比较级及最高级

比较级及最高级 比较级及最高级 一、构成 (一)词尾加法 1、+er est, soon , hard , bright 2、+r st, large, late, nice 3、变y为i， happy , early , busy 、重读、闭音，双写 big, thin 4 (二)能用more 和most 构成比较级的词 1、极少数的单音词，2、分词形容词，3、绝大部分双音节词，4、三音节及以上的词 (三)特殊变化 good / well bad / badly / ill far old little much / many (四)读法(1)以 ng结尾的词+er 后要读/g?/ longer, longest young (2)以r结尾的词要读出/r/ clearer clearest tenderer纤弱的; 嫩的; 温柔的; 疼痛的 sore [s?:(r)]疼痛的; 使人伤心的; 恼火的，发怒的 sorer sorest 二、用法 1、原级比较 as+ ad + as +比较级 He did as much as possible. Jack works as hard as his brother. It is just as hot today as (it was) yesterday. None is so blind as those that won’tsee. (熟视无睹，才是真瞎) I’venever seen anyone as happy as Sue. 2、倍数 + as + ad + as + 比较内容 Beijing is ten times as big as my hometown. This tower is half as tall as that tree. 3、as + adj +a(n) + n. +as +比较内容 He is as poor a speaker as I. This is just as good a car as the other. (这车同另一辆一样好) 4、as + ad + as +any other +n /any of +ns He is as diligent (adj.勤奋的; 用功的; 费尽心血的) as any other boy in his class. This room is as big as any other room in the flat. 5、as + ad +as +数字或表时间的短语 This car can run as fast as 150kilometers in an hour. I saw her as late as last December.我去年十二月份刚见到她 He has been in hospital as long as 2 years. 6、as + ad + as (+代词主语+谓语)+ad She is as wise as (she is ) beautiful. (用来对同一事物的两个方面的性质进行比较) This rug (地毯) looks as wide as (it is ) long. **如果与主语相比的对象为人称代词，通常用主格，非正式文中也可用宾格，如果还跟有 谓语，则必须用主格 John is almost as tall as I / me /I am. **用一个分句作比较的对象，而分句中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语为同一动词(be除外) 时，常要用do代 Joe doesn’trunasfastasJohn runs(X) /does. I wish I could play the piano as well as he does. **As之后的分句中常省略与主句重复的成分，如主语，谓语，状语等，但，不能因省略而 弄错比较的对象或造成误解。 Mary’svoice is as sweet as a bird(’s voice). (X) You like her as much as I /me. (I ?I like her; me?You like me) **成语 as white as snow, as light as a feather, as cold as ice常省略第一个as Her skin is white as snow. 三(一)ad比较+than+比较对象 1、China is a little larger than the USA. (两个单项之间比) 2、He is richer than us all. (一个单项与一组) 3、They work harder than you do. (两组之间) 4、She is more diligent than intelligent. (同一事物的两个方面) (二)not + ad 比较 Hedidn’tarrive earlier than she did. (他晚，或，不比她早。) This grey coat is not longer than that red one. (不比红的长，两件差不多，灰的短) (三)no+比较级 意为一点也不，毫不 This book is no more expensive than that one. We are no stupider than others. Are you really 50? You look no older than thirty. (四)the + 比较级+of +比较对象 This one is the better of the two. Tom is the lazier of Mr. Brown’s two sons. Of the two countries, Yemen is the larger. (五)ad比较级 +than any other单名 = ad比较级+ than all other复名 = 最高级 He is taller than any other boy in his class. (六)ad比较级+than + that/ those of„ The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor. The temperature here is higher than that in Paris. 四、比较对象的省略 (一)比较对象清楚，无需提及可省略 Travel by air is becoming cheaper (than before). (二)形容词的比较级作定语，其后跟名词或代词one时，可以省略比较对象 Give me a smaller apple /one. (三)比较级在句中用作表语，宾补或主补时，可省略比较对象 Things are much better now. This will make her happier. In the poorer countries of the world, people hope that some day they too may have machines to make life easier, more comfortable and more enjoyable. (四)than后的从句通常与than前面的主句结构相同，因此，往往只保留进行比较的成分，把其他与主句重复的部分省略掉，在一般情况下，会保留助动词和be Too much help is sometimes worse than no help. I am feeling much better (today ) than (I was feeling) yesterday. (五)有时，than后只保留了possible, usual, necessary比较对象不言自明时，也可连than 一起省 There are more students in the classroom than usual. There’vebought more food than necessary. It is colder in Beijing than (it is cold) in Shanghai. *Mr. Bader likes his dog better than his wife. 有歧义 (六)如果than后的从句中的主语为第一、二人称时，谓语动词常省略 He works more slowly than you. He’staller than I (am) by 3 centimeters. (七)如果是不同的时间相比，而这种时间又通过时态表现出来时，那么than后从句中的谓 语动词或者是可以表明动作时间的助动词不能省略 He is much Stronger than he was. (八)than引导的从句中，常用现在时代将来时。 We’lldrive faster than you do. *The vegetables are much/somewhat(一点儿)/ a little / no cheaper than last week. I’malittle/ much/ quite better now. *quite不能修饰比较级，但可修饰better *more +复可数之前可用far， many I have many more books than she. I know many more students who’d like to come. *more+单不可数前用 far或much He has far / much more meat than she. 五、其他常用句型 (一)比较级+and +比较级 用来表一件事持续的变化 The storm(暴风雨) became more and more violent(猛烈). Watches are getting less and less expensive. Tom runs faster and faster. (二)两个比较级表同一事物的发展进程或程度 Our Country is growing richer and stronger. They were getting closer and more near. (三)the +比较级表更加 多用于习惯用法中 If you start now, you will be back the sooner. 你会回来的更早些 So much the worse. 愈加不妙了 (四)the+比较„the +比较，意为两个比较级所表示的特性平行地增加或减少，可译为越„越 The more the teacher talked, the less I understood. The sooner, the better. 越快越好 The less men think, the more they talk. More haste, less speed 欲速则不达 五、倍数/百分数+比较级+than+比较对象 表净增的倍数或数值，若表倍数，则译为，比„ 多/大„倍，但也可能表只增加了“句中倍数—1”位 A is three times longer than B A比B多三倍 A is three times as long as B A是B的三倍长 A is twice less than B A是B的1/3 A is ten times as light as B A是B的1/10 用ad的最高级比较 (一)用在三者及以上进行比较，表在一定范围内达到最高程度，基本句型为:the+最高级 +in /of+比较范围 Tom is the tallest of all the members in the family. It’sthelargest animal in the world. This is the oldest building in our city. (二)比较的双方为同一类人或事物时，用of或among Jane is the cleverest of all the students in the class. China is the largest of /among these countries. He is the strongest of us all. (三)在一定的地点范围内比较用in China is the largest in Asia. That is the finest thing on the market. 要考虑搭配 That’sthefinest thing under the sun. (四)最高级也可限制在一定时间之内 It is the best beer that I have ever drunk. (五)比较范围不言自明，也可省略 This whale is the largest creature that has ever lived on the earth. (六)形容词最高级作定语时，前常要用the，有时也可用物主代词及其它限定词代the He is the tallest boy in the class. This is the earliestbookI’veever read. The weatherisman’sworst natural enemy. (七)形容词最高级作定语以外的其他句子成份，而且不特别强调相比，the可省去 Which is best? It’scheapest to go by bus. He is most unhappy. (八)最高级有时并不表比较，而用来加强一个概念的表达，说明程度非常高，这时不用t he She was most unhappy. 非常 She was the most unhappy. 有the 表极其，加强程度 Tom was most surprised when he heard the news. The lake is most beautiful in the autumn. The stars are brightest when there is no moon She is the most intelligent woman. 不作定语时，又没有比较范围，意思便有些含糊，可能有两种理解，最高程度或强化语， 要根据上下文分析 (九) a + most +adj+单名 I had a most(非常)difficult time at the office today. This is a most beautiful country(地方) about here(附近). (十)the + adj最高级也可用作代词或名词 The eldest was only ten years old. At that time, things were at the worst. I can’tgo to London till May at the earliest. He tried his best to finish the task. The marketisatit’s busiest. (十一)副词最高级前the 可省略 John runs (the ) fastest in his class.