翻译理论1

所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等于再现原语的信息,首先在语义上,其次在文体上。) 3. 翻译是一个笼统的概念,可以有不同的角度分成多种类型: 首先,就所涉及的语言而言,可以分为语内翻译(intralingual translation),指同一语言的各个语言变体之间的翻译;另一种为语际翻译(interlingual translation),指不同语言之间的翻译活动。我们常说的翻译,包括我们本 教程 人力资源管理pdf成真迷上我教程下载西门子数控教程protel99se入门教程fi6130z安装使用教程 所谈论的翻译,都是指语际翻译。 第二,就其活动方式而言,翻译可分为口译(interpretation)和笔译(translation)两类。口译一般指口头翻译,其基本方式有两种:一是连续传译(consecutive interpretation),又称即席翻译;二是同声传译(simultaneous interpretation)。笔译就是笔头翻译,多用于社会科学,科学技术和文学艺术等文献资料的翻译。 第三,就翻译材料的文体而言,翻译可分为应用文体,科技文体,论述文体,新闻文体和艺术文体五大类。 第四,就处理方式而言,翻译可分为全译,节译,摘译,编译和译述等类。 4. Translation is an art, a bilingual art. Like painting, translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colors, but in words, in words of a different language. It is no easy job, not so easy as it is supposed. Do not think that any one who knows a foreign language, say English, can invariably translate and translate well. No, not at all. Many can speak and write English well, but they cannot translate. And this difficulty is greatly multiplied by the wide difference in vocabulary and sentence construction between the Oriental and Occidental languages. 5. English and Chinese are two entirely different languages. Each has an individual and distinct system. On the one hand, there are some similarities between the two languages, as in the word order of subject and predicate and that of transitive verb and object. On the other hand, there are lots of dissimilarities between them both in morphology and in syntax. Because of this, we have to be familiar with both languages, especially with the wide difference in vocabulary, grammatical relations and sentence construction between these two languages. 6. I’ll see the children home tonight. The stupidity of his behavior was brought home to him. Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply. Much is produced here for home market. He was born in England, but he now looks on Paris as his home. He’s at home with the classics. Is our next football match at home or away? Mrs. Hill is not at home to everyone except relatives. She did not feel at home in such a splendid house. The control level should be turned to its home position in time. The screw on the end cap must be driven home. The plane homed to its carrier under the guide of electronic navigation system. 7. ①严复:信(faithfulness) 达(expressiveness) 雅(elegance) 1 黄龙:信:忠实于原文内容。 达: 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 汉语,通俗易懂。 雅:译文的美学价值(修辞,文体,韵律,诗意。) 刘重德:信(faithfulness)达(expressiveness)切(closeness)鲁迅:“凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两个方面,一是其易解,二是保存着原作的风姿。” 傅雷:“神似”——similarity in spirit. 钱钟书:“化境”——sublimation ②Alexander F. Tytler: A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original work. ③目前西方最流行的标准: 等值:equivalent value 等效:equivalent effect 功能对等:functional equivalence 8. 关于when When the lady ticket-sell saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so. 当女售票员看见我时,她那在其他情况下还挺妩媚的面孔突然变色,变得怒气冲冲。那售货员一见到我,原本颇为动人的面孔刷得一沉,变得煞是难看。 At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called. 在伊顿,学生们站在一起,当他们的名字被叫到的时候,就举举帽子。 在伊顿,学生们站在一起,叫道名字就举举帽子。 I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations… 我进入令人头痛的考试区域时,刚过了十二岁生日… 我刚过了十二岁生日,就步入了令人头痛的考试区域。 9. 关于同位语 由于他的决定,我给及时地编入了四年级(也即最低年级)的三班(也即最低一班). 由于他的决定,我给及时地编入了四年级三班,也就是最低年级的最低一班。 In consequence of his decision, I was in due course placed in the third, or lowest, division of the Fourth, or bottom, Form. 10. 关于主语要突出句子的主要信息问题 …到去年年底,我部已同有关省市签订了100余条艘中小船舶的建造 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 和 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 。 By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-and-sized vessels. 我看《21世纪报》很吃力,你呢? My English is not good enough to read English newspaper The 21 Century. What about you? 他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。 A little flattery would get him carried away. 你的教学科研都取得了长足的进步,但不能因此而骄傲自满。 You have made good progress in teaching and research, but you should not get conceited and arrogant. 11. 关于“关于…” 关于她的家庭我一无所知 As for her family, I knew nothing about it. I knew nothing about her family. 凡是已经发现了的错误,我们都已经采取了或正在采取纠正的步骤。没有发现的,我们就准备纠正。 With regard to all the mistakes having been discovered, steps have been or are being taken to correct them. As for those not yet discovered, they will be corrected as soon as they come to light. We are taking or having taken steps to correct all the mistakes discovered, and we are ready to correct those not yet discovered as soon as they come to light. 12. 长主题问题: 在这座大城市行路难,乘车难已成为一个突出的社会问题。 The great difficulty for the people of the big city to get their destination on foot or by public transport means has become a conspicuous social problem. In this big city people find great trouble in getting to their destinations either on foot or by public transport means, and it / this has become a top social problem. 中国能不能顶住霸权主义,强权政治的压力,坚持我的社会主义制度,关键就看能不能取得较快的增长速度,实现我们的发展战略。 The key to whether China can withstand the pressures of hegemonism and power politics and adhere to the socialist system lies in whether or not we can achieve a relatively high growth rate and realize our development strategy. If China wants to withstand the pressure of hegemonism and power politics and to uphold the socialist system, it is crucial for us to achieve rapid economic growth and to carry out our development strategy. ◆the Meridian Gate 午门 the Outer Palace 外朝 the Inner Court 内廷 the Golden Water Bridge 金水桥 the Gate of Supreme Harmony 太和门 the Hall of Complete Harmony 中和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿 British Association 英国科学促进学会 the Business section 商业区 parklands 公园区 sovereign nations 主权国家 per capital GNP 人均国民生产总值 two way trade 双向贸易 bilateral trade 双边贸易 joint venture 合资企业 labour intensive industries 劳动密集型产业 economic growth 经济增长 trading nation 贸易国 the Pacific region 太平洋地区 ▲net income 净收入 ▲international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 ▲international community 国际社会 ▲foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易 ▲major economy 经济大国 ▲the European Union 欧洲同盟 ▲the World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 ▲the net import 净进口量 ▲Valentine’s day 圣瓦伦丁节 ▲the Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 Environmental Law 环境保护法 contracting states 缔约国 Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约 come into force 生效 diplomatic relation 外交关系 Let a hundred schools of thought contend百家争鸣 man of letters 文学家 the rules of literature 文学规律 literary circles 文学界 flower language 花言巧语 deaf mute 聋哑人 sign language 手语 Berlin :柏林 fellow countryman :同胞 Sun Yat – sen:孙中山 The Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin:中国共产党在柏林的党组织The Berlin Communist group:柏林共产党支部 the Grand Canal:大运河 the great Nanjing Bridge:南京长江大桥 Aaron’s rod:亚伦魔杖 Industrial Revolution:工业革命 Navigation:开凿运河 cottage industry:家庭手工业 Royal Society: 皇家学会 Indian summer: 小阳春/晚秋的晴暖气候 Long drive: 长征 The Civil War: 内战 The Nile Delta: 尼罗河三角洲 Cairo: 开罗 The Nile Valley: 尼罗河河谷 The Aswan High Dam: 阿斯旺高坝 summer resort: 避暑胜地 Mediterranean climate: 地中海性气候 mean temperature: 平均温度 the Imperial Palace: 皇宫 the Palace Museum: 故宫 the Imperial Ancestral Temple: 太庙 台湾,香港,澳门保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式不变Taiwan, Hong kong and Macao will retain the current capitalist system and way of life for a long time to come 台湾当局the Taiwan authorities 跆拳道tae kwon do 太空步moonwalk 太空舱capsule 太空垃圾space trash 太阳浴sun bath; insolation 贪污腐化corruption and degeneration 摊牌put/lay one’s card on the table 谈判的筹码bargain chip 探明储量verified deposits; verified reserves 探亲外交family-visit diplomacy; relative-visiting diplomacy 唐老鸭Donald Duck 唐装Tang suit 陶冶情操cultivate one’s taste 特技替身演员stuntman 特洛伊木马Trojan horse 特种债券special bonds 提高劳动者则素质to enhance worker s’ quality 提高农产品收购价格the government’s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products) 提高全民法律素质people are better educated in law 提高社会参与度to enhance (encourage) mass participation 提高意识raise the awareness / strengthen the awareness 体育彩票sports lotteries 天赋人权natural rights 天时地利人和good timing, geographical convenience and good human relations; favorable climatic, geographical and human conditions; favorable objective and subjective factors for success. ⅰ. Transliteration 气功qigong 功夫kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水feng shui 阴阳yinyang 磕头kowtow 旗袍(长衫)cheongsam 馄饨wonton 豆腐tofu 杂碎Chop suey 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi 乌龙茶oolong 阿迪达斯ADIDAS 桑塔纳SANTANA 摩托罗拉MOTORAOLA 柯达KODAK 芬必得FINBID 真维斯JEANSWEST 必胜客PIZZA HUT ⅱ. Liberal translation 皮蛋preserved egg 元宵sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves 探花title conferred on the one who won third place in the highest imperial examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 华 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf an ornamental stone column used to decorate important buildings or public places 盲流jobless migrants from rural areas to cities ⅰⅱ. Literal translation 易经Book of Changes 号脉feel the pulse 京剧Beijing Opera 龙舟dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷spring roll 八宝菜eight-treasure pickles 纸老虎paper tiger 北大荒the Great Northern Wilderness 灯影牛肉Shadow Beef 希望工程Hope Project 一国两制one country, two system 八宝莲子粥Eight-Treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung Thought 四个现代化four modernizations ⅳ. Annotation 八卦eight-part essay (a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations, known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas.) 满月酒One-Month-Old Birthday Feast (a special ceremony held after a baby has been one month old.) 西岳the Western Mountain (another name for Mount Huashan in Shaanxi Province.) 铁饭碗iron rice bowl (a job that is stable, reliable, and guaranteed for life.) 牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver- two figures in an ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.) 东郭先生Mr. Dongguo (the foolish, softhearted scholar who narrowly escaped being eaten by a wolf which he had helped to hide from a hunter in a Chinese folk tale. Later, it refers to a native person who gets into trouble through being softhearted to evil people.) 西施Xishi (a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period) 否定句的翻译 词汇手段 1. 否定词或具否定意义的词: no, not, never, nor, neither; hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, narrowly, few, little; prefixes: no-, non-, in-, dis-, un-, im-; suffixes: -less. 2. 动词:lack, fail, deny, miss, exclude, run out/short of, keep/stop/refrain/prevent…from, get rid of, want, overlook. 3. 名词:absence, exclusion, lack, want, failure, ignorance, denial. 4. 形容词:absent, missing, ignorant, gone, free/far/safe from, short of, exclusive of…… 5. 介词:beyond, without, above, except, save, but, in vain. 6. 连词:before, unless, other than, or. 句法手段 more…than…, other than…, rather than…, would rather than…, know better than…, too…to…, too…for…等