此类问句主要考查对谈话的主题或场景的把握，常要求考生判断谈论的话题、对话目的 或提及的主要问题，一般是对话的第一题或最后一题。这类题目的常见的提问方式包括:
常用问句
What is the topic/subject of the conversation? What are the people discussing?
What is the discussion/talk/lecture mainly about? What is the speaker describing?
What is the purpose of the conversation/talk? What is the man‘s/woman‘s problem?
What would be a good title for the lecture? What is the speaker‘s main point?
What is the main idea of the talk?
答题技巧
回答此类问题时，回答内容不要太泛，超出了讲话者的意思范围;也不能太具体，属于细节而非大意。内容要准确概括，确保在长对话中被讲话者提到。
例如:
M:Hello, Sue! I‘m leaving tomorrow on vacation.
W:How nice! Where are you going?
M:Italy. I‘m leaving at 8 tomorrow morning.
W:Are you driving to the airport, or are you taking a coach?
M:Driving. That‘s about an hour. Er, I‘m arriving at the airort at 9 o‘clock and taking off at 10
o‘clock.
W:What are you going to do in Italy? Lie on the beach and get nicely sun-tanned?
M:I enjoy sunbathing on the beach. But this holiday is going to be a bit different. It‘s more of a
cultural holiday. I hope to visit some museums, art galleries, taste a bit of the food and the
drink, and experience the lifestyle of Italy. W:Sounds pretty interesting.
Question: What are they talking about?
A. Italian lifestyle. B. Holiday plans.
C. Living in Italy. D. Living in foreign countries.
简析:该题测试考生理解对话大意的能力。对话围绕休假打算展开，在多处提示考生对话的
主题:“I‘m leaving tomorrow on vacation‖, ―this holiday is going to be a bit different‖,
―it‘s more of a cultural holiday‖, 因此，我们不难判断出B为正确选项。A、C中均提
到“Italian”或“Italy‖,是干扰选项。
2(细节问句:关于长对话细节信息的问句(Comprehending Details)
此类问句主要关注对细节的把握和描述，即常说的what, when, where, how等。它通常 没有固定的提问方式,可以涉及到对话的方方面面，比如人物的特征，事情的过程或先后顺
序，做事的喜好，个人的观点态度等等，答案可以从对话中直接找到。细节问题主要有两种:一种是答案为对话细节的再现，另一种是答案为对话细节的同义转述。因此，考生要注意对话细节的其它表述方式，比如近义词的转换、同义词的转换、句型的转换、句子否定表达与肯定表达的转换等。这类题目的常见的提问方式包括:
常用问句
What does the man/woman/speaker say about ____? What does the man/woman want?
What does the ___ want/suggest/advise the ____ to do? What _____?
What type _____?
Who _____?
Where _____?
When _____?
Which ______?
How does the speaker describe ____?
How long/often _____?
How much/many ____?
What is not mentioned/said about _____?
What does _____ not include?
What is not done by ____?
What is a _____?
According to the speaker/professor, what does ____ mean? What is the definition of ____?
In this conversation, what does ____ mean?
答题技巧
回答此类问题时，内容一定要准确，不要错误重复某些词和词组，不要使用讲话者没有提到
的内容。
例如:
M:Good morning. May I help you?
W:Yes, I want to find out about the bus service between here and my home in Detroit. I came here
last week by train, but I think I want to return by bus. I like to try different ways of traveling.
M:I‘ll try to help you. Here is our schedule. It shows that we have eight buses a day that leave
Cleveland for Detroit. I think you‘ll find that the service is cheaper than the train‘s.
W:Yes, it looks as though the tickets are quite a bit cheaper than the train tickets. Why is that?
M:The bus trip takes a little longer than the train trip, and we don‘t have a dining car or a lounge.
We do have a rest room, however, and the bus is air-conditioned. The trip should be
comfortable.
Queation::Where does the conversation take place?
A(in Detroit. B. At the railroad station.
C. At the bus staton. D. At Cleveland airport. 简析:该题为地点题型。对话中虽没有直接提到―bus station‖，但女士想要乘汽车回家，向
男士询问“bus service”，男士尽力帮女士介绍每天发车的―schedule‖，即“时刻表”
及汽车上的各种服务等，由此可以推知此对话发生在汽车站。
3(原因理由问句:关于长对话原因和理由的问句(Determining Reasons)
此类问句主要关注对话内容的原因和理由，多用why进行提问，答案需要经过对对话内
容的逻辑分析推理出来。这类题目的常见的提问方式包括:
常用问句
Why is _____?
Why does ____?
Why can‘t _____?
Why does the man/woman think _____?
Why does the man/woman want _____?
Why is the man/woman concerned?
According to the speaker, why ______?
Why does the speaker mention ______?
Why are _____ known as _____?
答题技巧
回答此类问题，内容不仅要准确，还要具有逻辑性，且一定要与长对话的内容相关。
例如:
W:Excuse me, could you tell me when I could arrive in Beijing? M:Oh, you‘ll have to transfer to another train in Shanghai in order to go there.
W:I hope there won‘t be much of a delay.
M:Don‘t worry, it‘s a regular transfer. You have twenty minutes to change trains.
W:When does that train reach Beijing? I have a ticket for Romeo and Juliet tomrrow evening. I
don‘t want to be late.
M:I don‘t think there‘ll be any problem. Let me check the schedule. Your train arrives in Beijing
at 6:15.
W:Oh，good. The play doesn‘t begin until eight o‘clock. That gives me plenty of time to check in
at a hotel and get a bite to eat at a local pub. Question: why is the woman so eager to get to Beijing?
A. She wants to eat at a local pub.
B. She wants to visit the State Library.
C. She has a ticket for a play.
D. She is afraid of being late for check-in in a hotel. 简析:该题是事实状况题，同时也涉及到西方的文化背景。对话中女士说她有一张第二天晚
上的票，票是有关“Romeo and Juliet‖的，我们知道《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是英国剧作家
莎士比亚的名作，由此可知女士是想到剧院看戏，因此，C为被选答案。A、D则为
干扰选项，对话中虽提到过“pub‖和“hotel‖, 但A、D中所述原因均不是女士急着到
北京的真实原因。B项则根本未提及。
4(推理预测问句:关于长对话推理和预测的问句(Making Inferences and Predictions)
此类问句主要考查简单的逻辑推理能力。这类题目同样也是针对文章中的某句话或某个
片断，但与细节题不同的是，答案不会直接在对话中出现，而需要考生在理解对话细节之后
才能推断出。常见的提问方式包括:
常用问句
What does the man/woman/speaker imply about____? What can be concluded about _____?
What can be inferred from the talk?
What do we learn about the man/woman form this conversation? What is probably the speaker‘s job?
What is probably true about _____?
To what group of people was this talk most likely given? In what course was this lecture probably given?
What will the man/woman/speaker probably do? What will the speaker probably discuss next? What will the next lecture probably be about? 答题技巧
回答此类问题，一定要确保回答内容与长对话内容保持一致，不要使用无关的内容，无用的词组，和不合逻辑的信息。
例如:
W:Sir，you‘ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while(Is there anything I can do to help
you,
M:Well，I‘ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30‘s and 40‘s，and I‘m really
struggling(There are hundreds of books，and I just don‘t know where to begin( Question:What is the man doing?
A)Searching for reference material(
B)Watching a film of the 1930‘s(
C)Writing a course book(
D)Looking for a job in a movie studio(
简析:该题为推断题。在录音中没有直接出现Searching for reference material这个短语。我
们先从女子口中得知男子是在网上查资料(Sir，you‘ve been using the online catalogue
for quite a while)，接着根据男子所说I‘ve got to write a paper可知他查资料是为了写文
章。由此可以断定答案是A。要正确得出推理题的答案，必须以听懂为前提。 六、听力长对话的解题步骤
在听力长对话考试进行过程中，除了以上提到的基本功外，考生的临场发挥也是起着至关重要的作用。技巧性的解题步骤可以帮助考生获得良好的答题效果，通常采用的方法是:
第一，快速浏览选项，猜测出题方式。在听长对话时一定要快速浏览一下各个题目的选项，并且猜测会是什么考题，并在此基础上预测可能的问题，做到有准备地听;这样在听的过程中目的性就比较强，可以对听的信息进行有效的筛选。
第二，比较四个选择项的相同与不同之处，特别注意带有always, never, all
等强调词的选择项，要到对话中进行明确地确认;尽量标出各个选择项的重点，做到有的放矢;
第三，听力播音开始后，集中思想，尽力用心记对话的细节内容，适当做些 记录。集中精力听清短文的第一句，通常情况下第一句是短文的主题句，可能会阐明该段的中心思想。听懂第一句可以抓住短文的重要信息。此外还要听取关键词，比如事件、人物、时间、固定搭配、习语等等，这些关键词对于全文的理解非常重要。同时也要学会分辨说话者的语气、语调，所谓听话要听音，因为有时根据字面意义是无法做出正确选择的。
第四，要切记做好一定的记录，分辨每个对话者所说的内容，不可以把对话 内容张冠李戴，更不可以闭着眼睛等听完内容后再手忙脚乱地看选项。在听细节题时，可以适当地做一些笔记，大致可以记下人名、地点、时间、事情的起因、过程和结果等表达主要内容的词组、表明谈话人观点(支持、反对、赞成、怀疑等)的词组、数字(如果选择项中出现数字更应注意)、日期、年代等;如果有与选择项中完全相同(或同义词、词组)或完全不同(或反义词、词组)的表达
时，迅速在此选择项旁做标记。
第五，要学会概括内容，有时选项里会出现对话里听到的零星内容，但答案 往往是要根据听到的信息进行一定的概括。
第六，对话结束后，要集中精力听清楚问题，尤其要听清楚是否还是肯定，是涉及原因、时间、地点，还是人物等，看与自己的预测是否吻合;如有明确的答案，即刻选择;如无明确答案，可先排除明显错误的选择项，再从现在的选择项中找出正确的答案;如果还是不能确定，划问号标注，记下简短问题，以后有时间再推敲;不要耽误时间，错过下面的问题。
七、速记技巧
长对话的篇幅长、信息量大，而大脑的短时记忆容量有限，因此有目的、有选择的对有用信息进行快速记录有助于听完录音后迅速解题。
1(记录内容:数字、人名、地名、时间、关键词
2(记录文字:没有限制，用考生书写最熟练最快速的英文或中文，或中英文夹杂。 3. 记录方法:手耳眼并用(边听录音，边看选项，边做记录)
(1)记首字母。记下有用信息的首字母，但别忘了它们代表的单词的含义。
(2)使用符号
?箭头
(?)turn to right/export to/present to/lead to/give to/result in/cause/
(?)turn to left/come from/originate in/import from/receive from/come
back to
(?)go up/grow/expand/develop/rise/increase/improve/strengthen
(?)go down/drop to/decrease/reduce/descend
?数学符号
(+)and/plus/in addition to/furthermore
(-)lack/minus
(x)wrong/incorrect/bad/notorious
(,)greater/larger or more than/better than/surpass/superior to/more and more
(<)smaller/fewer/less than/worse than/inferior to/
(=)equal to/the same as/a match(rival/competitor)for sb
(?)not equal to/not match for
(?)approximately/around/or so
(?)as/because/owing to/due to/thanks to
(?)consequently/so/therefore/as a result
?标点符号
(:)say/speak/tell/declare/protest/such as/like
(?)question/doubt/ask
(括号)including/within/among/inside
(,)代替数字。如要记录数字860，000，可用此符号代替分节号后面的3个0，即860,
?其它符号
(?)correct/good/agree/support
(,)person/people
(,)and/together with/accompany
(，，)exchange/replace/mutual/each other
(?)total/the total sum
(//)stop/halt
(?)happy/glad/pleased/delighted/overjoyed
(?)sad/regretful
(><)against/conflict/confrontation
( * ) 强调
(123...)分类
(3)使用缩略语
?人名 You( Y ) Bob Smith( BS )
?地名 Beijing( BJ ) New York( NY )
?机构名 United Nation( UN ) Communist Party of China( CPC )
?其它 Four modernizations( 4m) Opening Reform( OR ) Five-year Plan( 5yP )
八、同步练习
Directions:In this exercise, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,
a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be
spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read
the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer.
Test One
Conversation 1
1. A. It can resist earthquakes. B. It is easy to move away.
C. It cart keep away cold. D. It can keep sunshine out. 2. A. Because they are the warmest. B. Because they can withstand hard ware.
C. Because they don't get stuck in the snow. D. Because the temperature is only 14? below zero.
3. A. They are thrown away after being used. B. They will be built in the future.
C. They can be used for about 5 years. D. They can be built in a few years.
4. A. By attending her professor's lectures. B. By surfing on the internet.
C. By consulting documents in paper departments. D. By preparing for her presentation.
Conversation 2
5. A. More buffalo(水牛) are surviving the winter.
B. Fewer buffalo are dying of disease.
C. More buffalo are being born. D. Fewer buffalo are being killed by hunters. 6. A. She is from Wyoming. B. She needs to earn money.
C. She has been studying animal diseases. D. Her thesis adviser is heading the project. 7. A. Collecting information about the bacteria. B. Working on a cattle ranch (牧场).
C. Writing a paper about extinct animals. D. Analyzing buffalo behavior.
Test Two
Conversation 1
1. A. college teachers.
B. Maintenance workers.
C. Students* parents.
D. Laboratory supervisors.
2. A. One hour each day only. B. Three and a half hours only.
C. As much time as necessary. D. Enough time to do assignments.
3. A. The machine hasn't been yet been repaired. B. The students forget to reserve their terminals. C. The supervisor won't observe the regulations. D. The students stay at the terminal too long. 4. A. Invite the lab supervisor to attend class. B. Repair the laboratory in a new way.
C. Prepare a notice to give out in class. D. Add more terminals to the laboratory. Conversation 2
5. A. Art.
B. French.
C. Chemistry.
D. German
6. A. Doing some photography and travel. B. Going to concerts quite frequently.
C. Playing traditional jazz and folk music. D. Going to the theatre now and then.
7. A. Experience a thorough training. B. Get off the trainee schedule.
C. Know how to work with people.
D. Know about all aspects of the work.
Test Three
Conversation 1
1. A. You must return it immediately. B. You must return it within 7 days after the due date. C. You must return it within 7 days of the recall notice. D. You must return it as soon as possible.
2. A. Telephone the person. B. Give the person a fine.
C. Send the person E-mails.
D. Give it to his teacher.
3. A. Go running.
B. Go and get her library card.
C. Go to class.
D. Go and get some books.
Conversation 2
4. A. To choose a topic for a term paper. B. To type some research materials.
C. To get material not available at the main library. D. To learn to use the computers there. 5. A. An analysis of early presidential results. B. A comparison of political journals and newspapers. C. The use of computers in calculating election results. D. The impact of TV on recent presidential election. 6. A. It is quite general. B. It should be changed.
C. It is closely related with information in newspaper. D. It'll take a short time to find the relevant materials.
7. A. He travels to that library to get it. B. He pays a little money to use it.
C. He reads it in the graduate school library. D. He orders it from the publisher.
Test Four
Conversation 1
1. A. Mary put the wallet in her handbag. B. Mary put the wallet at the office.
C. Mary put the wallet in her own room. D. Mary put the wallet at the student's union. 2. A. He always leaves his possessions in the office. B. He always puts his possessions back in the same place. C. He always imagines what the place looks like. D. He always keeps his possessions with him. 3. A. She's missing. B. She keeps getting lost.
C. She can't remember the incident. D. She can't get organized.
Conversation 2
4. A. To apply for a student loan. B. To discuss a decision he has to make.
C. To ask for a letter of recommendation. D. To find out which colleges accepted him. 5. A. The laboratories are not well equipped. B. The classes are too large.
C. It's too expensive. D. It's too far away from home.
6. A. It has a beautiful campus. B. Professors regularly publish their results. C. It's in an urban setting. D. Faculty members interact with students. 7. A. To investigate borrowing money for college. B. To choose a new major.
C. To accept an internship at the state university. D. To look for a job as a biologist.
Test Five
Conversation 1
1. A. a captain B. a movie C. a blanket D. a story
2. A. Absurd. B. Fantastic. C. Exciting. D. Boring.
3. A. Comedy. B. Science fiction. C. Western.. D. Tragedy.
Conversation 2
4. A. How to care for precious metals. B. A standard unit for measuring weight.
C. The value of precious metals. D. Using the metric system.
5. A. Check the accuracy of scales. B. Calculate the density of other metals.
C. Observe changes in the atmosphere. D. Measure amounts of rainfall.
6. A. Someone spilled water on it. B. Someone lost it.
C. It was made of low quality metal. D. The standard for measuring had changed.
7. A. It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. B. It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. C. It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.
D. It is too high for such a light weight.
Test Six
Conversation 1
1. A. It has so many buildings. B. It's so large.
C. It's so hard to get familiar with. D. It takes time to get around.
2. A. They are trying to work out the layout of the campus B. They are trying to locate the Darwin Building on the map. C. They are going to attend their biology class. D. They are talking about their first impression of the university.
3. A.10:00 B.10:45 C.10:15 D.10:30 Conversation 2
4. A. Read newspapers from Chicago. B. Turned on the computer.
C. Checked his e-mail. D. Went to his office.
5. A. She lives in San Francisco. B. She is going to celebrate her birthday.
C. She will go to the station to meet his brother. D. She works in Chicago.
6. A. His sister told him. B. His father sent him the message.
C. He got the news from his brother. D. He read it from the newspaper
7. A. At the man‘s house.
B. In the man‘s office.
C. At the airline reservation agency. D. At an Internet site.
Test Seven
Conversation 1
1. A. Go to summer school.
B. Take a vacation.
C. Stay at home.
D. Earn some money.
2. A. They hired someone to stay in their home. B. They left their pets with their neighbors. C. They rented their house to a student. D. They asked their gardener to watch their home. 3. A. Walking the dog.
B. Cutting the grass.
C. Watching the children.
D. Feeding the fish.
Conversation 2
4. A. It was the wrong size.
B. The fabric was coming apart.
C. It shrank a lot.
D. It was the wrong color.
5. A. Give him a discount.
B. Exchange the item.
C. Give him store credit.
D. Return his money.
6. A. The man didn‘t follow the washing instructions.
B. It‘s a clearance item.
C. It‘s more than six days. D. The man washed it.
7. A. The store clerk eventually gave the customer a refund.
B. The customer was able to exchange the item.
C. The customer left the store without the item. D. The customer accepted a store credit.
Test Eight
Conversation 1
1. A. To improve his skating techniques. B. To take a vacation.
C. To take a course. D. To learn to ski.
2. A. Because her sister lives there. B. Because she attended college there.
C. Because she lives thirty minutes from there. D. Because she visited there last year.
3. A. The low humidity. B. The changing climate.
C. The high altitude. D. The extreme temperatures.
Conversation 2
4. A. The difficulty in finding some books. B. How far it is to the library.
C. The amount of reading they must do. D. How much they don't like the books.
5. A. A speed reading class. B. An American novels class.
C. A library skill class. D. A class on literary criticism.
6. A. Go to the library.
B. Head for class.
C. Return to the dorms.
D. Start reading.
Conversation 3
7. A. Because she wanted to know if everything was OK with her parents. B. Because she wanted to invite her parents to Billy's birthday party. C. Because she wanted to tell her parents that everything was OK with her children.
D. Because she wanted to tell her parents that Tom was given a raise. 8. A. One son and one daughter.
B. Two sons and one daughter.
C. One son and two daughters. D. Two sons and two daughters.
9. A. On May 24th.
B. Not mentioned.
C. On May 23rd.
D. In July.
Conversation 4
10. A. He is a salesman and this time he is selling himself.
B. He has just lost his job and now is in great need of new one.
C. He is an honest, flexible and easy-going person.
D. He worked once as an administration personnel. 11. A. He hopes to get an offer of a better position.
B. He doesn't like the glass ceiling in his office.
C. He was fired and couldn't continue to work.
D. He feels it is an advancement to get this new job. 12. A. He is hardworking, responsible and diligent.
B. He is qualified with his graduate school training combined with his internship.
C. He possesses the "can-do" spirit.
D. He is good at motivating people and leading them to work together as a team.
13. A. When people are not receptive to new ideas.
B. When he comes into conflict with his colleagues.
C. When he can't get his point across.
D. When it is impossible to learn or to grow in his field. Conversation Five
14. A. To hand in a research paper.
B. To attend his lectures regularly.
C. To answer 100 multiple-choice questions.
D. Either to write a paper or to take a final examination. 15. A. English.
B. Psychology.
C. Politic Science.
D. Chemistry.
16. A. An essay examination.
B. An objective examination.
C. An open-book examination.
D. A take-home examination.
17. A. Preparing herself for the exam.
B. Informing her classmates about the exam.
C. Collecting materials for writing a paper about her field.
D. Giving a report on the current trends in the foreign policy of the United States.
Test Nine
Conversation 1
1. A. He didn‘t have a clear idea of the complete service.
B. He wanted the best service.
C. He just wanted his hair cut the way he likes.
D. He wanted his hair to be trimmed quickly.
2. A. Your hands look good. B. Your hair is in good condition.
C. You have a good beautician to serve you. D. You can relax.
3. A. To a business convention is town. B. To meet his clients.
C. To deal with workplace accidents. D. To be interviewed for employment.
Conversation 2
4. A. film star.
B. A pop singer.
C. A swimming star.
D. A famous writer.
5. A. She cannot win any international competition. B. She is too old for swimming.
C. She cannot compete with other. D She has hurt his legs.
6. A. She has missed a lot of things in growing up. B. She misses swimming very much.
C. She needs to win more cups. D. She wants to visit other countries.
Conversation 3
7. A. Salt Lake City, USA
B. New York City, USA
C. Helsinki, Finland
D. Stockholm, Sweden
8. A. He asked for a specially-prepared dinner. B. He wanted an aisle seat.
C. He requested a bassinet for his baby. D. He asked for a seat near the front of the plane.
30 am. B. At 555 pm. 9. A. At 8::
C. At 1000 am. D. At 435 pm. ::
Conversation 4
10. A. He visited it in person.
B. He learned from a friend about it.
C. He read of it in a magazine.
D. He knew the sculptor.
11. A. They are very expensive.
B. They weigh very much.
C. They are made of pieces of aluminum.
D. They have triangles all over.
12. A. It was too expensive.
B. It was too heavy to hang.
C. It was not pretty.
D. It was easy to get rotten.
Conversation 5
13. A. Current issues in economics.
B. Choices faced by conservationists.
C. A recent biology lecture.
D. Topics for a research paper.
14. A. Because she's writing research papers.
B. Because she's working on a conservation project.
C. Because she's studying for exams.
D. Because she's doing her biology homework. 15. A. A scarcity of jobs in their field.
B. Inadequate training in methods of biological research.
C. Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls.
D. A lack of funding for their work with endangered species. 九、冲刺练习
Exercise One
Conversation 1
19. A. The commentator made it very dull.
B. The game was exciting.
C. It was between the Gunners and the Wolves.
D. It was won by the Wolves.
20. A. 1 goal. B. 2 goals.
C. 3 goals. D. 5 goals.
21. A. A team member called Blake was injured.
B Christmas was coming.
C. They can't score many goals.
D. They still have some influence from Blake. Conversation 2
22. A. The size of the campus.
B. The city bus system.
C. The length of time for each class.
D. The university bus system.
23. A. The entire campus.
B. Part of the campus.
C. The campus and the city.
D. Only the off-campus areas.
24. A. Nothing. B. Three dollars.
C. A few cents. D. Fifty cents.
25. A. Red. B. Green.
C. Yellow. D. Blue.
Exercise Two
Conversation 1
19. A. A story in prose.
B. A poem that rhymes.
C. A translation of a short literary work.
D. A journal about the process of writing.
20. A. Because the class has been assigned to read French books.
B. Because he was able to read it in French.
C. Because he isn't sure it's available in English.
D. Because he thinks it's an example of what the professor wants.
21. A. It's pronounced differently in French and in English.
B. The English words leaving it are different from the French ones leaving it.
C. Every word in the French author's book contains it.
D. It's commonly used in English to make poetry rhyme. Conversation 2
22. A. A newspaper.
B. The government.
C. A construction firm.
D. A private company.
23. A. He preferred to work for the government.
B. Somebody asked him to work for the government.
C. He spent three years working for the government.
D. An advertisement on the Internet helped him get the job with the government.
24. A. His wife likes him to work for a firm.
B. He prefers working for the government.
C. Self-employed work is very demanding.
D. Self-employed work is sometimes insecure. 25. A. The low efficiency in the government drove him mad.
B. His wife's salary isn't high enough to support the family.
C. Self-employed work requires more self-discipline.
D. They are going to have a baby.
Exercise Three
Conversation 1
19. A. To see his tutor for help.
B. To help the woman with her report.
C. To find some materials for his essay.
D. To read books on the effect of smoking by parents on their children.
20. A. The computer doesn't work properly.
B. Peter is writing an essay on environment.
C. Mary is much better than John in using computers.
D. Peter is taking a computer class which is helpful. 21. A. Standing in the queue.
B. Waiting for a free computer.
C. Ask his tutor to recommend him some books.
D. Use the computer to find the needed information. Conversation 2
22. A. On television.
B. At registration.
C. In class.
D. At work.
23. A. Students are not required to attend regular class lectures.
B. The professor videotapes class lectures for review.
C. Classes are held at various locations throughout the area.
D. Students receive credit for work experience. 24. A. It allows them to meet students from other universities.
B. It promotes the concept of self-learning.
C. It allows more flexibility in students' schedule.
D. It doesn't require any examinations.
25. A. It requires too much traveling.
B. It limits interaction among students.
C. It will increase class size.
D. It will encourage students to watch too much television. 十、听力原文与答案
1. 强化练习
Test One
Conversation 1
M: Last time we talked about the history of paper, But do you know what paper is used for? W: Oh, that's an easy question. Paper is used for newspapers, books, writing paper, envelopes, wrapping paper, paper bags...
M: Yes, actually only half of the paper that is made is used for such purposes. Have you got an idea about other uses of paper?
No, I'm afraid not. W:
M: There are many other uses. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless people asleep on a large number of newspapers.
W: Yes, I have. So they are insulating themselves against cold.
M: You are right. In Finland, it is very cold in winter. It is sometimes 40 degrees Centigrade below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer. W: Oh, that's unbelievable.
M: Now more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper plates, cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. W: Fascinating!
M: People have made paper boats, but hey have not yet made paper planes or cars. Just wait, they probably will.
WWell, you have become an expert on paper. How do you know all that? :
MYou know I'm preparing for a presentation, so I've looked up a lot of material. :
W Well, I'm sure your presentation will go really well. :
M: Thank you.
【Question】
1. What function does paper perform in house-building? (C)
2. Why do farmers in Finland wear paper boots in snow? (A) 3. What is true of paper planes and cars? (B) 4. How does the man get to know so much about paper? (D)
Conversation 2
M: Hello, Jane. I'd like to talk to you about a research project that you might be interested in. A
friend of mine is working in Yellow Stone National Park this summer.
W: A research project in Yellow Stone?
M: Yes, she is working with the buffalo population. Their heads have been increasing in size
lately which is good in theory.
W: Yeah, but I thought they were in danger of becoming extinct.
M: Well, apparently because of all the winter tourists, paths are created in the snow. More
buffaloes are surviving the harsh winters because the paths make it easier for the buffaloes to
move around and find food.
W: But I heard some of the herds are infected with bacteria. Is that true?
M: Yes, it's true. And because the buffalo population is increasing, the disease begins to spread to
the cattle ranches that border the park..
That's bad news. Isn't it? W:
M: Yes. And it caused a lot of controversy. Some of the ranches even want to destroy the buffalo
heads.
W: That‘s awful. Have they made much progress with the research?
M: So far they have been collecting tissue samples from dead buffaloes to see if a bacterium is
present.
W: I‘d really be interested in working in this. You know I‘ve been researching diseased animal
population.
M: That‘s why I thought of you. I took the liberty of mentioning your name to my friend. She
hopes you can spend the whole summer out there.
W: Well, I was going to work on my thesis a lot in July, but I‘m sure my advisor wouldn‘t want
me to pass up this opportunity.
【Question】
5. Why is the buffalo population increasing? (A) 6. Why does the man think Jane would be interested in going to Yellow Stone? (C) 7. How will Jane probably spend the summer? (A) Test Two
Conversation 1
W: Hi, Jim, I have something urgent to talk over with you. Could you spare a few minutes right now?
M: Sure, come in and take a seat, please. What's on your mind?
W: I was just talking to the lab supervisor. He said the main frame was repaired yesterday. That
helps a lot, but there's some other problem with our students.
M: Again? What's the problem this time?
W: He said the students are supposed to reserve the terminal computers for only one hour a day
because so many students need to use them every day.
M: We have already made it as a regulation to reserve the terminals within the hour given. Haven't
we?
W: Yes, we have. But quite a number of our students are required to accomplish such assignments
as designs and researches towards the end of the semester.
M: I can see that. But does it bring about any problems?
W: Well, now it frequently occurs that some of our students aren't willing to give up terminals
when their hour is over.
M: I suppose they feel that since they are almost done, a few more minutes won't matter. W Yes, most likely. But this renders it inconvenient for people who are waiting for their turn to :
use the machine.
M: You're right. Let's draft the memo right now. We can pass it out in our classes tomorrow to
clear up the problem. To make it known to all will be crucial to the solution. W: I agree. And now I consider it a necessity to tighten the control over the time limits. M: Okay. Let's get started right away.
【Question】
1) Who are the speakers? (A) 2) How long is each student allowed to use the laboratory? (A) 3) What is one of the problems in the laboratory? (D) 4) What are the speakers going to do next to solve the problem? (C)
Conversation 2
W: Good morning Mr. Pitt.
M: Good morning.
W: First of all, I'd like you to tell me a little about what you've been doing. M: Well, I left school after I'd done my A Levels.
W: Ah, yes, A levels. What subjects did you take?
M: French, German, chemistry and art, but art always has been my cup of tea.
W: Good at Art? I see. Now what about hobbies? Err, what do you do in you spare time? M: I like jazz, traditional and folk music. I don't play, of course, but I do go to quite a lot of
concerts and to the theater occasionally. Also I've done quite a bit of photography and travel. W: Interesting. That's all I want about your background. Now let's talk about the management
trainee schedule. What exactly do you think a manager does?
M: I don't know a great deal about the work.
W: But have you got any ideas about it? You must have thought about it.
M: Well, I... suppose he has a lot of... err... what is called, policy-making to do. And… he has to
know how to work with people, and all about the company.
Mm... W:
M: Yes, I... should think a manager must know something about all aspects of the work. W: Yes, that's right. We like our management staff to undergo a thorough training. Young men on
our trainee schedule have to work through every branch in the company.
M: Right! I see!
W: You should hear from us in a couple of weeks. One way or another. Thank you. M: Goodbye.
【Question】
1) Which subject is Mr. Pitt good at? (A) 2) What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time? (C) 3) What are the management stuff required to do in the company? (A) Test Three
Conversation 1
W: Hi, I'm new here, so I was wondering how I could go about applying.
M: Well, if you're a regular student you can use your student I. D. as a borrower card. If not, you
would apply at the loan office.
W: What exactly can I borrow?
M: Well, you can borrow almost everything including books and multimedia materials. W: Can I take anything out from the library?
M: You cannot take out any serial like journals and magazines and you may not take out any
books or multimedia if they have a not-for-loan status.
W: My friend told me if a book gets recalled, you have to bring them back right away, is that true? M: Oh, certainly not right away. But you do have to take it back as the recall system requires. W: Can you tell me something about the recall system here?
M: Okay. If a book is recalled you must bring it back within seven days of the recall notice.
Why is that? W:
M: The reason that we have this system is because that sometimes students need certain material urgently.
W: But what if you're not around to receive it?
M: If we cannot contact you by phone or by letter, we will contact the department that you are
registered in and have recall notice delivered to your teacher.
W: Just a question before I run to class, how much are the fines, by any chance? M: Thirty cents a day. So, take care not to be late.
【Question】
1) What happens if a book you have borrowed is recalled? (C) 2) How will the library handle cases when a student can't receive a recall notice? (D) 3) Where will the woman probably go after talking to the librarian? (C)
Conversation 2
M: Excuse me. I wonder if you could help me.
W: What can I do for you?
M: Well, I'm working on a term paper about the influence of television on American presidential
elections.
W: Have you ever been to the main library?
M: Yes, I've found a few useful books there, but the reference librarian at the main library
suggested that the library here at the graduate school have more specialized materials. W: Okay. It depends on what you want. We do subscribe to a large number of journals. Since
you're working on such a broad topic you'll probably have to do a lot of digging. M: Do you think I can get something relevant here?
W: It may take some time, but you'll be able to find many articles relevant to your topic. We also
have quite a few newspapers on microfilm.
M: I think I've come to the right place. How can I find out which journals you have? W: There's a list of all of them. But if you want to search by author or by subject you can use one
of the computers over there. Everything we have is in there.
M: What if I run across a reference to a research study that isn't available here? W: You can request any outside materials just by typing your request into the computer. M: You mean you can get materials from other universities?
W: Not only from other universities, but from virtually any public or private library in the United
States. The only limitation is that outside materials cannot be checked out. 【Question】
1) Why did he man come to the graduate school library? (C) 2) What is the topic of the man's term paper? (D) 3) What does the librarian say about the topic of the man's term paper? (A) 4) How can the man refer to any material from another library? (C) Test Four
Conversation 1
M: Mary‘s misplaced her wallet again.
W: Are you sure? The last time she couldn‘t find it, we looked for it everywhere in the office and
finally found it in her handbag.
M: I remembered that incident, so I made her look there first.
W: When I can‘t find something, I mentally go through the day and try to visualize the moment I
put it down.
M: That‘s what I do, too. I also put things back in the place I keep them so they‘re there when I
need them.
W: I wish Mary would do that. Have you ever seen her room?
M: No, and I don‘t think I ever want to either. I think it must be a mass.
W: Yes. Not only a wallet can be lost there. Give Mary time and she‘ll get lost in it herself.
M: I agree! She doesn‘t know hoe to put things in order and always forgets where she‘s put them.
【Question】
1. Where did Mary put the wallet before it was found? (A) 2. According to the man, how does he remember where his possessions are? (B) 3. According to the people, what‘s Mary‘s problem? (D)
Conversation 2
W: Hello, John. You must be pleased. After all how many students lucky enough to have been
accepted at their first and their second choices?
M: Not many I know. But I'm not sure yet which one to choose. I...
W: Well, you seem to have doubts about the state university. But its biology department has a fine
reputation. What more could a biology major want?
M: Yeah. And they also have internships for seniors. But a friend told me that for the first two
years some lectures have a hundred and fifty students. You probably wouldn't get to know any
of your teachers.
W: Well, you might actually, because those classes also have small discussion sections. They meet
twice a week and have no more than twenty students.
M: I know. But I've heard that they are usually taught by graduate students. At White Stone
College all classes are taught by professors.
W: What about sitting? Do you prefer a small town like White Stone? Or a bigger place like the
state capital?
M: That doesn't matter to me. What I do care about is getting individual attention from the faculty
and making friends.
W Look, I've known you for four years now and you seem to be a pretty outgoing person. I don't :
think you will have any trouble making friends at the state university. It sounds to me that you
are leaning toward White Stone though?
M I am. The only problem is that the White Stone's tuition is really high and I'm not sure I can :
afford it.
W You could still apply for a student loan or sign up for a work study program. :
M: Yeah. I think I'll look into that.
【Question】
4. Why does John go to see the woman? (B) 5. What concern does John have about the state university? (B)
6. What does John consider to be an advantage of the White Stone College? (D) 7. In the near future, what is John likely to do? (A) Test Five
Conversation 1
W: Dad, Dad, Dad!
M: Uh, what, what, uh, uh!?!?
W: The movie is over. You slept through the best part.
M: Ah, ah, I must have dozed off during the last few minutes.
W: Right. You were gone for so long you should have brought your pillow and blanket. So, what
did you think about it?
M: Well, overall, I'm a little disappointed with the movie. I mean, the story was so odd, you have
to admit. I mean, really. How believable is a plot about a captain who navigates his spaceship
to the far reaches of the space and encounters a race of frog people. I mean, come on. W: Ah, I thought it was fantastic. (Uhhh) I mean, you have to admit that the special effects were
marvelous, and the acting wasn't bad either.
M: Ah, come on. What about the ship's communication officer? I mean, what did you think about
him? [Well...] Wasn't he a little weird to you? He was always talking to himself, and he
had that funny hairdo.
W: Well, he was a little... unusual, [Yeah, yeah] but the ship's doctor was amazing. It was so cool
when he brought the captain back to life during one of the battles.
M: That was pretty realistic, but then the rest of the movie just went from bad to worse. And the
photography was so fake!
W: How do you know? You were snoring so loud that the neighbors probably had to close their
windows. It was that bad.
M: Ah, well, let's go to bed.
【Question】
1. What is the conversation mainly about? (B) 2. Which word best describes the father‘s opinion about the movie? (D)
3. What kind of movie is this? (B) Conversation 2
W: Dr. Thomas? This is Kate Bradley from the daily news. I‘d like to ask you some questions
about the new official standard weigh that you purchased.
M: I‘d be happy to help you. What would you like to know?
W: First of all, how was the standard weight used?
M: Well, the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. The
department of weights and measures, we are a government agency. It‘s our responsibility to
see hat all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the
scales.
W: How did you check the scales before?
M: We have an old standard weigh that we used to use. It had to be replaced because it was not
precise. You see it was made of poor quality metal. It absorbed too much moisture. W: Oh. So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was dry it weighed less. M: Exactly. And that variation can affect the standards of the whole country. So our department
had the new weight made out of higher quality metal.
W: How much did it cost?
M: About 45 thousand dollars.
W: 45 thousand dollars? For a one kilogram weight? That‘s more expensive than gold. Is it really
worth that much?
M: I‘m sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales
so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry,
for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and package
medicine.
【Question】
4. What is the conversation mainly about? (B) 5. The standard weight is used to? (A) 6. Why was it necessary to replace the old standard weight? (C) 7. What does Dr. Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight? (C)
Test Six
Conversation 1
M: Well, Claudia, how is your first day on campus working out?
W: Actually I‘m overwhelmed. This campus is too large. I am not really sure how to get around it.
How about you?
M: Yeah, I‘m having the same problem. That‘s why we should leave a bit early to get to our
biology class on time.
W: That sounds like a good plan to me! It‘s 9:30 right now. I think our class starts at 10:00 a.m.
M: Actually it starts at 10:15 a.m., which leaves us 45 minutes to find it. The schedule says the
class is at the Darwin Building, but I can‘t seem to find on the map.
W: Since we both don't know where we are going, why don't you ask that woman sitting on the
bench, she seems to know her way around here.
M: All right, it can't hurt to ask.
M: Excuse me, Miss, could you tell us how to get to the Darwin Building?
W: The Darwin Building? Oh yes, I remember... Do you see that building to our right there?
That's the East Dormitory. Next to it is the Science Library. What you should do is follow the
path between those two buildings until you reach the other side. Then take the left-hand path
and follow it to the end. It leads straight to the Darwin Building. Got it? M: I think so, after we pass between the Dorm and the Library, we follow the path to the left until
the end of the road, then we should be there, right?
W: Yes, that's perfect.
M: Thank you very much, indeed.
W: You are welcome.
【Question】
1. What is their first impression of the campus? (B) 2. What are the two students doing? (C) 3. What time does their biology class begin according to the man? (C) Conversation 2
W So this is the Internet? :
M Well, it's the World Wide Web, which is part of the Internet. :
Wow... and, uh, what do you use it for? W:
M: Oh, well, I can sit here in my office and do almost anything.
W: Well, like what?
M: Well, this morning, the first thing I did when I got up was to turn on the computer. In a couple
of minutes, I was reading the newspaper from Chicago.
W Wow. :
M; Yeah, you can read hundreds of newspapers from around the world.
W: That's amazing.
M: That's just the start. Then I checked my e-mail. There was a message from my dad in Chicago,
one from my sister in San Francisco, and a message from my brother in Hong Kong. My dad's
message was to tell me not to forget my mom's birthday. So then I sent her an electronic
birthday card.
W: An electronic birthday card?
M: Uh-huh.
W: Fantastic.
M: My sister wanted to know if I was planning to visit her in San Francisco during my vacation. W: So..., are you?
M: Well, I checked an airline reservation service. I looked at the schedule and picked a flight,
booked it, and sent the information to my sister. After about an hour she sent me a reply saying
she'd pick me up at the airport.
W: Oh, my gosh! And how about your brother's message?
M: Well, he told me about a big fire in Hong Kong yesterday, and I wanted to find out more about it. So I checked an Internet news service‘ and I saw video footage of it.
W: No way! You can see video images through your computer?
M: Absolutely. Sure. Amazing, isn't it?
【Question】
4. What was the first thing the man did that morning? (B) 5. Where does the man‘s sister live? (A)
6. How did the man know there was a big fire in Hong Kong yesterday? (C) 7. Where does the conversation take place? (B) Test Seven
Conversation 1
M: I really don't know what to do this summer. I can't afford to just sit around, and there don't
seem to be any jobs available.
W: Why don't you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds
when they went away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he
didn't want it left empty.
M: You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?
W: It wasn't that easy. She had to mow and water the houseplants. And when Eric house-sat for
Mr. Cohen, he had to take care of his pets.
M: House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it's a little like baby-sitting — except you're
taking care of a house instead of children.
W: The student employment office still has a few jobs posted.
M: Do I just have to fill out an application?
W: Margaret and Eric had to interview with the homeowners and provide three references each. M: That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.
W: The homeowners want some guarantee that they can trust the house-sitter. You know, they
want to make sure you're not the type who will throw wild parties in their house, or move a
group of friends in with you.
M: House-sitters who do that sort of things probably aren't paid then.
W: Usually they are paid anyway just because the homeowners don't want to make a fuss. But if
the homeowner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldn't be able to get another job. So why
don't you apply?
【Question】
1. What does the man want to do this summer? (D) 2. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer? (A) 3. What is one responsibility the house-sister probably won‘t have? (C)
Conversation 2
W: Hi. How can I help you?
M: Yes, I'd like to return this sweater for a refund. I bought it a week ago. W: Well, first of all, what seems to be the problem?
M: Well, The first time I washed and dried it, the thing shrank at least five sizes. W: Uh, I see, but did you follow the washing instructions? I think it says here ... yeah ... on the
label; to hand wash it and then to dry it on low heat.
M: How was I supposed to know that? The label is written in French!
W: Listen, sir! We take a lot of pride in our clothing. What I can do is allow you to exchange the
sweater for another one.
M: I don't want to exchange it for anything! I just want my money back!
Well, I can give you credit on your next purchase or a discount and since the item you W:
purchased was on clearance, we can't give you a refund.
M: A clearance item! There wasn't anything on the price tag or on the clothing rack that said
anything about that.
W: I guess you didn‘t read our ad. (…probably can‘t be read any way) Look! Here‘s the ad, and
the information about the clearance sale is right here at the bottom.
M: Where? Where? What? That small print! You‘d need an electronic microscope to see those
words.
W: And anyway, you can only return items with a receipt within six days, and unfortunately, that
was yesterday in your case.
M: Ok. Ok. I give up. Take your sweater. You should open up a pet store and sell it as a dog
sweater.
【Question】
4. What was the reason why the man wanted to return the sweater? (C) 5. What did the store clerk NOT offer to do for the man? (D) 6. Which of the following is not the reason that the store clerk didn‘t return the money to the
customer? (D) 7. How did the conversation end? (C) Test Eight
Conversation 1
M: I have been studying too much and need a change. So I‘m just making plans to go away during
January break.
W: Really? Where are you going?
M: I‘m planning to visit New Mexico.
W: My sister and I had the vacation there last year and we had a great time. M: Did you get into Albuquerque?
W: Sure. Whenever we were skating.
M: Is it far from the mountains?
W: Not at all. Even though Albuquerque is on the high plateaus, there are even higher mountains
near it. Just half an hour away from the city there is a snow-covered slope. M: Well. As the mountains are just thirty minutes away, I guess I should take my ice skate and my
skis.
W: Definitely.
M: I heard that the weather there is great.
W: It is. No humidity, moderate temperatures. But you do need to be careful about high altitude. M: What should I do about that?
W: Oh, just take it easy for a few days. Don‘t go hiking up to the mountains or exercise too
vigorously. Just do everything gradually.
M: I‘m sure I will be fine. And I will let you know all about my trip when I come back.
【Question】
1. What's the main purpose of the man's trip? (B) 2. Why does the woman know so much about Albuquerque? (D) 3. According to the woman, what may cause the man the most problems in Albuquerque? (C) Conversation 2
M: Can you believe how much reading we have for our American literature class? W: When I signed up for a literature class, I knew that there would be lots of reading, but I never
expected this much.
M: Yes, and I thought that since it was a class on American novels, we would just be reading
some novels.
W: What a surprise. Not only do we have to read a bunch of novels, we also have to read the
textbook, which gives information about the authors and their novels. And we also have to
find journal articles in the library which have commentary about the novels.
the novels themselves, the textbook, and journal articles. M: So we have three things to read:
W: That's right. And there's a lot to read from each of the three.
M: Well, I'm heading for the library right now to get started on all that reading. What about you? W I'm on my way back to the dorm, but I'll be doing the same thing that youare, spending the rest :
of the afternoon with my books.
【Question】
4. What problem are the man and woman discussing? (C) 5. Which class are the man and woman discussing? (B) 6. What are the man and woman both going to do next? (D) Conversation 3
M Hello? :
W Hello, Dad? :
M: Yes... Mary! How are you? Is there anything wrong?
Oh, no. I' m just calling to see how you and Mom are, It's been quite a while since I saw you W:
last.
MOh, we're both fine. Your mother is down at the new shopping center shopping. :
W For a new dress? :
M: No, for shoes this time. How's Tom?
W: He's fine. He likes his work and was given a raise last month by Mr. Davis. We were all pretty
pleased about that.
M: Yes, I think you should be. And how are the children?
W Well, Billy's home from school today. It's nothing serious, just a bad cold. And it's his birthday, :
too.
M: Oh, I thought his birthday was May 24th.
W No, the 23rd. :
M: Well, that's too bad. Tell him we sent him a present.
W All right. Sally's still taking dancing lessons. :
M: She must be pretty good by now. I'd like to see her sometime. And how's Ted? W: He's OK, too. He loves working on cars and has a part-time job at the garage now. M: Well, it's certainly good to hear your voice. When are you coming for a visit? W Not for a few months, I' m afraid. But I hope we can come for a few weeks this summer, :
probably in July.
M: That would be nice. Call again soon.
W OK, Dad. Nice talking to you and glad everything's all right. Give Mom my love. :
M All right. Goodbye. :
W: Goodbye, Dad.
【Question】
7. Why did Mary call? (A) 8. How many children does Mary have? (B) 9. When does Mary think she will visit her parents? (D) Conversation 4
W Can you sell yourself in two minutes? Go for it. :
M: With my qualifications and experiences, I feel I am hardworking, responsible and diligent in
many projects I undertake. Your organization could benefit from my synthetic and
interpersonal skills.
W Why did you leave your last job? :
M: Well, I‘m hoping to get an offer of a better position. If an opportunity knocks, I will take it. I
feel I have reached the "glass ceiling" in my current job. I feel there's no opportunity for
advancement.
W What makes you think you would be successful in this position? :
M My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular :
job. I am sure 1 will be successful.
W What personality traits do you admire, then? :
M: I admire an honest, flexible and easy-going person who possesses the "can-do" spirit. W What leadership qualities have you developed as an administration personnel? :
M: I feel that I' m good at motivating people and leading them to work together as a team.
What do you find frustrating in a work situation? W:
M: Sometimes the narrow-minded people who are not receptive to new ideas make me feel frustrated.
W How do you handle conflicts with your colleagues in your work? :
M I will try to present my new ideas in a more clear and civilized manner in order to get my :
points across.
W How long would you like to stay with this company? :
M: I will stay as long as I can continue to learn and to grow in my field. W: We will let you know the result probably next Wednesday. I hope to give you the positive reply.
M: OK, thank you very much. Goodbye.
【Question】
10. What do we learn about the man? (D)
11. Which of the following is the reason the man left his last job? (A) 12. Why does the man think he is qualified? (B) 13. When does the man feel frustrated? (A) Conversation 5
W Dr. Anderson, could you please clarify the requirements for this course? Some of us are a little :
bit confused about the final examination.
M: Oh? Well, you have two options in this course. You can either take a final examination or you
can write a research paper instead.
W: Excuse me, Dr. Anderson. That's the point I need you to clarify. What kind of research paper
do you have in mind? A study? A report? A book review, perhaps?
M: A report. A summary really based upon current research in the field. W: How long should the report be?
M: Length is really not important. I should think that it would take at least ten pages in order to
develop the topic, however.
W: And should we check the topic with you before we begin writing?
M: You may, if you wish. But the only requirement is that it relates to current trends in United
States foreign policy. Are you considering writing a paper, Jane?
W: I'm not sure. I think that I'd like to know a little bit more about the examination. M: All right. One hundred multiple-choice questions covering both the lectures and the outside readings.
W: Didn't you say you would give us one hour for the examination?
M: Yes, I did. I'm going to take the examination.
【Question】
14. What does Professor Anderson require each of his students to do? (D) 15. Which course does Dr. Anderson most likely teach? (C) 16. What kind of examination has Dr. Anderson prepared? (B) 17. What will the woman do after the conversation? (A) Test Nine
Conversation 1
W: Hi. How can we help you today?
M: Yeah. I‘d like to get my hair trimmed a little. Nothing fancy, just a basic trim.
W: Well, can we interest you in today‘s special?
M: Um…No…
W: We‘ll shampoo, cut, and style your hair for one unbelievable low price of $9.99(nine
ninety-nine). Plus, we‘ll give you a clean shave and a back massage to help you relax. Best
service in town!
M: Okay, I‘ll have the complete service today, but as I said before, I just want to get my hair trimmed. A little off the top and sides. That‘s all. I mean, that‘s all.
W: No problem. Relax. You‘re in good hands. Okay, here we go. So, what do you do for a living?
M: I‘m a lawyer, specializing in workplace accidents, and I‘m in town for an interview for a new
job, and „Hey, what happened to my hair? And what‘s left of my hair turned purple. Are you
even a licensed beautician?
W: Well, sir. We offer a money-back guarantee on all our work, so if you‘re not completely
satisfied…
M: Satisfied? I‘m anything but satisfied. How in the world am I supposed to go to a job interview
looking like this? Forget it. Forget it.
【Question】
1. Why does the man repeatedly say ―That‘s all‖? (C)
2. What does the beautician mean by ―You‘re in good hands‖? (C)
3. Why does the customer go to this beauty salon to improve his appearance? (D) Conversation 2
M: Today on our morning talk show is Sally Green, the girl who broke all the records at the last
Olympics. Good morning, Sally.
Good morning. W:
M: Is it true that you don't swim at all now?
W I' m afraid so. I‘m too old. :
M: But you're only twenty!
W That‘s too old for a swimmer. If I swam in an international competition now, I wouldn't win. So :
I‘d rather not swim at all.
M: But don't you enjoy swimming?
W: I used to, when I was small. But if you enter for big competitions you have to work very hard.
I used to get up at 6 a. m. to go to the pool. I had to train before school, after school and at
weekends. I swam thirty-five miles every week!
M: But you were famous at fifteen. And look at all those cups.
W: Would you like to polish them? It's true that I have some wonderful memories. I enjoyed
visiting other countries, and the Olympics were very exciting.] But I missed more important
things. While other girls were growing up, I was swimming. What can I do now? 【Question】
4. Who is Sally Green? (C) 5. Why has Sally Green given up swimming? (B) 6. What is Sally's trouble now? (A) Conversation 3
W: Freedom Travel. How may I help you?
M: Yes, I‘d like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month.
W: Okay. What is your destination?
M: Well, I‘m flying to Helsinki, Finland.
W: Okay. Let me check what flights are available and when will you be returning? M: Uh, well, I‘d like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth. Oh, and I‘d like the cheapest
flight available.
W: Okay. Let me see. Um, hum...
M: Yeah?
W: Well, the price for the flight is almost double the price you would pay if you leave the day before.
M: Whoop. Let's go with the cheaper flight. By the way, how much is it?
W: It's only $ 980.
M: Alright. Well, let's go with that.
W: Okay. That's Flight 1070 from Salt Lake City to New York, Kennedy Airport, transferring to
flight 90 from Kennedy to Helsinki.
M: And what are the departure and arrival times for each of those flights?
35 PM, then transferring to W: It leaves Salt Lake City at 10:00 AM, arriving in New York at 4:
flight 90 at 555 PM, and arriving in Helsinki at 8 30 AM the next day. ::
M Alright. And, uh, I‘d like to request a vegetarian meal. :
W: Sure no problem.
【Question】
7. What is the man's destination? (C) 8. What request did the man make regarding his flight? (A) 9. When does the Flight 1070 leave Salt Lake City? (C) Conversation 4
M How do you like the new art museum? :
W Wonderful! I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing. I was :
amazed to hear the guide explain the problems they had building it.
M Right. I just read an article that went on and on about the cost. 90 million in total I think. :
W Yeah. The guide mentioned that. You could see they spared no expense. :
M Hum. It looked really unusual, at least from what I saw in the picture. :
W It is. The basic design is two triangles. In fact there are triangles all over, the paving stones in :
the courtyard, the skylights and even a lot of the sculptures! One sculpture is a mobile. It's in
the courtyard and it's made of pieces of aluminum that move slowly in the air. It's really
impressive.
M: That was in the article too. It said that the original was steel and it weighed so much that it
wasn't safe to hang.
W: Right. They did it over in aluminum so it wouldn't come crashing down on someone's head. M: You know the article went into that in detail. There was even an interview with the sculptor. W: I'd like to read that. Would you mind if I borrow the magazine sometime? M No. I wouldn't mind if I haven't thrown it out yet. :
【Question】
10. How had the man learned about the museum? (C) 11. According to the woman, what do the paving stones, skylights and mobile have in common?
(D)
12. What was the problem with the original mobile? (B) Conversation 5
Hi, Bill. How is it going? W:
M: Oh. Hi! Jane. I'm OK. How about you?
W You can probably tell just by looking at me. I'm really busy. Hey, what are you reading? :
M A pretty interesting article. My biology professor assigned it, and I thought I would just look it :
over. But I got really involved in it. It's about endangered species. W That sounds pretty interesting. I'm getting frustrated with the two research papers I‘m struggling :
with.
M: Oh?
W And can you believe they are both due on the same day? :
M: That's tough.
W: I'll get through it. So what's this you are reading?
M: Well, it's basically about the choices conservationists are faced with , you know, these days
when funding is so hard to come by.
W: Wait a minute. Is the focus on biology or economics?
M: Both. Conservationists don't have enough funding to save every endangered species in the
world, so they have to decide based on what would be lost if a species became extinct. W: Can you give me an example of what you mean?
M: Take for instance, two animals, the spotted owl and the tailed toad. The article says the toad is
unique. It has no relatives. But there are a lot of varieties of owls. W So, if that toad became extinct, we'd lose an important link in the chain of evolution, right? :
M: Exactly. But that isn't so for the owl. So for conservationists, it might be a clear choice of
which animal to save.
W I see. I am glad I don't have to make that kind of decision. Aren't you? :
【Question】
13. What are the speakers mainly discussing? (B) 14. Why is the woman so busy? (A) 15. What problems do conservationists have? (D) 2. 冲刺练习
Exercise One
Conversation 1
W Did you go to the match on Saturday, Bill? :
M No, Alice. I listened to the commentary instead. It sounded pretty exciting, I must say. :
W You must be joking. Well, it was pretty dull really. :
M How did it go then? I should have thought the Gunners did well to win over the Wolves in their :
present form.
W Yes, I suppose they did. But two-one didn't do them justice. They should have had at least :
three in the first half, and another two in the second. How far do you think the Wolves will go? M: I suppose it all depends on how they shape after Christmas. Remember what happened last
year?
W: I'll say I do. I'm not likely to forget it. I've never seen such a shame. To think they were in the top
three for most of the time before Christmas, and then the way they came down. I just don't
understand what came over them. I can't understand.
M: I don't know, either. Can you really say that? Because they were quite O. K. until Blake got
injured, and then without his influence in the attack they just couldn't score goals any more. I
think it was simply a matter of the attack being weakened.
【Question】
19. What is true of Saturday's match? (C) 20. How many goals does Alice think the Gunners should have scored? (D) 21. What happened to the Wolves that made them come down? (A) Conversation 2
M: Can you tell me about the university shuttle bus system? This is such a large campus, and I
have classes all over campus. I need to take the shuttle bus from one class to another, or I'll
never make it on time.
W: What do you need to know? I think it's a really great system.
M: First of all, where does it go?
W: The university shuttle bus system goes all over campus. It doesn't leave the campus; if you
want to travel off campus, you'll need to take the city bus system. But the university shuttle
bus system will get you from one class to the next very efficiently.
M: And how much does it cost?
W: It‘s free, can you believe it? So you don't have to pay a cent to get all around the university
campus.
M: That's really great. And how do I catch the shuttle bus?
W: Just look for one of the bright yellow shuttle bus signs, and go stand next to it. You can see the
yellow shuttle bus signs all over campus. A shuttle bus will come along approximately every
five minutes, so you shouldn't have to wait long.
That all sounds good. Thanks for your help. M:
W No problem. :
【Question】
22. What are the man and woman discussing? (D) 23. What area does the university shuttle bus cover? (A) 24. How much does the shuttle bus cost? (A) 25. What color are the shuttle bus signs? (C) Exercise Two
Conversation 1
M: I didn't see you in creative writing class today. What happened?
W: Oh, just a dentist appointment. That's all. Say, did we get a new assignment for next week? M: Yeah, a really interesting one, actually. We're supposed to write a short story that has some sort
of limitation or... or constraints imposed on it.
W What do you mean? Like rhyming in a poem? :
M Well, that'll be the idea. But what we write has to be prose, as prose poetry. Just to make rhyme :
in a poem is too easy, I guess. I think the professor really wants to challenge us, and to put our
creativity to the test.
W: Well, did she give any hints about what's on her mind?
Not really, but I may have an idea about the kind of thing she's looking for. I just finished a M:
really strange book by some French guy. He wrote a whole book without even using a single
E.
W A whole book without a single E? How's that possible? But, wait a minute. I didn't know you :
can read French.
M: I can't. I read the English translation, but get this. There's not one E in that either. W No way. Think of the words you couldn't use. :
M I know, but that translator manages it. I got the book at home if you want to check it out for :
yourself. What's really amazing to me is that leaving E in English is going to involve a
complete different group of words in French.
W: Sometime you have to show me that book. But right now I'd better get going on the writing for
next week. I already have a couple of ideas. Thanks to you. And I think I just might be able to
work it into something interesting.
【Question】
19. What is the students' assignment to write? (A) 20. Why did the man mention a book by a French author? (D) 21. What really amazes the man about the letter E? (B) Conversation 2
W So, you're an architect? :
M Yes. :
WDo you work for a public or private organization, or are you self-employed, that is, working on :
your own?
M: I'm working for a private design and construction company. I started with the government. W Oh, did you? What made you decide to work for the government? :
M Well, it was a matter of chance really. I saw an advertisement for a vacant position in a :
newspaper, and I thought "Why don't you try it?‖ In fact, I had no preferences to where I work,
public or private.
W And do you still have this idea, or. . . :
M More or less, yes, although I'm now working for a private firm, I worked for the government :
for about three years. It was alright. Of course there're the administrative procedures one has to
put up with, but it's not that bad, if you don't mind the lengthy procedures, and things not being
as efficient.
W Ah-ah. And what made you leave the public sector? :
M Money, mainly. You see, I got married, and my wife doesn't work, and we wanted to start a :
family right away. So we thought it might be better if I moved to the private sector. This is
why it's hard for me to be self- employed because self-employed work has the disadvantage
that there may be time, or a period of time when you're unemployed.
【Question】
22. Who did the interviewee first work for? (B) 23. Which of the following statements is true about the interviewee? (C) 24. What is the main reason why the interviewee isn't self-employed? (D) 25. Which is one of the reasons why the interviewee entered the private sector later? (D) Exercise Three
Conversation 1
M Hello, Mary. Fancy meeting you here! :
W Hi, Peter. Yes, I'm here again, and there always seems to be a queue. I'm writing a report for :
my economics class. How about you?
M: I'm still working on my essay for environmental science. I need to check a reference. W You know, when I first started doing my report I was frightened to use these computer :
catalogues. I was sure something would go wrong.
M But they're so useful. You can see at a glance what books you need and if they're checked out :
or not.
W: I know that now, but at the beginning I really missed the card catalogues. But anyway I still
have the same problem as I used to have, knowing what to look up!
M: Yes, I agree. It's the same for me. Last week I must have wasted two hours looking I for
information on a topic I was working on.
W: Really? What was the topic?
M: It was about the effect of smoking by parents on their children's sleep. I looked up sleeping,
child psychology, child development, problems in social work, children's medical problems,
and I can't remember what else. In the end, I had to go back and ask my tutor for help. W You know, I took a study skills class because I thought it would help me locate information, :
and all I learned was how to read the cards, which wasn't of much help! My real problem is
knowing what card to look up.
M: Yes, and that takes thinking! Pity the computer can't do that for us. W: Maybe it will some day. Oh, look, there's a free computer now.
M: Yes, thanks. See you!
【Question】
19. What is the man's purpose to come here? (C)
20. What can we learn from the conversation? (B) 21. What is the man going to do soon? (D) Conversation 2
M: Hi, Lynn, I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a
long line.
W Yeah, I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course. :
M: Distance learning? Never heard of it.
W: Well, it's new this semester; it's only open to psychology majors. But I bet it'll catch on else
where. Yesterday over a hundred students signed up.
M Well, what is it? :
W It's an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is to watch a :
twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them several different times a
day and in several different locations.
M: Don't you ever have to meet with professor?
M: Yeah, after each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you
know, about our ideas. Then we'll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams. M: It sounds pretty non-traditional to me, but I guess it makes sense, considering how many
students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut
down on traffic.
You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all W:
psychology majors were employed. That's why they came up with the program. Look, I'll be
working three days a week next semester and I will either cut back on my classes or try this out.
M The only thing is…doesn't it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions :
and hearing what other people think.
W Well, I guess that's why phone contact's important. Anyway, it's an experiment. Maybe I'll end :
up hating it.
M: Maybe, but... I'll be curious to see how it works out. 【Question】
22. Where did the man see the woman yesterday? (B)
23. How was the distance-learning course different from traditional courses? (A)
24. What do the speakers agree is the major advantage of the distance-learning course? (C)
25. What does the man think is a disadvantage of distance learning? (B)
第四章 短文听力(Passages)
一、 短文听力技能训练
一)题型介绍
四级考试新题型的听力重点就是短文听力(包括短文听写)占20%(总共听力占35%)。
听力部分中的 Section B仍然为短文题，即我们俗称的段子题(passage)，这部分由三篇文章
组成，文章的篇幅(每篇)为150字~250字左右，录音的语速为130~150WPM，只读一遍。
每篇设3到4题(录音中每题为一个问句;试卷上每题为A、B、C、D四个选项)共10个
小题(2006年6月17日四级考试的11-20题)，供考生进行选择，主要测试的是考生的语篇
记忆力和整体的听力理解能力，分值比例10%。由此可见短文听力理解所占的分量。
下面是2006年6月17日―大学英语四级考试‖(全国统一考试试题)全真题中短文听力的
第一个段子(Passage One)的卷面上的第11至13小题。
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.
B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.
C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.
D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds. 12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.
B) They will soon be overgrown with Kudzu.
C) They will become too hard to plough.
D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.
13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.
B) The factories there have found a good use for it.
C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.
D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant. 与上述内容对应的录音(材料)是:
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably never heard of Kudzu. Kudzu, as any farmer in the south will sadly tell you, is a super-powered weed. It is a strong climbing plant. Once it gets started, Kudzu is almost impossible to stop. It climbs to the tops of the tallest trees. It can cover large buildings. Whole barns and farm houses have been known to disappear from view. Wherever it grows, its thick twisting stems are extremely hard to remove. Kudzu was once thought to be a helpful plant. Originally found in Asia, it was brought to America to help protect the land from being swallowed by the sea. It was planted where its tough roots which grow up to five feet long could help hold back the soil. But the plant soon spread to places where it wasn't wanted. Farmers now have to fight to keep it from killing other plants. In a way, Kudzu is a sign of labor shortage in the south. Where there is no one to work the fields, Kudzu soon takes over. The northern United States faces no threat from Kudzu. Harsh winters kill it off. The plant loves the warmth of the south, but the south surely doesn't love it. If some one could invent some use for Kudzu and remove it from southern farmland, his or her fortune assured. (229 words)
Q11. What do we learn about "Kudzu" from the passage? (C)
Q12. What will happen if the fields are neglected in the southern United States? (B) Q13. Why isn't Kudzu a threat to the northern United States? (C)
二)短文听力的提问方式及解题对策
短文听力的提问方式有最常见的有以下5种类型。
1.主旨大意题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有: What do we learn about "Kudzu" from the passage? (2006年6月17日四
级全真题Q11) / What is the main idea of the passage? / What can we learn from this passage? / What is the best title for this passage? / What is the passage mainly about? 等等。
四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头或一开始就直奔主题。所以，
考生在做这一类题时一定要全神贯注地听好短文的开头，抓住短文的主线。
例如:2006年6月17日四级全真题的第一篇短文听力材料，一开始就直奔主题 ---
―Kudzu(野葛)‖--- 这是一种生命力和攀附力都极强的野草，一旦种下，不可收拾。它能
爬上树梢，覆盖屋顶，遮盖畜棚和农舍。原本引进用来保持土壤不被海水冲走，但现在由于
美国南方劳动力匮乏加上温暖的气候，它已经泛滥成灾并危及到其他植物的生存。短文中反
复(八次)出现同一词汇―Kudzu‖，因此，我们要特别注意围绕―Kudzu‖所做的文章，顺着
这一思路，边听边想。这样就不难找出本篇短文的中心思想，即:―It has done more harm than
good in the southern USA(在美国南方，野葛的弊大于利)‖。
2.细节理解题。这一题型所包含的细节内容包括具体时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等，
一般采用特殊疑问句的形式提出问题。
提问方式有:Why isn't Kudzu a threat to the northern United States? --- C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth. (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q13)/ Why was the 1960s so
significant for British Higher Education? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q15)/ What is the main
financial source for British universities? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q16)/ What will be used
to power cars in the next few decades? (2005年6月18日四级全真题Q11) / What will future
news reports focus on when talking about transportation? (2005年6月18日四级全真题Q12)
/ What will passengers be asked to do when they travel to the moon? (2005年6月18日四级全
真题Q13)/ Where is pie-eating contest usually held? (2005年6月18日四级全真题Q14)/ What
should a person do before entering into the pie-eating contest?(2005年6月18日四级全真题
Q15)/ Where is person advised to put his hands during the contest? (2005年6月18日四级全
真题Q16) / What suggestion is offered for eating up the pie quickly? (2005年6月18日四级
全真题Q17)/ What was the diamond ring said to represent? (2005年6月18日四级全真题
Q18) / Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of
his would-be wife? (2005年6月18日四级全真题Q19)
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别注意，及时做好速记;另外，文
中一旦出现以表示因果关系的连词(如because, so, due to等)和表示转折关系的连词(如but,
however, though等)引导的句子也要特别留意，这些地方往往就是命题人设问的关键所在。
例如:上面列举的真题的问句(06年6月Q13)的原文对应部分是: --- ―The northern
United States faces no threat from Kudzu. Harsh winters kill it off‖。
(06年6月Q15)的原文对应部分是:―It was in the 1960's that the largest expansions took place in Britain‖。
(06年6月Q16)的原文对应部分是:―In Britain, finance for universities comes from three sources: the first, and the largest source, is grants from the government‖。
(05年6月Q11)的原文对应部分是:―In the next few decades … Everyone is going to
drive electrically-powered cars‖。
(05年6月Q12)的原文对应部分是:―In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky‖。
(05年6月Q13)的原文对应部分是:―Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you will hear someone say: the spacecraft to the moon leaves in 10 minutes.
Please check your equipment. And remember no more than 10 ounces of carry-on baggage are
allowed‖。
(05年6月Q14)的原文对应部分是:―Country fairs are a tradition in New England towns. They offer great entertainment. One popular event is the pie-eating contest‖。
(05年6月Q15)的原文对应部分是:―If you want to take part in the contest, it is a good
idea to remember these guidelines: first, make sure your stomach is nearly empty of food. Eating a
whole pie can be hard if you have just finish a meal‖。
(05年6月Q16)的原文对应部分是:―Don‘t just sit on your hands, if your hands are tied behind your back, you will not be tempted to make use of them‖。(05年6月Q17)的原文对应
部分是:―It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle‖。
(05年6月Q18)的原文对应部分是:―The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a beauty‖。
(05年6月Q19)的原文对应部分是:―He placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that the blood vessel in that finger went directly to the
heart‖。
3. 语义理解题。这一题型考查的重点在于对短文中某些词语的正确理解。
提问方式有:What will happen if the fields are neglected in the southern United States? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q12) / What did the word "Universitas" mean in the Middle Ages? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q14)
这一类题所给的答案选项大多数都是与原文意义相同但是经过改写了的句子，当然也有
少量的通过直接节选短文原文所设计的答案选项。做听力测试时，考生要善于锁定、理解和
提取关键词语，尤其是那些以同义词语形式出现的解释部分。
例如:上面的Q12题设计的原文内容是:―Where there is no one to work the fields, Kudzu soon takes over(接替)‖。而相对应的答案选项的内容是:―B) They will soon be overgrown (长
满)with Kudzu(B卷)‖。这里使用了改写的技巧。
上面的Q14题设计的原文内容是:―In the Middle Ages, the word meant ‗association of
teachers and scholars ‘‖。而相对应的答案选项的内容是:―D) An association of teachers and
scholars‖。这里是―原文照搬‖。
4. 推理判断题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问
方式有:What does the speaker tell us about Mr. West? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q17)
/ What is the ultimate goal of Heifer International? (2006年6月17日四级全真题Q18)/ What
are families required to do after they receive support from Heifer International? (2006年6月17
日四级全真题Q19)/ What is the major achievement of Heifer International? (2006年6月17
日四级全真题Q20) / What is the chief advantage of having the engagement period? (2005年
6月18日四级全真题Q20) / What can be inferred from the passage? / What does the speaker most concerned about?等等。
和细节理解题的不同之处在于:做这类题时不能直接从短文中获取答案。换句话说，与
短文内容一样的就不是推断。同时，考生一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来进
行推断。其解题对策是:获取信息，综合分析，推理判断。
例如:上述的2006年6月17日四级全真题Q17小题就不能直接从短文中获取答案。
而是要从短文中获取相关信息，即:Heifer International是一个帮助解决发展中国家饥饿问
题的一个组织，其中有一个关键人物，是他―An American farmer, Dan West, developed the idea
for Heifer International in the 1930s‖。在此基础上来进行判断，我们可以得出结论:是Mr. West
创办了这个组织(He started the organization Heifer International)。
下面看看2006年6月17日四级全真题Q18小题:―Heifer International的最终目标是什
么,‖ 短文给了以下信息:They must also make a plan which will allow them to become
self-supporting / the animals must have …the ability to reproduce / each person who takes part in the program also becomes a giver / This concept helps communities become self-supporting。经过
对于这些信息的分析(自给、繁殖、给出)，我们可以作出判断:这个组织的最终目标是要
让这些―受援对象‖达到自食其力(self-supporting)。
下面看看2006年6月17日四级全真题Q19小题:―受援家庭被要求做些什么,‖短文
所给的信息是:Heifer International also believes that families must pass on some of their success to others in need. This belief guarantees that each person who takes part in the program also becomes a giver. Every family that receives a Heifer animal must agree to give that animal's first female baby to other people in need. Families must also agree to pass on the skills and training they received from Heifer International。通过对上述信息的分析(传给、给予、赠与)，我们
可以推断出:受援家庭被要求进行(依葫芦画瓢式的)―传、帮、带‖。
再来看看2006年6月17日四级全真题Q20小题:―Heifer International的主要成就是什
么,‖。短文所提供的信息是:One of the biggest problems in developing countries is hunger. An organization called Heifer International is working to improve the situation. The organization sends farm animals to families and communities around the world. … The first Heifer animals were sent in 1944. Since that time, more than 4,000,000 people in 115 countries have had better lives because of Heifer animals。根据以上信息(饥饿、改善饥饿、送牲口、生活提高)，我们
可以作出判断:Heifer International的主要成就是:B. It has helped relieve hunger in some
developing countries。
最后看看2005年6月18日四级全真题Q20小题:―订婚期的主要好处是什么,‖。短
文所提供的信息是:Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are
sure that they want to marry each other。根据上述信息，我们可以推断:订婚期的主要好处是:C) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match。
5. 对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is true according to the
passage? / Which of the following is not true according to the passage? 等等。听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，尤其要注意弄清楚到底是问―true‖还是问―not true‖。这对于判断正误是至关重要的，否则就会―适得其反‖。在此基础上，根据所听到短文的内容，采用―排除法‖来决定正确答案。
二、 应试技巧
一)往年四级听力短文体裁题材分析
通过对往年四级听力短文题材体裁分布情况的分析，可以看出，四级听力短文的体裁主要是记叙文和说明文，当然还有议论文。从笔者根据对近年来的六次四级考试中短文听力材料的统计结果来看，记叙文占3篇，说明文占12篇，议论文占3篇。
记叙文以短小故事类为主，考察事情的起因、经过和结果。这类文章有一定的情节，比较浅显易懂。题材有家庭生活、学校生活、社会生活、幽默故事等等。例如:2003年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖---故事:从割草中得到的启示;2003年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖--- 故事:回到平静、悠闲的生活中去;2002年1月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖--- 幽默故事:教鹦鹉说话。在做有关故事的听力测试时，应该特别注意捕捉并记录可以回答―5Ws‖(who, what, when, where, how and why等问题)的有关信息，从而抓住故事发展的主线，理解全文。例如:2003年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖就是一篇寓意比较深刻的故事。它叙述了作者14岁那年的一次经历:一大早，父亲叫他同去割草，他感到自豪和激动。他们从早到晚忙乎了一整天，累得够呛。可是，另有一天，父亲指着他未能把草割干净的地方，要求他重割一遍。作者从中得到了启示:只要努力干，你都能从你干的工作中学到东西。只要抓住了―从割草中得到的启示‖这条主线，再去解答所给的问题就很容易了。人物传记也属于记叙文，一般是对真人真事的记叙，大多记叙中外历史上或当代的一些杰出的政治家、科学家、文艺家的生平事迹或事业上的成就，也有记叙普通人物的特殊经历和突出业绩的。应该特别注意人物的生卒年月地点、主要业绩年代，以及对人物的社会评价，这些都是容易考到的地方。
说明文也是四级考试中常见的体裁。它通常是用来说明一些科普知识、日常生活、风土人情、文化教育、社会生活或社会问题。
例如:2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖---说明文:介绍植物野葛的―入侵‖给美国南方带来的危害;
2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖---说明文:介绍―university‖一词的来源和大学的起源;
2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖---说明文:介绍一个扶贫组织―Heifer International‖;2005年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖---说明文:未来的交通(科普文章);
2005年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖---说明文:介绍新英格兰小镇的―吃馅饼比赛‖;
2005年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖--- 说明文:介绍国外的订婚习俗;
2003年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖--- 说明文:介绍英国剑桥大学;
2003年12月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖--- 说明文:如何预防扒窃;
2002年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖--- 说明文:鸟筑巢的方式(科普文章);
2002年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖--- 说明文:树的年轮和太阳风活动
之间的关系(科普文章);
2002年1月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖--- 说明文:介绍英国的监狱;
2002年1月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖--- 说明文:介绍伦敦的出租车司机如何获得驾照。
需要指出的是，说明文主要关注说明对象、说明对象各方面的特点等。说明文中科普短文比较多，比起小故事来当然要难懂一些。有时短文的句子结构较为复杂，甚至还会夹杂个别专业术语，这都给考生设置了障碍。但如果我们注意抓住短文的主线，利用好上下文的相互呼应或对照关系来进行分析和判断，问题还是可以迎刃而解的。
例如:2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖就是一篇介绍―Kudzu(野葛)‖的科普文章。全篇短文里―Kudzu‖一共出现了八次。听了全篇短文以后，尽管我们不能准确地说出―Kudzu‖的汉语意思，但是通过上下文的叙述，我们完全可以得知，―Kudzu‖是一种生命力和攀附力都极强的植物，在劳动力匮乏和温暖的美国南方，它得以大肆泛滥，以至于威胁到其他植物的生存。了解了以上信息，我们就能正确地回答试卷上的有关问题了。
议论文同样是听力素材之一，虽然说近年来考题上出现不算多，但是我们仍然必须做好准备，俗话说:―有备无患‖，因为用什么样体裁的文章是命题人说了算。议论文的题材有:家庭生活、独生子女、社会生活、政治、经济、法律、道德、税收、教育、文化等等。
例如:2003年12月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖--- 议论文:谈文雅与礼貌之间的关系;
2003年12月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖--- 议论文:运动场地存在的安全隐患;2002年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖--- 议论文:不读报的人。
就考点本身而言，议论文的考点集中在论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者态度方面等。
例如:2003年12月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage One‖就是一篇议论文，它谈到文雅与礼貌之间的关系。文章的论点是:当今的人不如以往的人有礼貌;文章的论据是:人们没有礼让地一窝蜂地上电梯;别人帮了忙也从不说―谢谢‖;作者的观点是:说声―谢谢‖很重要;有了礼貌，才有文雅;礼貌是一种内在美。作者的结论:有礼貌加上形象好才是真正的美。把握了这些内容，回答问题就会―胜券在握‖了。
二)考场应试时的注意事项
《大纲》要求学生在学完四级时，掌握以下听力技能:(以下节选与―短文听力‖有关的要求)…… (5)通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息; (6)作准确的判断; (7)做笔记。
那么，考生在做短文听力时，应注意些什么问题呢,
1、要让心态平静下来
听力部分的主要特点是时间短录音只放一遍，稍纵即逝，不能―吃回头草‖。这往往造成考生的心理压力。比如，有的考生走进考场心情就特别紧张，只要录音一响，脑子就一片空白，什么也听不进去。为了解决这一问题，临考前，考生可以做一下深呼吸或想些与考试无关的愉快的事情，以缓解紧张情绪。还有的考生遇到未听懂或未完全听懂的题，就手忙脚乱。其实，遇到这种情况时不必惊慌，而要采取―丢兵保帅‖的办法，即:当机立断针对该小题猜选一个答案，然后迅速地转向下一个小题。总之，不要―抓了芝麻丢了西瓜‖，而要树立全局观念，以良好、平静的心态来发挥自己的实际水平。
2、要合理安排和利用时间
在拿到考卷后，考生要―跳过‖ 考前已经十分熟悉的、老一套的说明和例句，可利用录音播放前后的时间间歇，快速浏览各个题目的四个选择项，特别是那些较长的选项，争取主动。
3、要善于预测短文听力的内容
考生应从选择项入手，从中预测短文的主题和可能提出的问题。预测在听力理解中非常
重要。预测能帮助提高识别速度，而识别速度是听力理解的关键之一。听力理解不像阅读理
解，是单向的、一次性的，如果考生的识别速度跟不上放音速度，就会故此失彼，非常被动。
例如:2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Two‖---说明文:介绍―university‖一
词的来源和大学的起源。与这篇短文相对应的选项有如下的三组:
Q14.
A) A business corporation. C) A society of legal professionals.
B) The universe as a whole. D) An association of teachers and scholars.
Q15.
A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.
B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.
C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.
D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.
Q16.
A) Private donations. C) Grants from corporations.
B) Government funding. D) Fees paid by students.
与这三组选项相对应的是下面这篇短文:
The word "university" comes from the Latin word "universitas", meaning ―the whole‖. Later, in Latin legal language, "universitas'' meant a society or corporation. In the Middle Ages, the word meant ―association of teachers and scholars ". (Q14) The origins of universities can be traced to
the 12th to the l4th centuries. In the early 12th century, long before universities were organized in the modern sense, students gathered together for higher studies at certain centers pf learning. The earliest centers in Europe were at Bolonia in Italy, founded in 1088. Other early centers were set up in France, the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany from 1150 to 1386. The first universities in Britain were Oxford and Cambridge. They were established in 1185 and 1209 respectively. The famous London University was founded in 1836. This was followed by the foundation of several universities such as Manchester and Birmingham, which developed from provincial colleges. It was in the 1960's that the largest expansions took place in Britain. (Q15) This expansion took 3 basic forms: existing universities were enlarged, new universities were developed from existing colleges and completely new universities were set up. In Britain, finance for universities comes from three sources: the first, and the largest source, is grants from the government, (Q16) the second source is fees paid by students and the third one is private donation. All the British universities except one is received some government funding. The exception is Buckingham, which is Britain's only independent university.
首先看看Q14，A项---商业企业;B项---作为一个整体的宇宙;C项---法律专业人员协
会;D项---教师和学者的协会。预测内容:本小题的听力内容涉及到对一个机构名称的定义
或对一个名词意义的界定。真题问题:What did the word "Universitas" mean in the Middle Ages?
(在中世纪，―Universitas‖这个词的含义是什么,)真题答案:D) An association of teachers and
scholars。结果分析:本小题是―原文照搬‖。
其次看看Q15，A项---那个期间它进行了最大的扩张;B项---它在社会上的作用经历了
戏剧性的变化;C项---一些小规模的大学合并成规模大的大学;D项---省级学院被较大规模
的大学所取代。预测内容:本小题的听力内容涉及到大学的演变情况。真题问题:Why was
the 1960s so significant for British Higher Education?(为什么20世纪60年代对于英国的高等
教育意义重大,)真题答案:A) Its largest expansion took place during that period。结果分析:
对原文稍作变动。
最后看看Q16，A项---私人的捐赠;B项---政府的资助;C项---企业的资助;D项---
学生缴纳的学费。预测:本小题的听力内容涉及到学校办学资金的来源。真题问题:What is
the main financial source for British universities?(英国大学的主要财政来源是什么,)真题答
案:B) Government funding。结果分析:理解原文，抓住关键词语(largest; from government)，
就能找出正确答案。
4、要善于捕捉解题信息
信息词是解题的钥匙，抓住了信息词，问题即可迎刃而解。解题信息可能是一个词、一
个短语、一个句子，甚至是一个标点;也可能是语音、语调或语气。听时要注意快速捕捉，
仔细辨析。
例如:2006年6月的四级考试全真题中的―Passage Three‖---说明文:介绍一个扶贫组织
―Heifer International‖。其全文(包括问题)如下:
One of the biggest problems in developing countries is hunger. An organization called Heifer International is working to improve the situation. The organization sends farm animals to families and communities around the world. An American farmer, Dan West, developed the idea for Heifer International in the 1930s. Mr. West was working in Spain where he discovered a need for cows. Many families were starving because of the civil war in that county. So Mr. West asked his friends in the United States to send some cows. The first Heifer animals were sent in 1944. Since that time, more than 4,000,000 people in 115 countries have had better lives because of Heifer animals. To receive a Heifer animal, families must first explain their needs and goals. They must also make a plan which will allow them to become self-supporting. Local experts usually provide training. The organization says that animals must have food, water, shelter, health care and the ability to reproduce. Without them, the animals will not remain healthy and productive. Heifer International also believes that families must pass on some of their success to others in need. This belief guarantees that each person who takes part in the program also becomes a giver. Every family that receives a Heifer animal must agree to give that animal's first female baby to other people in need. Families must also agree to pass on the skills and training they received from Heifer International. This concept helps communities become self-supporting.
Q17. What does the speaker tell us about Mr. West?
Q18. What is the ultimate goal of Heifer International?
Q19. What are families required to do after they receive support from Heifer International?
Q20. What is the major achievement of Heifer International?
本文的大意是:饥饿是发展中国家存在的一个大问题。一个叫―Heifer International‖的组
织致力于改善这种局面。这个组织的发起人是Mr. West。他偶然发现农民需要牛。于是，他
请朋友帮忙给当地农民弄来牛。这一工作逐步推广到一百多个国家，使四百多万人受益。
―Heifer International‖的目标是让更多的受援人―自食其力‖。
那么，短文以及问题中哪些是―信息(词)‖呢,
Q17的―信息‖是:Mr. West的有关情况，与之相对应的短文内容是:An American farmer,
Dan West, developed the idea for Heifer International in the 1930s。
Q18的―信息‖是:Heifer International的终极目标是什么,与之相对应的短文内容是:
This concept helps communities become self-supporting。
Q19的―信息‖是:Heifer International要求―受援家庭‖做些什么事,与之相对应的短文内
容是:families must pass on some of their success to others in need / each person who takes part in
the program also becomes a giver / Every family that receives a Heifer animal must agree to give
that animal's first female baby to other people in need. Families must also agree to pass on the
skills and training they received from Heifer International。
Q20的―信息‖是:Heifer International的主要功绩是什么,与之相对应的短文内容是:
Since that time, more than 4,000,000 people in 115 countries have had better lives because of
Heifer animals。
根据上面得到的信息，考生就很容易回答如下相关的问题:
Q17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.
B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.
C) He started the organization Heifer International.
D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.
Q18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.
B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.
C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.
D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.
Q19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.
B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.
C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.
D) They should provide food for the local communities.
Q20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.
B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.
C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.
D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.
5.要善于阅读选择项
由于只有大约15秒钟的答题时间，所以在阅读选择项时一定要避免逐词阅读，要运用
略读技巧，即:抓住关键字眼，明了选项大意即可。看选项时，不仅要―横看‖，而且要―竖
看‖。先把握四个选项共同的重要信息，然后再根据这些共同的信息来―联想‖这个题目可能
涉及的话题。如通过这样的预览，我们听的时候就会更有方向，而且很多单词由于事先已经
看过，就更加容易听出来。在很多情况下，四个选项中共同信息较多的选项，不但会成为预
览的重点，而且还可能直接成为正确答案。
例如:2003年6月四级听力全真题的第一篇听力短文的三组选项题如下:
Q11.
A) Anxious and worried.
B) Proud and excited.
C) Nervous and confused.
D) Inspired and confident.
横看:四项都是有关人们内心感受的形容词;
竖看:四组―感受‖的内容不一样;
预测:问故事主人翁的感受如何。
Q12.
A) His father scolded him severely.
B) His father took back the six dollars.
C) His father made him do the cutting again.
D) His father cut the leaves himself.
横看:父亲的对某件事的反应;
竖看:四种不同的反应;
预测:问儿子做错什么事了。
Q13.
A) One can benefit a lot from working with his father.
B) Manual labourers shouldn't be looked down upon.
C) One should always do his job earnestly.
D) Teenagers tend to be careless.
横看:判断性的语言;
竖看:四个不同的判断;
预测:问做工作的态度。
6、要边听作些必要的笔记
听力过程中要边听边想，必要时，要做一些笔记。录音中的细节，如重要的数字、人
物、地名、年月日等，仅凭大脑很难完全记住。因此，考试中可以有目地的、有选择的加以
记录，并将此作为快速准确选出答案的依据。记录的符号可以自己创造，原则是:越简单明
了越好。
例如:2003年6月四级听力全真题的第三篇听力短文(及问题)如下:
"Where is the university?" is the question many visitors to Cambridge ask. But no one could point at any one direction because there is no campus. The university consists of 31 self-governing colleges. It has lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, museums and offices throughout the city. Individual colleges choose their own students who have to meet their minimum entrance requirements set by the university. And the graduates usually live and study in their colleges but they are taught in very full groups. Lectures and laboratories and practical work are organized by the university and held in university buildings. There are over ten thousand undergraduates and three thousand five hundred postgraduates. About 40% of them are women and some 8% from overseas. As well as teaching, research is of major importance. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, more than sixty university members have won Nobel Prizes. The university has a huge number of buildings for teaching and research. It has more than 60 specialist subject libraries as well as the university library, which as the copy-right libraries, is entitled to a copy of every book published in Britain. Examinations are held and degrees are awarded by the university. It allowed women to take the university exams in the 1881, but it was not until 1948 that they
Q 19.What can be learnt from the passage about the libraries in Cambridge
Q 20.What do we know from the passage about the women students in Cambridge
其对应的四组选项题如下:
Q17.
A) Because there are no signs to direct them.
B) Because no tour guides are available.
C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.
D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.
Q18.
A) They set their own exams.
B) They select their own students.
C) They award their own degrees.
D) They organize their own laboratory work.
Q19.
A) Most of them have a long history.
B) Many of them are specialized libraries.
C) They house more books than any other university library.
D) They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.
Q20.
A) Very few of them are engaged in research.
B) They were not awarded degrees until 1948.
C) They have outnumbered male students.
D) They were not treated equally until 1881.
(KEY: 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.B)
这是一篇说明文，介绍英国剑桥大学的一些情况。根据浏览四组选项题以及考生所作的
预测，可以作如下笔记:
1)no campus (no cam)
2)choose their own students (choo Ss)
3)a copy of every book published in Britain (co boo pub Br)
4)not until 1948 that they were awarded degrees (no til 1948 awar degr)
有了上面的这些提示，回答问题时就会感到―胸有成竹‖，把握也就会更大。
三、 复习内容及训练方法
一)听力复习的注意事项
第一、熟悉各种语音。往年的四级考试都是以美音为主的，但是很多参加了近几年四级
考试的考生都反映听力部分中的那个女声发音比较奇怪，基本上听不懂。其实听不懂就是因
为这个女声是大多数考生不熟悉的英式发音。―前车之鉴，后事之师‖，准备参加四级考试的
考生也要注意这个问题。同学们可以选用一些英式发音的教材，和美式发音的教材交叉使用，
以便熟悉两种语音;听听―VOA‖和―BBC‖的特别英语节目也是一种熟悉两种不同语音的好办
法。要把握美式发音和英式发音的主要区别，以便在做听力时作出迅速的反应和判断。这样，
到了考试的时候就不会惊慌失措。
第二、要及时总结听力技巧。四级听力短文部分最大的考点就是同义变换。考生在复习
的过程中，及时总结一些同义变换的表达，会使自己受益匪浅。
例如:2003年12月四级听力全真题的第二篇听力短文(及问题)如下:
Passage Two
"Go to the playground and have fun," parents will often say to their kids. But they should
remember playgrounds can be dangerous. Each year about 200,000 children end up in hospital
emergency rooms with playground injuries. Many injuries involve falls from too high equipment
onto too hard surfaces. Nearly 70 percent of the injuries happen on public playgrounds. Recent
studies show they may be badly designed, their protective surfaces are inadequate, and their
equipment is poorly maintained (Q14). Parents should make sure that the equipment in the
playground is safe and that children are playing safely (Q15). Last year, the national program for
playground safety gave the nation's playgrounds a grade of C for safety after visiting more than
3000 playgrounds nationwide. Parents should watch closely. They should always be within shouting and running distance of their children. Young children don't understand cause and effect.
So they may run in front of moving swings. They're also better at climbing up than at getting
down. So they may panic at the top of a ladder. It's important for children to know you're watching
them. Once they feel that sense of security, that's when they can be creative (Q16).
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q14. What is the cause of playground injuries?
Q15. What should parents do to prevent playground injuries?
Q16. What does the speaker say about young children?
和上述内容对应的三组选项(及正确答案)如下:
Q 14.
A) Children don't get enough education in safety.
B) Children are keen on dangerous games.
C) The playgrounds are in poor condition.
D) The playgrounds are overcrowded.
Q 15.
A) They should help maintain the equipment.
B) They should keep a watchful eye on their children.
C) They should stop their children from climbing ladders.
D) They should teach their children how to use the equipment.
Q 16.
A) They tend to stay within shouting or running distance of their parents.
B) They should be aware of the porential risks in the playground.
C) They may panic in front of high playground equipment.
D) They can be creative when they feel secure.
下面看看三个小题的问题、原文内容以及正确答案的对照:
问题(Q14):在运动场受伤的原因是什么,
原文内容:设计差、缺乏地面保护以及设备维修匮乏
正确答案:运动场状态不佳
问题(Q15):为了防止(孩子)在运动场受伤，家长应该做些什么,
原文内容:家长应该确保运动设施安全以及孩子玩耍的安全
正确答案:他们应该看好他们的孩子
问题(Q16):对于小孩，(录音中的)那人说了些什么,
原文内容:一旦他们有安全感，他们就能发挥出创造能力
正确答案:当他们感到安全时，他们就会有创造力
第三、听力单词、短语以及一些―套语‖需要总结。听力考试中出现的许多单词、短语以
及―套语‖经常都会在四级考试中重现，这几乎成为确定的事实。所以，对这些―老面孔‖进行
总结相当重要。
第四、要精选听力材料。除了近几年的四级考试全真题以外，可以选听BBC和VOA
的特别英语节目。作为备考不仅要―泛听‖，同时也要―泛读‖。这样才能增加词汇量，扩大知
识面，做到心中有数，临考不慌。
二)具体的复习方法
1)要注意纠正自己的英语发音，以便适应英语听力考试。
2)一开始最好选择难度较小，语速较慢的听力材料来训练，以便打好基础。建议听的
材料不要太长，以一段150字到250字左右为宜，内容最好先听生活和文化方面，然后再适
当听听科技、议论方面的文章。一定要遵循―由浅入深‖的原则。
3)听的时间以每天一个小时为宜，时间不能太短，那样收不到训练的效果，但时间也
不能太长，因为时间太长就很容易产生疲劳，以致严重地影响听的兴趣和效果。
4)听的过程中要尽量避免外界因素的干扰，做到全神贯注，没有私心杂念。当然这种
境界需要通过不断地训练才能达到。
5)建议采取的听力方法:做听力笔记，及时地记下一些不熟知的词汇，因为听力中涉
及的常用词只有1000多个。熟悉了这些常用词，就能逐步进入听力的―自由王国‖。
6)挑选典型的材料进行―精听‖。考生可以在历年考题中选取20篇不同题材和不同体裁
的文章。一种方法是在不看文本的前提下，听一句复述一句，或者就跟着录音一起读。这样
可以省下许多复习时间;另一种方法就是听写，但材料必须―精中选精‖，这是打下扎实基础
的好方法。
四、 短文听力真题点评
一)2006年6月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] Rent a grave.
[B] Burn the body.
[C] Bury the dead near a church.
[D] Buy a piece of land for a grave.
27. [A] To solve the problem of lack of land.
[B] To see whether they have decayed.
[C] To follow the Greek religious practice.
[D] To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.
28. [A] They should be buried lying down.
[B] They should be buried standing up.
[C] They should be buried after being washed.
[D] They should be buried when partially decayed.
29. [A] Burning dead bodies to ashes.
[B] Storing dead bodies in a remote place.
[C] Placing dead bodies in a bone room.
[D] Digging up dead bodies after three years. Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. [A] Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.
[B] Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.
[C] The United States is a country of immigrants.
[D] Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.
31. [A] They can make friends with people from other countries.
[B] They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.
[C] They can practice speaking foreign languages there.
[D] They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.
32. [A] The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.
[B] The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.
[C] The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.
[D] A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33. [A] He took them to watch a basketball game.
[B] He trained them to play European football.
[C] He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.
[D] He taught them to play an exciting new game.
34. [A] The players found the basket too high to reach.
[B] The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.
[C] The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.
[D] The players soon found the game boring.
35. [A] By removing the bottom of the basket.
[B] By lowering the position of the basket.
[C] By simplifying the complex rules.
[D] By altering the size of the basket.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent a grave for three years and even after being dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Amphons is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Amphons city council wants to introduce cremation that is burning the dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problem. But the Greek Church resists this practice, they believe the only place where people burn is a hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground graveyards.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?
27. Why are most dead bodies in Amphons dug up after three years?
28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of the dead bodies?
29. What practice does the Greek church object to?
Passage 2
If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States offer international sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from Western Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of the most common international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese. They are very delicious and tasty.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?
31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?
32. How is it typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?
Passage 3
One winter day in 1891, a class of training school in Massachusetts, U. S. A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of young men felt they were in for a boring time. But their teacher, Janes Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on the new game that would have the excitement of American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at the each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football, at first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. ―Pass! Pass!‖ Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called ―basketball‖, was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world‘s most popular sports.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?
34. According to the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?
35. How was the problem with the new game solved?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
预览四道题各选项，由反复出现的bury, body, grave等词可推测本文与尸体在墓地的安
藏有关。
26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?
【解析】答案为 [D]。选项均为动词原形表明本题为考查―行为活动‖类型。四个选项均与埋藏尸体有关，[B]项概念太泛，其他三项都较具体，故[B]不大可能为答案。 [A]表示―租‖墓地，而[D]表示―买‖墓地，二者中很可能有一个为答案，听音时应重点关注。ever-lasting意为―持久的‖。根据首句中only rich people…就可基本确定答案为 [D](没有钱就买不起墓地)。
27. Why are most dead bodies in Amphons dug up after three years?
【解析】答案为 [A]。选项均为不定式表明本题很可能是考查做某事的目的或原因。根据短文主题及选项中decayed, move等词可推测， [B]中的they和 [C]中them应该是代指
―bodies‖。根据 [B]、[D]选项内容可推测本题很可能是与移动尸体的目的或原因有关。听音时应留意表示因果关系的连接词。一般这类询问目的或原因的题目往往是在问题上做句型的转换，也就是对原文的同义转述，答案则经常是原文的细节辨认，因此听音时应重点留意以下要点:lack of land;if decayed; religion; multi-storey graveyard。
28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of the dead bodies?
【解析】答案为 [B]。选项表明本题很可能是关于尸体埋藏的方式。由选项中的should可推测本题很可能与建议或意见有关。故听音时应重点留意表达建议或意见的词句。[D]是说在尸体部分腐烂的时候将尸体下藏，不太符合逻辑，可初步排除。[A]是说埋藏时将尸体躺着放，[B]则是说埋藏时将尸体立着放，二者正好相反，故很可能有一个为答案。本题的
选择可结合27题，如考生能确定27答案为[A]，便可基本确定本题答案为[B](buried standing up?save land?solve the problem of lack of land)。
29. What practice does the Greek church object to?
【解析】答案为 [A]。选项均为动名词表明本题为考查―行为活动‖类型。四个选项均表示处理尸体的方式，故本题很可能是关于除埋藏以外的其他处理尸体的方式。[D]是说三年后将尸体挖出，仍然与埋藏尸体有关，且不属于尸体的安置方式，与其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。听音时应留意以下要点:burn;store in remote place;place in bone room。本题只要抓住burn一词便不难选出答案。
Passage 2
预览三道题各选项，由选项中immigrants, other countries, other cultures以及eating out, foreign foods, cooking等词可推测本文与美国的移民及美国人的饮食习惯有关。
30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?
【解析】答案为 [C]。选项中的foreign, immigrants表明本题很可能与美国对外来食物的喜好有关。[A]、[C]、[D]三项均与―外来食物‖有关，[B]是说美国人喜欢和朋友―外出吃饭‖，与外来食物无关，故[B]可初步排除。[D]是说美国人更偏爱外来食物而不大喜欢自己国家的食物，说法过于绝对(这应该只是一部分美国人的喜好)，故也可初步排除。因此本题的关键就是在―tourists(游客)‖和―immigrants(移民)‖之间选择。
31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?
【解析】 答案为 [B]。选项中都含有can表明本题很可能与做某事能够达到的目的有关。由选项中的other countries, other cultures, foreign等可推测本题很可能涉及到与其他国家人民的接触。根据对主题的分析可知本文主要与饮食有关，而[C]、[D]分别是从语言和商业角度来说，与主题不太相关，且从其他各题选项中均找不到与这两方面相关的线索，故二者均不大可能为答案。故本题主要应在[A](make friends)和[B](know other cultures)之间选择。而根据常识，饮食应该与文化和生活方式联系比较紧密，因此答案为[B]的可能性更大。 32. How is it typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?
【解析】 答案为 [C]。选项中waitress, serve, guests以及husband, mother, children等表
明本题很可能与家庭经营的餐馆中各个家庭成员如何分工有关。四个选项中负责cooking的
人均不同，分别是couple, husband, mother和hired cook。故听音时只要辨别出由谁来cooking
即可确定答案。wait on sb. 意为―照料或侍侯某人(尤指进餐时)‖。
Passage 3
预览三道题各选项，由选项中basketball game, basket, rules等可推测本文与篮球比赛和
比赛规则有关。
33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?
【解析】答案为 [D]。选项中train, let, taught表明he很可能是代指―教练‖。本题很可能
是问教练带领或教队员们做什么。[A]是说―观看‖篮球比赛，而从本题其他选项及34题各选
项可知队员们应该是亲自在―参与‖比赛，故[A]可初步排除。[B]是说踢欧洲足球(football)，
而本题及其他题各选项中涉及的均是篮球(basketball)，故[B]也可初步排除。根据34题[C]
和35题[C]中的rules可推测本文很可能介绍的是一种新型比赛项目(new game)，故本题的
答案最有可能为[D]。
34. According to the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?
【解析】答案为 [B]。选项中trouble, difficulty表明本题很可能与比赛中的问题或困难
有关。[D]不是比赛过程中具体的问题，与其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。因此听
音时应重点关注以下要点:问题,basket too high, ball out of basket, complex rules。
35. How was the problem with the new game solved?
【解析】答案为 [A]。选项表明本题是关于做某事的方式。而前面分析可知，34题是
关于比赛中的问题或困难，故本题很可能是关于如何解决该问题或困难。因此本题答案的选
择可联系34题。而稍加分析便不难发现，本题中[A]、[B]、[C]分别是针对34题[B]、[A]、
[C]三种问题的解决办法，因此只要抓住问题或解决办法中的任何一方面，便可确定两道题
的答案。remove意为―去除，去掉‖。
二)2006年12月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] Monitor students‘ sleep patterns.
[B] Help students concentrate in class.
[C] Record students‘ weekly performance.
[D] Ask students to complete a sleep report.
27. [A] Declining health.
[B] Lack of attention.
[C] Loss of motivation.
[D] Improper behavior.
28. [A] They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.
[B] They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.
[C] They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.
[D] They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep. Passage 2
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] She stopped being a homemaker.
[B] She became a famous educator.
[C] She became a public figure.
[D] She quit driving altogether.
30. [A] A motorist‘s speeding.
[B] Her running a stop sign.
[C] Her lack of driving experience.
[D] A motorist‘s failure to concentrate.
31. [A] Nervous and unsure of herself.
[B] Calm and confident of herself.
[C] Courageous and forceful.
[D] Distracted and reluctant.
32. [A] More strict training of women drivers.
[B] Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.
[C] Improved traffic conditions in cities.
[D] New regulations to ensure children‘s safety.
Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33. [A] They haven‘t devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel.
[B] There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.
[C] It is not economical to find a cure for each for each type of cold.
[D] They believe people can recover without treatment.
34. [A] They reveal the seriousness of the problem.
[B] They indicate how fast the virus spreads.
[C] They tell us what kind of medicine to take.
[D] They show our body is fighting the virus.
35. [A] It actually does more harm than good.
[B] It causes damage to some organs of our body.
[C] It works better when combined with other remedies.
[D] It helps us to recover much sooner.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material，learning
new lessons and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study‘s
lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. ―If
we don‘t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids‘ struggling academically, then
we aren‘t doing our job‖, Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, ―getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time‖.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What were teachers told to do in the experiment?
27. According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?
28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?
Passage 2
Patricia Pania never wanted to be a public figure. All she wanted to be was a mother and home-maker. But her life was turned upside down when a motorist, distracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pania reluctantly but courageously decided to try to educate the public and to fight for laws to ban drivers from using cell phones while a car is moving. She wanted to save other children from what happened to her daughter. In her first speech, Pania got off to a shaky start. She was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic transformation took place. She stopped shaking and spoke with a strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know what she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In subsequent presentations, Pania gained reputation as a highly effective speaker. Her appearance on a talk show was broadcast three times, transmitting her message to over 40 million people. Her campaign increased public awareness of the problem, and prompted over 300 cities and several states to consider restrictions on cell phone use. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What was the significant change in Patricia Pania‘s life?
30. What had led to Pania‘s personal tragedy?
31. How did Pania feel when she began her first speech?
32. What could be expected as a result of Pania‘s efforts?
Passage 3
Many people catch a cold in the spring time or fall. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon. Why can‘t they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There‘re actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn‘t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and causes a blockade in it. You feel terrible because you can‘t
breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to relieve various symptoms of colds. There was one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer, because your body doesn‘t develop a way to fight it and kill it.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. According to the passage, why haven‘t scientists found a cure for the common cold?
34. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?
35. What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to
the passage?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
预览三道题各选项，由反复出现的sleep, students, attention等词可推测本文与学生睡眠
不足及其对学业的影响有关。
26. What were teachers told to do in the experiment?
【解析】答案为 [C]。选项均为动词原形表明本题为考查―行为活动‖类型。问题是老师
在实验中被要求做的事，四个选项中[B]项指帮助学生在课堂上集中注意力，概念太泛，其
他三项都较具体，故[B]不大可能为答案。 [D]表示让学生完成一份睡眠报告，文中没有提
到，为干扰项。[A]表示监测学生睡眠方式，而[C]表示记录学生每周表现，二者中很可能有
一个为答案，听音时应重点关注。根据句中―In the study, teachers …when completing weekly performance reports‖,就可基本确定答案为 [C]。
27. According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?
【解析】答案为 [B]。选项中Declining，Lack，Loss，Improper均为贬义，表明本题很
可能是考查某种行为带来的不良影响。一般这类询问结果的题目往往是对原文的细节辨认，
因此听音时应重点留意以下要点:elementary and middle school students;stay up late; exhibit
more learning and attention problems。
28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?
【解析】答案为 [D]。本题属于分析推断题。选项表明本题很可能是为解决睡眠不足对
孩子学业的影响，父母应该如何做。由选项中的should可推测本题与建议或意见有关。故
听音时应重点留意表达建议或意见的词句，如研究人员试图给父母传达的信息。[A]是说父
母应确保学生总是按时到校，[B]是说父母应确保孩子成长在健康的环境中，[C]是说父母应
帮助孩子们高质量的完成作业，都与文章主题无关，故排除。如考生能确定本文是讲述学生
睡眠不足及其对学业的影响，便可基本确定本题答案为[D](see to it that their children have adequate sleep)。
Passage 2
预览四道题各选项，由选项中She, driving, motorist以及traffic, regulations等词可推测
本文与某位妇女的个人驾驶经历以及后来的人生改变有关。
29. What was the significant change in Patricia Pania‘s life?
【解析】答案为 [C]。文章开头指出Patricia Pania 从来没有想当一位 public figure. 她
所想的只是做一名 mother and home-maker. 但当一个motorist因为用手机打电话而分神，撞
到她的车的一侧时，Pania的人生完全逆转了。听音时应留意以下要点: never，public figure，
turned upside down，distracted，cell phone, crashed into the side of her car。本题只要抓住开头
便不难选出答案。
30. What had led to Pania‘s personal tragedy?
【解析】答案为 [D]。选项分为两类，[A]、[C]均与a motorist 的过失有关，[B]、[D] 都
指是she个人的错误，表明本题很可能是问造成某事的原因。因此本题的关键就是在
―motorist‖和―Pania‖之间选择。根据文中句子―…a motorist, distracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car.‖就可基本确定答案为 [D]。
31. How did Pania feel when she began her first speech?
【解析】 答案为 [A]。选项中都含有形容词(Nervous and unsure， Calm and confident，
Courageous and forceful，Distracted and reluctant)，表明本题很可能是在描述她的感受,属于
细节辨认题一类，因此听音时应重点留意以下要点:first speech, a shaky start，visibly trembling，soft and uncertain。显然答案为[A]的可能性更大。
32. What could be expected as a result of Pania‘s efforts?
【解析】 答案为 [B]。本题属于分析推断题，很可能是问从事件中应吸取怎样的教训。
选项 [A]是说应对女性司机进行更多训练，暗指文中交通事故是因为Pania自身的原因。[C]
是说要完善城市交通状况，与文章主题无关，可排除。[D]是说要采取新的规则保证孩子们
的安全，太过笼统，也可初步排除。根据30题[D]( A motorist‘s failure to concentrate)可推测
本文很可能告诫人们在驾驶时应限制手机使用，故本题的答案最有可能为[B]。
Passage 3
预览三道题各选项，由选项中medicine, cold viruses, remedies, recover等可推测本文与
感冒病毒和治疗康复有关。
33. According to the passage, why haven‘t scientists found a cure for the common cold?
【解析】答案为 [B]。本题很可能是问感冒治愈困难的原因。选项[A]、[D]均从
They(scientists)的角度出发，[B]、[C] 都指是客观理由，[B]是说感冒病毒种类繁多，难以识
别;[C]表明为人们身上的每种病毒找到治疗方案并不经济。根据开头句子―There‘re actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn‘t
a cure for each one.‖可确定感冒治愈困难的原因是病毒种类繁多，因此答案为 [B]。
34. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?
【解析】答案为 [D]。选项中virus, medicine，fighting表明本题很可能与感冒如何被治
愈有关。[A]不是与感冒相关的问题，和其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。本文主题
是强调人体自身具有抵抗感冒病毒的能力，以及解释在战胜病毒方面人体是如何发挥作用
的。结合句子―When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it.‖可确定答案
为[D]。
35. What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the
passage?
【解析】答案为 [A]。四个选项表述各自不同说明本题是细节辨认题。因此听音时应重
点关注提问,some scientists, say about, taking medicines ,for the common cold。而前面分析可
知人体自身能够战胜感冒病毒，故服用药物很可能是适得其反(actually bad for you)。因此
本题答案的选择可联系34题，只要抓住问题或文章主题，便可确定答案为 [A]。
三)2007年6月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] Her parents thrived in the urban environment.
[B] Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.
[C] Her parents immigrated to America.
[D] Her parents set up an ice-cream store.
27. [A] He taught English in Chicago.
[B] He was crippled in a car accident.
[C] He worked to become an executive.
[D] He was born with a limp
28. [A] She was fond of living an isolated life.
[B] She was fascinated by American culture.
[C] She was very generous in offering help.
[D] She was highly devoted lo her family.
Passage 2
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] He suffered a nervous breakdown.
[B] He was wrongly diagnosed.
[C] He was seriously injured.
[D] He developed a strange disease.
30. [A] He was able lo talk again.
[B] He raced to the nursing home.
[C] He could tell red and blue apart.
[D] He could not recognize his wife.
31. [A] Twenty-nine days.
[B] Two and a half months.
[C] Several minutes.
[D] Fourteen hours.
32. [A] They welcomed the publicity in the media.
[B] They avoided appearing on television.
[C] They released a video of his progress.
[D] They declined to give details of his condition. Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33. [A] For people to share ideas and show farm products.
[B] For officials to educate the farming community.
[C] For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.
[D] For farmers to celebrate their harvests.
34. [A] By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.
[B] By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.
[C] By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.
[D] By performing a special skill at the entrance.
35. [A] They contribute to the modernization of American farms
[B] They help to increase the state governments' revenue.
[C] They provide a stage for people to give performances.
[D] They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
My mother was born in a small town in northern Italy. She was three when her parents
immigrated to America in 1926. They lived in Chicago when my grandfather worked making ice
cream. Mama thrived in the urban environment. At 16, she graduated first in her high school class,
went onto secretarial school, and finally worked as an executive secretary for a railroad company.
She was beautiful too. When a local photographer used her pictures in his monthly window
display, she felt pleased. Her favorite portrait showed her sitting by Lake Michigan, her hair went
blown, her gaze reaching toward the horizon. My parents were married in 1944. Dad was a quiet and intelligent man. He was 17 when he left Italy. Soon after, a hit-and-run accident left him with a permanent limp. Dad worked hard selling candy to Chicago office workers on their break. He had little formal schooling. His English was self-taught. Yet he eventually built a small successful wholesale candy business. Dad was generous and handsome. Mama was devoted to him. After she married, my mother quit her job and gave herself to her family. In 1950, with three small children, dad moved the family to a farm 40 miles from Chicago. He worked land and commuted to the city to run his business. Mama said goodbye to her parents and friends, and traded her busy city neighborhood for a more isolated life. But she never complained.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What does the speaker tells us about his mother's early childhood?
27. What do we learn about the speaker' s father?
28. What does the speaker say about his mother?
Passage 2
During a 1995 roof collapse, a firefighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For ten years, he was unable to speak. Then, one Saturday morning, he did something that shocked his family and doctors. He started speaking. " I want to talk to my wife." Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he has lived for more than seven years, raced to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. "It was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had with his family and friends during the 14 hour stretch" Herbert' s uncle Simon Menka said. "How long have I been away?" Herbert asked. "We told him almost ten years," the uncle said, "he thought it was only three months." Herbert was fighting a house fire December 29,1995 when the roof collapsed, burying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since. News accounts in the days and years after his injury, described Herbert as blind and with little if any memory. A video shows him receiving physical therapy but apparently unable to communicate and with little awareness of his surroundings. Menka declined to discuss his nephew' s current condition or whether the apparent progress is continuing. "The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert", he said. As word of Herbert' s progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. " He' s resting comfortably," the uncle told them.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago?
30. What surprised Donald Herbert' s family and doctors one Saturday?
31. How long did Herbert remain unconscious?
32. How did Herbert' s family react to the public attention?
Passage 3
Almost all states in America have a state fair. They last for one, two or three weeks. The Indiana state fair is one of the largest and oldest state fairs in USA. It is held every summer. It started in 1852. Its goals were to educate, share ideas, and present Indiana' s best products. The cost of a single ticket to enter the fair was 20 cents. During the early 1930' s, officials of the fair ruled that the people could attend by paying with something other than money. For example, farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket. With the passage of time, the fair has grown and changed a lot, but it' s still one of Indiana' s most celebrated events. People from all over Indiana and from many other states attend the fair. They can do many things at the fair. They
can watching the judging of the price cows, pigs, and other animals; they can see sheep getting their wool cut, and they can learn how that wool is made into clothing; they can watch cows giving birth. In fact, people can learn about the animals they would see except at the fair. The fair provides a chance for the farming communities to show its skills and farming products. For example, visitors might see the world' s largest apple, or the tallest sunflower plant. Today, children and adults at the fair can play new computer games, or attend more traditional games of skill. They can watch performances performed by famous entertainers. Experts say such fairs are important, because people need to remember that they' re connected to the earth and its products, and they depend on animals for many things.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. What were the main goals of the Indiana' s state fair when it started?
34. How did some farmers gain the entrance to the fair in the early 1930's?
35. Why state fairs are important events in the America?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
预览三道题各选项，可推测本文题材是一篇讲述人物经历的小故事。听完篇章理解后，
我们知道文章说的是有关美国在40、50年代的早期移民和他们的生活。这个作者是以一个
女儿的身份来叙述自己的父母年轻时候的故事。
26. What does the speaker tells us about his mother's early childhood?
【解析】答案为 [C]。问题是有关她母亲早年的一个基本情况。这个我们应该选择的是
她的父母是移民到美国的。文章开头已说明―My mother was born in a small town in northern
Italy. She was three when her parents immigrated to America in 1926. ‖选项[A]、[B]、[D]都是干
扰项，听音时应注意分辨。。
27. What do we learn about the speaker' s father?
【解析】答案为 [B]。问题是有关她的父亲的。[A]选项是说她的父亲在芝加哥教英语。
[B]选项是说她的父亲在一次车祸中腿跛了。[C]选项是说她的父亲工作非常努力，而且成为
一个企业的管理人员了。[D]选项是说她的父亲天生就是一个跛子。一般这类询问个人具体
情况的题目往往是对原文的细节辨认，因此听音时应重点留意以下要点a hit-and-run
accident;left him with a permanent(永久的)limp。
28. What does the speaker say about his mother?
【解析】答案为 [D]。问题是有关她的母亲的情况。应该是她的母亲是非常非常慷慨的，
为家庭贡献出了很多，因为在原文中有这么一句话，―After she married, my mother quit her job
and gave herself to her family.‖表明自从她父母结婚了以后，她父亲有了自己的事业，她母亲
就辞了工作，在家照顾他们。所以选项[D] She was highly devoted lo her family为正确答案。
Passage 2
预览四道题各选项，可推测本文题材是也一篇讲述某人遭遇的小故事。听完篇章理解后，
我们知道文章说的是一个消防员在一次救火行动中，因为着火的房屋坍塌，把他被困其中，
受了很大的伤。后来医治的还可以，但是变成了一个不会说话，只有些许意识的人。经过一
段时间的治疗之后，有一天早晨，他就忽然恢复了语言的能力了，让大家感到非常非常惊喜。
29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago?
【解析】答案为 [C]。四个选项都是指在这个人身上发生的事情，因此问题很可能是问
这个人经历了怎样的变故。[A]选项是说他的神经坏了，[B]选项是说他被误诊了，[C]选项
是说他伤得很重，[D]选项是说他得了怪病。文章开头指出因为着火的房屋坍塌，消防员
Donald Herbert脑部受伤，以致十年都不能开口说话。所以选他受伤了，并且伤的很严重，
答案为 [C]。
30. What surprised Donald Herbert' s family and doctors one Saturday?
【解析】答案为 [A]。四个选项后面各自不同表明本题是细节辨认题。因此听音时应重
点关注提问,What surprised, family and doctors, one Saturday。而前面分析得知消防员
Donald Herbert脑部受伤，以致十年都不能开口说话。因此令人惊讶的应该是他又能够说话
了。
31. How long did Herbert remain unconscious?
【解析】 答案为 [B]。选项中都含有表示一段时间的词(Twenty-nine days，Two and a
half months，Several minutes，Fourteen hours)，属于细节辨认题一类，因此听音时应边听边
做一些简明的记录，不仅要记录下这些时间方面的数据，而且还要记下与之相关的信息。根
据文中句子―After going without air for several minutes, Herbert was unconscious for two and a
half months and has undergone therapy ever since.‖显然答案为[B]。
32. How did Herbert' s family react to the public attention?
【解析】 答案为 [D]。本题很可能是问They(Herbert' s family)面对公众媒体关注的
反映。选项[A]是说欢迎媒体将Herbert的病情进展公之与众。选项[B]是说避免在电视上露
面。选项[C]是说公布了一份有关Herbert病情进展的录像。选项[D]是说拒绝透露Herbert
现状的详细情况。根据原文―Menka declined to discuss his nephew' s current condition or whether the apparent progress is continuing.‖可推测本题的答案最有可能为[D]。
Passage 3
预览三道题各选项，由选项中farm products, American farms，exchange, fair等可推测本
文与美国农产品和农产品展览有关。
33. What were the main goals of the Indiana' s state fair when it started?
【解析】答案为 [A]。本题很可能是问举办农产品展览的原因。该题应该选择的是，很
多人要分享一下有关农产品。因为这个短文讲的是现在美国每年都有农产品集这么一个活
动，定期来集中展示农产品。所以答案是，人们愿意去分享有关展示农产品的这样一个概念
和一个想法( For people to share ideas and show farm products)，因此选[A]。
34. How did some farmers gain the entrance to the fair in the early 1930's?
【解析】答案为 [B]。问题是在三十年代早期观众想进这个农产品展览的时候，他们要
用什么来买票,结合句子―During the early 1930‘ s, officials of the fair ruled that the people could attend by paying with something other than money. For example, farmers brought a bag of
grain in exchange for a ticket.‖我们得知他们被规定不能用钱，而是用一袋他们收获的粮食来
换这个门票。本题强调的是对时间数字及其相关信息的细节确认。
35. Why state fairs are important events in the America?
【解析】答案为 [D]。四个选项都说的是举办活动(state fairs)所起的作用，提问应该
是有关这个活动的意义。本题是中心思想题，因此听音时应重点关注首句和尾句，首句一般
开篇点明主题(美国农产品和农产品展览)，而尾句则总结全文。根据尾句―Experts say such
fairs are important, because people need to remember that they' re connected to the earth and its
products, and they depend on animals for many things.‖表明这个活动的意义就是提醒了美国人
有关这个农业的重要性。因此只要抓住问题和文章主题，便可确定答案为 [D]。
四)2007年12月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] They care a lot about children.
[B] They need looking after in their old age.
[C] They want to enrich their life experience.
[D] They want children to keep them company.
27. [A] They are usually adopted from distant places.
[B] Their birth information is usually kept secret.
[C] Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.
[D] Their adoptive parents don‘t want them to know their birth parents.
28. [A] They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.
[B] They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.
[C] They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.
[D] They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search. 29. [A] Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.
[B] Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.
[C] Understanding is the key to successful adoption.
[D] Adoption has much to do with love.
Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. [A] He suffered from mental illness.
[B] He bought the washington post.
[C] He turned a failing newspaper into a success.
[D] He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.
31. [A] She was the first woman to lead a big U.S. publishing company.
[B] She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.
[C] She committed suicide because of her mental disorder.
[D] She took over her father‘s position when he died.
32. [A] People came to see the role of women in the business world.
[B] Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans‘ mind.
[C] American media would be quite different without Katharine.
[D] Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.
Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard 33. [A] It‘ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.
[B] It‘ll allow them to receive free medical treatment.
[C] It‘ll protect them from possible financial crises.
[D] It‘ll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.
34. [A] They can‘t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.
[B] They have to go through very complicated application procedures.
[C] They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.
[D] They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment. 35. [A] They don‘t have to pay for the medical services.
[B] They needn‘t pay the entire medical bill at once.
[C] They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.
[D] They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
When couples get married, they usually plan to have children. Sometimes, however, a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case, they may decide to adopt a child. In fact, adoption is very common today. There are about 60 thousand adoptions each year in the United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt infants, others adopt older children, some couples adopt children from their own countries, others adopt children from foreign countries. In any case, they all adopt children for the same reason ---- they care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life. Most adopted children know that they are adopted. Psychologists and child-care experts generally think this is a good idea. However, many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents. As a matter of fact, it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret so no one can see it. Naturally, adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents. Many adoptees want to search for them, but others do not. The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make. Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents. Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents, they do know that their adopted parents want them, love them and will care for them.
Questions 26-29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. According to the speaker, why do some couples adopt children?
27. Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents?
28. Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents?
29. What can we infer from the passage?
Passage 2
Katherine Gram graduated from University of Chicago in 1938 and got a job as a news reporter in San Francisco. Katherine‘s father used to be a successful investment banker. In 1933, he bought a failing newspaper, the Washington Post. Then Katherine returned to Washington and got a job, editing letters in her father‘s newspaper. She married Philip Gram, who took over his father-in-law‘s position shortly after and became publisher of the Washington Post. But for many years, her husband suffered from mental illness and he killed himself in 1963. After her husband‘s death, Katherine operated the newspaper. In the 1970s, the newspaper became famous around the world and Katherine was also recognized as an important leader in newspaper publishing. She was the first woman to head a major American publishing company, the Washington Post company. In a few years, she successfully expanded the company to include newspaper, magazine, broadcast and cable companies. She died of head injuries after a fall when she was 84. More than 3 thousand people attended her funeral including many government and business leaders. Her friends said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world. Katherine once wrote, ―The world without newspapers would not be the same kind of world‖. After her death, the employees of the Washington Post wrote, ―The world without Katherine would not be the same at all.‖
Questions 30-32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. What do we learn from the passage about Katherine‘s father?
31. What does the speaker tell us about Katherine Gram?
32. What does the comment by employees of the Washington Post suggest?
Passage 3
Obtaining good health insurance is a real necessity while you are studying overseas. It protects you from minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out not only your savings but your dreams of an education abroad. There are often two different types of health insurance you can consider buying, international travel insurance and student insurance in the country where you will be going. An international travel insurance policy is usually purchased in your home country before you go abroad. It generally covers a wide variety of medical services and you are often given a list of doctors in the area where you will travel who may even speak your native language. The drawback might be that you may not get your money back immediately, in other words, you may have to pay all you medical expenses and then later submit your receipts to the insurance company. On the other hand, getting student heath insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of the medical cost at the time of service and thus you don‘t have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once. Whatever you decide, obtaining some form of health insurance is something you should consider before you go overseas. You shouldn‘t wait until you are sick with major medical bills to pay off.
Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Why does the speaker advice overseas students to buy health insurance?
34. What is the drawback of students buying international travel insurance?
35. What does the speaker say about students getting health insurance in the country where they will study?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
本文对―收养子女‖这一热点问题进行了分析。全文的核心词是adopt(收养)和adoptee
(被收养者)。
26. According to the speaker, why do some couples adopt children?
【解析】答案为 [A]。本题的考点在……In any case, they all adopt children for the same
reason. They care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life.，除了正确答案
之外，其他题干都是无关选项，故选择[A]。
27. Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents?
【解析】答案为 [B]。本题的问题是为什么被收养的孩子要获得亲生父母的信息很困难。
听力标志词依然在常考考点however之后:However, ……As a matter of fact, it is often very
difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents. Because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret, so no one can see it.原文中再次出现了因
果关系考察，because非常明显;本题的另一个考点是难词，解题点可以是seal，也可以是
后面的secret，四级考试不会将难词(组)作为考点，所以即便同学们没有听懂seal(密封)
依然可以根据后面的内容解题。答案选择[B]。
28. Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents?
【解析】答案为 [C]。本题无论问题还是答案都是原文复现，考察了被收养者为何觉得
下决心寻找亲生父母非常困难，如文中所示……The decision to search for birth parents is a
difficult one to make.(问题)Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents.(回答)……。答案自然选择[C]。本题又一次出现了因果关系考察。
29. What can we infer from the passage?
【解析】答案为 [D]。本题是四级听力文章题中为数不多的主旨题考察，题干特点是互
不相干的论点式陈述句，而且一定在最后一题考察。本题考点在文章结束部分:……Even
though adoptees do not know about their natural parents, they do know that their adoptive parents
want them, love them and will care for them.正确答案为[D]。
Passage 2
本文是人物传记，简要介绍了Katharine Gram，华盛顿邮报曾经的执掌者，同时也是一
位影响了美国乃至全世界的伟大女性。通篇出现了四级听力的常考词paper，这里的意思是
报纸，希望同学们注意它曾经出现过的其他考点:论文、考卷、文件等。
30. What do we learn from the passage about Katherine‘s father?
【解析】答案为 [B]。本题考察了Katharine父亲的信息，预读技巧相似于第26题，考
点在……Katharine‘s father used to be a successful investment banker. In 1933 he bought a failing
newspaper,The Washington Post.几乎原文复现。答案为 [B]。
31. What does the speaker tell us about Katherine Gram?
【解析】答案为 [A]。本题具有一定的难度，问题类似于―What is mentioned in the passage?‖要求同学们听到的信息量很大，但是考点依然是原文复现:……She was the first woman to head a major American publishing company…….，故选择[A]。本题的另一个考点是
同义词替换，这也是提升考题难度的简单方法，毕竟是四级考试，无论是听到的单词(head)
还是题干中出现的选项(lead)，都相当简单。
32. What does the comment by employees of the Washington Post suggest?
【解析】答案为 [D]。本题具有相当难度，是文章结尾处对Katharine评价的推论性考
察，出现了难词exert(施加)。事实上，同学们不一定对文章结尾的评价有清晰的理解，但
是之前的信息恰恰和题干吻合:……Her friends said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world.，这里的influence
与exert对应。所以在听文章题时，切忌选择自我感觉良好的推论性结论，而一定要从文章
中选择听到的内容。正确答案为[D]。
Passage 3
本文是说明文，简单介绍了学生医疗保险的作用。
33. Why does the speaker advice overseas students to buy health insurance?
【解析】答案为 [C]。本题的问题是海外求学的人为什么要购买健康保险。解题方法同
第一、二篇的第一题，直接选择听到的内容，即便有些单词无法在短时间内辨认。解题点
在……It protects you from minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out not only your
savings, but you dreams of an education abroad.当然，本题出现了简单推论，不要求同学们知
道financial crises的明确含义，但是至少知道是和钱有关，而原文中的expense和savings皆
是此意。
34. What is the drawback of students buying international travel insurance?
【解析】答案为 [A]。本题的问题是国际旅行保险的缺点是什么。……The drawback might be that you may not get your money back immediately. In other words, you may have to pay
all your medical expenses and then later submit your receipts to the insurance company. 解题点
在drawback开始的两句中。因为出现in other words，故从问题本身来看，回答前半句或者
后半句都可以。而我们的出题者在题干中依然选择了最为简单的描述，毕竟后半句出现了
submit(递交)和receipts(收据)这两个难词。其实原版新闻稿中并不是get your money back，
而是reimburse(报销)这个六级单词，显然这不是四级同学可以在听力中能够理解的，所
以出题者改成简单结构，答案选择[A]。
35. What does the speaker say about students getting health insurance in the country where they
will study?
【解析】答案为 [B]。本题的考点类似第一题，选择唯一听到的内容，对于预读能力强
的同学，还可以大致看出，解题点是到底要不要pay，如果需要，pay得多还是少，关键听
pay一词的相关内容。解题点在文章结尾:……On the other hand, getting student health insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of
the medical cost at the time of service and thus, you don't have to have sufficient cash to pay the
entire bill at once.本题的另一考点是论证结构。科技科普和热点议论类文章一般考察的是论
点，并列论证或者正反对比论证的提示词诸如however，on the other hand，first(ly)，second(ly)
后面的内容必有考点。
五)2008年6月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] The lack of time.
[B] The quality of life.
[C] The frustrations at work.
[D] The pressure on working families.
27. [A] They were just as busy as people of today.
[B] They saw the importance of collective efforts.
[C] They didn't complain as much as modern man.
[D] They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.
28. [A] To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.
[B] To explore strategies for lowering production costs.
[C] To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.
[D] To find effective ways to give employees flexibility. Passage 2
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] Family violence.
[B] The Great Depression.
[C] Her father's disloyalty.
[D] Her mother's bad temper.
30. [A] His advanced age.
[B] His children's efforts.
[C] His improved financial condition.
[D] His second wife's positive influence.
31. [A] Love is blind.
[B] Love breeds love.
[C] Divorce often has disastrous consequences.
[D] Happiness is hard to find in blended families. Passage 3
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
32. [A] It was located in a park.
[B] Its owner died of a heart attack..
[C] It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
[D] Its potted plants were for lease only.
33. [A] Planting some trees in the greenhouse.
[B] Writing a want ad to a local newspaper.
[C] Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.
[D] Helping a customer select some purchases.
34. [A] Opening an office in the new office park.
[B] Keeping better relations with her company.
[C] Developing fresh business opportunities.
[D] Building a big greenhouse of his own.
35. [A] Owning the greenhouse one day.
[B] Securing a job at the office park..
[C] Cultivating more potted plants.
[D] Finding customers out of town.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
I think a lot about time and not just because it‘s the name of the news organization I work for. Like most working people, I find time or the lack of it, are never ending frustration and an unwinable battle. My every day is a race against the clock that I never ever seem to win. This is hardly a lonesome complaint, according to the families and work institutes, national study of the changing work force, 55% of the employees say they don‘t have enough time for themselves, 63% don‘t have enough time for their spouses or partners, and 67% don‘t have enough time for their children. It‘s also not a new complaint. I bet our ancestors returned home from hunting wild animals and gathering nuts, and complained about how little time they had to paint battle scenes on their cave walls. The difference is that the boss of the animal hunting and the head of nut gathering probably told them to ―Shut up!‖ or ―No survival for you!‖ Today‘s workers are still demanding control over their time, the difference is: today‘s bosses are listening. I‘ve been reading
a report issued today called When Work Works, produced jointly by 3 organizations. They set out to find and award the employers who employ the most creative and most effective ways to give their workers flexibility. I found this report worth reading and suggest every boss should read it for ideas.
Questions 26-28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the speaker complaining about?
27. What does the speaker say about our ancestors?
28. Why does the speaker suggest all bosses read the report by the 3 organizations? Passage 2
Loving a child is a circular business. The more you give, the more you get. The more you want to give, Penalapy Leach once said. What she said proves to be true of my blended family. I was born in 1931. As the youngest of six children, I learn to share my parents‘ love. Raising 6 children during the difficult times of the Great Depression took its toll on my parents‘ relationship and resulted in their divorce when I was 18 years old. Daddy never had very close relationships with his children and drifted even farther away from us after the divorce. Several years later, a
wonderful woman came into his life, and they were married. She had two sons. One of them is still at home. Under her influence we became a blended family and a good relationship developed between the two families. She always treated us as if we were her own children. It was because of our other mother, daddy‘s second wife, that he became closer to his own children. They shared over 25 years together before our father passed away. At the time of his death, the question came up of my mother, daddy‘s first wife, attending his funeral. I will never forget the unconditional love shown by my stepmother, when I asked her if she would object to mother attending daddy‘s
funeral. Without giving it a second thought, she immediately replied, ―Of course not, honey, she is the mother of my children.‖
Questions 29-31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. According to the speaker, what contributed to her parents‘ divorce?
30. What brought the father closer to his children?
31. What message does the speaker want to convey in this talk?
Passage 3
In February last year, my wife lost her job. Just as suddenly, the owner of the greenhouse where I worked as manager died of a heart attack. His family announced that they were going to close the business because no one in the family wanted to run it. Things looked pretty gloomy. My wife and I read the want-ads each day. Then one morning, as I was hanging out ―Going out of
Business‖ sign at the greenhouse, the door opened and in walked a customer. She was an office manager whose company has just moved into the new office park on the edge of town. She was looking for part of plants to place in the reception areas and offices. ―I don‘t know anything about
plants,‖ she said. ―I‘m sure in a few weeks they‘ll all be dead.‖ Why was I helping her select her purchases? My mind was racing. Perhaps as many as a dozen firms have recently opened offices in the new office park, and there were several hundred more acres with construction under way. That afternoon, I drove out to the office park. By six o'clock that evening I had signed contracts with seven companies to rent plants from me and pay me a fee to maintain them. Within a week, I had worked out an agreement to lease the greenhouse from the owner‘s family. Business is now increasing rapidly. And one day, we hope to be the proud owners of the greenhouse. Questions 32-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What do we learn about the greenhouse?
33. What was the speaker doing when the customer walked in one morning?
34. What did the speaker think of when serving the office manager?
35. What was the speaker‘s hope for the future?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
本文讲的是对时间的一个看法，是美国《时代周刊》的一个人对于时间的看法，他说现
代人和古代人对于时间的看法是一样的，都是觉得时间不够用，但是今年当下的老板需要给
员工更多的自由度来控制时间。
26. What is the speaker complaining about?
【解析】答案为 [A]。解题点在……My every day is a race against the clock that I never
ever seem to win. 以及后面的55% of the employees say they don‘t have enough time for
themselves, 63% don‘t have enough time for their spouses or partners, and 67% don‘t have enough time for their children.
27. What does the speaker say about our ancestors?
【解析】答案为 [A]。解题点在……It‘s also not a new complaint. 以及后面的…and
complained about how little time they had to paint battle scenes on their cave walls.
28. Why does the speaker suggest all bosses read the report by the 3 organizations?
【解析】答案为 [D]。解题点在……They set out to find and award the employers who employ the most creative and most effective ways to give their workers flexibility. Passage 2
本文讲的是一对夫妻在抚养6个孩子当中，正好是属于美国经济大萧条的时间，因为抚
养孩子是一件很辛苦，最后父亲和母亲离婚了，然后这个女孩子有了一个继母，而这个继母
可能不是我们传统意义上所了解的那样，不是一个很好的妈妈，她是一个很好的女性，这名
女性对于我们这些孩子非常非常的关心和呵护，对于父亲也是非常的关心和呵护，把家弄得
很好。这篇文章大概讲的是这么一个故事，爱是因为爱而生长出来的。所以说只要你心中有
爱，就是一个很好的良性循环，这篇文章本身倒不是很难，但是就是选项在设题的比较巧妙。
29. According to the speaker, what contributed to her parents‘ divorce?
【解析】答案为 [B]。解题点在……Great Depression took its toll on my parents‘ relationship and resulted in their divorce when I was 18 years old. 30. What brought the father closer to his children?
【解析】答案为 [D]。解题点在……She always treated us as if we were her own children. It was because of our other mother, daddy‘s second wife, that he became closer to his own children.
31. What message does the speaker want to convey in this talk?
【解析】答案为 [B]。解题点在文章开始Loving a child is a circular business. The more you give, the more you get.以及……What she said proves to be true of my blended family. Passage 3
本文讲的是一个叫做绿房子，或者叫做绿屋这么一个企业，他们老板因为心脏病去世了，
所以他们员工很担心他们业务是不是会下降。接下来员工想到一个新的生财渠道，他们把自
己的一些植物还有一些花卉方面的服务出租给了一些新的办公场所当中一些公司和企业。在
新的这些公司当中他们通过维护这些花卉和植物的这样一些服务来获取一些费用。通过他们
这样一个创新的点子，最终使得公司起死回生，他们最终也希望能够成为这个绿屋，或者绿
房子的老板。
32. What do we learn about the greenhouse?
【解析】答案为 [B]。解题点在……Just as suddenly, the owner of the greenhouse where I worked as manager died of a heart attack.
33. What was the speaker doing when the customer walked in one morning?
【解析】答案为 [C]。解题点在……Then one morning, as I was hanging out ―Going out of Business‖ sign……
34. What did the speaker think of when serving the office manager?
【解析】答案为 [C]。解题点在……Perhaps as many as a dozen firms have recently opened offices in the new office park, and there were several hundred more acres with construction under
way.
35. What was the speaker‘s hope for the future?
【解析】答案为 [A]。解题点在最后一句And one day, we hope to be the proud owners of the greenhouse.
六)2008年12月新四级短文部分听力试题、原文及解析
1(听力试题
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] To introduce the chief of the city‘s police force.
[B] To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest.
[C] To address the issue of community security.
[D] To explain the functions of the city council. 27. [A] He has distinguished himself in city management
[B] He is head of the International Police Force.
[C] He completed his higher education abroad.
[D] He holds a master‘s degree in criminology.
28. [A] To coordinate work among police departments.
[B] To get police officers closer to the local people.
[C] To help the residents in times of emergency.
[D] To enable the police to take prompt action. 29. [A] Popular.
[B] Discouraging.
[C] Effective.
[D] Controversial.
Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. [A] People differ greatly in their ability to communicate.
[B] There are numerous languages in existence.
[C] Most public languages are inherently vague.
[D] Big gaps exist between private and public languages. 31. [A] It is a sign of human intelligence.
[B] In improves with constant practice.
[C] It is something we are born with.
[D] It varies from person to person.
32. [A] How private languages are developed.
[B] How different languages are related.
[C] How people create their languages.
[D] How children learn to use language.
Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard 33. [A] She was a tailor.
[B] She was an engineer.
[C] She was an educator.
[D] She was a public speaker.
34. [A] Basing them on science-fiction movies.
[B] Including interesting examples in them.
[C] Adjusting them to different audiences.
[D] Focusing on the latest progress in space science. 35. [A] Whether spacemen carry weapons.
[B] How spacesuits protect spacemen.
[C] How NASA trains its spacemen.
[D] What spacemen eat and drink.
2. 听力原文
Passage 1
Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city‘s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master‘s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let‘s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
Questions 26-29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the purpose of the speaker‘s remarks?
27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
Passage 2
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, ―Hot, hot!‖ And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, ―Hot, hot!‖ However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
31. What is Chomsky‘s point on the ability to learn a language?
32. What does Chomsky‘s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
Passage 3
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?" Her answer is ―the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.‖ To a high
school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. ―Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?‖ Her answer is "No". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it‘s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.
Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?
34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?
35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
3(试题解析
Passage 1
这是一篇人物介绍类的文章，说的是一位非常富有背景的警察局长和他开展的社区治安
项目的介绍。
26. What is the purpose of the speaker‘s remarks?
【解析】答案为 [A]。这一题是典型的关于文章首句发问，问说话人的目的。其实只要
关注他的第一句话中的关键词即可选出相应选项。
27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
【解析】答案为 [D]。这题是对于警察局长个人介绍。需要把握的是一些主要的动词和
名词，比如head for 10 years, holds a degree, studied abroad.
28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
【解析】答案为 [B]。关于项目的的话，在文章中部听到the idea behind the program开
始切入，这个地道的表达同学们也许不太熟悉，但是听到idea和program时，就应该有感
觉，话题开始转变了，所以接下来听的时候更多应该关注program的内容。
29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
【解析】答案为 [C]。在最后一句捕捉key words, 听到crime down, citizens feel secure,
说明此项目非常有效，人民更加安居乐业，犯罪率下降，社区生活越来越安全了。
Passage 2
这篇文章讲的是儿童学习语言的能力。主要内容大致是:世界上由很多语言，因此人们
的沟通失败当然可以理解。引出学习外语这一神秘过程。Chomsky认为婴儿不仅天生通过
模仿和联想学习，也会自行创造语言。但是他的理论却有局限性，虽然说到孩子们有潜力学，
但还是无法解释他们究竟是如何做到的。
30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
【解析】答案为 [B]。这一题问的是交流失败(communication breakdown)的原因，其实
答案就是文章的第一句话，世上有很多public，private的语言，并且给出3000, 6000, 6 billion这样的天文数字。说明语言数量实在太多，因而沟通会失败。
31. What is Chomsky‘s point on the ability to learn a language?
【解析】答案为 [C]。题中Chomsky是著名语言专家，其实再做题时，没有必要了解
那么多。只要快速定位，捕捉文章中的观点词这里由point out以及suggest，在听的过程中
只要关注即可迅速选出答案[C]。
32. What does Chomsky‘s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
【解析】答案为 [D]。解题点在文章最后一句，由but这个重要结构词引导出it does not explain how children come to use language in particular way. 可以迅速选出答案[D]。
Passage 3
这是一篇人物传记类的文章，类似与07年12月的第二篇短文 Katharine Graham. 讲的
是美国著名女宇航员Joan Higginbotham的故事。她在成为宇航员之前在芝加哥长大，并且
还是一位工程师，后来加入了NASA(美国航天航空局)从事航空事业。这里主要说的是她在
宇航员以外还经常巡回讲座，但是她的讲座却不是一成不变的，有侧重点。正对不同的人群，
她会在之前通过interview和email调查对象。因此广受欢迎。对于这样的文章，其实我们在
做题的时候主要关注故事的时间线chronological sequence。
33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?
【解析】答案为 [B]。时间衔接部位就是出题点。此题before就是一个很重要的point, 把
握它，即可直接选出答案engineer。
34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?
【解析】答案为 [C]。关于她如何准备讲座，其实这道题目是否能够把握在于大家对结
构性关键词的定位，she tailors remarks on audience, find out their educational level and
information they want to know. 说明她做了充分的准备。
35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
【解析】答案为 [A]。这是一道细节题(details), 要求同学们的有效信息提取能力。
题中说了对象high school students, 在文章中总共提到了elementary school students, high school students,和scientists三类人。比如spacesuit对应了elementary的学生 carry weapons对应high school, design of spacesuit对应科学家。
五、 短文听力同步训练
一)听力短文模拟练习
Simulated Test One
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Radio announcers.
B) Radio listeners.
C) Language experts.
D) BBC reporters.
27. A) Two.
B) Three.
C) Four.
D) Five.
28. A) To enter a British university.
B) To work in a foreign firm.
C) To use the language as much as possible.
D) To be unafraid of making any mistakes.
Passage 2
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) To get consent from their parents.
B) To prepare rings for exchange.
C) To be of legal age and to meet certain medical requirements.
D) To send out announcements and invitations.
30. A) Because it would make the wedding less exciting.
B) Because it would bring the new couple bad luck.
C) Because it would bring the bride bad luck.
D) Because it would be considered inappropriate by others.
31. A) Fathers might object to their daughters‘ leaving home.
B) Girls were forced into marriage.
C) Friendship between men was important.
D) Every wedding ceremony should be witnessed by a respectable man.
32. A) The third finger is the lucky finger.
B) The third finger is the middle finger.
C) The third finger is supposed to be linked to the heart.
D) The third finger is a symbol of lasting affection. Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) Very well.
B) All right.
C) Disappointingly.
D) Badly.
34. A) He was not doing anything.
B) He painted only one mile.
C) He quarreled with his boss.
D) He wasted too much paint.
35. A) The man got very tired.
B) The man made a mess of his work.
C) The man never liked the job.
D) The man moved the paint can.
Simulated Test Two
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Her unique experience.
B) Her future prospects.
C) Her favorite job.
D) Her lonely life.
27. A) Authority.
B) A good relationship.
C) Goodluck.
D) Independence.
28. A) She will live an empty life.
B) She will work in a bookstore.
C) She will remain single.
D) She will earn a lot of money.
29. A) She should find agood job.
B) She should open a small restaurant.
C) She should have more control over her life.
D) She should get married.
Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) In day-care centers where little children were taken care of.
B) In areas in Chicago poor people lived.
C) In places where hot lunch was provided for factory workers.
D) In schools where free classes were organized for young people.
31. A) For young people and adults.
B) For immigrants.
C) For factory workers.
D) For poor city children.
32. A) Jane Adams‘ contributions to society.
B) Jane Adams‘ struggle for women‘s liberation.
C) Jane Adams‘ life story.
D) Jane Adams‘ responsibility for the poor.
Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) They are not active hunters.
B) They don‘t sleep much.
C) They are often seen alone.
D) They don‘t eat much.
34. A) To catch the birds.
B) To look for shade in the heat of the day.
C) To catch other animals.
D) To look for a kill made by another animal.
35. A) They are larger in size.
B) They run faster.
C) They have to hunt more to feed the young.
D) They are not as lazy as the males.
Simulated Test Three
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Parents.
B) Children.
C) Breadwinners.
D) Bank managers.
27. A) To help learn to be realistic.
B) To help increase their savings.
C) To help manage their money well.
D) To help test their power-control.
28. A) Fill in the expenses as they really are.
B) Avoid spending money on expensive things.
C) Set aside a fixed amount of money as savings.
D) List income and expenses on two pieces of paper. Passage 2
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) He told no one about his disease.
B) He worked hard to pay for his medication.
C) He depended on the nurses in his final days.
D) He had stayed in the hospital since he fell ill.
30. A) She wanted to obey, her mother.
B) She found no one willing to listen to her.
C) She thought it was shameful to have AIDS.
D) She was afraid of being looked down upon.
31. A) To remember her father.
B) To draw people's attention to AIDS.
C) To show how little people' knew about AIDS.
D) To tell people about the sufferings of her father. Passage 3
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Saves more than 15,000 lives each year.
B) Reduces road accidents by more than half.
C) Reduces the death rate in traffic accidents.
D) Saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour.
33. A) Wear a seat belt each time he drives.
B) Stop children riding in the front seat.
C) Make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt.
D) Make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt.
34. A) Someone who is under 14.
B) Someone who is backing into a parking space.
C) Someone who is delivering and collecting letters.
D) Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.
35. A) Wear a seat belt for health reasons.
B) Wear no seat belt for health reasons.
C) Get a valid medical certificate before wearing a seat belt.
D) Pay a fine rather than wear a seat belt.
Simulated Test Four
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) 4,500.
B) 4,000.
C) 3,500.
D) 3,000.
27. A) It is the largest language family.
B) It was originated 4, 900 years ago.
C) It contains all the languages spoken in Europe.
D) Many of the present-day European and Indian languages are modern forms of it.
28. A) People's interest in how languages began.
B) Languages today and past.
C) The important language families.
D) The English language in constant change.
Passage 2
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) At the end of November.
B) In the middle of November.
C) At the beginning of December.
D) In the middle of December.
30. A) It is not religious any more.
B) The holiday becomes such big business.
C) People forget it was created to honor the birth of Christ.
D) People go to parties, buy fine gifts and decorate the room.
31. A) Go traveling.
B) Help each other.
C) Go to work.
D) Play games.
Passage 3
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) They can easily learn quite long poems by heart.
B) They can remember long stories by heart.
C) The can remember almost everything they have read.
D) They can remember things they have only read once.
33. A) Because they are too small to understand the rules.
B) Because they are absent-minded.
C) Because they have so little time for it.
D) Because they are not interested in it.
34. A) Camera.
B) Cinema.
C) Picture.
D) Photo.
35. A) Time.
B) Interest.
C) Memory.
D) Textbook.
Simulated Test Five
Passage 1
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) 5%.
B) 15%.
C) 85%.
D) 95%.
27. A) New-born babies have no preference as to which hand to use.
B) Scientists believe that man's right-handedness derived from our animal ancestors.
C) There are more right-handed monkeys than left-handed ones.
D) Why most people are right-handed is still a mystery to man.
28. A) The reason why most people are right-handed.
B) The similarities between man and its animal ancestors.
C) The differences between man and monkeys.
D) The way to teach new-born babies to use their hands properly. Passage 2
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) Two.
B) Three.
C) Four.
D) Five.
30. A) Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.
B) Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.
C) Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.
D) Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.
31. A) Deposit some money in a bank.
B) Read the lease carefully and sign it.
C) Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.
D) Sign the contract and pay a security deposit. Passage 3
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Radio.
B) Television.
C) Newspapers.
D) Books and magazines.
33. A) People all over the world.
B) Two billion people.
C) Two and a half million people.
D) Half the people in the world.
34. A) Television has been very effective in spreading news.
B) Vietnam War was the first live broadcast of TV.
C) Television can even change the way a government acts.
D) Television did more to end the Vietnam War than radio.
35. A) To show the media is a way of modern life.
B) To compare and contrast radio and television.
C) To illustrate the effect of modern media, especially TV.
D) To prove America made a mistake in Vietnam.
二)模拟练习参考答案及听力原文
Simulated Test One
Passage 1
It can be difficult to find ways of practising your English when you're not in an English speaking environment, but here are some ways that other listeners to English by Radio have told us about.Firstly, contact English-speaking firms, information bureau and so on, and get their materials. Maybe you can get a chance to talk to someone about them. That way you can begin to use your language and learn more.Secondly, listen to the BBC World Service in English. Certain English BBC Radio programmes can help you specifically to improve your knowledge of English.Thirdly, find out if there is a British Council office or a British Institute near you. These organizations , as well as language schools and universities, often run English clubs or social activities. Join them. One of the best ways to learn a language is to use it. That way, you are always aware of the knowledge you need and you can work practically to obtain it. Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 26. Who suggested the different ways of practicing English in the talk?
(B) 27. How many ways of practicing English have been mentioned in the talk?
(C) 28. According to the speaker, what is the best way to learn a language? Passage 2
People in the U.S., when they attain legal marriage age and meet certain medical requirements, are free to choose their own mates. Once a couple has decided to get married, the man customarily gives the girl a diamond ring. The use of a ring comes from the ancient custom of using a ring to settle an important agreement. When the wedding day is decided upon, the girl sends out wedding announcements or invitations to friends and relatives. They then send wedding gifts to the girl's home.On the wedding day it is supposed to be bad luck for the bride and groom to see each other before the wedding. Another old custom that many people believe will bring good luck to the marriage is for the bride to wear 'something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue'.Before the wedding day the groom always chooses a " best man", a good friend to help him and stand beside him during the wedding ceremony. The custom of having a "best man" is thought to have come from ancient times when a strong friend helped the groom and bride escape from the bride's father.When a couple marries, the groom gives his bride a wedding ring. Many marriages are double-ring ceremonies — that is, the bride and the groom
exchange rings. The wedding ring is customarily a simple plain gold band. The roundness of the ring symbolizes eternity and announces that the couple is united for life. The wedding ring is worn on the third finger of the left hand. People believe that a vein from the third finger runs directly to the heart.Near the end of the reception, which is offered by the bride's parents, the bride throws her bouquet of flowers to the unwed bridesmaids. The lucky girl who catches it is supposed to be the next in the group to be married. As the bride and groom leave for their honeymoon, the guests all throw confetti on them. This is a symbol of joy and happiness.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(C) 29. Which of the following requirements is essential if a young couple wants to get married?
(B) 30. Why shouldn't the bride and groom see each other before the wedding on the wedding day according to the passage?
(A) 31. What does the custom of having a ―best man‖ for the groom tell us about ancient
times?
(C) 32. Why is the wedding ring worn on the third finger of the left hand?
Passage 3
A fellow took a job painting yellow lines down the middle of a highway. On his first day he painted ten miles, and his boss said, "You did well. Keep it up and you'll get a raise.The next day the man did five miles, and the boss said, "Well, five miles isn't as good as ten, but keep up the good work."The following day he painted only one mile. The boss called him in and said, "First you did ten miles, then you did five miles, then you did one mile. You're not doing the work, so I have to fire you.As the man walked away from the office, he complained, "But it's not my fault. Each day I kept getting farther away from the paint can. "
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(A) 33. How did the man do on his first day of work?
(B) 34. Why was the man fired on the third day?
(D) 35. What was the matter with the man in the story?
Simulated Test Two
Passage 1
I‘ll still be working，but things will be different. With any luck, I‘ll be earning more money. The most important thing will be the job itself, and how interesting it is, I mean. I hope I‘ll be able
to choose the kind of job I do and who I work for. Of course, I like to have more money and more authority than I have now. But I don‘t think that‘s the only thing in life. What I really want is to be more independent than I am now. To have more control over my own life. Perhaps open a small restaurant, or write a book or something like that. I‘m not really sure if I‘ll ever have children, or even if I want to be married. It all depends. Of course, if I meet the right person, anything could happen. But I won‘t feel that my life is empty and meaningless if I‘m still living alone ten years or even twenty years from now. Not at all. My mother is always saying there is nothing like a good relationship. But I am not so sure. There is nothing worse than a really bad one, either. Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 26. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
(D) 27. What does the speaker want most?
(C) 28. What will the speaker most probably do in the future?
(D) 29. What is the speaker‘s mother always suggesting to her?
Passage 2
Jane Addams came from a well-to-do and cultured family. She was so distressed about the misery of poor people that she left her fine home to spend her life in the slums of Chicago. In 1889 she established a settlement house where she initiated many projects such as hot-lunch service for factory workers, day-care centre for little children, free classes for young people and adults, a gymnasium, and an art gallery. Immigrants and other poor people came to her settlement house for advice and help, as well as for fun. Jane Addams was also active in fighting against the use of child labor and against war. She worked for women's right to vote and for improving the situation of the blacks; she initiated country vacation programs for poor city children. Jane Addams had great influence on the development of social work in the United States and in other parts of the world. She promoted the idea of responsibility for the welfare of the poor. Settlement houses of a similar kind were founded in many poor neighborhoods to make the lives of the poor more meaningful. In 1931, Jane Addams was awarded the Nobel Prize for what she had done for society.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 30. Where did Jane Addams spend her life after she left her home?
(D) 31. For whom did Jane Addams start the country vacation programs?
(A) 32. What‘s the passage mainly about?
Passage 3
Lions prefer to eat without having to do much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky. And if they see birds fly down, they immediately sense that something must be happening. Even in the heat of the day, they will certainly arise and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the dead animal for themselves. A grown lion can easily consume 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often, they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. The female lions are leaner and swifter, and as a result, are better hunters than the males. Most kills are made at night or just before dawn. The kill is the most exciting moment in the day-to-day existence of the lion, since these great beasts spend most of their time - about 20 hours a day - sleeping and resting. Lions are also social cats. And during these times of leisure, they love to romp against each other, and the young lions are always playing among themselves and with their parents.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(A) 33. What do we learn about lions from what we have just heard?
(D) 34. Why do the lions watch the birds in the sky?
(B) 35. Why are the females generally better hunters than the males?
Simulated Test Three
Passage 1
Most likely, you aren't the family breadwinner. But doing a small job or getting a weekly allowance would put some money in your pocket. For kids and grown-ups alike, money is easy to spend. If you aren't careful, it can be gone in no time. Being responsible with your money is an important skill to learn-and the sooner you start the better. Whether you are tracking your spending or saving for something special, creating a budget can help you deal with your expenses and plan for the future. All you need are paper and a pencil-and some self-control. First, take a
look at our sample monthly budget. Then, use a separate sheet of paper to plan your own. In the first two columns, list your sources of income and how much you expect to earn from them. In the third and fourth columns, list what you expect to spend your money on and the amount. The left-hand total should be more than or equal to the right-hand total. If it is, you have an effective budget. Budgets are not complex, but sticking to them can be tough. When planning your budget, be realistic about your expenses. If you know that you drop $18 at a movie, don't write $12 in that space simply because you wish you were spending less. If you are eyeing a big purchase, such as a $150 skateboard, spend less and save more until you have the total amount. No matter how attractive it may be, avoid spending your savings. One day, you will thank yourself! Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 26. Who is the passage written for?
(C) 27. What is the purpose of making a budget?
(A) 28. What should people do when planning a budget?
Passage 2
I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother's words as if it were yesterday: "Carol, I don't want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him." AIDS wasn't something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My father's other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him. We couldn't afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher's words were drowned as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. I did not share my burden with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself. I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless. I called a woman at the nonprofit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life. I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn't want to call attention to AIDS. I do.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(A) 29. What does Carol tell us about her father?
(D) 30. Why did Carol keep her father's disease a secret?
(B) 31. Why did Carol write the passage?
Passage 3
More than 30, 000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to ,50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front
unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a scat belt if you are reversing your vehicle or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(C) 32. What is the advantage of wearing a seat belt in a vehicle?
(D) 33. What is the driver responsible to do according to the passage?
(B) 34. Which people riding in the front do not have to wear a seat belt?
(B) 35. What may be better to do for some people?
Simulated Test Four
Passage 1
Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where and how this happened. However, we do know a lot about the languages of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about 3, 000 languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Hindi, Urdu, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages have less than one hundred speakers. There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original language of this family was spoken about 4, 500 years ago. Many of the present day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of it. Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. About 1, 000 years ago English was a little-known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(D)26. How many languages are spoken in the world today?
(D)27. What do we learn about the Indo-European language family?
(B)28. What is the passage mainly about?
Passage 2
Christmas is America's most popular holiday. Some people attend church and observe Christmas as the birthday of Christ. For others Christmas is just a day of fun and celebration, a time for family and friends to get together, exchange gifts and enjoy a huge holiday dinner. During the last days of November American homes and stores begin to be decorated with Christmas trees and bright lights. Schools and churches prepare special holiday concerts. People go to parties, buy fine gifts and prepare special Christmas food. Some people criticize Christmas. They say it is not religious enough. They say the holiday has become such big business that Americans forget it was created to honor the birth of Christ. It is true that people spend a lot of money during the holiday season. Store owners expect to get from fi0 to 70 percent of their yearly earnings during the month before Christmas. Defenders of Christmas, however, point out that Americans also do many special things to help each other at Christmas time. One international organization assists more than two and one half million people in the United States each Christmas. The organization gives out toys, warm clothing, food and many other kinds of aid.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(A) 29. When do Americans begin their Christmas activities?
(D) 30. According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT the reason why
Christmas is criticized?
(B) 31. According to the passage，what do Americans also do at Christmas time?
Passage 3
Some people have very good memories, and can easily learn quite long poems by heart. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them over and over again. The famous English writer, Charles Dickens said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many of the great men of the world have had wonderful memories. A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not So easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects as well. A man's mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our minds.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(A) 32. What can some people do if they have very good memories according to the passage?
(C) 33. Why is it difficult for pupils to learn a second language in school?
(A) 34. What is man's mind like according to the passage?
(C) 35. What is a great help in learning a language?
Simulated Test Five
Passage 1
Which of your two hands do you use most? Very few of us can use both of our hands equally well. Most of us are right-handed. Only about five people out of a hundred are left-handed. New-born babies can grasp objects with either of their hands, but in about two years they usually prefer to use their right bands. Scientists don't know why this happens. They used to think that we inherited this tendency from our animal ancestors, but this may not be true. Monkeys are our closest relatives in the animal World. Scientists have found that monkeys prefer to use one of their hands more than the other—but it can be either hand. There are as many right handed monkeys as there arc left-handed ones: Next time you visit the zoo, watch the monkeys carefully. You'll see that some of them will prefer to swing from their right hands and others will use their left hands. But most human beings use their right hands better and this makes life difficult for those who prefer to use their left hands. We live in a right-handed world.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(D) 26. What percentages of people are right-handed according to the passage?
(C) 27. What cannot be inferred from the passage?
(A) 28. What is the passage mainly about?
Passage 2
If you are a college student, there are several things you should know about renting an apartment. First, you must know how to look for a place to live: Friends, teachers, and other
people you meet may know of apartments that are available. You may also find a place to live by looking in the campus or city newspapers. In some towns, there are rental agencies that can help you find an apartment, but think carefully about using agencies. Usually they will charge you a fee. You should also walk around and look for buildings with For Rent signs. When you go to lo0k at apartments to rent, there are several things you ought to do. First, you should find out if the apartment is safe. Be sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors. It is also a good idea to check all the appliances as well as the water and electricity to be sure everything is working. It might also be a good idea to talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building. This will help you to find out if there are any problems. If you decide to rent an apartment, the landlord will probably want you to sign a lease. This is a legal contract, and you ought to read it carefully. You will also need to pay a security deposit. If there is no damage, the landlord has to return this money to you when you leave.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 29. How many ways of finding apartments are mentioned in this talk?
(C) 30. What does the speaker advise you to do to make sure the apartment is safe?
(D) 31. What should you do if you decide to rent an apartment?
Passage 3
The media is a general word for radio, television, film, newspapers, magazines and books. These are all ways to communicate with a large number of people in a very short time. Since the arrival of radio, and television in particular, the world has been getting smaller. Today by using satellites which go round the Earth, television can reach about 2.5 billion people. An international sports event like the Olympic Games is sent live into the homes of half the people in the world. News pictures of wars and disasters such as earthquakes are seen immediately by people in safe, comfortable homes on the other side of the world. This can change the way people act and think—it can even change the way governments act. For example, in the sixties the terrible news pictures from Vietnam turned the American people against the war there, and in the end the U.S. government had to bring home the troops.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(B) 32. What in particular has made the world smaller?
(D) 33. How many people can watch the live broadcast of the Olympic Games on TV today?
(C) 34. What does the example of the news pictures from the Vietnam War show?
(C) 35. What is the main purpose of this passage?
1. 复合式听写综述
复合式听写(Compound Dictation)在以前的考试中是听力部分的内容，它不与短文同
时出现。即这一部分是短文或者是复合式听写。1997年6月14日，全国四级统考首次采用
复合式听写取代原来听力第二部分的 3篇短文。之后6年间的 12次考试中共出现了5次。
频率不算很高。根据大学英语四、六级考试改革，复合式听写已于2006年2月成为大学英
语四级考试必然的组成部分, 作为拉开考生分数差距的关键之一。这一部分技巧性比较强，
听力水平不相上下的考生，系统训练后考出来的分数肯定比没训练考的分数提高不少。
复合式听写安排在听力部分的最后，文章篇幅为250词左右。短文中留有11个空(改
革前的传统试卷中为10个空)，前8个(而过去的四级真题中这部分仅为7个空格)要求考
生在每空填入所缺的单个单词，后三个空则为句子(考生既可以逐字填入听到的原文，也可
以结合原文意思用自己的话进行概括总结，只要符合答案要点，皆可得分)。这部分的三个空格中每个空格一般包括10-20个单词。可能需要填入一个带有从句的复合句，或者是一个较为复杂的简单句，也可能是一个并列句或两个独立短句。
复合式听写所用材料与听力短文部分的材料在题材、体裁和难度上大体相同，朗读速度略低于大学英语教学大纲规定的语速，语音为标准英式或者美式英语。总而言之，复合式听写除考查语音、拼写、书面表达能力外，还考验学生记笔记的能力。因此同学们平时上英语课除了要纠正自己的英语发音，也要着重培养良好的记笔记的习惯，同时还要锻炼一定的书面表达能力。
全文朗读三遍。第一遍按正常语速朗读，中间不做停顿，供考生了解全文内容。第二遍朗读速度略慢，在前8个空后不作停顿或稍作停顿，让考生填入所缺单词，后三个空后作长时间停顿，停顿时间约为45秒，要求考生根据所听到的内容写出主要意思;第三遍按正常语速朗读，没有停顿，供考生核对填写的内容，并纠正错误。在录音开始和结束时，都有信号提醒考生做好答题准备。
对考生应考而言，要注意合理利用这三遍录音:听读第一遍时，听为主、记为辅，着重对句子意群的整体理解。考生可以在听的同时，顺便填写有把握的单词和做些笔记。这时的重点是借助文字材料，理解和把握全篇内容和脉络。第二遍时，记为主、听为辅。考生应抓紧时间，写下言简意赅的笔记，着重记录句子的主干。第三遍时，着重细节，目的在于查漏补缺，添补句子的其他细节部分。复合式听写最能通过练习而见成效。
从分值比例上看，新题型中听力理解部分的分值比例由老题型中的20%提高到35%, 而复合式听写部分作为拉开考生差距的题型，其分值比例占到10%。其中36至42题为词汇听写，共8题，每题分值比例0.5%，共占分值比例4%;44至46题为句子听写，即写出原句或句子大意，共3题，每题分值比例2%，共占分值比例6%。
※ 评分标准 :
1. 36至43每题分值比例为0.5%。拼写完全正确的单词给0.5%，凡有错不给分，大小写错误忽略不计;
2. 44至46题每题分值比例为2%，其中有语言错误扣0.5%，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5%，凡不得分部分如有语言错误不再重复扣分;
3. 44至46题中凡有与问题无关的内容扣0.5%。
4. 44至46题中如出现明显属于笔误造成的拼写错误和大小写、标点符号错误，不扣分; 5. 用汉语回答问题均不给分。
2. 复合式听写常见错误分析
一般来说，考生在复合式听写部分常见的错误主要有以下几个方面:
2.1 辨音错误
1) 对近音词辨别不准。如:thirteen与thirty, leave与live, cause与courses, think与sink, son与sun以及song等。
2) 同音异义词用错。如:see与sea, principle与principal, hear与here等; 3) 听不清楚连读而造成漏听与拼写错误。如:把wait for a moment写成wait for the moment
或wait for moment，把the way it is写成the way is等;
4) 音素听音错误导致拼写错误。如:可能把within写成with in，把address写成a dress，把its写成it‘s等。
2.2 辨音正确但拼写错误
1) 因粗心大意或不良习惯而导致。如:把mother写成morther，把father写成farther或feather，把modern写成morden，把employ写成imploy等;
2) 因拼写规则未掌握而导致。如:regardless成了regardness，changing成了changeing，universities成了universityes 等;
3) 大小写拼错。如:In成了in ，American成了amweican ，China成了china，When成了when等;
4) 前后缀出错。如:improvement成了improvemant ，careless成了careness，irregular成了inregular，impossible成了inpossible等。
在阅卷标准方面，凡是此类的拼写错误均视为全错。考生应在平时的学习中多注意较易出错之处，养成良好的习惯，在正式考试时只要稍加注意就比较容易克服此类错误。 2.3 语法错误
较为常见的语法错误是在时态方面。例如:将You begin to see误做You began to see或者You begins to see，将it‘s vital we find误做its vital we find，将it is误做it was，将I have误做I had等。
2.4 记忆错误
较为常见的有he与she，his与her，man与woman，has与had或者have等。 2.5 由缺乏理解而导致的误听与误写
例如，可能将They seem to be everywhere写作The seem to be very well等。
总的看来，复合式听写的能力高于对话部分和短文理解部分的能力要求。就题型分析，对话部分和短文理解部分属于客观题，它要求考生不仅要提高辨音能力，准确理解不同语调及其特定的含义，抓关键、听要点，把握对话、故事或事件发生的时间、场所、语境及其话语的交际价值，并能合理、正确地进行推理与判断。与此相反，复合式听写则属于主观题型，它要求考生具备上述能力外，还要了解发音与拼写的差异，正确拼写单词，从篇章上理解所听材料并能合理使用英语的词汇、标点符号与语法，将口语信息与书面表达有机结合，并在听解过程中不断提高自己的短期记忆能力。为此，在平时的学习与训练中，考生就要严格要求自己，在学习中既要细致入微，精益求精，不放过任何一个疑点与难点，又要有整体观念，在篇章水平上将理解与推断有机结合，以求较为完美地将听力内容按原文或用自己的语言转化为书面内容，从语言到形式都没有大错。
3. 复合式听写题型分析
3.1 词汇听写
3.1.1 词汇听写设题点
通过对四级复合式听写单词填空进行分析可以发现，复合式听写中词汇听写填空部分可以通过句式来判断其词性和句子成分。
1)句子缺少定语
这是复合式听写中经常出现的考查点。定语一般由普通形容词充当，这时相对比较好判断。但有时名词也可以作定语，有时动词现在分词或者过去分词形式也可以充当形容词作定语。所以要对相关名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的用法有较好的把握。如:
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment——most of these are made in Japan but there are also good quality models from Germany and the USA. (05.1)
The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. (06.12)
2)句子缺少谓语
句子缺少谓语有很多情况。一般说来一个动词或者动词短语作谓语，可以考查动词的现在时、过去时、单复数、分词形式等等。在填谓语时一定要注意动词的各种形式。如:
Our researchers recommended the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera s being
available at the moment. (05.1)
We have investigated a range of different models to see which is the best value for money.
(05.1)
3)句子缺少宾语
充当宾语的词可以是名词、代词、数词、动名词等。如:
Such as whether you will develop heart disease, or cancer (05.1)
4)句子缺少表语
表语是说明主语身份、职业、性质、状态、特征的句子成分，可以由名词、形容词或者起名词、形容词作用的词或者短语担任。考查表语时有一些比较典型的词，即在系动词be，look，smell，sound，taste，keep，remain等词后面。
After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are familiar with the different cameras… (05.1)
5)句子缺少主语
句子缺少主语时要注意句子的主谓一致、单复数等情况。
6)句子缺少状语
动词分词作状语时注意单词的拼写。现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。如:
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
7)句子缺少同位语
同位语可以由名词、代词、-ing分词、动词不定式、形容词以及从句等构成。
3.1.2 字母组合发音规律
复合式听写单词填空的基础是熟练记忆单词的读音、意义和拼写，并根据上下文和语法
知识正确写出词形。但是有时在一个词记忆不清或者拼写不确定的情况下我们可以根据单词的读音大致写出它的词形，这个技巧在考试时非常有帮助。希望通过复习字母组合的基本发音规律能够使大家在进行词汇听写时在听出读音的基础上迅速且准确的进行拼写。(该部分同样适用于希望提高英语听力综合能力的考生做听力复习之用。) 1) 元音和字母组合
※容易混淆的元音
2) 辅音和字母组合
3.1.3 听辩音注意事项
大家在训练时准确听辩音还要注意以下几个方面:
1)音变现象
(1)连读
(2)同化
2) 英式英语和美式英语在发音上的区别
(1)在一个单词里当字母r位于一个元音后面时，英式英语一般不将音发出，而美式英语一般总是发出来。
如:英式美式
lec英式美式
英式英语中字母a读作而美式英语中读作
如:英式美式
英式美式
英式英语中字母o读作而美式英语中读作近似音的
如:英式美式
英式美式
英式美式
(4)在美音中，当后面跟元音时，发出的并不是清辅音，而是带有明显浊化的味道，使得发出的音更接近音。
如:letter英式美式接近
英式美式接近
3.2 句子听写
根据复合式听写部分的题目要求，该部分考生可以根据自己听力过程中所记录的信息，
以原句准确词汇或者根据句子大意用自己的词汇进行表达，在空白处填入该部分缺失的信
息。该部分针对考生的语音、词汇、语法以及相关的背景知识进行考查，是复合式听写部分
中容易拉开考生分数差距的关键。针对该部分，考生在平时准备方面除了在语音、词汇和语
法方面积极训练，更需要在课外尽可能扩大自己的知识面，做好相应的背景知识的积累;在
应试过程中，相应的听写技巧也是必不可少的。
3.2.1 针对句子大意，全面把握英语常见基本句型
※英语的句子有6种基本结构。
(1)S+V+P=主语，系动词，表语(A is B.)
e.g. The only problem was the slight awkwardness in loading the film. (05.1-S10)
So the figures for the growth of towns and cities represent proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment (07.12-46)
(2) S+Vt+O=主语，及物动词，宾语(A does B.)
e.g. Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current life style. (01.6-S8)
but to a stranger, I probably would say, ―Would you mind closing the door?‖ (06.12-45)
(3) S+Vi=主语，不及物动词(A leaves.)
(4) S+Vt+Oi+Od=主语，及物动词，双宾语(间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物)(A gives B
something.)
e.g. Don‘t expect the companies will provide you with a clearly defined career path. (08.6-46)
(5) S+Vt+O+C=主语，及物动词，复合宾语(即宾语，宾语补足语)(A tells B to do
something)
e.g. It would make sense to give the fish enough of time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce. (03.1-S10)
(6) There be=There，系动词，主语(There is a man.)
e.g. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and other that are informal. (06.12-46)
There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals (07.6-45)
※历年复合式听写句子部分其他高频句型
(1) 比较级相关句型
e.g. And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation. (01.6-S8)
Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use. (05.1-S8)
Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or a handbag. (05.1-S9)
The percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry (07.12-44)
(2) 定语从句
e.g. something that is simply there around them, not something they can use (06.6-44)
who are now young adults, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are (07.6-46)
There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals (07.12-45)
to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with improved technologies and procedures. (08.6-45)
are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. (08.12-45)
(3) It is/was + 形容词 + that-clause
e.g. Some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it's vital we find rational ways of fishing. (03.1-S9)
think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives (07.6-45)
3.2.2 针对句子细节，掌握一定速记技巧
根据艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)的记忆遗忘规律，人脑的记忆由短时记
忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一
种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意
义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，
或者一组十位数的数字。人在对输入到大脑的信息有了相当程度的关注和理解之后通过短时
记忆所记下来的信息是最完整的，正如下表所示:
而复合式听写整篇文章的听力时间为3-4分钟，并且复合式听写部分共读三遍。换句话
说，复合式听写句子听写部分的缺失信息是在人短时记忆的第一周期，也就是大脑注意并接
受信息后的20分钟以内重复了2次。从理论上讲，这3个缺失的句子是完全能够被听者记
住并复述和听写下来的。但是由于参加大学英语四级考试的考生都是第二语言习得者，加上
考生应考的心理因素，在考生接受听写信息的时候往往出现手忙脚乱的状况。许多考生反应，
句子听懂了，可是只能记住前面的几个单词或者是整句话中比较熟悉的几个单词。因此，在
平时的训练当中适当的进行一些速记训练，并将速记技巧运用到考场上，是能够帮助考生减
少该部分遗漏信息、提高该部分的得分率的有效措施。
(1) 句子听写速记的注意事项
? 听第一遍录音时，应从整体上把握句子，此时速记的主要内容应以句型、句子主干(即主谓宾成分)以及句子的逻辑关系(如因果、让步、比较等)为主。
? 对于复合式听写文章中反复多次出现的关键词，在缺失信息中也出现的，建议考生采用缩写、符号等来代替。
? 根据题目要求的，即可采用原句词汇又可采用自己的语言归纳，因此听写句子所采用的句型词汇是比较灵活的，原则上只要能将句子的意思表述清楚就能得分。但是如果希望能在改部分尽量不失分，建议考生尽量写出文章的原句，在有一部分信息遗漏的情况下再根据自己的记忆和速记笔记总结出句子大意。
? 速记笔记切忌潦草。
(2) 句子听写速记的相关符号
? 一些表示句子逻辑关系的符号
&/+ 表并列 (and, also, as well as, together with, plus, in addition to, furthermore etc.)
?/? 表原因 (because, because of, since, as, for, owing to, due to, thanks to etc.)
?/? 表结果 (consequently, so therefore, as a result, thus, etc)
< /> 表比较 (less than, more than)
= 表对等 (that is, that is to say, mean, equal to, etc.)
? 表不对等(not equal to, not match for, etc.)
? 表相当 (approximately, around, or so, etc.)
? 表总和/归纳(in total, the total sum, in summary, etc.)
( ) 表包括 (including, within, among, inside, etc.)
esp./*/～ 表强调(especially, the most important is, etc.)
? 一些常用的速记符号
cf compare
e.g. for example, such as, for instance
dept department
@ at
2 to
4 for
w/ with
w/o without
vs. against
i.e. that is to say, in other word
etc. and so on, so and so forth
? 灵活运用数学符号、阿拉伯数字以及自然学科符号
a) 数学符号可以用于表述句子的逻辑关系，上文已提及此处不再赘述。
b) 字切忌使用单词拼写，一律用阿拉伯数字;同时，阿拉伯数字还可用于表述年
代、月，甚至是星期。
c) 一些单位，元素等名称可以利用自然学科，如化学、物理等学科的符号
e.g. kg kilograms
m/h meters per hour
H2O water
? 一些长单词或词组的缩写建议
a) 一些单词可省略词尾并不影响辨认
e.g. subj subject
ind individual
assoc associate
biol biology
info information
ach achievement
chem chemistry
max maximum
min minimum
intro introduction
b) 一些单词可省略原音字母并不影响辨认
e.g. ppd prepared
prblm problem
estmt estimate
bkgd background
gvt government
mvmt movement
c) 一些常用专有名词可缩写
e.g. USA The United States of America
OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
UNSECO United Nations Education, Science, Culture Organization
d) 一些常用词组可缩写
e.g. ASAP as soon as possible
ATST at the same time
BTW/PS by the way
BIF basis in fact
F2F/FTF face to face
IAC in any case
IAE in any event
IMO in my opinion
OTOH on the other hand
总而言之，速记的能力不是一天两天练成的，要想在复合式听写句子听写部分乃至听力
长对话和短文理解部分得到高分，必须依靠大家平时的努力练习。同时，以上这些速记符号
仅供大家参考，希望广大考生在平时的听写训练中能自己摸索，养成良好的做笔记的习惯，同时对庞杂的速记符号去粗取精，形成一套适用于自己的速记符号系统。 4. 复合式听写检查阶段注意事项
4.1 认真检查单词拼写
1)大小写问题
注意句首单词首字母要大写。
2)漏写不发音的字母
英语中有些单词中的某些字母是不发音的，如hour，honor中的h;island中的s;及bomb，tomb，comb中的b等等。注意不要漏写不发音的字母。
3)注意名词的单复数
因为复数词尾在最后往往要弱读，所以有时从语音上很难判断名词是单数还是复数，但是我们可以根据上下文和语法知识来判断单复数。
A(如果空格前是a或者an，则所填单词为单数名词。
B(如果空格前是the，则所填单词可能为单数也可能为复数。
C(如果空格前是few，a few，many，a good many，a number of等词或短语，则所填词为复数(或单复数同形)名词。
D(如果空格前是little，a little，much，an amount of，a great deal of，则所填单词一定为单数名词。
4)注意动词变化
应该根据上下文语法关系来判断所填动词的时态和语态的使用是否正确。近几年复合式听写尤其考查动词的过去分词和现在分词。
同时要注意要根据主语确定谓语动词的单复数。
5)注意形容词和副词词尾
复合式听写中考查的形容词一般词形都比较复杂，所以大家在平时记忆单词时就应注意其拼写。副词一般都以-ly结尾，但要注意形容词转化为副词时词尾-ly的不同加法。比如:是否去掉末尾的 ―e‖，whole的副词是wholly，而complete的副词是completely。
4.2 认真检查句子结构
1) 句子谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致是否与前后相照应;
2) 采用了缩写以及符号进行速记的部分切记要将相应的部分补充完整;
3) 对于有词汇盲点的句子，可以根据自己记录的信息以及对整篇文章的理解归纳大意。
5. 复合式听写真题详解
08年12月CET-4复合式听写
Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the 36 will continue through
the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new 37 has appeared on the world 38 rapidly rising crime rates in
nations that previously reported few 39. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, 40 and auto theft are
clearly rising, 41 in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.
What is driving this crime 42? There are no simple answers. Still, there‘re certain conditions 43 with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, 44____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
These conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece, 45________________ __________________________________________.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and 46_________________ _____________________________________________________________________________.
【真题详解】
这篇文章题材属于社会科学类，在考生快速浏览完全文后，不难发现本文的主旨是讨论
犯罪率在世界范围内日益上升的原因。而全文的关键词是crime以及culture。由此不难看出
作者的观点是在指明当今世界犯罪率上升的原因在于世界人口的流动和融合而产生的文化
多相性导致人们社会价值观的颠覆。
36. trend 由于单词前面出现了定冠词the，后面紧跟着谓语will continue，因此本题很明
显是要填一个名词。有的考生将trend误听成train，虽然词性正确，但是整句话的意思表述
就不合理了。
37. phenomenon 这个单词的考查几率非常高，考生错误率高的原因多数是单词拼写。事
实上，根据发音规则还是可以准确的拼写出来的。
38. scene 这个词非常容易跟它的同音词seen混淆，如果没有理解句子的含义的话，这道
题目的错误率也是相当高的。由此可见，同音近音词在复合式听写中的考察几率也相当可观。
39. offences 该题主要考查了名词的单复数。根据这个单词前面的形容词few，不难判断
出这里应该是填该名词的复数形式。
40. murder 此题相对其他题目是比较简单的。考生根据自己的相关背景知识结合听到的
内容不难写出正确答案。
41. particularly 此单词在06年12月的CET-4中的复合式听写部分第39题出现过形容词
形式particular。在此提醒考生们，对于历年考试中出现的单词，也要进行重点记忆。
42. explosion 首先确定此处应该填一个名词，而根据上下文的意思不难拼写出这个单词。
有的考生将explosion写成exploration，同36题一样，虽然词性对了，但是词义在逻辑上是
不合理的。
43. associated 此题考查的是过去分词做后置定语，考生如果没有仔细阅读文章，极有可
能会写成该词的动词原型。由此可见，动词的各种形态也是本部分考查的重点。
44. changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. 这里所涉及到的都是和前文并列的名词性词组，考查内容包括动词的分
词形式(changing, accepted)、名词的复数形式(borders, ideas)、形容词比较级(greater)、容易语
音混淆的词(growth?grows)以及固定短语(the lack of)。
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. 这里考查的是复合式听写当中出现的高频句型——定语从句。考生同时还要注意
主句和从句的时态一致问题。
46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems. 这个
句子结构比较简单，而主语比较长可能会导致考生无法写出句子的谓语以及谓语以后的部
分。因此，从整体上把握句子的大意才是听写句子的关键。
08年12月CET-4复合式听写原文
Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene, rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offenses. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.
What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there‘re certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
6. 复合式听写同步训练
6.1 词汇听写
Passage 1
If we stand on a city street look up at the ______, the stars seem dim and far away. The lights of the city blind us. Tall _________ shut out great parts of the sky.
But let us go out and climb a hill on a clear summer _______. The city‘s lights and buildings
are left far behind. The sky seems like a soft blue curtain over our heads. And the stars are like diamonds ________ in the sky.
As we stand looking _________, we are doing something that men have been doing from the beginning of history. Wise men and shepherds looked in wonder at the same ________ of light thousands of years ago. What were they made of? How did they come to be up there in the sky?
People ________ the heavens to find answers to these questions. The study of stars is the ________ of all sciences.
Passage 2
Most of us use oil in some way, and it is difficult to ________ the modern world without oil. But oil is not to find and get out of the earth. _______ must study the rocks carefully. When they think that the rocks in a certain place ______ oil, a metal tower is built.
A machine in the ______ cuts a narrow hole down into the ground. As the hole is made, a ______ pipe is pushed down to stop the sides from ______ in. at last, if the men have judged correctly, the hole reaches the oil. ______ the oil rushes up the pipe with great force and streams high into the air. This can be very dangerous if the oil catches fire. _______, a kind of lid is usually fixed to the top of the pipe, and the oil is allowed to flow out through taps.
Passage 3
Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. _______ the story for the film may take many weeks. Filming the story often takes at least six months. Actors and ________ work very early in the morning until late at night. Each ______ has to be acted and reacted, filmed and re-filmed, until it is just right.
The film ______ is like a large factory. Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio. Churches, houses, and castles are all built of wood and ______. Several hundred people work together to make one film. Some of these people are the actors and actresses. The ______ of the film, however, is the most important. He decides how the scene should be ______ and how the actors should act. Some famous directors make their films very ______. People feel that they themselves are among the people in the film.
Passage 4
The world population is growing by 2% every year. Every second of the day there are two more people on earth, two more mouths to ________. Every year, there are 68 million more people who need a place to live. By the year 2015, the population will be ________ what it is today.
This means that there is less room for ________, less space on the earth to live, to grow food and to build ______. Today, if every person took a (an) ______ part of the earth, everyone would receive 150 square meters. In the year 2000, this will only be 120 square meters per person, and by 2027 it will only be 60 square meters per person, if the population _______ to grow. If this happens, people will be like ______ and other animals, living in very small spaces. If there are too many animals in one space, they will start _______ each other to survive.
Passage 5
Most people play sports because they want to. A few people, however, are paid for the sport they play. These people are called _______ sportsmen, who can earn a lot of money.
For example, a professional footballer in England earns more than $60000 a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis _______ can make more than one million dollars a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much money as that. ______ the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is this: the ______ can earn more money from advertising than from sport. A (An) _____________ for sport equipment does not ________ say ―Buy our things.‖ It says: ―Buy the same shirt and shoes as...‖ _______ sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or photographs and they are paid
for this. Sport is no longer something for people‘s ________ time.
Passage 6
Michael considered himself to be a ______ driver. He always kept his car in good mechanical condition and had it _______ regularly. When on the road, he always drove very _______ and
with due consideration for the other road users. Whenever he wanted to change direction he used
to look in his driving mirror and indicate his _______ long before he turned. One day, however, he was driving _______ a country road when he came to a village. He failed to notice the thirty-mile-limit sign and drove through it at forty miles an hour. When he got to the other end of
the village he was stopped by the _______ policeman who had been following him in his patrol car. The policeman told him that he had been _______ the speed limit and asked to see his
documents. When Michael told him that he didn‘t have them on him he was _______ to produce
them at a police station of his own choice within five days.
Passage 7
I heard the story once of a man who was very _______of himself because he thought he was
very good at finding _______. He never paid the full price for anything. One day he was _______
to find a shop which was selling trousers at half the price that one would _______ pay for the
cheapest pair The first day he _______ them，he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain. _______ his surprise when the trousers started to disintegrate and he found himself ______
without trousers. _______, there was nobody about So he found a telephone box and called his wife to bring him another pair urgently.
Passage 8
I generally go to school by subway. The subway is always _______ and I don‘t often get a
seat. In the subway, on my way to school, I look at the _____ on the walls of the car, watch the
faces of the other _______ and read the newspaper headlines over someone‘s ______. It takes me
about half an hour to get to school(My first class begins at nine o‘clock and my last class ends at three. After school hours, I _______ go to the Student Center or to a coffee house with my friends for an hour or so. _______, I go home.
Passage 9
Books are, in a sense, one of the _______ of human beings. People often say that gold and silver are the most ________ things in the world. But I believe that reading books is more valuable than anything else, because reading books gives us knowledge. Books can ______ our minds,
enrich our thinking and _____ us of many of the things which can‘t be learned from practice.
Books are our teachers. They teach us truth, science, _______ and philosophy of life. We
have to learn so long as our life continues. Our life is limited, and the knowledge _______. There
are also many which should be ________. Books tell us what is good and what is civil Books can ________ between the good and the bad. So reading more books is the best policy for us young people.
Passage 10
To most visitors, New York is both a _______ and frightening city. It is a city of great wealth and of great _________. There are many rich people, but there are many poor people, too. There are many luxury apartment buildings and there are many slum tenements. There is a great deal of beauty and a great deal of ________. The parks and the shops are beautiful, but the dirty streets and the subway stations are ugly. There are many tall _________ above ground and many
_________ subways underground(Most things are expensive, but some things are free. The cost of _________ is generally high but there are usually many free _________, concerts, and art
exhibitions. There is an ―East Side‖ and a ―West Side‖ and an ―Uptown‖ and a ―Downtown‖. There are people who work all day and people who work all night. The city is never _________
New York seems unfriendly but it really isn‘t.
Passage 11
The English classroom is on the tenth floor of the Commerce Building. It is a large room about twenty feet long and ten feet wide. The walls are light green and brown and the _________
is white. Under the windows there are two painted _________ for heating the room in the winter
time. On the ________ wall, near one end, there is a brown door and next to it there is a thermostat. There is a large blackboard on the _________ wall of the room with chalk and
_________ on the ledge. The teacher's desk is in front of this blackboard. In the back of the room there is a row of hooks in the wall for the students‘ coats and _________. There are about twenty
light-colored chairs in the room for the students. Each chair has a _______ right arm. The arm is
the student‘s desk. On the whole, it is a pleasant and _______ room.
Passage 12
It is three o‘clock in the afternoon now and I am _________ in the library and writing you
this letter. It is a very _________, warm summer day and I am looking out of the window at
________ Square Park. There are lots of people in the park today. There are many mothers and children in the playground. The children are playing games and chasing each other. The mothers are standing or sitting in _______ and talking to each other. Some mothers are running after their children. There are many old people in the park this afternoon, too. Some are reading __________and some are just ________ on boys and girl are walking in the park and holding
hands. There are lots of pretty girls in the park today also and I am very busy ―Girl-watching‖ This
is one of my favorite _______. It is more interesting than doing homework. However, I must say ―Good-bye‖ and get back to my work.
Passage 13
I usually go to work by ________. I get to work by 8:00 A M. Before I start my job, I put on my _________ and look at myself in the mirror and make sure that I look _________ At 8:30 in
the morning, I go on duty, I usually eat lunch from twelve to one and ________ take a ten-minute
break in the morning. And in the afternoon, at 4:30 in the afternoon, I go off duty. I enjoy my job very much. I meet all kinds of people and talk to everyone. Many people ask me questions, and I give them the ________ information. I try to be very helpful. I never stay in one place long. On
the __________, I am constantly on the move. Most men take off their hats in my car. Sometimes
I tell passengers to put out their __________. Some people smile at me and others _________ me.
My life is a series of ―ups‖ and ―downs‖.
Passage 14
Very few people were coming to eat the White Rose ___________, and its owner did not
know what to do. The food in his restaurant was ________ and good, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.
Then he did something that _________ all that, and in few weeks, his restaurant as always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a __________ came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a beautiful __________. The menus looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important _________ inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man gave the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine, while the menu that he gave to the lady gave a
much higher price! So when the man _________- ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more __________ than he really was!
Passage 15
During the last war, most of the men were ________ or working in factories, so it was very difficult to find men to do other work. The headmaster of a school wanted a _________, but the
only person he was able to get was an old ________ farmer.
The old man worked so hard in the school garden that the headmaster became __________.
He thought that the old man might get ill or die if he continued like that, so he _________to him
that he should work more ________ and rest more. But the old man continued to work as before. At last the headmaster went to the man‘s wife and asked her to speak to her _______.
―All right,‖ she answered, ―but I don‘t think it will do any good. You see, he has worked for himself all his life, never for anybody else, so he has just never ________ to work slowly.‖
6.2 句子听写
6.2.1速记句子
根据听到的内容，运用速记符号做笔记，写出句子大意。本部分每句话仅读一遍。
No.1笔记:
大意:
No.2笔记:
大意:
No.3笔记:
大意:
No.4笔记:
大意:
No.5笔记:
大意:
No.6笔记:
大意:
No.7笔记:
大意:
No.8笔记:
大意:
No.9笔记:
大意:
No.10笔记:
大意:
No.11笔记:
大意:
No.12笔记:
大意:
No.13笔记:
大意:
No.14笔记:
大意:
No.15笔记:
大意:
6.1.2 听写句子 根据听到的内容写出句子原文或者句子大意。本部分每句话读两遍。
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
No.5
No.6
No.7
No.8
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6.3 模拟训练
Passage 1
If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably(1)______ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically,(2)______,
and(3) _ _ now, You probably don‘t spend much time worrying about the(4)_______ future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or(5) _ __ , how you will take care of
yourself in your(6) __ years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have(7)
_______ your mind once in a while. However, if you are in you thirties, forties, fifties, or older,
such health-related thoughts are likely to become(8) __ important to you.
(9) that
will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in
late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life.(10) , giving us the
opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them.(11) _____________________________________________________________________________.
Passage 2
For over 200 years, the natural (1)_ _ of America have been(2)_ _ _ us with
a rich and wonderful life. And the(3)__ _ beauty of the land itself may be the most(4)
_______ of all.
But the beauty that was once(5)__ across out land is slowly(6)__ _ . In many parts
of our country, the land can no longer be(7) _ for what it once was. That‘s why, 22 years ago, the America the Beautiful Fund was founded for the preservation and(8)_______
of the natural wonders of America. (9) _________________________________ ________
________________________________________________________________.
And preserve it, so(10) _ .
Support the America the Beautiful Fund, The future of our land may depend on it.(11) , 219
Shoreham Building, Washington, D.C. 20005.
Passage 3
How hard is it to get beautiful hair?
Beautiful hair cannot be taken for granted.(1)______ factors, chemical(2)______ and the
mechanical(3)______ done by combs, brushes and blow (4)______ all have a bad effect on the
hair in the long run .The hair parts into thin pieces, loses its(5) _______, becomes hard and
easily broken and develops(6)_______ ends.
Our heated (7)_______, a new (8) _______ to pretty hair,(9)
__________________________________________________________________. No hairdresser
needs to be told how crucial the quality of a pair of scissors is. But(10) .
What‘s more, the heating element is located in the interior of the edges, with the best possible
heat transference to the cutting edges.(11) ____
________________________________________________. The cut end of the hair is closed up smoothly and neatly.
Passage 4
The over-population of towns is mainly caused by the drift of large numbers of people form the(1) areas. These people have become(2) with the traditional life of farming, and have come to the towns hoping for better work and pay.
One possible(3) to the problem would be to impose(4) on town
residents. Only officially registered residents would be allowed to live in the towns and the(5)
_______ population would thus be limited. In practice, however, registration would be very difficult to(6) ; it would cause a great deal of(7) _ , which would ultimately lead
to(8) .
The only long-term solution is(9) _ __
_____________________________________________________.This could be achieved by
providing encouragement for people to go and work in the villages.(10) _____
_____________________________________________________________________.Education
should include training in improved methods of farming and other rural industries, so as to develop a more positive attitude towards rural life. The improvement of life in the villages is very important,(11) _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
Passage 5
Encouragement of(1) thinking in students is one of the(2) of most
colleges and universities. Few professors require students to(3) the professors‘ own
(4) .In general, professors are more(5) that students learn to question and
critically examine the(6) of others, including some of their own beliefs or (7) __ .
This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, that professors will usually ask you to support the views you (8) __ in class or in
your writing.
If your arguments(9) ___
________. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine(10) __ .
Put it this way:Professors don‘t tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think.
On the other hand, if you intend to(11) ______
___________________________. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness.
Passage 6
To help guide you through the(1) world of publishing this book includes advice
on(2) your writing topic,(3) prospective(4) ___ and publishers,
organizing your(5) _ or book, and getting it into(6) .
Also in these pages is(7) collected information on the technical(8)_______
markets(9) ____________________.The
latter include copyrights, contracts, and taxes. And for inspiration, you‘ll read(10) . Indeed,
the theme of this book is marketing as my primary aim is to help you market your technical writing to make it more publishable.(11) _
_______________________________________________________.
Passage 7
It is not true that one picture is(1) a thousand words. It takes only a few words-if
they are the right words-to ignite the(2) _ and produce pictures far more(3)_______
than anything within the range of(4) _ communications.
Yet the(5) importance and power of(6) is represented not by its(7)
_______ images but by its ability to convey(8) ides. No matter how(9)
________________________________________________________________________________________ if he is unable to think abstractly.(10) __ ______
___________________________________________________. This is what is meant by abstract thought. No other medium of communications can equal the speed and accuracy of print in moving an abstraction from one human brain to another. If we are looking for a way to kill philosophy,(11) _________________.
Passage 8
How is a (1) produced? It is produced by the effect of light on certain
(2) .Certain chemical (3) change when light reaches them. Where the light is
(4) they get very dark. Where (5) light reaches them they get less dark. For
this reason the (6) picture take H by a camera (7) light objects as dark
shapes，and dark objects as lighter shapes. It was possible to take photographs only when scientists had discovered something about the effects of light.
Scientific discoveries have important effects on society. The discoveries about light made by scientists had (8) effects. (9) _____________________________________________
________________________________________________. When Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin，(10) ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________. The effect of penicillin on a human body is to kill some of the dangerous germs which enter the body. Penicillin kills these germs quickly，
before they have time to produce very harmful effects on the sick person. Before penicillin was discovered，millions of people died every year of the diseases caused by these germs. The number of deaths was greatly reduced by penicillin. (11) _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
Passage 9
Banks and (1) money-lenders are unwilling to make funds (2) to a
poor farmer who cannot repay his loan. But if no one 1endshlm money he must (3) _______ poor. For this reason some governments now make funds available t0 poor farmers and do not expect payment of (4) or early (5) of the loan.
A poor farmer who obtains a loan from a rich money lender cannot improve his (6) ___ of living He only (7) to the money 1enders income and improves the money lender‘s
standard of living. In fact he becomes the (8) of the money lender and cannot get free.
Some poor countries (9) ________________
____________________________________________:they do not wish to contribute to the
income and power of the rich countries. It is probably unwise to take a loan, if this involves losing ones freedom.
A rich country should not (10) __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. On the other hand a loan wisely given and wisely used can contribute to the improvement of a poor country‘s standard of living. Even if a rich country 1ends money to a poor country without expecting interest, this is a kind of investment. When the poor country (11) _____
_______________________________________________________, both countries will become richer as a result.
Passage 10
Many stories about famous people are not (1) on facts. They are like some of the (2) _ which people tell about their friends，which are (3) from a friend to a
friend‘s friend and so on. A story which is passed from mouth to mouth in this(4) may
be better in the end than it was in the (5) , but probably it will end (6) as a very
different story. Each (7) adds something or leaves something out or changes something，
so by the time the story is written in a book it is a long way from any (8) in fact.
An English novelist wrote a new book and (9) __________ ________
_____________________________________ that evening the novelist had a meal with his publisher and an American friend. They talked about the new book，(10) ____________________
______________________________________________________________________. Later the publisher asked him why he had not been more accurate. ―To an American，‖said the novelist，
―a thousand is nothing. (11) __________________ _________________
___________________________________________________.‖ This novelist was not famous for his accuracy but for his novels;he knew how to tell stones His best novel will probably live for a long time.
Passage 11
When my father died 15 years ago, my brother and I(1)__ the old Midwestern
farmhouse our grandparents had(2) _ __ in the 1930s. I was the one who decided to make a life in this village, population 350, in(3) __ _ Michigan.
A job in the English(4)__ of a nearby college quickly followed. I(5)______ into
small-town life,(6) _ _ by a community where your neighbors are also your friends and no one worries about locking a door.(7) _ I forgot about the big-city stress of crowds, noise and(8) _ _ .
I was(9) __________________
________________________________________. Shocked and frightened, I called 911, and soon my would-be attacker was arrested, according to police,(10) _
_____________________________________________________________.
It was revealed in court evidence that he was a mental patient who had fallen through the
cracks of the mental health system.(11) _____________________
________ ___.Time and again, colleagues and friends have urged me to get a gun to protect
myself.
Passage 12
Millions of people ? _______ out of bed each morning, ? ______ into some clothes, and
make their way to a cup of coffee and the morning newspaper. They need something ? ______ to
? _______ them that the rest of the day will be less difficult than ? _______ up. This need may
be the reason that many of them ? _______ their half-opened eyes to the comics ? _______ of
the newspaper as they ? _______ first cups of coffee of the day.
Cartoons reflect the times and the troubles and worries of people. ? ___________________
______________________________________________________. They also make fun of the problems that people make for themselves-like making a problem out of which type on. Cartoons provide scapegoats (替罪羊). They also help people to see the humor in a not-so-funny situation. Cartoons also make people laugh at their own personal worries. Young people who are not always sure of how to act can smile at their awkwardness. ? __________________________________
______________________________________________________. Everyone‘s problems are
made bigger-than-life in the comics. Perhaps the problems seem funny because there is humor in something that is real being made unreal.
? _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________. Their troubles seem less important, and they enjoy life more fully.
Passage 13
Human feelings are ? by color unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by
? _ and error* that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered by consumers as tasteless, and that cosmetics should never be ? in brown. These
discoveries have grown into a whole ? of color psychology. Some of our ? ____
are clearly ? . Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore ? with quiet
and calm, Whitish yellow is a ? ___ color in association with energy.
? . So it was
natural that green, the complementary color to red, should be associated with passive defense. Experiments have shown that colors also have a direct psychological effect. ? . Red is exciting.
Similar exposure exciting, it was chosen as the signal for danger.
? . So fire
engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic dead.
Passage 14
A resent poll by the National Sleep Foundation found that two-thirds of the U.S. population gets less than the ? hours of sleep at night. That means sleeplessness is of epidemic ?
______ in this country.
Whether it's the result of insomnia (失眠症) or today‘s burn-the-midnight-oil lifestyle, not
getting enough sleep to poor ? , lack of ? , impaired memory, even ? . It
also can make you more ? to infections. Researchers have found that ? sleep
over just six nights impairs metabolic and hormonal functions. Over time, this can ?
the onset or increase the severity of high blood pressure and Type ? diabetes (糖尿病).
? _____ . Wakefulness
is often the result of bad sleep habits. Sleeping in for hours on weekends, for example, confuses body‘s internal clock and leads to wide-eyed nights and dazed mornings. So will long naps,
although shorts ones to pay back sleep lost the night before or in anticipation of a late night are O.K.
? __________ : stick to
a regular bedtime schedule; try to avoid intense mental activities before bedtime; consider getting
rid of or hiding your bedside clock; watch what you eat; limit alcohol consumption and avoid tobacco; abd do exercise.
If sleep trouble or daytime drowsiness persists, consult a doctor. ? ________________________________________________________________________________________.
Passage 15
A few drinks a week may slightly (1) ______ a woman's chance of developing high blood
pressure, or hypertension, but (2) _______ more than a drink a day puts her at (3) _______ risk,
Harvard researchers report.
The researchers looked at alcohol intake and (4) _______ high blood pressure reported by
more than 70,000 women. They followed the women for 28 years to see (5) _______ they
developed hypertension, taking into (6) _______ other (7) _______ known to be (8) _______ with
high blood pressure, such as weight, physical activity, age, and smoking.
The researchers found that (9) __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________. By contrast, women who drank more than 1.5 drinks a day, or more than 10 drinks weekly, had a 30% increased chance of developing chronic high blood pressure.
Dr. Ravi Thadhani is an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. He noted that (10) _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________, while high levels of alcohol may injure those
vessels, boosting high blood pressure risk. The investigators also examined whether the type of alcohol consumed made a difference. They found that the higher consumption of beer, wine and hard liquor seemed equally harmful. (11) _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
Passage 16
On Memorial Day weekend, 1995, my world changed (1) _______. I was competing in a
horse-skill event in Virginia when my horse, Buck, decided to put on the (2) ______ just before
the third jump. When he stopped suddenly, the force carried me over the (3) _______ of his head.
My hands got entangled in the bridle(缰绳), and I couldn't get an arm (4) _______ to break my
fall. All six-feet-four-inches and 215 pounds of me (5) _______ headfirst. Within seconds I was
paralyzed from the neck down and fighting for air like a (6) _______ person.
I (7) ______ up five days later in the intensive-care unit at the University of Virginia hospital. Dr. John Jane, head of the hospital, said that I was (8) ______ lucky to have survived. (9) ____________________________________________________________________________. Dr. Jane said my skull would have to be reconnected to my spinal column. He wasn't sure if the operation would be successful, or even if I could survive.
(10) ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________. As family and friends visited, I was very excited. I would feel so grateful when someone came a long way to cheer me up. (11) _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________.
Passage 17
The French family meal is (1) _______ an important time of togetherness. Problems and ideas are (2) _______ while everyone enjoys the meal. Since this is an important part of the day for each (3) _______ of the family, they each make a point of (4) _______ time for this meal, which may last from two to four hours. During this time the family may talk together about the day's events, (5) _______ plans, events in the news, and so on. Most French families have this large (6) _______ at noon. However, in cases when the father or children do not come (7) ______ during the middle of tile day, the family (8) _______ together in the evening. Food is a very important part of the French way of life.
(9) _____________________________________________________________________.
The family meal is especially important to the mother since she has spent much of her day shopping for and preparing the food with care. (10) ____________________________________ ________________________________________________. He may then give everyone a slice of bread after making the sign of the cross over the loaf with the knife. Often the mother slices (切片)
the bread for the family by holding the bread against herself and (11)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Passage 18
Mobility has always been one of the main (1) _______ of the US civilization. Such geographic, sociological and (2) _______ mobility was best (3) _______ in the winning of the west and is still true today: the US citizen, unlike most Europeans, does not (4) _______ to change jobs or cities.
The (5) _______ of the automobile made this easier and in the late 1920s, during the Great (6) _______, whole families took to roads, looking for jobs.
Today, recent (7) _______ show a trend toward stabilization with the (8) _______of recent immigrants--but the pioneer and frontier spirit is still very much alive, (9) ___________________ _____________________________________________. On the outskirts (郊区) of big cities, (10)
___________________________________________________________________________________, but also to satisfy a taste to change and novelty which is a basic characteristic of the US social fabric. This wandering (11) ____________________________________________ and is often pictured as necessary to the fulfillment of an individual's fate or of a people's destiny.
Passage 19
People with bad health customs or habits have a much greater chance of suffering serous diseases and needing costly (1) _______ care, but good habits, such as a program of physical exercise, (2) _______ to protect health.
Most of the patients who were in the hospital a long time and who (3) _______ high medical costs were people who were overweight, who smoked (4) _______, or who drank too much alcohol. Persons with such bad habits faced at least a 50 percent greater than (5) _______ chance of needing costly hospital care. The smokers usually had lung or blood vessel diseases. The heavy drinkers had (6) _______ or nerve diseases. And those who were overweight had heart disease, or other diseases.
A program of physical exercise (7) _______ the body's ability to dissolve or melt dangerous blockages in blood vessels. Such a blockage in vessels (8) _______ blood to the heart can cause a
heart attack.
(9) _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________. The program involved a great deal of physical exercise like walking and running. The scientists found that there was a large increase in each person's physical condition after the ten-week exercise program.
(10) ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________.
So the study shows that physical exercise can help protect the person's health. (11) _______ ______________________________________________________________________________.
Passage 20
A look at the history of the United States (1) _______ that this country has often been called "a (2) _______ pot," where various (3) _______ and ethnic groups have learned to work together to build a (4) _______ nation. Even those "(5) _______" Americans, the Indians, probably walked a land (6) _______ from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago. So, who are the (7) _______ Americans? The answer is that any and all of them are! And you, (8) _______ you come from, could also become an American should you want to.
(9) _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________. They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as the desire to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America, "the land of opportunity.‖ (10) ___________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
Americans have also learned much from the customs and ideas of the immigrants and are often influenced by them in subtle and interesting ways. (11) _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________, as well as their ethnic arts, sports, holidays, festivals, and foods. They have greatly enriched American life.
4. 复合式听写
4.1 词汇听写
Passage 1
If we stand on a city street look up at the sky, the stars seem dim and far away. The lights of
the city blind us. Tall buildings shut out great parts of the sky.
But let us go out and climb a hill on a clear summer night. The city‘s lights and buildings are
left far behind. The sky seems like a soft blue curtain over our heads. And the stars are like diamonds twinkling in the sky.
As we stand looking upward, we are doing something that men have been doing from the
beginning of history. Wise men and shepherds looked in wonder at the same pinpoints of light
thousands of years ago. What were they made of? How did they come to be up there in the sky?
People watched the heavens to find answers to these questions. The study of stars is the oldest of all sciences.
Passage 2
Most of us use oil in some way, and it is different to imagine the modern world without oil.
But oil is not to find and get out of the earth. Men must study the rocks carefully. When they think that the rocks in a certain place contain oil, a metal tower is built.
A machine in the tower cuts a narrow hole down into the ground. As the hole is made, a steel
pipe is pushed down to stop the sides from falling in. at last, if the men have judged correctly, the hole reaches the oil. Usually the oil rushes up the pipe with great force and streams high into the air. This can be very dangerous if the oil catches fire. Therefore, a kind of lid is usually fixed to
the top of the pipe, and the oil is allowed to flow out through taps.
Passage 3
Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. Writing the story for the film may
take many weeks. Filming the story often takes at least six months. Actors and cameramen work
very early in the morning until late at night. Each scene has to be acted and reacted, filmed and
re-filmed, until it is just right.
The film studio is like a large factory. Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio. Churches, houses, and castles are all built of wood and cardboard. Several hundred people work together to
make one film. Some of these people are the actors and actresses. The director of the film,
however, is the most important. He decides how the scene should be filmed and how the actors
should act. Some famous directors make their films very real. People feel that they themselves are
among the people in the film.
Passage 4
The world population is growing by 2% every year. Every second of the day there are two more people on earth, two more mouths to feed. Every year, there are 68 million more people who need a place to live. By the year 2015, the population will be twice what it is today.
This means that there is less room for everybody, less space on the earth to live, to grow food and to build houses. Today, if every person took an equal part of the earth, everyone would receive
150 square meters. In the year 2000, this will only be 120 square meters per person, and by 2027 it
will only be 60 square meters per person, if the population continues to grow. If this happens,
people will be like mice and other animals, living in very small spaces. If there are too many animals in one space, they will start fight each other to survive.
Passage 5
Most people play sports because they want to. A few people, however, are paid for the sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen, who can earn a lot of money.
For example, a professional footballer in England earns more than $60000 a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis champions can make more than one million dollars a
year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much money as that. Perhaps the most
surprising thing about sportsmen and money is this: the stars can earn more money from
advertising than from sport. An advertisement for sport equipment does not simply say ―Buy our
things.‖ It says: ―Buy the same shirt and shoes as...‖ Famous sportsmen can even advertise things
like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or photographs and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer something for people‘s spare time.
Passage 6
Michael considered himself to be a model driver. He always kept his car in good mechanical condition and had it serviced regularly. When on the road, he always drove very carefully and with
due consideration for the other road users. Whenever he wanted to change direction he used to look in his driving mirror and indicate his intention long before he turned. One day, however, he was driving along a country road when he came to a village. He failed to notice the thirty-mile-limit sign and drove through it at forty miles an hour. When he got to the other end of
the village he was stopped by the local policeman who had been following him in his patrol car. The policeman told him that he had been exceeding the speed limit and asked to see his
documents. When Michael told him that he didn‘t have them on him he was instructed to produce
them at a police station of his own choice within five days.
Passage 7
I heard the story once of a man who was very proud of himself because he thought he was
very good at finding bargains. He never paid the full price for anything. One day he was delighted
to find a shop which was selling trousers at half the price that one would normally pay for the
cheapest pair The first day he wore them，he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain. Imagine
his surprise when the trousers started to disintegrate and he found himself eventually without
trousers. Luckily, there was nobody about So he found a telephone box and called his wife to bring him another pair urgently.
Passage 8
I generally go to school by subway. The subway is always crowded and I don‘t often get a
seat. In the subway, on my way to school, I look at the signs on the walls of the car, watch the
faces of the other passengers and read the newspaper headlines over someone‘s shoulder. It takes
me about half an hour to get to school(My first class begins at nine o‘clock and my last class ends at three. After school hours, I sometimes go to the Student Center or to a coffee house with my friends for an hour or so. Afterwards, I go home.
Passage 9
Books are, in a sense, one of the necessities of human beings. People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I believe that reading books is more valuable than anything else, because reading books gives us knowledge. Books can broaden our minds,
enrich our thinking and inform us of many of the things which can‘t be learned from practice.
Books are our teachers. They teach us truth, science, literature and philosophy of life. We
have to learn so long as our life continues. Our life is limited, and the knowledge boundless. There
are also many which should be avoided .Books tell us what is good and what is civil Books can distinguish between the good and the bad. So reading more books is the best policy for us young people.
Passage 10
To most visitors, New York is both a fascinating and frightening city. It is a city of great wealth and of great poverty. There are many rich people, but there are many poor people, too. There are many luxury apartment buildings and there are many slum tenements. There is a great deal of beauty and a great deal of ugliness. The parks and the shops are beautiful, but the dirty
streets and the subway stations are ugly. There are many tall skyscrapers above ground and many
winding subways underground(Most things are expensive, but some things are free. The cost of entertainment is generally high but there are usually many free lectures, concerts, and art
exhibitions. There is an ―East Side‖ and a ―West Side‖ and an ―Uptown‖ and a ―Downtown‖. There are people who work all day and people who work all night. The city is never asleep New
York seems unfriendly but it really isn‘t.
Passage 11
The English classroom is on the tenth floor of the Commerce Building. It is a large room about twenty feet long and ten feet wide. The walls are light green and brown and the ceiling is
white. Under the windows there are two painted radiators for heating the room in the winter time.
On the opposite wall, near one end, there is a brown door and next to it there is a thermostat. There is a large blackboard on the front wall of the room with chalk and erasers on the ledge. The
teacher's desk is in front of this blackboard. In the back of the room there is a row of hooks in the wall for the students‘ coats and jackets. There are about twenty light-colored chairs in the room for the students. Each chair has a flat right arm. The arm is the student‘s desk. On the whole, it is a pleasant and comfortable room.
Passage 12
It is three o‘clock in the afternoon now and I am sitting in the library and writing you this
letter. It is a very pleasant, warm summer day and I am looking out of the window at Washington
Square Park. There are lots of people in the park today. There are many mothers and children in the playground. The children are playing games and chasing each other. The mothers are standing or sitting in groups and talking to each other. Some mothers are running after their children. There are many old people in the park this afternoon, too. Some are reading newspapers and some are
just resting on boys and girl are walking in the park and holding hands. There are lots of pretty girls in the park today also and I am very busy ―Girl-watching‖ This is one of my favorite
pastimes. It is more interesting than doing homework. However, I must say ―Good-bye‖ and get
back to my work.
Passage 13
I usually go to work by subway. I get to work by 8:00 A M. Before I start my job, I put on my uniform and look at myself in the mirror and make sure that I look neat At 8:30 in the morning, I
go on duty, I usually eat lunch from twelve to one and generally take a ten-minute break in the
morning. And in the afternoon, at 4:30 in the afternoon, I go off duty. I enjoy my job very much. I meet all kinds of people and talk to everyone. Many people ask me questions, and I give them the necessary information. I try to be very helpful. I never stay in one place long. On the contrary, I
am constantly on the move. Most men take off their hats in my car. Sometimes I tell passengers to put out their cigarettes. Some people smile at me and others ignore me. My life is a series of ―ups‖
and ―downs‖.
Passage 14
Very few people were coming to eat the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know
what to do. The food in his restaurant was cheap and good, but nobody seemed to want to eat
there.
Then he did something that changed all that, and in few weeks, his restaurant as always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave
each of them a beautiful menu. The menus looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man gave the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine, while the menu that he gave to the lady gave a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was!
Passage 15
During the last war, most of the men were fighting or working in factories, so it was very
difficult to find men to do other work. The headmaster of a school wanted a gardener, but the only
person he was able to get was an old retired farmer.
The old man worked so hard in the school garden that the headmaster became worried. He
thought that the old man might get ill or die if he continued like that, so he suggested to him that
he should work more slowly and rest more. But the old man continued to work as before. At last the headmaster went to the man‘s wife and asked her to speak to her husband.
―All right,‖ she answered, ―but I don‘t think it will do any good. You see, he has worked for himself all his life, never for anybody else, so he has just never learnt to work slowly.‖
4.2 句子听写
4.2.1 速记句子
No.1 As the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common
cold, yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve.
No.2 A community theatre is an important part of almost every city or town in the United
States.
No.3 According to a new study done at the Medical School of University of California at Los
Angles, left handed people may be more likely to have accidents than the right handed.
No.4 No matter how small or indistinct the street is, the driver will be able to get you there
without any trouble.
No.5 The training can cost quite a lot, because learners have to pay for their own expenses on
the tests and the medical exam.
No.6 Google Inc., the US-based web search firm, announced last week its profits have more
than doubled in the most recent quarter.
No.7 But the surgeon general says almost half of all nonsmokers in the United States are still
breathing tobacco smoke at home, work or both.
No.8 Some people dream of being President of the United States, some of becoming stars in a
Hollywood movie, and others of making millions of dollars overnight.
No.9 For twenty-five years I was a full-time thief, specializing in picking pockets.
No.10 During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange
gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever.
No.11 It could be as high as 18,500 yuan per month in Hong Kong or a mere 900 yuan in
Lhasa, with about 5,000 Yuan making the cut in Beijing.
No.12 Sony says it will cut four thousand jobs in Japan and six thousand overseas over the
next two and a half years.
No.13 The firefighters had gone out in two groups to battle the blaze but their efforts were
hampered by strong winds and summer temperatures of up to forty degrees Celsius. No.14 The World Health Organization says it was forced for a time to suspend its operations to
contain an outbreak of a deadly virus in Angola because of attacks on its vehicles. No.15 This means that you run a greater risk in almost all aspects when you are under the
influence of alcohol.
4.2.2 听写句子
No.1 This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry
when they wanted to buy something expensive.
No.2 But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is
relatively fast.
No.3 And an increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for
agricultural development such as crop-growing.
No.4 Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of
string could keep them together.
No.5 Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original
streams or lakes.
No.6 They have finished the task that nature has given them.
No.7 Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. No.8 Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches and pilots found them most useful
while flying.
No.9 Most websites are known as different Internet applications.
No.10 Sometimes the power can be so great that young people may easily become victims to
their attraction.
No.11 The plan provides drugs to fifteen poor countries, mostly in Africa. No.12 And says she is getting workshop requests from daycare centers and playschools. No.13 Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current
lifestyle that will help you feel better physically and mentally..
No.14 We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents
did in the past.
No.15 It increases their flexibility and reduces stress.
No.16 Several studies have shown that yoga helps lower blood pressure, improves a person‘s
sense of well-being.
No.17 Google‘s current growth rates are now three-to-four times higher than those of its
closest competitor.
No.18 When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of
the problem.
No.19 It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and
reproduce.
No.20 The suggested fifteen to twenty percent pay raise would rise to fifty percent.
No.21 It says another problem is a shortage of minority teachers, to better represent society.
No.22 Another concern is the large number of boys being identified with learning and
emotional disabilities.
No.23 But the report also advises the public not to worry too much, and to be careful not to
harm the gains that girls have made.
No.24 On the other hand, people in most Asian cultures are far more guarded about expressing
their feelings publicly than most Americans are.
No.25 A major difference between Americans culture and most Asian cultures is that in Asia,
the community is more important than the individual.
4.3 模拟训练
Passage 1
【答案】
(1) focused, (2) mentally, (3) emotionally, (4) distant, (5) cancer, (6) retirement, (7) crossed, (8) increasingly,
(9) Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current lifestyle (10) We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past
(11) And these new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation
【原文】
If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably focused on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and emotionally now, You probably don‘t spend much time worrying about the distant
future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or cancer ,how you will take care of yourself in your retirement years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have crossed your mind once in a while. However, if you are in you thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become increasingly important to you.
Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current lifestyle that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past, giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. And these new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation
Passage 2
【答案】
(1) resources, (2) rewarding, (3) astonishing, (4) wonderful, (5) common, (6) disappearing, (7) recognized, (8) restoration,
(9) With your help, we can keep restoring the land to the state that the past once knew (10) future generations can see for themselves what it is that made America great
(11) To send donations, or for more information, write to: America the Beautiful Fund
【原文】
For over 200 years, the natural resources of America have been rewarding us with a rich and wonderful life. And the astonishing beauty of the land itself may be the most wonderful of all.
But the beauty that was once common across out land is slowly disappearing. In many parts of our country, the land can no longer be recognized for what it once was. That‘s why, 22 years ago, the America the Beautiful Fund was founded for the preservation and restoration of the natural wonders of America. With your help, we can keep restoring the land to the state that the past once knew. And preserve it, so future generations can see for themselves what it is that made America great.
Support the America the Beautiful Fund, The future of our land may depend on it. To send donations, or for more information, write to: America the Beautiful Fun, 219 Shoreham Building, Washington, D.C. 20005.
Passage 3
【答案】
(1) Environmental, (2) treatments, (3) damage, (4) dryers, (5) brightness, (6) split, (7) scissors, (8) approach,
(9) is a modern technological device available in most cities now
(10) all the same, few have imagined a cutting tool as sharp as razors
(11) Heated cutting edges with individually adjustable temperatures seal the cuts instantly
【原文】
How hard is it to get beautiful hair?
Beautiful hair cannot be taken for granted. Environmental factors, chemical treatments and the mechanical damage done by combs, brushes and blow dryers all have a bad effect on the hair in the long run .The hair parts into thin pieces, loses its brightness, becomes hard and easily broken and develops split ends.
Our heated scissors, a new approach to pretty hair, is a modern technological device available in most cities now. No hairdresser needs to be told how crucial the quality of a pair of scissors is. But all the same, few have imagined a cutting tool as sharp as razors.
What‘s more, the heating element is located in the interior of the edges, with the best possible heat transference to the cutting edges. Heated cutting edges with individually adjustable temperatures seal the cuts instantly. The cut end of the hair is closed up smoothly and neatly.
Passage 4
【答案】
(1) rural, (2) dissatisfied, (3) solution, (4) registration, (5) urban, (6) enforce, (7) resentment, (8) violence,
(9) to make life in the rural areas more attractive, which would encourage people to stay there (10) Facilities in the rural areas, such as transport, health and education services should be improved
(11) because the towns themselves cannot be developed without the simultaneous or previous development of the rural area
【原文】
The over-population of towns is mainly caused by the drift of large numbers of people form the rural areas. These people have become dissatisfied with the traditional life of farming, and have come to the towns hoping for better work and pay.
One possible solution to the problem would be to impose registration on town residents. Only officially registered residents would be allowed to live in the towns and the urban population would thus be limited. In practice, however, registration would be very difficult to enforce; it would cause a great deal of resentment, which would ultimately lead to violence.
The only long-term solution is to make life in the rural areas more attractive, which would encourage people to stay there. This could be achieved by providing encouragement for people to go and work in the villages. Facilities in the rural areas, such as transport, health and education services should be improved. Education should include training in improved methods of farming and other rural industries, so as to develop a more positive attitude towards rural life. The improvement of life in the villages is very important, because the towns themselves cannot be developed without the simultaneous or previous development of the rural area.
Passage 5
【答案】
(1) critical, (2) goals, (3) share, (4) beliefs, (5) concerned, (6) arguments, (7) values, (8) express, (9) are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your argument (10) whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions
(11)disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your idea
【原文】
Encouragement of critical thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share the professors‘ own beliefs. In general, professors are more concerned that students learn to question and critically examine the arguments of others, including some of their own beliefs or values. This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, that professors will usually ask you to support the views you express in class or in your writing.
If your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your argument. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way:Professors don‘t tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think.
On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your idea. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness.
Passage 6
【答案】
(1) complex, (2) selecting, (3) contacting, (4) periodicals, (5) article, (6) print, (7) rarely, (8) publication,
(9) as well as valuable pieces of advice on the legal and business aspects of publishing (10) what some very successful technical writers, editors, and publishers have to say about writing and publishing in today‘s competitive marketplace
(11) For no matter brilliant and well written your work is, it‘s limited value unless you get it into print
【原文】
To help guide you through the complex world of publishing this book includes advice on selecting your writing topic, contacting prospective periodicals and publishers, organizing your article or book, and getting it into print.
Also in these pages is rarely collected information on the technical publication markets as well as valuable pieces of advice on the legal and business aspects of publishing. The latter include copyrights, contracts, and taxes. And for inspiration, you‘ll read what some very successful technical writers, editors, and publishers have to say about writing and publishing in today‘s competitive marketplace. Indeed, the theme of this book is marketing as my primary aim
is to help you market your technical writing to make it more publishable. For no matter brilliant and well written your work is, it‘s limited value unless you get it into print.
Passage 7
【答案】
(1) worth, (2) imagination, (3) colorful, (4) electronic, (5) ultimate, (6) print, (7) superior, (8) abstract,
(9) intensive or prolonged a person‘s formal schooling may be, he is only partially educated
(10) He knows that the most vital ingredient in the making of decisions is sequential thought (11) then let us by all means put an end to print, for print is the natural habitat of ideas
【原文】
It is not true that one picture is worth a thousand words. It takes only a few words -- if they are the right words -- to ignite the imagination and produce pictures far more colorful than anything within the range of electronic communications.
Yet the ultimate importance and power of print is represented not by its superior images but by its ability to convey abstract ides. No matter how intensive or prolonged a person‘s formal
schooling may be, he is only partially educated if he is unable to think abstractly. He knows that the most vital ingredient in the making of decisions is sequential thought. This is what is meant by abstract thought. No other medium of communications can equal the speed and accuracy of print in moving an abstraction from one human brain to another. If we are looking for a way to kill philosophy, then let us by all means put an end to print, for print is the natural habitat of ideas.
Passage 8
【答案】
(1) photograph, (2) chemicals, (3) substances, (4) intense, (5) weaker, (6) negative, (7) represents, (8) far-reaching,
(9) Life would not be the same without the camera, the motion picture, and the television set (10) he was not in a position to know the effect on society which his new drug would produce (11) So the effect of penicillin on human societies was to make them much larger, by adding millions of people to the numbers which existed before
【原文】
How is a photograph produced? It is produced by the effect of light on certain chemicals. Certain chemical substances change when light reaches them. Where the light is intense they get very dark. Where weaker light reaches them they get less dark. For this reason the negative picture taken by a camera represents light objects as dark shapes，and dark objects as lighter shapes. It
was possible to take photographs only when scientists had discovered something about the effects of light.
Scientific discoveries have important effects on society. The discoveries about light made by scientists had far-reaching effects. Life would not be the same without the camera, the motion picture, and the television set. When Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin，he was not in a
position to know the effect on society which his new drug would produce. The effect of penicillin on a human body is to kill some of the dangerous germs which enter the body. Penicillin kills these germs quickly，before they have time to Produce very harmful effects on the Sick person. Before penicillin wasp discovered，millions of people died every year of the diseases caused by
these germs. The number of deaths was greatly reduced by Penicillin. So the effect of penicillin on human societies was to make them much larger, by adding millions of people to the numbers which existed before
Passage 9
【答案】
(1) private, (2) available, (3) remain, (4) interest, (5) repayment, (6) standard, (7) contributes, (8) slave,
(9) do not take loans from rich countries because they prefer to remain independent (10)make funds available to another country in order to gain power over that country (11)improves its standard of living by developing its resources, it will be able to buy more goods from the country which has given help
【原文】
Banks and private money-lenders are unwilling to make funds available to a poor farmer who cannot repay his loan. But if no one 1endshlm money he must remain poor. For this reason some governments now make funds available t0 poor farmers and do not expect Payment of interest or early repayment of the loan.
A poor farmer who obtains a loan from a rich money lender cannot improve his standard of living He only contributes to the money 1enders income and improves the money lender‘s standard of living. In fact he becomes the slave of the money lender and cannot get free. Some Poor countries do not take loans from rich countries because they prefer to remain independent:
They do not wish to contribute to the income and power of the rich countries. It is probably unwise to take a loan, if this involves losing ones freedom.
A rich country should not make funds available to another country in order to gain power over that country. On the other hand a loan wisely given and wisely used can contribute to the improvement of a poor country‘s standard of living. Even if a rich country 1ends money to a poor country without expecting interest, this is a kind of investment. When the Poor country improves its standard of living by developing its resources, it will be able to buy more goods from the country which has given help, both countries will become richer as a result.
Passage 10
【答案】
(1) based, (2) stories, (3) passed, (4) way, (5) beginning, (6) up, (7) storyteller, (8) basis, (9) a mouth after it was published his publisher told him that a thousand copies had already been sold
(10)and the novelist told the American that 10,000 copies had been sold
(11)I multiplied the number by ten to give him a true idea of the success of the book 【原文】
Many stories about famous people are not based on facts. They are like some of the stories which people tell about their friends，which are passed from a friend to a friend‘s friend and so on. A story which is passed from mouth to mouth in this way, may be batter in the end than it was in the beginning but probably it will end up as a very different story. Each storyteller adds something or leaves something out or changes something，so by the time the story is written in a book it is a
long way from any basis in fact.
An English novelist wrote a new book and a mouth after it was published his publisher told him that a thousand copies had already been sold that evening the novelist had a meal with his publisher and an American friend. They talked about the new book，and the novelist told the
American that 10,000 copies had been sold. Later the publisher asked him why he had not been more accurate. ―To an American，‖said the novelist，―a thousand is nothing. I multiplied the
number by ten to give him a true idea of the success of the book.‖ This novelist was not famous
for his accuracy but for his novels;he knew how to tell stones His best novel will probably live for a long time.
Passage 11
【答案】
(1) inherited, (2) purchased, (3) northern, (4) department, (5) settled, (6) charmed, (7) Eventually, (8) crime,
(9) totally unprepared when I returned home one evening to an answering machine filled with horribly threatening messages
(10) drunk, armed with a 19-inch double-edged knife and just minutes from my door. (11) In spite of my 10-year personal protection, I live with the fear that he will return unsupervised to my community.
【原文】
When my father died 15 years ago, my brother and I inherited the old Midwestern farmhouse our grandparents had purchased in the 1930s. I was the one who decided to make a life in this village, population 350, in northern Michigan.
A job in the English department of a nearby college quickly followed. I settled into small-town life, charmed by a community where your neighbors are also your friends and no one worries about locking a door. Eventually I forgot about the big-city stress of crowds, noise and crime.
I was totally unprepared when I returned home one evening to an answering machine filled with horribly threatening messages. Shocked and frightened, I called 911, and soon my would-be attacker was arrested, according to police, drunk, armed with a 19-inch double-edged knife and just minutes from my door.
It was revealed in court evidence that he was a mental patient who had fallen through the cracks of the mental health system. In spite of my 10-year personal protection, I live with the fear that he will return unsupervised to my community. Time and again, colleagues and friends have urged me to get a gun to protect myself.
Passage 12
【答案】
(1) struggle, (2) fumble, (3) cheerful, (4) remind, (5) getting, (6) turn, (7) section, (8) sip, (9) They give people an opportunity to laugh at themselves at familiar situations (10) Old people whose grown children pay little attention to them can chuckle at their neglect and loneliness
(11) A cartoon combines art and humor because when it is skillfully done, a simple line drawing and a few words can make people laugh
【原文】
Millions of people struggle out of bed each morning, fumble into some clothes, and make their way to a cup of coffee and the morning newspaper. They need something cheerful to remind them that the rest of the day will be less difficult than getting up. This need may be the reason that many of them turn their half-opened eyes to the comics section of the newspaper as they sip first cups of coffee of the day.
Cartoons reflect the times and the troubles and worries of people. They give people an opportunity to laugh at themselves at familiar situations. They also make fun of the problems that people make for themselves-like making a problem out of which type on. Cartoons provide scapegoats (替罪羊). They also help people to see the humor in a not-so-funny situation. Cartoons also make people laugh at their own personal worries. Young people who are not always sure of how te act can smile at their awkwardness. Old people whose grown children pay little attention to them can chuckle at their neglect and loneliness. Everyone‘s problems are made bigger-than-life in the comics. Perhaps the problems seem funny because there is humor in something that is real being made unreal.
A cartoon combines art and humor because when it is skillfully done, a simple line drawing and a few words can make people laugh. Their troubles seem less important, and they enjoy life more fully.
Passage 13
【答案】
(1) affected, (2) trial, (3) packaged, (4) discipline, (5) preferences, (6) psychological, (7) associated, (8) key,
(9) For primitive man, activity during the daytime meant hunting and attacking, which he soon saw red, the color of blood and the fire
(10) People when exposed to bright red, show an increase in breathing rate, heart beat and blood pressure
(11) Further analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm 【原文】
Human feelings are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings that blue foods are considered by consumers as
tasteless, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with quiet and calm, Whitish yellow is a key color in association with energy.
For primitive man, activity during the daytime meant hunting and attacking, which he soon saw red, the color of blood and the fire. So it was natural that green, the complementary color to red, should be associated with passive defense. Experiments have shown that colors also have a direct psychological effect. People when exposed to bright red, show an increase in breathing rate, heart beat and blood pressure. Red is exciting. Similar exposure exciting, it was chosen as the signal for danger.
Further analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic dead.
Passage 14
【答案】
(1) recommended, (2) proportions, (3) judgment, (4) creativity, (5) depression, (6) vulnerable, (7) inadequate, (8) provoke,
(9) For some people, however, the problem is not so much setting aside time to sleep as falling asleep
(10) To train your body to get to sleep more easily, try these tips:
(11) However, you shouldn‘t play down chronic lack of sleep because you lose physically and
mentally when you don‘t sleep
【原文】
A resent poll by the National Sleep Foundation found that two-thirds of the U.S. population gets less than the recommended hours of sleep at night. That means sleeplessness is of epidemic proportions in this country.
Whether it's the result of insomnia (失眠症) or today‘s burn-the-midnight-oil lifestyle, not
getting enough sleep to poor judgment, lack of creativity, impaired memory, even depression. It also can make you more vulnerable to infections. Researchers have found that inadequate sleep over just six nights impairs metabolic and hormonal functions. Over time, this can provoke the onset or increase the severity of high blood pressure and Type ? diabetes (糖尿病).
For some people, however, the problem is not so much setting aside time to sleep as falling asleep. Wakefulness is often the result of bad sleep habits. Sleeping in for hours on weekends, for example, confuses body‘s internal clock and leads to wide-eyed nights and dazed mornings. So
will long naps, although shorts ones to pay back sleep lost the night before or in anticipation of a late night are O.K.
To train your body to get to sleep more easily, try these tips: stick to a regular bedtime schedule; try to avoid intense mental activities before bedtime; consider getting rid of or hiding your bedside clock; watch what you eat; limit alcohol consumption and avoid tobacco; abd do exercise.
If sleep trouble or daytime drowsiness persists, consult a doctor. However, you shouldn‘t play
down chronic lack of sleep because you lose physically and mentally when you don‘t sleep.
Passage 15
【答案】
(1) reduce, (2) consuming, (3) increased, (4) subsequent, (5) whether, (6) account, (7) factors, (8) associated,
(9) women who reported drinking around half a drink a day had a i5% lower chance of developing chronic high blood pressure than women who gave up drinking altogether
(10) moderate amounts of alcohol may relax blood vessels, thus reducing the chance of developing high blood pressure
(11) Light beer drinking seemed to be the most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk of high blood pressure.
【原文】
A few drinks a week may slightly reduce a woman's chance of developing high blood pressure, or hypertension, but consuming more than a drink a day puts her at increased risk, Harvard researchers report.
The researchers looked at alcohol intake and subsequent high blood pressure reported by more than 70,000 women. They followed the women for 28 years to see whether they developed hypertension, taking into account other factors known to be associated with high blood pressure, such as weight, physical activity, age, and smoking.
The researchers found that women who reported drinking around half a drink a day had a i5% lower chance of developing chronic high blood pressure than women who gave up drinking altogether. By contrast, women who drank more than 1.5 drinks a day, or more than 10 drinks weekly, had a 30% increased chance of developing chronic high blood pressure.
Dr. Ravi Thadhani is an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. He noted that moderate amounts of alcohol may relax blood vessels, thus reducing the chance of developing high blood pressure, while high levels of alcohol may injure those vessels, boosting high blood pressure risk. The investigators also examined whether the type of alcohol consumed made a difference. They found that the higher consumption of beer, wine and hard liquor seemed equally harmful. Light beer drinking seemed to be the most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk of high blood pressure.
Passage 16
【答案】
(1) forever, (2) brakes, (3) top, (4) free, (5) landed, (6) drowning, (7) woke, (8) extremely, (9) He told my wife, Dana, and me that I might never be able to breathe on my own again (10) Suddenly it dawned on me that I was going to be a huge burden to everybody, that I had ruined my life and everybody else's.
(11) But the time would come when everybody had to leave, and I'd lie there and stare at the wall, stare at the future, stare in disbelief.
【原文】
On Memorial Day weekend, 1995, my world changed forever. I was competing in a horse-skill event in Virginia when my horse, Buck, decided to put on the brakes just before the third jump. When he stopped suddenly, the force carried me over the top of his head. My hands got entangled in the bridle(缰绳), and I couldn't get an arm free to break my fall. All
six-feet-four-inches and 215 pounds of me landed headfirst. Within seconds I was paralyzed from
the neck down and fighting for air like a drowning person.
I woke up five days later in the intensive-care unit at the University of Virginia hospital. Dr. John Jane, head of the hospital, said that I was extremely lucky to have survived. He told my wife, Dana, and me that I might never be able to breathe on my own again. Dr. Jane said my skull would have to be reconnected to my spinal column. He wasn't sure if the operation would be successful, or even if I could survive.
Suddenly it dawned on me that I was going to be a huge burden to everybody, that I had ruined my life and everybody else's. As family and friends visited, I was very excited. I would feel so grateful when someone came a long way to cheer me up. But the time would come when everybody had to leave, and I'd lie there and stare at the wall, stare at the future, stare in disbelief.
Passage 17
【答案】
(1) considered, (2) discussed, (3) member, (4) allowing,
(5) vacation, (6) meal, (7) home, (8) dines,
(9) The average French family spends almost half their money on food
(10) The meal is begun almost like a ceremony as the father gives everyone some wine (11) slicing a piece for each member of the family. After this, the family begins their meal and conversation together.
【原文】
The French family meal is considered an important time of togetherness. Problems and ideas are discussed while everyone enjoys the meal. Since this is an important part of the day for each member of the family, they each make a point of allowing time for this meal, which may last from two to four hours. During this time the family may talk together about the day's events, vacation plans, events in the news, and so on. Most French families have this large meal at noon. However, in cases when the father or children do not come home during the middle of tile day, the family dines together in the evening. Food is a very important part of the French way of life.
The average French family spends almost half their money on food. The family meal is especially important to the mother since she has spent much of her day shopping for and preparing the food with care. The meal is begun almost like a ceremony as the father gives everyone some wine. He may then give everyone a slice of bread after making the sign of the cross over the loaf with the knife. Often the mother slices (切片) the bread for the family by holding the bread against
herself and slicing a piece for each member of the family. After this, the family begins their meal and conversation together.
Passage 18
【答案】
(1) features, (2) occupational, (3) illustrated, (4) hesitate, (5) appearance, (6) Depression, (7) surveys, (8) exception,
(9) and Americans are still moving on in their search for better opportunities (10) parks are specially equipped to accommodate mobile homes for migrants on the move to find jobs
(11) has been heavily featured in literature and the cinema
【原文】
Mobility has always been one of the main features of the US civilization. Such geographic, sociological and occupational mobility was best illustrated in the winning of the west and is still true today: the US citizen, unlike most Europeans, does not hesitate to change jobs or cities.
The appearance of the automobile made this easier and in the late 1920s, during the Great Depression, whole families took to roads, looking for jobs.
Today, recent surveys show a trend toward stabilization with the exception of recent immigrants--but the pioneer and frontier spirit is still very much alive, and Americans are still moving on in their search for better opportunities. On the outskirts (郊区) of big cities, parks are
specially equipped to accommodate mobile homes for migrants on the move to find jobs, but also to satisfy a taste to change and novelty which is a basic characteristic of the US social fabric. This wandering has been heavily featured in literature and the cinema and is often pictured as necessary to the fulfillment of an individual's fate or of a people's destiny.
Passage 19
【答案】
(1) medical, (2) appear, (3) faced, (4) heavily, (5) normal, (6) liver, (7) improves, (8) carrying, (9) The researchers tested 69 people, both before and after they had taken part in a ten-week physical exercise program
(10) This was true even in those who did not change other habits that increased the dangers of heart attack.
(11) Good physical condition can reduce the chances that a person will die from heart or vessel diseases.
【原文】
People with bad health customs or habits have a much greater chance of suffering serous diseases and needing costly medical care, but good habits, such as a program of physical exercise, appear to protect health.
Most of the patients who were in the hospital a long time and who faced high medical costs were people who were overweight, who smoked heavily, or who drank too much alcohol. Persons with such bad habits faced at least a 50 percent greater than normal chance of needing costly hospital care. The smokers usually had lung or blood vessel diseases. The heavy drinkers had liver or nerve diseases. And those who were overweight had heart disease, or other diseases.
A program of physical exercise improves the body's ability to dissolve or melt dangerous blockages in blood vessels. Such a blockage in vessels carrying blood to the heart can cause a heart attack.
The researchers tested 69 people, both before and after they had taken part in a ten-week physical exercise program. The program involved a great deal of physical exercise like walking and running. The scientists found that there was a large increase in each person's physical condition after the ten-week exercise program.
This was true even in those who did not change other habits that increased the dangers of heart attack.
So the study shows that physical exercise can help protect the person's health. Good physical condition can reduce the chances that a person will die from heart or vessel diseases.
Passage 20
【答案】
(1) indicates, (2) melting, (3) immigrant, (4) unique, (5) original, (6) bridge, (7) real, (8) wherever, (9) The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent to one of immigrants from other parts of the world.
(10) Although there are frequent conflicts between the cultures, most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted land.
(11) Immigrants bring their native cultural, political, and social patterns and attitudes, varied academic and religious backgrounds,
【原文】
A look at the history of the United States indicates that this country has often been called "a melting pot," where various immigrant and ethnic groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation. Even those "original" Americans, the Indians, probably walked a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago. So, who are the real Americans? The answer is that any and all of them are! And you, wherever you come from, could also become an American should you want to.
The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent to one of immigrants from other parts of the world. They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries as well as the desire to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America, "the land of opportunity.‖ Although there are frequent conflicts between the cultures, most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted land.
Americans have also learned much from the customs and ideas of the immigrants and are often influenced by them in subtle and interesting ways. Immigrants bring their native cultural, political, and social patterns and attitudes, varied academic and religious backgrounds, as well as their ethnic arts, sports, holidays, festivals, and foods. They have greatly enriched American life.
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