刘博强2010考研词汇笔记

1.关于-able/ible feasible  a. that is possible and likely to be achieved可行的;行得通的 feasible suggestion plausible★ a. 1. seeming to be right or reasonable; believable似乎正确的，似有道理的，可信的 2. skilled in producing convincing arguments能说会道的 【链接】plausibility似乎正确或有理;可信;能言善辩； plausibly ad.似乎很信 【真题重现】1998 Text 7 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. -ible的高频词汇： contemptible a.可轻蔑的，可鄙的，卑劣的 deductible a.可减免的，可扣除的 terrible a.非常讨厌的，令人不快的，可怕的 incredible a.难以置信的 incompatible a.可兼容的，可共存的；关系好的，和睦的 flexible a. 灵活的，可变的 inedible a. 难吃的，难以下咽的 [真题例句]： 1.the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.(2002 Tex2) 2.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. 译文：绝对医疗保险费用和家庭所承担的（部分）费用均已经上涨，而新型的医疗储蓄 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 正从立法机构推广开来，（甚至）涵盖沃尔玛超市的工人，这一计划出现了更多的扣除条款，并给家庭未来的医疗保险又增加了一笔很大的投资风险。（2003） 3.The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. 译文：在他最近的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 《做我们自己的事：语言和音乐的退化，以及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意？》中，这位学者认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。 4.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (2002 阅读 Text4) 尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法庭实际上却认可了医疗界的“双效”原则，这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为，如果某种行为具有双重效果（希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果），那么，只要行为实施只是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以允许的。 -able 的高频词汇 liable a. 1.[for sth] 法律上有偿付责任的，2.[to do]可能做某事 3.[+to sth]可能受…影响 profitable a.可盈利的 favorable a.有利的 reasonable a.合理的 advisable a.明智的，可取的 2000年 Text 3 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. sizable 2002 Text 3 A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. vulnerable But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. 二 关于词汇的变体 1.act的变体 ② ag agency  1. a business that provides information about other businesses and their products, or that provides a particular service服务机构，（尤指）代理机构，经销机构 2. a government department that provides a particular service（政府的）专门机构 [短语搭配] 1. through the agency of :as a result of the action of sb/sth 由于......得作用 [真题例句] 1. Manpower Inc., with 560000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency.（1997知识运用） 2. a national drug agency一个国家药物机构(2005阅读Part B) agent  [n.] 1. a person whose job is to act for or manage the affairs of other people代理人，经济人  2.a person or thing that has an important effect on a situation对事态起重要作用的人、事物 [真题例句] 1. the site’s “personal search agent” (2004阅读Text) 2. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.(2000阅读Text 2) agitate  构词做，行为+it 走+ate动词尾缀=做行为使事物走动→搅动，煽动 [v.] 1.to shake or stir a liquid quickly 搅动，摇动（液体等）[近stir] 2. to argue strongly sth you want激烈争论，鼓动，煽动 [+for/against sth] 3.to make sb feel angry, anxious or nervous 使激动，使不安，激怒[近irritate, upset] [词汇派生] 1. agitation n.搅动，摇动；骚动，煽动；焦虑不安，烦乱 2. agitator n.煽动者，鼓动者 3. agitated a.焦虑不安的，激动的 [题源例句] 1. A number of MPs have started to agitate for a national strategy to be charted for the labour question, based on targets for reducing reliance on expatriates (2008 Economists) ag+on=agon/ango/angu使…烦恼和痛苦 agony [ [n.] extreme physical or mental pain (精神或肉体的)极度痛苦 [词汇派生] agonize [苦苦思索；焦虑不已  agonized 十分痛苦的，很焦虑的 [真题例句] modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. anguish [ 剧痛；极度痛苦，苦恼 题源例句】 Tears of anguish filled every present civilian’s eyes. alt=out 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“外”; “高”；引申为朝外，转换 1.表示“高” altitude  海拔高度 高处，高地 exalt [ 提拔，提升（有时指的提拔到不该得到的职位上） 表扬，高度赞赏 2.表示转换，变化 alter  [v.] 1. to change or make sb or sth change（使）改变，更改，改动 注解：alter 表示不改变性质的变化 [词汇派生] 1. alterable a.可变的，可改的 2. alteration n.[C,U]改变，变化 [真题例句] 1. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. (1997阅读Text 3) alternate  [a.] 1.[一般用于名词前] happening one after the other in a repeated pattern 轮流的，交替的 2. happening on one of every two days, month etc间隔的[every other] 3. used instead of the one that was intended to be used可替代的，其他的 [v.] 1. (to make)(things or people)follow one after the other in a repeated pattern（使）轮流，交替[+A and B,+A with B, +with sth, +between A and B] [词汇派生] 1. alternation n.交替，轮流 2. alternately ad.交替地 [真题例句] 1. ...the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses... (1994 阅读 Text 5) [题源例句] 1. Students alternate academic semester with co-op semesters to gain communications-related experience. (2001 Reader’s Digest) 2. Since 1895, the media has alternated between global cooling and warming scares. (2006 Economist) alternative [a.] 1. [仅用于名词前](of one or more things)available or usable instead of another可替代使用的；其他的 2. different from what is usual, expected, or traditional另类的，非正统的[近unorthodox] [n.] 3. sth that you can choose to do or use out of two or more possibilities可供选择的事物 [词汇派生] 1. alternatively ad.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者 [真题例句] 1. ...abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (2001text 1) 2. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.（2002阅读Text 1） [题源例句] 1. High prices for oil and natural gas are leading automakers to seek alternative energy solutions, but it’s going to take years. (2008 Business week) astro= star 表示星星 astronaut [ [n.]太空人，太空旅行者 astronomer 天文学家 真题例句】 but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well（1998 翻译） astrology [ n.] the study of the positions of the stars and the movements of the planets in the belief that they influence human affairs 占星术，占星学 [派生] 1. astrological [a. 占星学的 [真题例句] Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;（2007 阅读 Text 1） bind/bond/bound 表示连接，联系 band  [n.] 1. a thin flat strip or circle of any material that is put around things; a strip of color, or material that is different from the areas around it条，带，箍；条纹，条饰 2. a range of numbers, ages, prices etc within which people or things are counted or measured together; a range of radio waves（数目、年龄、价格等的）范围，段；频带，波段 近 3. a group of people formed because of common belief or purpose; a group of musicians who play music together（因共同的信念或者目标而组织到一起的）一群人，一伙人；（尤指流行音乐）乐队 4. 用带子捆绑；加彩条（或嵌条等） 5. to put people or things into different groups according to income, price or value（根据收入、价格或价值）分等级，划分档次 [短语搭配] 1.band together: to form a group in order to achieve sth联合，携手 [题源例句] 1. the individual incomes of women and men by age band and family type(2006 Life) 2 Patients can simply band together and run their own clinical trials, leaving drug companies and physicians out of the loop. bind  [v.] 1. to tie sb/sth with rope, string, etc 捆绑，系[+sb/sth(to sth/together)] 2. to (make things)stick together in a solid mass（使）粘合，凝结[+(sth)(together)] 3. to unite people, organizations, etc （使）联合在一起，结合 4. [常用被动] to force sb to do sth by making them promise to do it 约束，迫使[sb(to sth/to do)] [近force, compel, oblige, constrain] 5. [常用被动] to fasten the pages of a book together and put them in a cover; to sew the edge of sth to decorate or strengthen it （书籍）装订；缝牢......的边 [n.] 6. [用单数] an annoying or difficult situation 窘境[in+] [近difficulty, dilemma, trouble, corner, plight] [词汇派生] 1. binding a. 必须遵守的，有法律约束力的 n.（书的）封皮；镶边 2. binder n.粘合剂；活页夹；装订工；装订机 [真题例句] 1. introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain.（2001知识应用） [题源例句] 1.Correctly installed cement board provides a very stable base that’s permanently bound to the tile (2002 Reader’s Digest) 2.Red tape puts companies in a bind.繁杂的规定让公司陷入困境。(2008 The Daily Telegraph) bond  [n.] 1.the way in which two things are joined together 连接，结合 2. [用复数]sth that limits your freedom and prevents you from doing what you want捆绑用的绳索或镣铐；羁绊 3. sth that unites two or more people or groups, such as love, or a shared interest or idea纽带，联系[+(between A and B)] 4. a legal written agreement or promise （具有法律效力的）书面协定或允诺，契约 5. an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent（政府或公司发行的）有息债券，公债 [v.] 1.to join two things securely together; to join firmly to sth else 使牢固结合，把......紧紧连接到[+(A and B),(together),+(A)to B] [近join, combine, bind, unite] 2. to develop a relationship of trust and affection with sb（与某人）建立信赖和亲切的关系[+(with)] [词汇派生 1. bonding n. 人与人之间的关系或连接 [题源例句] 1. The bonds of traditional family life began to slacken. More women got jobs.(2007 Economist) 2. Even conservative holders of government bonds took it on the chin as the dollar dropped sharply.甚至保守的政府债券持有者也无怨无悔地承受着美元大跌的压力。(2008 Newsweek) 3. Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) are thought to interact and bond cells together.人们认为神经细胞粘附分子相互作用，并将细胞粘合在一起。(2005 Nature) bound  [a.] 1.forced to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation（受法律、义务、情况约束）必须做某事；有义务（做某事）[+(by sth)(to do sth)] [近obligated, liable] 2. certain or very likely to happen, or to do or be sth很可能会，肯定会[+to to/be] [近likely, probable, liable, possible] 3.[构成复合词“名词-bound”]prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned 因......受阻（或不能正常工作） 4.(+for) traveling towards or going to a particular place正旅行去（某地），准备前往 [v.] 1. [T] to form the edge or limit of sth形成边界或界限 [近fringe, rim] 2. [I] to run with long steps and a lot of energy in an enthusiastic way 跳跃着跑（尤指充满活力地） [n.] 1.a high or long jump 跳跃 2.[用复数] the limits of what is possible or acceptable界限，限度，极限 [近limit, margin, utmost] [短语搭配] 1. bound up with: closely connected with sth与......有密切关系 2. bound up in: busy with or involved in sth so that you cannot think about anything else忙于，热衷于，专心于 [词汇扩充] 1. boundless a.无限的，无止境的，无穷的 [真题例句] 1....which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.（1994阅读 Text 5） 2. ...the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry.（2000翻译） boundary  n. 1. a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of sth and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line（地区、领土等的）分界线；边界，界限[近bound, border, borderline, frontier, limits] [短语搭配] 1. push back the boundaries(of):to make sth different from what people have known before 扩展......的领域 [真题例句] 1. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates... (1998 阅读 Text 5) [题源例句] 1. But it is hard not to conclude that, by thinking less with our guts, and more with our heads and hearts, we might be able to push back the boundaries of our moral world. (2007 Nature) her/hes 词根：黏着引申为遗传，继承 heir  解释：粘着表示固定在某人身上的东西引申为继承，传承 [n.] 1. a person who has the legal right to receive sb’s property or title继承人，后嗣 [近 inheritor] heritage  [n.] 1. the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色） hesitate  [v.] [I, T] 1. to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous 犹豫，迟疑；顾虑 [+about/over sth, +to do sth] [词汇派生] 1. hesitation n.犹豫；停顿 2. hesitant a.犹豫的；有顾虑的 3. hesitantly ad.犹豫不决 4. hesitancy/hesitance n. [U] 犹豫，踌躇 [真题例句] 1…. Many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. （1999 阅读 Text 2） adhere  [v].1. to stick firmly to sth 固着（于某事物）；胶着 2. adhere to: give supports to sth; remain faithful to sth 坚持某事物；忠于某事物 [词汇派生] 1. adherence n. [U] 遵循，坚持，信守 [+to sth] 2. adherent n.（政党、思想等的）支持者，追随者 3. adhersion n. 黏附（力），胶着 4. adhersive n. 粘合剂，胶布 a. 黏附的，有黏性的 cohere  [a.] 1. (of ideas, thoughts, arguments etc) logical and well organized; easy to understand and clear（看法、思想、论点等）连贯；一致 2. (of people) to work closely together 齐心协力；团结一致 [词汇派生] 1. coherent a. 合乎逻辑的，有条理的，清楚易懂的； 有表达能力的 2. coherently ad. 连贯地，清晰地 3. coherence n. 连贯（性），条理（性）；凝聚（力） 4. cohesive a. 团结的，结成整体的 5.cohesion n. 结合；凝聚性 inherit  [n.] 1.to receive title, property etc from sb when they die继承（财产,头衔等） 2. to derive (qualities, etc) from an ancestor 经遗传而得到（特征、品质等） 3. to be responsible for dealing with a particular situation, esp. in place of sb else接替（责任等）；继任 [词汇派生] 1. inheritance n. 继承（的遗产）；遗传特征；（对人们有影响的思想、技艺、文学等）遗产 2. inheritor n. 遗产继承人；后继者 [ +of sth] [真题例句] 1.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. （2009阅读 Text 2） inherent  [a.] 1. that is a basic or permanent part of sb/sth and that cannot be removed 固有的，生来就有的 [词汇派生] 1. inherently ad. 固有地，内在地 [真题例句] In fact, the more new things we try-the more we step outside our comfort zone-the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. （2009阅读Text 1） integr 表示进入成为一部分 引申为完整 integrate ['intiɡreit, 'intiɡrit, -ɡreit] [v.] 1. integrate A into/with B: to combine two or more things so that they work together; to combine with sth else in this way （使）合并，成为一体 [词汇派生] 1.integrity n. 1. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles 诚实正直 2.the state of being whole and not divided 完整，完好 2. integration n. 1. the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together 结合；整合；一体化 2. the act or process of mixing people who have previously been separated, usually because of colour, race,religion,etc (不同肤色，种族，宗教信仰的人的)融合，混合 3. disintegrate v. 1. to break into small parts or pieces and be destroyed 碎裂，解体，分裂 2. to become much less strong or united and be gradually destroyed 衰微；瓦解，崩溃 [真题例句] 1. the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values.（2001 Text1） 2.But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: (2001 翻译 74) 3.we genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. (01 integral['intiɡrəl] [a.] 1. integral to sth: being an essential part of sth 必需的；不可或缺的 2. included as part of sth, rather than supplied separately 作为组成部分的 3. having all the parts that are necessary for sth to be complete 完整的；完备的 [经典例句]： an integral system Music is an integral part of the school’s curriculum. lat 表示 拉来，带来，搬运 lateral ['lætərəl] [a.]1. connected with the side of sth or with movement to the side 侧面的，横向的，向侧面移动的 [真题例句] A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career. （2001 阅读 Text 5） latitude  [n.] 1. the distance north or south of the equator measured by degrees 纬度；[用复数] 特指的纬度地区 2. freedom to choose what you do or the way you do it 选择（做什么事或做事方式的）自由 [+ in/ for sth, + to do sth] [比较]：关于度： longitude n.经度 attitude n.态度 altitude n. 海拔；海拔高度 [真题例句] 1. The test of any democratic society, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude…（1997 阅读Text 4） relate  [v.] 1. to show or prove a connection between two or more things 把……联系起来， 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 ……有关联；有关联 2. story 叙述；讲述 [+sth to sb] [近describe, narrate] [短语搭配] 1. relate to sb/ sth: a. to be connected with sth/ sb; to refer to refer to sth/ sb有关，涉及，谈到 b. to be able to understand and have sympathy with sb/ sth能够理解并认同，了解，体恤 [词汇派生] 1. related a.有关系的； [不用于名词前] 有亲戚关系的；（动植物、语言等）同类的，同族的，同系的 2. unrelated a.不相关的；无亲戚关系的 [真题例句] 1.But specialization was only one of a series of related development in science affecting the process of communication. （2001阅读Text 1） 2. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. （2005 翻译） 3. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. （2008知识运用） relative  [n.] 1. a person who is in the same family as sb else 家人亲戚 2. a thing that belongs to the same group as sth else同类事物 [a.] 1. considered and judged by being compared with sth else 相比较而言的，比较的 2.considered according to its position or connection with sth else 相对的，相关联的 3. having a connection with a particular subject 关于或涉及到……的 [+to sth] [词汇派生] 1. relativity n.相对性；（爱因斯坦理论中的）相对论 2. relatively ad. 相当程度上；相对地 3. relativism n.相对主义 4. relativist a. /n. 相对主义（的），相对主义者（的） [真题例句] Washington… overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. （2008阅读Text 4） relation  [n.] 1. the way in which two or more things are connected; a connection between things（事物间的）联系，关系 2. [用复数] the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other（人、团体、国家之间的）关系，交往 [短语搭配] 1. in relation to: a. concerning sth you are talking about关于，涉及 b. compared with与……相比 [真题例句] 1. … groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another.　 （2005翻译） relationship  [n.] 1. the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other（人、团体、国家之间的）关系 2. the way in which two or more things are connected（事物间的）关联 3. the way in which a person is related to sb else in a family 亲属关系 [ +between] [真题例句] 1. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. （2004知识运用） 2.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. （2008阅读Text 1） dilute  [v.] 1. to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid 稀释，冲淡 2. to make a quality, belief, effect etc weaker or less effective 降低；削弱 [a.] [也作diluted] (of a liquid) diluted 稀释的，冲淡的 [词汇派生] 1. dilution n. [U] 稀释；降低，削弱 [真题例句] Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. （2005知识运用） [题源例句] The reservationists argue that reserving seats at India’s few merit-based and uncorrupted institutes of higher learning will dilute standards, and bring down studen