高三英语：专题八 动词的时态与语态（一）——动词的时态

高三英语：专 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 八 动词的时态与语态（一）——动词的时态 2011年高考英语二轮专题复习 专题八 动词的时态与语态(一)——动词的时态 [知识点归纳] I.动词时态构成形式 一般现在时 一般过去时 do/does,( is/am/are ) did,(was/were) 现在进行时 过去进行时 is/am/are doing was/were doing 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have done had done 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 has/have been doing had been doing 一般将来时 过去将来时 will/shall do would/should do is/am/are going to do was/were going to do is/am/are(about)to do was/were(about)to do II.时态的用法 1.一般现在时 ?一般现在时 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等; I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ?主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来; I’ll go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. ?在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作; There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。 ?现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I don\'t want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的 动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 ?一般现在时代替一般将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。 ?一般现在时代替一般过去时 1 ) \"书上说\"，\"报纸上说\"等。例如: The newspaper says that it\'s going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 2) 叙述往事，使其生动。例如: Napoleon\'s army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。 ?一般现在时代替现在完成时 1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如: I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。 I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 2) 用句型 \" It is … since…\"代替\"It has been … since …\"。例如: It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。 ?一般现在时代替现在进行时 1 在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如: There goes the bell. 铃响了。 2.现在进行时 ?表示正在进行的动作; ?表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 ?代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。表示渐变. The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 ?与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行; He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。 She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。 ?大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。 常见的有: ?感觉类:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear ?情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear ?心态类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt ?所有类:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。 典型例题 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don\'t find B. is missing, don\'t find C. has lost, haven\'t found D. is missing, haven\'t found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。 ?用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如: I\'m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗, ?不用进行时的动词 1)表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 2)表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 3)瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如: I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 4)系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如: You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 ?现在进行时代替将来时 1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如: Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗? We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。 2) 渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如: He is dying. 他要死了。 3.现在完成时 ?表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作; I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. ?表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用; 2 He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. ?表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”; 表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? ,He has gone to the reading-room. —She knows a lot about Shanghai. ,She has been there. ?在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。 When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then. 注意:这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时;试比较: I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call you when she gets home. ?短暂动词(即瞬间动词)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说:He has joined the army three years.可采用: ?“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago. ?“延续法”:He has been in the army for three years. ?“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 注意:没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in(over) the past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。 ?It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. ?This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如: This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 ?比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 典型例题 (1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it\'s the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 3 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 (错)I have received his letter for a month. (对)I haven\'t received his letter for almost a month. ?比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。 注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。) 注意:用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. ?since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。 2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3) since +从句。例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。 ?延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如: He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) 2) 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示\"做……直到……\" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示\"到……，才……\"。例如: He didn't come back until ten o\'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o\'clock. 他一直睡到10点。 典型例题 1. You don\'t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2. ---I\'m sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 4.现在完成进行时 ?用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作; He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. ?凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。 5.一般过去时 ?表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为; He often sang when he was a boy. He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend. 4 ?用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 I didn’t know you were here.(现在已经知道) Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了) ?句型:It is time for sb. to do sth \"到……时间了\" \"该……了\"。 例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. \"时间已迟了\" \"早该……了\" ， 例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示\'宁愿某人做某事\'。例如:I\'d rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 ?wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意: 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗, I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗, 6.过去进行时 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。 ?表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示); He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. ?表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行; They were still working when I left. ?用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生; I was writing while he was watching TV. ?过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等); He said she was arriving the next day. ?与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。(参看现在进行时的用法?) Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. ?过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，\"玛丽在做衣服时\"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为\"当……之时\"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 \"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。\"句中的 fell(fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如:fall sick。 7.过去完成时 概念:表示过去的过去 ----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 ?表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. 5 Everything had been all right up till this morning. ?表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 ?过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose，wish, want等动词), 表 示\"原本…，未能…\". I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 我本来想昨天拜访你的，但是下雨(让我不能来)。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn\'t. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. \"把书忘在办公室\"发生在\"去取书\"这一过去的动作之前，因此\"忘了书\"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在\"同学们正忙于……\"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意: 1.过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它; 2.before, after本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 He (had) left before I arrived. ?had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如: I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 ?had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 ?用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如: When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。 2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如: When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 8.一般将来时 一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住: shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first, 我先读哪一段呢, Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗, ?will/shall do (侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事) ?be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生) a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢, b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 ?be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用) ?be about to do (按计划即将发生) He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 ?be to do (按计划或正式安排将发生) We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 。 一般将来时的用法: ?现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态 Tom will come next week. 6 He will be here tomorrow. ?事物的固有属性或必然趋势 Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. ?对将来某个动作的安排、计划 He is going to speak on TV this evening. ?一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事 情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开,十分钟后。 2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 I\'ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 9.将来完成时 用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。 b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。 10.过去将来时 ?过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中); She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式。 ?表示过去经常发生的动作。 When he was young, he would go swimming. 注意:would与used to的区别:would只表示过去，不涉及现在，而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。 ?时态的固定句型 ?was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事，这时突然……) I was reading a book when the bell rang. ?was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事，这时突然……) We were about to leave when the telephone rang. ?It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that… It’s the first time I’ve seen her. We have been there three times. 如果句中有比较确定的时间状语，则服从时间状语的要求。 Last year I saw him many times. ?It is/has been… since… It is (has been) two weeks since I came here. She said it was five hours since she had finished her work. ?Hardly… when…\No sooner… than… Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain. 7 I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed. ?It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that… This is the first time I have been here. It'll be the first time I've spoken in public. ?时态与时间状语 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等 一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等 现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently等 过去完成时 before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等 过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while等 将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening ?现在时等表示将来时 用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中:if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句;when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句;no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。 在上述从句中如果主句是将来时(往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句)，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如: I’ll not go to his birthday party unless I’m invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes back . 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中带有时间状语)，但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。如: The meeting begins at seven . The train starts at nine in the morning . 当主句是过去将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。如: He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work. 上述从句中还用现在完成时表示将来完成时，此时强调从句动作在主句之前发生。如: You can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作业再出去玩。) [点击 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 ] 【例1】---Sorry to have interrupted you . Please go on . ---Where was I ? --- You ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春) A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 【答案】 C。 【点拨】本题考查过去进行时与过去时及过去完成时的区别。 【解析】本题是一组对话。第二句意为“我刚才讲到哪里了,”对方回答说“你刚才正讲到你不喜欢你父亲的工作那个地方。”应该指刚才正讲到------，所以用过去进行时，选C。 【例2】 How can you possibly miss the news ?It ____ on TV all day long . A.has been B. had been C. was D. will be (2004北京春) 【答案】A.【点拨】本题考查时态用法。【解析】从句意来看，“你怎么可能会没听到这个消息呢,电视上整天在播放该消息。” 而且句中all day long 表示该动作或状态一直在进行，因此应该用完成时态。 【例3】All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor , her nervousness ___. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown (NMET2003) 【答案】C.【点拨】本题考查时态用法。 【解析】 先排除A、B两项，因为从从句看，说的是过去的事，与现在无关;再排除D项，因为“她”不可能在等候医学报告之前就增加了紧张感了。故应选C表明“等候”与“增长”两个动作都在过去同时发生。 【例4】At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic . A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly (2003北京) 【答案】B。 【点拨】本题考查将来进行时shall (will )be +现在分词的用法。 【解析】shall (will )be +现在分词的用法可表示“纯粹的将来”，说话者仅陈述一个事实。或表示某种可能的推测，有“我料想，我估计”的含义。本题中的时间状语at this time tomorrow很明显是个将来进行时，故选B。 【例5】---____ David and Vicky ____ married ? ---For about three years. A. How long were; being B. How long have ; got C. How long have ; been D. How long did ; get 8 【答案】C. 【点拨】本题考查1.延续性动词的用法.2.动词短语be married ,get married 的区别. 【解析】 根据回答 “For about three years .”可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了,须用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;再排除B项，get married 当作非延续性动词使用， 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，不能用How long 来提问。Be married 表示延续的状态，是延续性动词。 【例6】 The news came as no surprise to me .I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down . A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 【答案】A. 【点拨】本题考查动词时态的用法知识。 【解析】本题的第一句是关键“对于那消息我不感到惊讶”，原因就是在这之前已 经知道了内容。第一句用了一般过去时，在一过去动作之前的事情，应选过去完成时。 【例7】 I ____ ping-pang quite well , but I haven’t had time to play since the new year . A. will play B. have played C. played D. play (NMET2001) 【答案】D。 【点拨】该题考查动词时态。 【解析】But 后的并列分句用在现在完成时的否定表示到现在为止未完成的动作，由此可推 断出一个并列分句表示的是经常性的或习惯性的动作，须用一般现在时，故答案为D。 【例8】 I arrived late ; I ____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春) A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting 【答案】C。 【点拨】本题考查的是时态用法。 【解析】本题由两个分句组成。前一个分句用一般过去时。后一个分句中的动词expect 实际上是发生在前一个分句中动词arrived之前，指在此之前没有料到路面会那么的滑。因此应该用过去完成时。故答案选C。 【例9】Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly . A. is changing B. had changed C. will have changed D. will change 【答案】A. 【点拨】本题考查动词的时态用法。 【解析】题干为一个含有原因状语动句的主从复合句，主句陈述的情况是一客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为A。又如: Don’t turn off the light because I am reading a report now. 【例10】Come and see me whenever _____. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C.it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you 【答案】C。 【点拨】本题考查1.whenever “任何时间”引导的时间状语从句2.convenient 一词的用法. 【解析】 1.先排除B、D 两项，因为状语从句中一般将来时需用一般现在时代替。2.convenient “方便的,合适的”,be convenient to sb.(对某人来说)如果方便 的话.排除A 项. [专项训练] 1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother. A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost 2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain. A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going 3. I _____ for five minutes; why don’t they come? A. am calling B. called C. was calling D. have been calling 4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait. A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed 5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to. A. are deciding B. decided C. have decided D. had decided 6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken 7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car. A. save B. were saving C. have saved D. are saving 8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again? A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch 9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years. A. don’t meet B. haven’t met C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet 10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere. A. was to meet B. have met C. had met D. would meet 11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment. A. are expected B. have expected C. are expecting D. will expect 12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office. 9 A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building. A. phoned B. would phone C. had phoned D. was phoning 15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.” A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing 16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank?—No, he _______ in the other direction. A. was looking B. had looked C. looked D. is looking 17. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.” A. almost have B. almost had C. almost did D. might have 19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching 20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot?” A. Have you studied B. Did you study C. Had you studied D. Do you study 21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please?” “Oh, sorry, I _______.” A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened 22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker!” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.” A. discovered B. had discovered C. discovers D. is discovering 23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father. A. had rang; was B. has rung; was C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is 24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed. A. has held B. had held C. was holding D. would hold 25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words. A. just went away B. had gone away C. was just going away D. has just gone away 26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really? I ______.” A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing C. don’t know D. haven’t known 27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame! He _______!” A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has 29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.” A. had gone B. has gone C. is going D. went 30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.” A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. has been doing 10 [答案与解析] 1. 选D。根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。 2. 选C。句意为“好在我们(刚才)没有去公园，因为天(现在)已经开始下雨了”。 3. 选D。用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。 4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是:你只能等。 5. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响。 6. 选B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。 7. 选D。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。 8. 选A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去(即说此话之前)。 9. 选B。用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。 10. 选B。before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。 11. 选C。用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态 12. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。 13. 选D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 14. 选D。注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。 15. 选B。注意下文语境——事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。 16. 选A。表示当时正在进行的动作。 17. 选A。表示目前一种持续的状态 18. 选C。句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C。 19. 选B。always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感****彩。 20. 选C。根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去;而对方问“是否努力学习过?”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用 过去完成时。 21. 选C。“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。 22. 选C。答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。 23. 选B。按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。 24. 选C。用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。 25. 选C。由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。 26. 选A。“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。 27. 选B。根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 28. 选C。just now 有两个意思:一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语;二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意 为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now。根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。 29. 选D。Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他(发生在过去)之后不久。 30. 选 D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。 11