英语翻译资格考试-翻译三级口译综合能力分类模拟3

英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 翻译资格考试-翻译三级口译综合能力分类模拟3 翻译三级口译综合能力分类模拟3 Section A Warm-up listening Exercise: You are going to hear a passage about the changing US job market. You will hear the passage only once. Now listen carefully and then tick the appropriate answer to each of the following questions. 1、 What is the most important change of the American economy? A. The appearance of new work force in the service economy. B. The shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. C. The disappearance of work force from the manufacturing economy. 2、 How many categories can service jobs be divided into according to the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. 3、 About what percentage of American workers are in the manufacturing industry now? A. 10%. B. 20%. C. 30%. 4、 Which of the following accounts for the fact that manufacturing industries are not growing? A. Competition from Western Europe and Asia. B. The slower development of technology. C. The change of the structure of industry. 5、 What is the possible reason for the decrease of American's standard of living according to some studies? A. Because more and more married women work outside the home. B. Because many service jobs pay low wages. C. Because the rapid development of service economy. 6、 Which of the following is the best way to prepare for the future job market? A. To have a good understanding of the service economy. B. To receive the right training and education first. C. To apply for a good position in a service industry. Section B Listening to short statements Exercise: Listen to the following short statements and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each statement. You will hear the statements only once. 7、 Has the inflation be well controlled? A. Yes. B. No. C. Not certain. 8、 According to the speaker, which of the following is true? A. It's important to get a reasonable amount of exercise regularly. B. Good health is important in this modem age. C. People should moderate the exercise they get. 9、 What will the speaker probably say next? A. No one believes he's won the scholarship. B. It isn't true that he's won the scholarship. C. It's almost too good to be true. 10、 Which subject am I good at, geometry or algebra? A. Geometry. B. Algebra. C. Neither. 11、 Which of the following is true according to the speaker? A. It began to rain right after he washed his car. B. After it rained, he washed his car. C. He had to finish washing his car in the rain. 12、 Why is cooking forbidden in this dormitory? A. Because no one likes cooking in this dormitory. B. Because cooking makes the rooms dirty and may cause fires. C. Because there is a cafeteria right behind the dormitory building. 13、 On what day will the new shop open? A. Tuesday. B. Friday. C. Saturday. 14、 What had I expected of Linda? A. I'd expected Linda to do better in the test. B. I'd expected Linda to do things differently. C. I'd expected Linda to take the test. 15、 What do I think of the travel agency? A. It is unreliable. B. It will probably offer a good price. C. It is easy to deal with. 16、 What is probably true about Larry? A. Larry usually helps others to prepare for the test. B. Larry surprised us with his grade. C. Larry knew how to solve the mystery. Section C Listening to passages A. Telecommuting Exercise: You will hear a passage about telecommuting. Listen and then decide whether the following statements are tree or false according to the passage. You will hear the passage only once. 17、 In the United States, workers live far away from their offices. 18、 A telecommuter only refers to those who work all of the time at home. 19、 The number of telecommuters has grown dramatically by the turn of the century. 20、 The different lifestyle is one of the attractions for telecommuters. 21、 It is the changing of the working concept that makes telecommuting possible. 22、 Telecommuting can increase workplace flexibility, but it also reduces productivity. 23、 Georgia Power Company is an unsuccessful example of telecommuting. 24、 Telecommuting is applicable in every company. 25、 High-speed modems are an essential requirement for telecommuting. 26、 It will be very difficult to conduct business from a mountain resort. B. Work relations at the place of work Exercise: You are going to hear a passage about work relations at the place of work. Listen and fill each of the blanks in the following passage with an appropriate word or words. You will hear the passage only once. Work relations with other people at the place of work include relationships with 27 or colleagues. A major part of work or 28 comes from getting on with others at work. Work relations will also include those between 29 : management-employee relations are not always 30 , particularly as the management's 31 can be crucial to your future career. There will 32 about which employees will want to talk to the management. In small businesses the "boss" will probably work 33 . Anything which needs to be 34 will be done face-to-face as soon as 35 . The larger the business, the less 36 there will be between employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and 37 set up, to say when, where, how and 38 the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have specially organized 39 for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, 40 , employees join a trade union and ask the union to 41 to the management. Through the union 42 of employees can pass on the 43 they have and try to get things changed. The process through which unions 44 management on behalf of their members is called " 45 ". Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employees join together and collectively 46 their views. C. In an American office Exercise: You are going to listen to a passage about life in an American office. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Remember you will hear the passage only once. 47、 When does the official work day start in American offices? A. At half past eight, B. At nine o'clock. C. At half past nine. D. At ten o'clock. 48、 How many minutes in total for a day are the coffee breaks in large American offices? A. Fifteen minutes. B. Twenty minutes. C. Thirty minutes. D. Forty minutes. 49、 What does "flextime" mean? A. People may sit idle and do nothing during working hours. B. People may start or end work earlier or later. C. People needn't work through the lunch hour. D. People may relax when they have once got a job. 50、 According to the talk, which of the following statements is true? A. Flextime is common in the US,. B. People are not paid for what they do but for their time. C. It is difficult to get a job contract. D. Employees are expected to work through the lunch hour. 51、 What is the talk mainly about? A. The differences in office life between the USA and Europe. B. The democratic aspect of American office life. C. Problems people might be faced with in an American office. D. Office routines in the USA. D. SOHO: small offices, home offices SOHO Exercise: You are going to listen to a passage about SOHO. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Remember you will hear the passage only once. 52、 How many new jobs were created by the segment of industry labeled SOHO over the period between 2000 and 2007? A. 6 million. B. 6.7 million. C. 7.7 million. D. 46 million. 53、 Which of the following statements is true about small businesses in the U.S. according to the talk? A. There are 6 million small businesses in the United States in 2007. B. Their economic output is greater than that of Germany and France combined. C. The number of small businesses is greater than that in the UK. D. Small businesses represent over 90% of all businesses in the U.S.. 54、 How many home-based workers are there now in the United States? A. 6 million. B. 9 million. C. 28 million. D. 46 million. 55、 Reportedly, how much more money do home-based workers make than the average office worker? A. 19%. B. 20%. C. 28%. D. 90%. 56、 What can we learn about the home-based workers in the United States? A. They enjoy more independence and more convenience. B. They tend to be more experienced and aggressive workers. C. Home-based workers have difficulty balancing work and family. D. More than half of all home based workers in the United States are women. Section D Summary writing 57、Listen to a passage about changes in the American family. You may take notes while you're listening. Then write a summary of 150 to 200 words based on your notes. You will hear the passage only once. 答案: Section A Warm-up listening 1、B [听力原文] High school and college students in the United States today, as well as others who plan to work in this country, have one important question about their futures: Will they find a job? There is no easy answer, of course. But let's look at some of the recent changes in the U.S. job market and see if we can make some predictions for future job hunters. A good way to begin is to look at the American work force and how it's changing. The most important change has been the shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. Let's define both of these terms. First, a service economy is one in which most workers provide services—that is, they do something, like pumping gas into people's cars, for example, instead of making something. Generally, service jobs are grouped into five categories: One: Transportation and utility companies, like the phone company, Two: Wholesale companies, Three: Retail companies, Four: Finance, insurance, and real estate companies, And finally, five: Personal services, such as hotels, car repair, accounting, and medicine. Examples of people who work in service industries include your doctor, your hair stylist, airline pilots, and salesclerks in department stores. In contrast, people who actually produce things like cars, furniture, or clothing are part of the manufacturing economy. Now, the point here is that we have changed from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. The following numbers will show you just how much our economy has changed. One hundred years ago, 80% of workers produced goods; today only about 30% do. Economists predict that by the year 2010, nine out of every ten workers will supply services. What has caused this change in our economy? Well, first, manufacturing industries are not growing for one simple reason: competition from Western Europe and Asia. Jobs in American automobile and steel production have especially decreased during the last ten years. The number of service industries, on the other hand, has increased for several reasons. Because of technological advances—especially in computers and telephone communications—advertising, accounting, and other business services become important. Also, the growing number of married women who work outside the home has increased the need for restaurants and day-care centers. And, as the number of old people has grown, so have health-care services. So now you know where the jobs will be, and you've decided to look for a job in a service industry. But wait, because some economists worry that the service-job explosion may create several problems. According to some studies, Americans' standard of living might decrease because haft of the service jobs pay low wages. For example, three out of five new jobs between 1999 and 2005 paid less than $12,000 a year. The pay is low because many of these jobs don't require much education or training, and many of the workers are part-time or temporary employees. Companies save money by using temporary employees because they don't have to give them health insurance or vacation pay. Such jobs give a worker very little security. The good news is that, as you can see in the chart, the fastest growing service job categories are the better-paying ones, particularly in the technical and computer-related fields. But these jobs require a high degree of skill and many years of education. So if you decide to look for a job in a service industry, and you want to be sure you'll make enough money, getting the right training and education first is the best way to prepare for the future job market.2、C 3、C 4、A 5、B 6、B Section B Listening to short statements 7、B [听力原文] The government has taken many actions to curb inflation but it is all to no avail. 8、A [听力原文] Nobody will deny the fact that regular, moderate exercise is important for good health. 9、C [听力原文] I have won the scholarship for next year. I can't believe it. C 10、 [听力原文] I'm absolutely no good at figures and shapes: geometry is hard for me, but algebra is harder. 11、A [听力原文] No sooner had he finished washing his car than it started to rain. 12、B [听力原文] To keep the rooms clean and prevent fire accidents, cooking is not allowed in this dormitory. 13、C [听力原文] Today is Thursday and the new shop is supposed to open the day after tomorrow. 14、A [听力原文] Linda's performance in the final test of psychology wasn't what I'd expected. 15、B [听力原文] I'm going to get my tickets through that discount travel agency. They have some good deals. 16、B [听力原文] How Larry managed to get a very high mark is really a mystery to us all. Section C Listening to passages (A) Telecommuting 17、A [听力原文] In cities all over the United States, workers spend several hours a day in cars crawling along in traffic to get to offices many miles from home. They experience stress, waste time, and pay a lot for gas, car maintenance, and parking. Nancy Alley, a human resources manager doesn't. She stays at home in her pajamas with a pile of reacutesumeacutes, talking with managers over the phone and faxing in paperwork. Instead of walking down the hall to chat with coworkers, she e-mails them. Nancy is a telecommuter, someone who works some or all of the time at home, and she is part of a trend. Since 1990, the number of U.S. telecommuters has grown from 4.2 million to 9.2 million, and by the turn of the century, 55 million people worldwide have been telecommuting. Highway congestion, the high cost of office space, reduced work forces, and lifestyle needs—all these factors contribute to the growth of telecommuting. What makes it possible is technology. Desktop and laptop personal computers, networking, video-conferencing, fax machines, e-mail, and multiple phone lines provide the fast and efficient communication required for telecommuting. Telecommuting can increase workplace flexibility and enhance productivity. At Georgia Power Company, for example, a pilot telecommuting project was so successful that the company decided to triple its number of telecommuters. The company reduced the cost of leased office space by $100,000 a year, increased productivity among the telecommuting employees of its customer service center, and saved the workers a combined 750 commuter miles a day. However, telecommuting is not universally applicable. Jobs and individuals must be suitable, and staff must be capable of managing telecommuters. In addition, technological improvements, such as high-speed modems, are crucial. Few people expect to conduct business regularly from a tropical island or mountain resort any time soon.18、B 19、A 20、A 21、B 22、 B 23、B 24、B 25、A 26、B (B) Work relations at the place of work 27、 fellow employees [听力原文] Work relations with other people at the place of work include relationships with fellow employees or colleagues. A major part of work or job satisfaction comes from getting on with others at work. Work relations will also include those between the "boss" and yourself: management-employee relations are not always straightforward, particularly as the management's assessment of your performance can be crucial to your future career. There will always be matters about which employees will want to talk to the management. In small businesses the "boss" will probably work alongside his workers. Anything which needs to be sorted out will be done face-to-face as soon as a problem arises. The larger the business, the less direct contact there will be between employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set up, to say when, where, how and in what circumstances the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have specially organized consultative committees for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join a trade union and ask the union to represent them to the management. Through the union all categories of employees can pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process through which unions negotiate with management on behalf of their members is called "collective bargaining". Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employees join together and collectively put forward their views.28、 job satisfaction 29、 the "boss" and yourself 30、 straightforward 31、 assessment of your performance 32、 always be matters 33、 alongside his workers 34、 sorted out 35、 a problem arises 36、 direct contact 37、 procedures 38、 in what circumstances 39、 consultative committees 40、 particularly in large firms 41、 represent them 42、 all categories 43、 complaints 44、 negotiate with 45、 collective bargaining 46、 put forward (C) In an American office 47、B [听力原文] In an American office, the official work day starts at 9:00 am. This should really mean 9 o'clock, not ten past or half past nine. I don't know about employees in your country. But some nations have a philosophy that you work when the "boss" is around. And any time he's not there, one can relax by reading the newspaper or whatever one likes doing in a personal way. Well, in America one is being paid for your time. So employees are expected to find other work if their own desks are clear, or to help someone else with his or her work. But you never sit idle, or doing nothing. Just as the saying goes: "time is money", your employer "owns" your time while he is paying you for it. That is precisely what "time is money" means. And anyway the boss doesn't ask more of you than he is doing himself: he will probably work through the lunch hour himself and even take work home at night. The employee's lunch hour should be taken within the period allowed, unless you are officially discussing company business—say, on a business lunch. It's the same too with the end of the day. I mean, work until the day officially ends at five o'clock, unless you are in an office where "flexitime" is the accepted practice. Flexitime refers to flexible working hours, that is, starting or ending work earlier or later—I know that that is very common in Europe. But here in the USA it is still relatively new. Certainly there are a million or so Americans on the system today. And the number is growing. Well for the same reasons as in Europe—to keep traffic and commuting problems down. And as more women now work it gives more family time. As to contracts of hiring in America, it's different in America from, say Asia, perhaps Europe too, I'm not sure. We are more democratic, I think. It means perhaps that we won't develop such a permanent relationship between employer and employee. I know that in some countries people relax when they have once got a job, because they know they will almost never be fired unless they do something awful. But I am not saying that the employer can just fire people in America. No, no, no. There are, of course, legal protections in the USA. So employees cannot be unjustly fired without good reason. Workers must do a good job, produce well, and get along with their colleagues—or they can be "let go", as it is called. But it's rarely done without warning. It is important to remember that in the United States you are a member of a business firm and not a family. It makes a difference. Well, I have heard people comment on the informality found in American offices. And this is certainly a little difficult for people who are more used to a hierarchical system to adjust to, of course. But there are some very formal offices, too, say, in big banks, law firms and major corporations. But in many establishments the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking, and teasing, and wandering in and out of offices among all levels of employees. Nearly all large offices have coffee wagons that circulate for mid-morning and mid-afternoon coffee breaks. But you should remember that although 15 minutes are allotted twice a day for relaxation and chatter, many employees take coffee to their desks and keep on working. In small offices the coffee pot is often "on" all day and employees take coffee whenever they like or they can make tea for themselves.48、C 49、B 50、B 51、D (D) SOHO: small offices, home offices SOHO 52、A [听力原文] Today, researchers and marketers have identified a segment that is now labeled SOHO. It means small offices, home offices, whether they are high-tech start ups or women selling Mary Kay. But they drive America's economic growth and have created most of the new jobs in the last 20 years. These companies accounted for 6 million of the 7.7 million jobs that were added to the economy between 2000 and 2007. Small businesses represent over 90% of all businesses in the U.S. with an economic output greater than Germany or France or the UK. Reportedly, home based workers earn more money. The 46 million home based workers in the United States, including a large number of women, working at home in an attempt to better balance work and family, earn 28% more than the average office worker, and spend less time making their pay. Of course this could be due, in part, to the fact that more experienced and aggressive workers tend to start their own businesses. Remember, going into business on your own, or from a home office, may mean making do with less. But it can also mean achieving more: more independence, more challenges, more results. In the long run it may mean more money for you and your family. In a word, doing it on your own means freedom to grow, experiment and learn. If you are successful, you won't have to go and ask for a raise or accept what you're given, or worry about being turned out to pasture when a younger version of yourself comes along. You will have the freedom to enjoy the profits of your own work, and the continuing growth and profit which comes from owning your own business.53、D 54、D 55、 C 56、B Section D Summary writing 57、The traditional American family used to have a working father, a housewife-mother, and two or three children. But in the last twenty or twenty-five years, this picture has changed. Now we have many different kinds of families and living situations. Why has the traditional family changed so much? The reasons are both social and economic. But the most important reason is that most American women have worked outside the home. With so many women working, our society has some new problems. And more and more people understand that everybody is responsible for solving these problems. In fact, many companies are trying to help working parents by creating flexible new policies including maternity leave, helping the wife or husband of a transferred worker to find a new job in another city, flextime, allowing employees to work at home, and daycare centers. However, for most people, trying to work and take care of a family is still very difficult. [听力原文] The traditional American family used to have a working father, a housewife-mother, and two or three children. But in the last twenty or twenty-five years, the picture has changed. Now we have many different kinds of families and living situations besides this traditional one. For example, there are many single mothers and single fathers who are raising children by themselves. There are married couples who decide that they don't want any children. Sometimes adult children who have been living alone for a long time come back and live with theft parents again. You can also find groups of older people sharing a house in order to save money. And there are many other examples of new types of families in this country. Why has the traditional family changed so much? Well, the reasons are both social and economic. First, as you know, the divorce rate is high in our culture; as a result, we have many single-parent families. Second, there is unemployment among young adults, If they cannot find a job, many times they return home and live with their parents again. But of course the most important reason for the changes in the American family is that most American women have worked outside the home. In fact, 54.5% of all American women are now working or looking for work. This means that more than haft of all American homes do not have a full-time homemaker anymore. With so many women working, our society has some difficult, new problems. For example, who will take care of children and old people? Who will do the housework? Who will do volunteer work? Some people might say that these are "women's problems", so women should be the ones to solve them. But more and more people understand that everybody in our society is responsible for trying to find answers to these problems. In fact, many companies are trying to help modem working parents, both the mother and the father, by creating flexible new policies. Here are a few examples. One example is that many companies now allow a woman to leave her job temporarily in order to have a baby. This is called maternity leave. The woman may receive part of her salary while she is not working. And of course her job will be waiting for her when she is ready to return to work. Second, you know that big companies like IBM or Mitsubishi often transfer their employees to other cities. If a company transfers the husband, for example, this might create a problem for the wife because now she has to find a new job, too. Well, now there are some companies that will help the husband or wife of a transferred worker to find a new job. Another policy is that many companies now have something called "flextime". Flextime means that instead of working from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, as most people do in this country, a worker can work from, say, 6:00 am to 3:00 pm, or from 10:00 am to 7:00 pm, etc. As you can imagine, flextime is very useful for people with children. Many of the big companies in this country now have it. Fourth, some companies allow their employees to work at home instead of coming in to the office every day. Working at home is easy for people in professions like computer programming and telephone sales. Fifth, a few large companies now have day-care centers for the children of their employees. I've given you five examples of new company policies that are supposed to make life a little easier for working mothers and fathers. Let me repeat them for you briefly: maternity leave, helping the wife or husband of a transferred worker to find a new job in another city, flextime, allowing employees to work at home, and day-care centers. However, it's important for you to understand that there are only a few large companies that can afford to help their employees with these kinds of programs. For most people, trying to work and take care of a family is still very, very difficult.