研究生英语听写教程(引进版)2的1、2、7、8原文

研究生 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 听写教程(引进版)2的1、2、7、8原文 1TAPE SCRIPT LISTENING ATTACK STRATEGIES 1. Using What You Already Know EXERCISE 3Directions: Now, listen to a conversation between a worker and her boss. As you listen, look at your chart from Exercise 2 and circle the reasons and responses that are similar. Gloria: Good afternoon Mr. Carson. Thank you very much for taking the time to speak with me. Mr. Carson: I always make time for my best workers, Gloria. Please have a seat. What can I do for you today? Gloria: Well, as you know, I have been working here for about fifteen years now. I really like this company, my job is interesting, and the working conditions are generally pretty good. Mr. Carson: I'm glad you feel that way. Whatever we can do to make our workers happy is important to us. Gloria: Well, now that you mentioned it, there is one thing that "would make my life a little easier. Mr. Carson: Yes? Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet. Mr. Carson: Four years you say? Hmm. Gloria: Yes. And in that time, I have had at least three pei'formance reviews that have all been excellent. You say I'm doing a great job here, and I think my good work should be rewarded. 2. Scanning for Background Information Example: I arfi outraged. I have been to three different departments and each time I've been told that I had to go elsewhere. I am not moving from this line until I get this registration problem solved. EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following speakers, and then circle the words that you feel might be true about them. 1. Oh, man, I knew he was going to spring one on us today. I had to work last night and didn't have time to hit the books. Now, I've blown it. 2. I'm sorry. You finish? I can take away? More to drink? Thank you. 3. Excuse me, I was wondering if I could get my money back. You see, I had to drop this class last week because of a work conflict, so I won't be needing it this semester. It was new when I got it, and I haven't put any marks inside. @ 4. Leslie: So then Alice said, What do you mean he has a baby? And Fred said, He's got two kids; he's been married for five years! Well, Martha almost had a heart attack because he had said he was single and that he wanted to marry her! Librarian: Shh! Leslie: Oh, sorry. So anyway, Martha was so upset when she found out that he was already married, she started punching him! Can you imagine-- Librarian Please! You must be more considerate of other people. There is no talking allowed in this room. People are trying to study. I think you should leave. 5. Peter: I need to get a TB test before I can start working. Can I get that done here? Receptionist: As long as you are currently enrolled and are carrying twelve or more units. Peter: Well, that's no problem. I'm taking six classes this semester. Here's my student card. Receptionist: Good. I need you to fill out this form and that one. When you're done, give them back to me. Then have a seat over there, and the nurse will cal.],your name. Peter: Thank you very much. 3. Scanning for the Main Idea E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following conversation to find the main idea. What event are the two people talking about. In the blank spaces, write down the main idea and any words that will help you. Tom: Where were you last night? I thought we were all going to meet down at Clancey's. It was awesome, and I won $50 in the pool. Eric: You're not going to believe it. Out of the blue, my boss called to say that he had to leave town for an emergency meeting and gave me his ticket. Tom: You mean you were actually there? Eric: That's right. And get this--front row center! Tom: So you saw it when Kobe hit the three-pointer in the last second of the third quarter. The people at the bar went insane. I can't imagine what it must have been like at the arena. Eric: Oh man. People were jumping out of their seats and screaming. It felt like New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July combined. It was the best game I've ever seen in my life. Torn: You're not kidding. When Shaq stole the ball from Rose, and passed it to Kobe for the slam dunk, I couldn't believe it. They are as strong as football players but as graceful as ballet dancers. Eric: Yeah, and it doesn't hurt that they're all seven feet tall. Man, if I had a couple of inches on me, I could have been an NBA star, too. Torn: A couple of inches? Dude, try a couple of feet! @ 4. Leslie: So then Alice said, What do you mean he has a baby? And Fred said, He's got two kids; he's been married for five years! Well, Martha almost had a heart attack because he had said he was single and that he wanted to marry her! Librarian: Shh! Leslie: Oh, sorry. So anyway, Martha was so upset when she found out that he was already married, she started punching him! Can you imagine-- Librarian Please! You must be more considerate of other people. There is no talking allowed in this room. People are trying to study. I think you should leave. 5. Peter: I need to get a TB test before I can start working. Can I get that done here? Receptionist: As long as you are currently enrolled and are carrying twelve or more units. Peter: Well, that's no problem. I'm taking six classes this semester. Here's my student card. Receptionist: Good. I need you to fill out this form and that one. When you're done, give them back to me. Then have a seat over there, and the nurse will cal.],your name. Peter: Thank you very much. 3. Scanning for the Main Idea E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following conversation to find the main idea. What event are the two people talking about. In the blank spaces, write down the main idea and any words that will help you. Tom: Where were you last night? I thought we were all going to meet down at Clancey's. It was awesome, and I won $50 in the pool. Eric: You're not going to believe it. Out of the blue, my boss called to say that he had to leave town for an emergency meeting and gave me his ticket. Tom: You mean you were actually there? Eric: That's right. And get this--front row center! Tom: So you saw it when Kobe hit the three-pointer in the last second of the third quarter. The people at the bar went insane. I can't imagine what it must have been like at the arena. Eric: Oh man. People were jumping out of their seats and screaming. It felt like New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July combined. It was the best game I've ever seen in my life. Torn: You're not kidding. When Shaq stole the ball from Rose, and passed it to Kobe for the slam dunk, I couldn't believe it. They are as strong as football players but as graceful as ballet dancers. Eric: Yeah, and it doesn't hurt that they're all seven feet tall. Man, if I had a couple of inches on me, I could have been an NBA star, too. Torn: A couple of inches? Dude, try a couple of feet! @ 4. Scanning for the Important Points EX E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the speaker. When you hear the bell, circle the important point. I'm standing in front of the Northeastern Women's Correctional Facility. This is a high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping, robbery, and murder. I must say that it is an extremely uninviting place. When I was given this assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestly say that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate. My knees are a little wobbly, and my stomach is full of butterflies. Bell Sound I am now walking down Cell Block A. Each cell is approximately ten feet by eight and contains four small beds with thin blankets, no pillows or sheets, a metal sink, and an open toilet. Each tiny cell is the home for four women. The walls have numerous cracks and layers of paint chipping, and look as though they have not been painted in decades. There seems to be little fresh air or sunlight. The women all look sad and bored. Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place someone would want to be sent to. Bell Sound Now I am in the prison cafeteria. While I have been instructed not to speak with any of the prisoners, I am allowed to observe them while they are eating. The cafeteria has ten long tables with twenty women seated around each one on low uncomfortable-looking wooden benches. The menu for lunch today includes the following: a scoop of gray, lumpy mashed potatoes, a small piece of overcooked chicken, and a hunk of stale-looking bread. Fresh fruit and vegetables are nowhere to be seen. Needless to say, there is no salt, pepper, or other condiments available to the women, and they are not permitted to use knives or forks. Water is the only beverage available. It is safe to say that the focal being served is not healthy, and I wonder how these women are able to maintain their strength and health. Bell Sound 5. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses) EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following conversation. Then, read the statements and decide if each one is True or False. Finally, discuss with your teacher how you used Inferencing to decide. Don: Hello. Kathy: Hello. Is this Don? Don: Yes, it is. Kathy: Hi Don. This is Kathy fr(~m your biology class. We talked during the lab the other day. Remember? Don: Uh, urn. Yeah. Um. Oh, uh yeah. @ Kathy: Anyway. Do you understand what Dr. Wharton meant when he was talking about phylogenetic memory? Don: Oh, yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. According to scientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory. For example, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoid wolves, bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has never seen one before. Scientists believe that this memory has been imprinted into our genes through thousands of years of experience. Kathy: Oh, I see. That really makes it clear. Don: Great. Well, I'm glad I could help. Kathy: Gee. My notes are really incomplete. I bet you got down everything the teacher said. Don: Well no. Actually, I just read the textbook and study from that. Kathy: That's impressive. Don: So . . . well . . . anyway. Uh, are there any other questions that you have? Kathy: One more actually. I was wondering what are you doing Saturday night. Don: Saturday? Uh. Oh yeah. Uh, I'm goana be out of town. Yeah. I'm going to a wedding. Yeah. A wedding down in Miami. 6. Scanning for Specific Pieces of Information EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the recorded message, and fill in the chart with the specific pieces of information that you need. Don't worry about spelling. You have reached the City Health Desk Hotline. The following is a list of services available during the month of July. Prenatal screenings will be available at the Church Street Clinic, Mondays and Wednesdays from 10 AM to 11 AM. A five dollar fee is recommended but will be waived for those unable to pay. Child care is not available, so please make arrangements to leave small children at home. Anonymous AIDS testing will be conducted from noon to three on July 5th, 10th, 21st, and 30th. Testing will take place at the Johnson Square Medical Center. AIDS testing is free of charge, but all participants are required to meet with a counselor before and after testing. Members of the weight reduction support group will continue to meet on the second and fourth Tuesday of the month at the Whitehall Community Center on Second Avenue. Please take note, the meeting time for this group has been changed from 7 PM to 7:30 PM. The cost remains two dollars per meeting. If you are interested in joining a newly formed weight reduction support group, please call 555-8695 between 9 AM and 3 PM. Free cholesterol screenings are available every Friday of the month from 7 AM to 9 AM at the Johnson Square Medical Center. Please remember not to eat or drink anything for twelve hours before the test. @ During the month of July, we will be conducting a blood drive. The city blood mobile will visit the following locations. During the first week of July, the blood mobile will be at the Hill Top Shopping Center from 9 AM to 2 PM. From July 12th until the 14th, the van will be parked on the south side of the Civic Center Plaza from 10 AM to 4 PM. From July 17th until the 22nd, you can donate blood in front of the Metropolitan Cineplex between the hours of 7 PM and 9 PM. The last week of the month the blood mobile will be stationed in front of the main branch library on State Street. The hours will be from 8 AM tO 5 PM. Juice and cookies will be served to all participants. As you know blood donations drop during summer months, and we really appreciate your support. Free blood pressure screening is available daily at the Church Street clinic. Screenings take place from 9 AM to noon on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays, screenings are from 1 PM tO 4 PM. Evening blood pressure screenings are available on Thursdays by appointment. For evening appointments, call 555-2391. The clinic is closed on Sundays. If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the City Health Desk Hotline. 7. Using Context Clues Example Directions: Listen to the following example. You will hear the word dehydrated. You probably don't know what this word means. Listen to the word and the context and try to guess the meaning of the word dehydrated. Narrator: Word: dehydrated Narrator: Context: Woman: The plant was dehydrated because Tom forgot to water it for three weeks. Narrator: Word: dehydrated What does dehydrated mean? Circle the best answer. (Pause) You were able to figure out the answer from the context. The words Tom forgot to water it for three weeks tell you that 'the plant was dry and dying. Using context clues help you understand new words and phrases and is an important listening attack strategy to practice and use. Directions: You will hear.five short selections. Each selection will contain a sentence @ EXERCISE with words and idioms you may not know. After you hear the sentence a second time, circle the answer with the same meaning. NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE: Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet. NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE: Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Reporter: This is a high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping, robbery, and murder. I must say that it is an extremely uninviting place. When I was given this assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestly .say that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive. NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE: Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: @ Reporter: Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place someone would want to be sent to. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE: Don: That's a really fascinating theory. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. According Don: Oh, to scientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory, NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Don: That's a really fascinating theory. NARI~ATOR: 5. SENTENCE: Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Don: For example, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoid wolves, bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has never seen one before. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals. @ 8. Using Structure and Intonation Clues Section 1 Structure EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the meaning of the modal. 1. You really should think about buying a new coat this winter. 2. If you want to get a better grade, you could sign up for tutoring. 3. The teacher was very clear about attendance. You had better not miss class on Friday. 4. In order to achieve peace on earth, we must try to understand each other's differences. 5. We ought to look at the newspaper ads before we decide where to shop. EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the sentences. Then choose the sentence with the same meaning. 1. You must scrutinize the class schedule to find your correct lab houri. 2. You ought to consult with a periodontist about that tooth. 3. You could find the reference for that quote in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. 4: You had better invest in a computer with at least 128 megs of RAM. 5. Students should always analyze questions carefully before they begin to write their essays. 8. Using Structure and Intonation Clues Section 2 Intonation Example Directions: Listen to the same sentences spoken: 1. Male: I gave a gift to my brother, John.. Narrator: I am talking to John. 2. Male: I gave a gift to my brother John. Narrator: My brother's name is John. As you can see, when you are listening, pauses in speech can change the meaning of a sentence. A pause can tell you that the speaker is talking to someone, not about someone. EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Put commas if you hear an important pause. Leave the sentence as it is if there is no important pause. . I gave the math homework to my classmate Tina. 1 2. I gave the math homework to my classmate, Tina. 3. Debbie, my next door neighbor is driving me crazy. @ 4. Debbie, my next door neighbor, is driving me crazy. 5. kinda, my biology lab partner, is really smart. 6. kinda, my biology lab partner is really smart. 7. Will you please answer Bob? 8. Will you please answer, Bob? 9. Are you going to visit, Lisa? 10. Are you going to visit Lisa? 9. Revising Assumptions (Checking What You Understood) EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct. Discuss each answer with your instructor. Alvin: Oh no, I don't believe it! Babs: What is it? Alvin: Look at this. There's a parking ticket on my car. Bell Sound Babs: Let me see that. Hmm... It says that you parked in a yellow "loading zone during business hours. Alvin: But I got here after seven. I know it was after seven because the class started at 6:30 and the teacher was angry when I walked in at 7:15. And look at that sign over there. It says No Parking Between 9 AM and 6 PM. Bell Sound Babs: Well, then I think that the police officer made a big mistake You shouldn't have to pay this ticket. Alvin: And that's the second ticket I've gotten this month! If I get more than one ticket, my insurance company will raise my insurance. This is terrible! Bell Sound Babs: Now, wait. What was the other ticket for? Alvin: I forgot to put another quarter in the parking meter. Babs: Oh, don't worry then. That kind of ticket is not very serious. Your insurance only goes up if you get a ticket for speeding and things like that. Parking tickets don't count. Bell Sound Alvin: I'm glad to hear that! I can't afford to pay any more money. The ticket will be expensive enough. Bell Sound Babs: If the police officer made a mistake you should challenge the ticket. Alvin: Challenge? What do you mean? @ Babs: You can go to traffic court and explain to the judge that the police officer made a mistake. The judge can throw out the ticket. You shouldn't have to pay for someone else's mistake. Alvin: You're right. I'll stop by the courthouse tomorrow during lunch. Bell Sound Vocabulary Review Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. My neighbor's dog is always biting people. 2. Even though Frank didn't say anything, I could tell by the expression on his face that he was very sad. 3. I looked through the book to find the answer to number 3. 4. After studying for seven hours, I had to stop. 5. I was nervous about giving my speech to the class. 6. The teacher wouldn't give us the answer, but she did give us some help. 7. My new strategy for studying is really helping me. 8. I assumed that the older man was Rod's father. 9. I was revising my paper in the library last night. 10. Alice had trouble making ends meet last month. @ 2TAPESCRIPT MAIN DIALOGUE EXERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information Directions: Listen to the dialogue and try to get a general idea of what is happening. Remember, you don't need to understand everything. Just try to think about the following questions: 1. What is the main idea of this dialogue? 2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place? 3. What is the relationship between the speakers? 4. How old do you think the speakers are? 5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry, and so on?) Emily: Okay, here's the place. Vicky: The Multiple Organic Diner? Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? - Larry: Now, Vicky, Emily is trying to help us get back into shape. Besides, this place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'm sure it's clean. Emily: That's the spirit. Let's take that table over there. Vicky: I suppose there's no smoking allowed in here. Emily: Of course not, big sister. This is a health food restaurant. Besides, I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. Vicky: Well, Emily, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain ten pounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking. Emily: But you'll feel so much better when you do! I've been eating well and exercising every day. I run two miles every other day and play tennis every Sunday. I feel wonderful and everybody tells me I a look great. Larry: Yeah, Vicky, I think Emily is right. By the way, where's the waiter? I'd like to order a drink before we eat. Emily: Larry, it's only three o'clock in the afternoon. Besides, health food restaurants don't serve alcohol. Vicky: Wait a minute, Larry. I thought we agreed that you'd stop drinking if I quit smoking. Emily: I think you should both quit. Doesn't this restaurant make you want to start living a healthy life? Why, just look at this menu. Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. Larry: Never mind nutritious. What are the burgers like? I'm starving! Emily: Oh, Larry. You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories. Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesterol and lose at least 25 pounds. Smoking isn't the only way to have a heart attack early in life, you know. I'm your wife and I'm too young to dress all in black! @ Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon. Besides, I'm going to start my new diet on Monday. Emily: That's great, Larry, but I think the only real way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more. Vicky: I agree with Emily. All you have to do is stop eating desserts and fried foods and no more alcohol. Larry: You know, maybe you're right. Emily can help me plan a diet. Emily: And don't forget the exercise. Why don't you two come running with me. I'd love to have the company and we could play tennis together, too. Vicky: No, running hurts my knees. I think swimming would be the best exercise for me. Larry: Well, I don't like swimming or running. But, I would like to get back into playing handball. I was a really good player when I was younger. Emily: Well, the important thing is that you two make some serious changes in your lifestyle. I'm really glad you're doing this. Now, let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot- onion juice. Vicky and Larry: Carrot-onion juice? !? Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in vitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A for the eyes. Larry: Wait a minute. Our diet doesn't start until Monday, If we're going to do any celebrating, I say we should go over to the Burger Palace and have a real celebration. Emily: But-- Vice: I'm with you, Larry. Come on, I'm starving. See you later, Emily. EXERC,SE 4 Vocabulary in Context Directions: Listen to the sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that has the same meaning. NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE: Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? Larry: This place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'm sure it's clean. @ NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall? NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE: Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. Vicky: Well, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain ten pounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE: Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: En~ily: Doesn't this restaurant make you want to start living a healthy life? Why, just look at this menu. Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE: Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories. @ NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories. Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesterol and lose at least 25 pounds. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories. NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE: Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in bl~'ck. Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black. NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE: Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality! , NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Emily: Now, let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot-onion juice. Vicky and Larry: Carrot-onion juice? !? Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in vitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A for the eyes. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality! @ EXPANSION Section 1 Diet and Exercise EXERCISE 1 C Directions: Look at the Suggested Body Weights table again while you listen to the following questions. Take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then, write the correct answers in the spaces. 1. What is the shortest height and lowest weight for men on this chart? 2. What is the heaviest weight for women on this chart? 3. How much should a 5'4" woman weigh? 4. How much should a 5'11" man weigh? S. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'5" man, or a small-boned 5'7" woman? 6. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'11" man, or a large-boned 5'11" woman? Section 1 Diet and Exercise EXERCISE 1 D Directions: Listen to the following descriptions and fill in the correct information you hear for each person. Then, decide whether each person is at the correct weight. 1. I'm small-boned like all of the women in my family. Well, to tell the truth, the men in my family are no giants either. I'm only 5'1" and I weigh 126 pounds. 2. I'm 5'9". My weight goes between 175 and 180. I try to eat healthy foods and get exercise, but ! have to travel a lot for my job, and when I'm out of town, it's very difficult to stay on my diet. I have a normal build. 3. I'm 5'7" and I weigh 109 pounds. I guess you can say that I have an average build; well, as average as I'm ever going to gett I have looked like t~is ever since I was a kid. And my mother used to make me wear short skirts with bright-colored tights. I looked just like Pippi Longstockingt 4. I am 5'7" and I am very proud to say that I weigh 130 pounds. I guess you could say that I've got a small build. Believe it or not, I used to weigh 169 poundst Five years ago I went on a diet and lost more than 30 pounds. It was hard work, but I'm very pleased with the results. S. I'm 6'4" and you'd be surprised how many times every day people ask me about my height. I like towering over the rest of the world, but sometimes it's difficult finding suits and other clothing that fits. And there's no way I could ever fit into a sports cart I'm average build and I weigh about 170 pounds. 6. I'm 5'2" and I weigh 140 pounds. I'm big-boned, but my bones are not as heavy as I like to think they are. I used to be skinny as a child, but age and laziness have made some changes. And having five children sure didn't help t @ Section 2 Counting Calories EXERCISE 2B Directions: Listen to the following questions and take notes. Then, look at the Calorie Contents of Selected Foods table to answer the following questions. 1. Find Vegetables. Which vegetable has the highest number of calories? Which vegetable has the lowest number of calories? 2. Now, find Beverages. How many calories are there in two cups of tea? 3. Look at Vegetables. How many calories are there in twelve spears of asparagus? 4. Look at Desserts and Snacks. Which has more calories: a slice of apple pie or a slice of chocolate cake? 5. Look at Meats and Poultry. How many calories are there in two hot dogs? 6. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: two cups of oatmeal or two slices of pizza? 7. Look at Beverages. Which is more fattening, a cup of coffee or a cup of orange juice? 8. Look at Fruit. Which has more calories: an apple or a banana? 9. Look at Miscellaneous Items. Which has fewer calories: a tablespoon of honey or a tablespoon of jam? 10. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: a tuna sandwich on white bread or a tuna sandwich on a roll? Section 2 Counting Calories E X E RC I S E 2 C Directions: You will hear five customers ordering food in a restaurant. Write down each customer's order in the spaces. Customer 1: Yes, I'd like the Dieter's Delight. Now, let's see; it says that that comes with a half six spears of asparagus, and a cup of cup of cottage cheese, a sliced tomato, fresh pineapple. That doesn't sound too bad. I don't think I'll have to worry about going over my calorie limit. Oh, and I'd also like a cup of coffee please-- black with no sugar. Customer 2: I think I'll have the salmon and a baked potato... Oh, wait a minute; the last time I had the salmon it was a little too dry. Hmm... I don't really feel like eating cod... Uh, well, tell you what; let me have the steak--medium-rare, please. Yeah, I don't care if they say that red meat is bad for you. As a matter of fact, make the steak blood rare. A nice thick steak once in a while never hurt anybody. Of course, I'll want a baked potato with my steak. I'd also like a beer, please. Customer 3: I'd like a turkey sandwich on whole wheat, please. If you don't mind, I'd like the bread lightly toasted. I don't want any mayonnaise; please give me mustard--just a little mustard--instead. Hot mustard if you have it. Mustard is so much better for you than mayonnaise. It tastes just as good and has a fraction of the calories. I'll have a glass of iced tea with two sugars as well, please. @ Customer 4: Boy, I'm starved. All I've had today was some oatmeal and a banana. Let me have a couple of slices of pizza--no, make that three slices. Can I get a salad with that? No? Okay, then I think I'll just have a slice of apple pie for dessert. Oh, and could you bring me a bottle of beer right away, please. Customer 5: Do you still serve those wonderful homemade fish sticks? You do? Those are the best in town! If I were hungry, I'd order some right now. I think I want something light; is there any chocolate cake left? No? I know that goes pretty fast. How about cookies; do you have any oatmeal cookies? Okay, I'd like two cookies and a glass of milk, please. FOCUS: CONDITIONALS EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following real conditional or result clauses and circle the clauses that can be joined to them. Example: If I have the money, 1. Mary will go on a diet... 2. John will reach his correct weight... 3. If you join the exercise class, 4. Maria will eat more fruits and vegetables... 5. If Sally eats a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday, EXE RCIS E 2Directions: Listen to the following unreal conditional or result clauses and circle the clauses that can be joined to them. Example: If I had the money, 1. l~f Mary went on a diet, 2. If John reached his correct weight, 3. You would join the exercise class... 4. If Maria ate more fruits and vegetables, S. Sally would eat a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday... EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the correct answer. Example: If I have the money, I will join a health club. 1. I would go running with you if I had stronger knees. 2. Eddie's health will improve if he quits smoking. 3. If I lived near the park, I would go running every day. 4. I will get in shape quickly if I join a health club. S. If Ling keeps abusing narcotics, the police will incarcerate her. @ Customer 4: Boy, l'm starved. All I've had today was some oatmeal and a banana. Let me have a couple of slices of pizza--no, make that three slices. Can I get a salad with that? No? Okay, then I think I'll just have a slice of apple pie for dessert. Oh, and could you bring me a bottle of beer right away, please. Customer 5: Do you still serve those wonderful homemade fish sticks? You do? Those are the best in town! If I were hungry, I'd order some right now. I think I want something light; is there any chocolate cake left? No? I know that goes pretty fast. How about cookies; do you have any oatmeal cookies? Okay, I'd like two cookies and a glass of milk, please. FOCUS: CONDITIONALS EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following real conditional or result clauses and circle the clauses that can be joined to them. Example: If I have the money, 1. Mary will go on a diet... 2. John will reach his correct weight... 3. If you join the exercise class, 4. Maria will eat more fruits and vegetables... 5. If Sally eats a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday, EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the following unreal conditional or result clauses and circle the clauses that can be joined to them. Example: If I had the money, 1. l~f Mary went on a diet, 2. ]f John reached his correct weight, 3. You would join the exercise class... 4. If Maria ate more fruits and vegetables, 5. Sally would eat a lot of chocolate cake on her birthday... EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the correct answer. Example: If I have the money, I will join a health club. 1. I would go running with you if I had stronger knees. 2. Eddie's health will improve if he quits smoking. 3. If I lived near the park, I would go running every day. 4. I will get in shape quickly if I join a health club. 5. If Ling keeps abusing narcotics, the police will incarcerate her. @ 6. If I only eat a salad, I'll be famished later. 7. If you practiced progressive relaxation techniques, you would feel calmer. 8. If fondue weren't fattening, I would eat it regularly 9. If we don't work out religiously, we'll lose the battle of the bulge. 10. If you don't stop noshing on those cookies, you'll need to shop for a new wardrobe. PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and circle the correct answer. 1. How much weight are you planning to lose? 2. Why should I cut down on my cheese consumption? 3. Which one of these foods has the highest number of calories? 4. Shouldn't you eat more fruit and vegetables? S. How often do you exercise? 6. What's nutritious about this food? 7. How many calories of food are needed to produce a pound of weight? 8. Can you describe your sister, please? 9. When are you starting your new diet? 10. What can Henry do to get back into shape? EXERCISE 2Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the correct answer. 1. If you didn't work on Saturday, you could play tennis with us. 2. A plain hot dog has fewer calories than a turkey sandwich with lots of mayonnaise. 3. I have already lost 25 pounds, and when I lose 15 more, I will be at my ideal weight. 4. If I join a health club, I'll go swimming every day. 5. Goldsmith's Fitness Center is open on weekdays from noon to 6:00. 6. Frances smokes, her husband Dan eats a lot of junk food, and they both hate to exercise. 7. Sylvia got a very high score on the health survey 8. The average American is overweight for two major reasons. 9. If you had a job in a restaurant, you would have to watch your weight. 10. Tom's stress level is very high. @ EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the conversations. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct. Conversation 1 Eddie! Long time no see! Where have you been hiding? Pam: Hey, Eddie: Oh, hi, Pam. I was transferred to the west coast office for a year. Pare: Welcome back. Eddie: Thanks. What's new with you? you know, the same old thing. Between work, A1, and the kids, Pam: Oh, I never seem to have enough time to come out here to jog. Eddie: Unfortunately, exercise is always the first thing we give up. Bell Sound Eddie: You look like you haven't been jogging in years. Pam: Excuse me? Eddie: I guess all those after school snacks are just taking their toll. You know, you're much too young to be going to pot like this. How old are you anyway, 34 or 35? -Pam: I don't really think . . . Eddie: Because, the way you're going, if you keep piling on the pounds you'll be looking at some serious health problems down the line, not to mention all the money you'll be spending on tent dresses! Pam: Yeah, well thanks for the pep talk, Eddie. I've got to go. Bell Sound Conversation 2 Carl: I'm starving! Debbie: Me, too. So, what are you in the mood for? Carl: Hmm, let's see; I think I'll have the burger special with a side of cole slaw and a root beer. ,~ Bell Sound Debbie: Wait a second. I thought we were going to start our diets today. Carl: Yeah, that's right. Debbie: So, shouldn't you be going easy on the fat and cholesterol? Carl: I am. Debbie: You call a hamburger, cole slaw, and a soft drink good for you? Carl: Read the fine print, honey. The burger is made of vegetable tofu, the cole slaw has a yogurt dressing instead of mayonnaise, and the root beer is all natural without sugar. Bell Sound @ E X E RC I S E 4Directions: You will hear three conversations. At the beginning of each conversation you will hear a question. Listen to the conversation. Then, circle the best answer. 1. Question: How much does the Burnidoff program cost for one month? Announcer: Join the Burnidoff Diet Program Today! For just pennies a day, you too can look slim and trim and feel healthy and fit! Why, just listen to this satisfied Burnidoff customer: Carol: I lost 130 pounds in just nine months with the Burnidoff program. My husband says I look better now than the day we got married. And that was 35 years ago! Announcer: That's what Burnidoff will do for you. Remember, just $50 per week. Call us at 555-3438 for more information. That's 555-DIET. Call now! 2. Question: Which activities is the daughter involved in? Cathy: Oh, you have such lovely children! Christie: Why, thank you. We're very proud of them. Cathy: They look so healthy and athletic. Are they involved in school sports? Christie: Yes, they are. My son, Don, is on the high school swim team. Of course he also lifts weights--they all have to do that as part of their training. Cathy: He does look quite strong. So does your daughter Patricia. I bet she's a dancer. Is she studying ballet? Christie: No, actually she's captain of the basketball team. She also enjoys bike riding. Cathy: I wish my children were as interested in fitness as yours. 3. Question: What is Jerry worried about? lerry: Paula, I've decided I've got to stop smoking. Paula: Oh, Jerry, I'm really happy. You know smoking is so dangerous for your health. Just weeks after you stop, you'll feel a big difference. lerry: Yeah, well I'm a little afraid that I might gain a lot of weight. They say that you eat a lot more from nerves when you stop smoking. Paula: Listen, just get involved in some exercise program and it will help you relax. I didn't gain any weight when I stopped smoking. Jerry: That's true. You didn't seem to have a lot of trouble at all. Paula: Well, it was difficult, but I made up my mind that I had to do it if I wanted to stay healthy and live to be old enough to see my grandchildren grow up. Jerry: I'm not worried about my health at all. I haven't been smoking that long, and besides, I'm as healthy as a horse. I just can't stand nonsmokers always asking me to leave the room. And it's becoming more difficult to smoke if you want to go almost anywhere in public. Paula: Well, Jerry, I think that's good. It's getting you to stop smoking and you know that it can only be good for your health. @ EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. I love running, swimming, and jogging. 2. You must score 89 to 100 points to get an A. 3. Don't eat those cookies. Have an apple instead. 4. The Market Avenue Gym is small and dirty. 5. Kenny has red hair just like his mother. 6. All right everybody. Down to the ground. Touch your toes! . Even though Ms. Johnson is 85 years old, she still swims, volunteers at 7 the day care center, and works part time. 8. My doctor told me I had to quit drinking tea and coffee. 9. Hazzar's Steakhouse has the biggest portions in the city. 10. Ann's husband died last year. 7 TAPESCRIPT MAIN DIALOGUE !XERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information Directions: Listen to the selection and try to get a general idea of what is happening. Remember, you don't have to understand everything. Just try to think about the following questions: 1. What is the main idea of the dialogue? 2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place? 3. What is the relationship between the speakers? 4. How old do you think the speakers are? 5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry, and so on)? Debra: Okay, dinner's ready. Jake, Owen, let's sit down. Jake: This looks delicious, Debra. I'm famished! I was so busy today that all I had for lunch was a cold cup of coffee and a donut. Debra: Oh, honey, that's not very healthy. Owen: That chicken smells great! Please pass it over here, morn. Jake: So, how was your first day at the summer job, son? Owen: Pretty good. The factory is kind of big and noisy, but the people seem nice. This lady, Gloria, showed me around and told me all the rules and stuff. Debra: Is Gloria the boss? Owen: No, a guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho. He wasn't there today. I think he was at some kind of dog food convention in Florida . . . Debra: I'll get it. Hello? Ralph: Hello. Is this the Bamboo, uh, Bamboozal, uh . . . Debra: Bamboozalich. Ralph: Right! Is this the Bamboozalich residence? Debra: Yes, it is. Ralph: My name is Ralph Packard, and I'm calling from the Patlantic Ball Phone Company to tell you about our exciting new long-distance offer, the Call Me Sometime program. For only forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax, you can make unlimited long-distance calls between midnight and six a.M. ! And, for a small additional fee . . . Debra: Excuse me, I don't want to be rude, but . . . Ralph: ! assure you, ma'am, this is a legitimate offer. There are no hidden charges or fees. Just the forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax. I'm sure you're paying a lot more for your long-distance bills now! I'd be happy to . . . @ Debra: Listen, my dinner's getting cold. I really can't talk about this now . . . Ralph: But, this is a great offer, Ms. Bamboo, uh, Bambooza . ~ . Debra: I'm really sorry. Good-bye! Jake: Who was that? Debra: It was a solicitor. lake: What was it this time? Debra: Some kind of telephone service, I think. Those guys are a pain in the neck. They always call at the worst possible time. Now, where were we? Oh, Owen, you were saying that you haven't met the boss yet. Owen: No, but I met his son, Mark. lake: Is Mark a supervisor? Owen: No, not yet, but he will be once he gets more experience. He spent last summer loading the delivery trucks, but this year he's going to be working on the assembly line with me. I hope it . . . lake: Hold that thought. I'll be right back. Hello? Nancy: Congratulations! You have just~vvon a complimentary two-night stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!! That's right; you and a guest are invited to spend the weekend, free of charge, at our fabulous new Golden Fleece hotel and casino. This is your once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to take advantage of our amazing world-famous accommodations lake: Sorry, but I'm not really . . . Nancy: . . . Fleece, located just five miles south of downtown, features three award-winning restaurants, a two-acre golf course, and, once construction is completed, a fully-enclosed indoor swimming pool! In addition . . . lake: Hello? Excuse me. Hey! Nancy: . . . great food venues, you and your friend can enjoy an evening of fine entertainment in the Golden'Fleece's spacious 300-seat theater. This month, we're featuring stage and screen star Jerry Berry in the Gower Champion classic, Bye Bye Birdie! Don't miss this opportunity! To get your free two-night room at the Golden Fleece, just call our toll-free number! You can reach us at . . . lake: It's a recorded message! It's not even a real person! I can't believe it! When did they start doing that? Debra: This really is getting out of control. We can't even share a meal together without the phone ringing, or someone knocking at the door . . . lake: Don't answer that! Owen: Let me take this one. I know how to handle these guys. Hello. @ Fred: Good evening. My name is Fred Dooley, and I'm calling on behalf of the Burnidoff Diet Program. Did you know that for $9.99 a week, the Burnidoff diet program can help you lose up to 50 pounds in two months . . . Owen: Thanks so much for calling, Fred. But, you've really called me at a bad time . . . Fred: Well, um, but, uh, there's never a bad time to hear about the Burnidoff Diet Program! We have a full line of diet foods that are available for only $120 a month. If you want to lose weight and . . . Owen: Fred! Your program sounds interesting, but I really can't talk right now. Hey, I've got a great idea! Why don't you give me your phone number, and I'll call you back! I want to be sure I reach you, so yoU'd better give me your home phone number. Oh, and you should tell me what time you eat dinner, so I can be sure to call you then! Fred: I don't want you to call me at home! And, I don't want you to call me while I'm eating dinner. That would be very disruptive. Owen: But, you're calling me at home during my dinner! Fred: Uh, well, but, uh . . . Owen: Goodbye, Fred! Debra: That was ingenious, Owen! How did you think of that? Owen: I saw a guy do it on a TV show once. It works pretty well. lake: It sure does! He won't be calling again. So, what do you say we get back to our dinner? Debra: Great idea. Owen: Would you pass me the asparagus, please . . . Vocabulary in Context EXERCISE 4Directions: Listen to these sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that has the same meaning. NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE: Jake: I'm famished. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: lake: I'm famished. I was so busy today that all I had for lunch was a cold cup of coffee and a donut. @ NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Jake: I'm famished. NARRATOR 2. SENTENCE: Owen: A guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho. NARRATOR CONTEXT: Debra: Is Gloria the boss? Owen: No, a guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: a Owen: A guy named Mr. Carson is the head honcho. NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE: Ralph: You can make unlimited long-distance calls! NARRATOR CONTEXT: Ralph: For only forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax, you can make unlimited long-distance calls be~tween midnight and six A.M.! NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Ralph: You can make unlimited long-distance calls! NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE: Ralph: This is a legitimate offer. NARRATOR CONTEXT: Ralph: I assure you, ma'am, this is a legitimate offer. There are no hidden charges or fees. @ NARRATOR SENTENCE: Ralph: This is a legitimate offer. NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE: Debra: It was a solicitor. NARRATOR CONTEXT: Jake: Who was that? Debra: It was a solicitor. lake: What was it this time? Debra: Some kind of telephone service, I think. NARRATOR SENTENCE: Debra: It was a solicitor. NARRATOR 6. SENTENCE: Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck. NARRATOR CONTEXT: Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck. They always call at the worst possible time. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Debra: Those guys are a pain in the neck. NARRATOR 7. SENTENCE: Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two- Nevada!! night stay in Las Vegas, @ NARRATOR CONTEXT: Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two- night stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!! That's right; you and a guest are invited to spend the weekend, free of charge, at the fabulous new Golden Fleece Hotel and Casino. NARRATOR SENTENCE: Nancy: Congratulations! You have just won a complimentary two- night stay in Las Vegas, Nevada!! NARRATOR 8. SENTENCE: Jake: It's a recorded message! NARRATOR CONTEXT: Jake: It's a recorded message! It's not even a real person! I can't believe it! When did they start doing that? NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Jake: It's a recorded message! NARRATOR 9. SENTENCE: Fred: That would be very disruptive. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Fred: I don't want you to call me at home! And, I don't want you to call me while I'm eating dinner. That would be very disruptive. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Fred: That would be very disruptive. @ NARRATOR 10. SENTENCE: Debra: That was ingenious! NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Debra: That was ingenious, Owen! How did you think of that? Owen: I saw it a guy do it on a TV show once. It works pretty well. Jake: It sure does! NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Debra: That was ingenious! EXPANSION: PROPAGANDA EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following commercials and speeches. For each one, circle the propaganda strategy used. 1. Hello friends. Do you want to be popular and win friends? Do you want to walk into a job interview and immediately wow the boss? How about successfully asking the person of your dreams out on a date? Well the key to your success is right here in this little tube of Doxicretinoid. Doxicretinoid will have you looking fresh, relaxed, and young again in no time at all. Doxicretinoid has been created for energetic people who want to maintain their youthful vim and vigor. Smart, active, and worldly folks who are constantly on the go can always use a boost of youth and vitality and it's yours with the simple daily application of this miracle remedy w~ich was developed at a Swiss spa catering to the rich and famous. From jet-setters to people like you, Doxicretinoid will have people feeling like a million dollars in no time at all. Doxicretinoid, the secret to happiness and eternal youth. Available at most pharmacies and drug outlets in lotion or gel. 2. Good evening, ladies and gentleman. This is Doctor Jennifer Wong from the hit radio show What's Bugging You? I'm here to tell you about a great restaurant called Chez Latidaz, located on Highway 9 right next to the S & G gas station. If you're looking for a great place to eat that's friendly, pleasant, and delicious, this is the eatery for you! Chez Latidaz is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Ask about their daily specials, and don't miss their delicious pies and desserts. Take it from Dr. Jenny: If what's bugging you is that you're in need of a wonderful restaurant, Chez Latidaz is the place for you! @ 3. Hi. I'm Desmond McDillon. I'm not a lawyer, but I play one on the BGNS series The Firm. l'm here to talk to you about a group of lawyers who are committed to serving the public: Jahokey and Slyers Attorneys at Law. Jahokey and Slyers is a legal firm that works for you. When you sign on with Jahokey and Slyers, you are not asked to pay a single penny up front for their services. If your case is not won in court, you pay nothing. Jahokey and Slyers has a team of the best qualified attorneys, who are ready to help you with your big day in court. Remember, if they don't win, they receive no money, so it's in their best interests to fight the best fight that they can. If you are currently in need of legal assistance, I strongly urge you to contact one of the offices of Jahokey and Slyers in your local area. Remember, it won't cost you a dime, but it probably will help you to win your case in court. Call now. And I'll see you on The Firm. 4. Announcer: Are you afraid this might happen to you? Diana: Hello? Officer Greeley: Is this the Smather's residence? Diana: Yes, it is. Officer Greeley: Good evening, Ms. Smathers, my name is Max Greeley, from the midtown police station, and I'm afraid I've got some bad news concerning your daughter, Christine. Diana: Oh, my goodness! Is s[~e all right? Officer Greeley: I'm afraid not, ma'am. Christine was involved in a drunk driving accident. She and two of her friends had been drinking over near the mall and drove their car into the side of a building. They were all injured pretty badly. You'd better get over to Memorial hospital right away. Announcer: Have you talked to your teenagers about the dangers of drunk driving? What they don't know can kill them, so take the time, sit down with your kids, and give them the facts. Drinking and driving do not mix. Hello, everybody, this is Bill Fence, president of Microshock Computers. I know a lot of you are sitting there thinking, Wow, that's Bill Fence, one of the richest men in the world! But, believe me, folks, I'm the same as you are. I drink coffee in the mornin' just like you, put my pants on one leg at a time, just like you, and go to work every day just like you. And, believe me, I know your life is difficult and you don't have time to do all the things you need to do in a day. That's why the boys and I have come up with a new software program called Microshock Word Power. This little baby will help you organize your checkbook and household budget, and make it easier to write letters and surf the Internet. Your kids will love it, too! I know mine do. So, if you're like me and need a computer program that will help you out, try Microshock Word Power. Thank you. @ o lack: Jill asked me to pick up some soda, but I don't know which kind to get. Oscar: Well, that's easy. Get some Parpsie! lack: Parpsie? Why Parpsie? Oscar: Parpsie is the soda that everyone likes! It's the most popular soda in the world! Why would you drink some number 2 brand, when you can have the soda that nine out of ten taste testers judge as the best? Parpsie is the soda for you, Jack. If you don't believe me, just look around. Everybody loves Parpsie! 7. People of Kandizar, I come to you tonight to speak of the horrific situation that we now face. We have desperately tried to make peace over the last two years, but now find that we have no other choice but than to protect our fatherland. The Godless Sibinars have once again shown what a cowardly and inhuman people they are. It is impossible to reason with people who behave like immoral dogs. If we do not protect our nation now, we risk being attacked by these bloodthirsty, spiteful, and Godless sinners. They have tried to spread their evil ways across our border and will not be happy until our women are debased into wearing the shameless garments of their evil society. We must protect our people from the wicked forces to our west before our blessed country becomes a sanctuary for the devil. 8. My fellow citizens, I promise that if I am elected, I will help to clean up this city from the abysmally filthy and disheveled state it has fallen into. For years now, we have been plagued by air pollution caused by uncontrolled industry, our water has become dangerously impure, and our streets have been an embarrassment because of the filth and graffiti that can be seen everywhere. I pledge that within the first three months of my term, I will enact legislation to limit industry's rampant disregard for our environment. I will demand that while patrolling streets, law enforcement 9fficers will apprehend anyone seen defacing public property. It is time that our city return to the God-fearing moral values upon which it was founded. I would now like to close my speech by asking the Lord to give us the strength to protect the good people of our community and to give us the wisdom to prosper in the future. Amen. FOCUS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORMS Section 1 Active and Passive Verbs EX E RCI S E 1 Directions: Listen to the following sentences. For each sentence, circle the correct form of the verb that you hear. 1. Customers may use this debit card at the local grocery store. 2. Chapter four was completed ten days ago. 3. Propaganda can be found in all kinds of advertisements. 4. A good telemarketer gets people to keep listening. @ 5. Critical thinkers are not easily fooled by bait and switch scams.1 6. The ad for the Burnidoff Diet Program targets people with low self- esteem. 7. Jack received an offer in the mail to make money fast. 8. Molly was sent a copy of her credit report. i E X E RC I S E 2Directions: Listen to the following sentences. For each sentence that you hear, decide ~i who the doer of the action is. Circle the correct answer. 1. Nancy was offered a credit card with no limit. 2. My teacher excused me from yesterday's homework. 3. They sent Lisa on an all-expenses paid trip to Las Vegas. 4. Kitty was overcharged twenty-five dollars on last month's telephone bill. 5. The University of Oakdale was built in 1956. 6. Mr. Lopez called his sister Louisa long distance on her birthday. 7. Critical thinking should be used by all decision makers. 8. The Plain Folks device is practiced by most politicians. ,P Section 2 Active and Passive Adjectives EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences and circle the sentence with the same meaning. Example: Rodney couldn't understand the teacher's question. 1. Some students were speaking very loudly in the library while I was trying to study. 2. Martha fell down on her way to the blackboard. 3. Theresa studied very hard, but she only got a C minus on the test. 4. The students have to do the same homework exercises every night. 5. Sandy was on vacation in July, but her electric bill was over $100. EXERCISE 4Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Then, circle the sentence with the same meaning. Example: The test directions were extremely confusing. 1. My new neighbor is a very frightening person. 2. I asked Donna about her new boyfriend and she told me that she really thinks that he is interested in her. 3. The librarian jumped when she saw the stack of falling books. 4. The Andersons had to lend money" to their grown son. 5. The divorcing couple closed their bank account this morning. @ PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and choose the correct answer. 1. When should you use critical thinking? 2. Why was the consumer upset? 3. Did Emily persuade you to buy a new car? 4. Why did you hang up the phone? 5. How can I find out about my vacation benefits? 6. Why did you change telephone companies? 7. Where can I find out about the latest consumer scares? 8. What's the difference between these two advertisements? 9. How was Vicky scammed into buying that lemon? 10. What's an example of bandwagon? EXERCISE 2 Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the correct answer. 1. Jeffrey says he is never influenced by propaganda. 2. Kate couldn't persuade Javier to pay for her lunch. 3. Angela gets more junk mail than Tina, but less than Timothy. 4. The phone company called Allan with a legitimate offer. 5. That store frequently uses bait and switch scams. 6. Senator Gleason says that this brand of potato chips is the best. 7. l was transferred to the supervisor by a very insulting telemarketer. 8. Eric came up with an ingenious way for the company to make money. 9. Even though the telemarketer began with a funny joke, I was bored by l~is pitch. 10. Phyllis just ate an entire chicken by herself! EXERCISE 3Directions: Listen to the conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct. Telephone rings Fred: Hello? Ralph: Hello. Is this the Dooley residence? Fred: Yes, it is. Ralph: Hello, Mr. Dooley. My name is Ralph Packard, and I'm calling from the Patlantic Ball Phone Company . . . Bell Sound @ Fred: Great! Thanks for calling me back. I have a question about my phone bill. There's a charge on it for a twenty-minute call to Altoona, Texas, that was made on March 1st at 2 A.M. I don't know anybody in Altoona! Not only that, but I was asleep at 2 a.m., so there's no way that I made that call! Bell Sound Ralph: Oh, I'm not calling about your bill. I don't work in the customer service department; l'm in sales. Fred: Sales? Ralph: That's right, and I'm calling to tell you about our exciting new long-distance offer, the Call Me Sometime program. Bell Sound Fred: The Call Me Sometime program? What's that? Ralph: I'm so glad you asked! For only forty-nine dollars a month, plus tax, you can make unlimited long-distance calls between midnight and six A.M. ! Fred: That sounds like a pretty good deal . . . Bell Sound Fred: A pretty good deal if you want to make long-distance phone calls in the middle of the night! But, like I said before, I'm asleep at 2 A.M.! Thanks for your time, but'~ need someone to explain my bill, not try and sell me a worthless program. Bell Sound E X E RCIS E 4Directions: You will hear three selections. At the beginning of each conversation you will hear a question. Listen to the conversation. Then, circle the best answer. 1. Question: What's the best title for this dialogue? Ernie: Hi, I'm interested in the CD player you advertised on sale in today's newspaper. Larry: Oh, yes. We.have an amazing variety of CD players that are all on sale today. Which one did you have in. mind? Ernie: The Fony Megastorage for $499 is the one that caught my eye. I've been wanting a megastorage CD player for the longest time but have never seen one for under $600. I raced down here as soon as I saw your ad. Larry: Well that is quite a deal, but if you think that one is good, let me show you this Demon Megastorage with remote control and a five- year warranty. Look right here. It comes in five different designer colors and includes a pair of headphones. Ernie: Wow, those colors are amazing. I didn't realize you could get audio equipment in chartreuse. I already have a computer in that color. Larry: Demon is on the cutting edge of design. And they've just come out with receivers and turntables to match, so you can build yourself a complete system. This is really an incredibly stylish and sophisticated piece of equipment. @ Ernie: Yes, it really is amazing. How much is it? Larry: Believe it or not, if you get the complete system, the price of the CD player drops to only $467. Ernie: Gee, that's cheaper than the Fony. How much is it alone? Larry: Well, you really have to take advantage of this special offer. If you don't get the complete system now, you run the risk of the color being discontinued, so you won't be able to build a completely matched system. Ernie: Oh, I already have a great receiver and turntable. I just want the CD player. So, how much is it? Larry: This is the best player that Demon makes. It's got state-of-the-art technology and design. You can't even~ Ernie: Yeah, but how much is it? Larry: Only $649. Ernie: Oh, no, that's much too much. I really want the Fony on sale. Where are they? Larry: Uh . . . Um . . . Gee, unfortunately, I think they're all sold out. .But there is another Fony on sale for $589. It comes with . . . 2. Question: What is this 'an advertisement for? Janet: Is your life too hectic? Do you find that you just don't have the time to do what you want to do because you have to go to work, study for a test, or pick up the kids? If this is sounding a little too familiar, I have a great suggestion for you! To make sure that we spend quality time together, Travis and I get up every morning and greet the day with a nice long walk. Did you know that walking is one of the best forms of exercise? It's a safe, low-impact form of aerobics that's great for your health and your spirits. If you want to get fit, you can't do it by sitting around. You have to get active! Now, I know what you're thinking: "But, I don't have time to shower, dress, eat breakfast, get the kids ready, and go for a walk!" l'm here to tell you that you do! Here's how: Wake up thirty minutes early, and get dressed. Don't worry about what you look like; just grab your Apollo II walking shoes with the patented cushioned sole for arch support and comfort, and tell your feet to start walking! Before you head out the door, make sure you power up with a healthy breakfast. Instead of reaching for the coffee, pour yourself a You'll feel the energy tall glass of freshly squeezed orange juice. right away. So, take it from us, if you want to make a real change in your lifestyle, you need to think smart, eat smart, and hit the pavement in your Apollo II'S. You'll be glad you did, right, Travis? Travis: Woof! @ 3. Question: Which propaganda device is being used? Has this ever happened to you: You're sitting in your living room watching TV when suddenly, there's a power outage and the lights go out! It is pitch black. You're alone. You're scared. You need help, but you're afraid to get up and move around for fear that you'll bump into something and maybe break your arm, or your leg . . . or worse. What do you do? What do you do? Luckily, the fine folks at Moonbeam have invented an emergency flashlight that is perfect for any household emergency. The Light-O-Rama is small enough to fit in a pocket, but provides a beam of light so powerful, you can read the fine print of a phone book with it! Convenient and easy to use, the Light-O-Rama only needs two double-A batteries and provides over fourteen hours of continuous use. Remember, don't be caught in the dark; get a Light-O-Rama today! EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. This letter says I've won a free trip to Florida? All I have to do is call this 900 number. 2. Good morning, Mr. Smith. My name is Ralph Packard, I'm calling to tell you about a great new long-distance phone plan! 3. Bill Fence is the richest head honcho in the country. 4. At Chez Latidaz, you can have as much salad as you like. 5. Hello. This is President Sullivan-Carver asking you to buy Sonopanic TVs. They're the best! 6. I really think you should try Bleem toothpaste. Trust me, it works. 7. This report is ingenious! 8. It's your responsibility to read ads carefully and ask salespeople questions. 9. I couldn't get my homework done because Eduardo kept asking me questions. 10. l'm going to look carefully at all of the information before I make my decision. @ 3. Question: Which propaganda device is being used? Has this ever happened to you: You're sitting in your living room watching TV when suddenly, there's a power outage and the lights go out! It is pitch black. You're alone. You're scared. You need help, but you're afraid to get up and move around for fear that you'll bump into something and maybe break your arm, or your leg . . . or worse. What do you do? What do you do? Luckily, the fine folks at Moonbeam have invented an emergency flashlight that is perfect for any household emergency. The Light-O-Rama is small enough to fit in a pocket, but provides a beam of light so powerful, you can read the fine print of a phone book with it! Convenient and easy to use, the Light-O-Rama only needs two double-A batteries and provides over fourteen hours of continuous use. Remember, don't be caught in the dark; get a Light-O-Rama today! EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word. 1. This letter says I've won a free trip to Florida? All I have to do is call this 900 number. 2. Good morning, Mr. Smith. My name is Ralph Packard, I'm calling to tell you about a great new long-distance phone plan! 3. Bill Fence is the richest head honcho in the country. 4. At Chez Latidaz, you can have as much salad as you like. 5. Hello. This is President Sullivan-Carver asking you to buy Sonopanic TVs. They're the best! 6. I really think you should try Bleem toothpaste. Trust me, it works. 7. This report is ingenious! 8. It's your responsibility to read ads carefully and ask salespeople questions. 9. I couldn't get my homework done because Eduardo kept asking me questions. 10. l'm going to look carefully at all of the information before I make my decision. @ 8TAPESCRIPT MAIN DIALOGUE EXERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information Directions: Listen to the dialogue and try to get a general idea of what is happening. Remember, you don't need to understand everything. Just try to think about the following questions: 1. What is the main idea of this dialogue? 2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place? 3. What role does each speaker have? 4. What level of education do you think each speaker has? 5. How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold, concerned, angry, and so on)? Allen: Good evening, folks, and welcome to another edition of: How Green Are You? " I'm your host, Allen Brizell, and this is the quiz show where we test your knowledge of recycling, pollution, energy efficiency, and other important environmental issues. Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars! Let's meet them now, shall we? First, we have Sally Chilch. She works as an accountant for a computer software company in Allentown, Pennsylvania. And, over here we have Jim Everett, a firefighter from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Welcome to you both! Sally: Hi, Allen. Jim: It's nice to be here, Allen. Allen: I think you both know the rules: I'll ask you questions about the ,; environment, and the person who gets the most answers correct wins the money. So, without further delay, let's play: How Green Are You? Our first question is about water: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by doing what? Sally? Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your faucet off when you're brushing your teeth. Allen: That's right! Sally: And, installing a low-flow shower head will also significantly reduce your water bill. You can save a lot of money and still have a great shower! Allen: You're correct, Sally! Too bad we can't give extra credit for that answer. Okay, the score is one to zero. Here's question number two: What appliance in the kitchen uses the most energy? Allen: Yes, Jim? Jim: Is it your stove? @ Allen: No, sorry. That's not correct. Sally? Sally: It's your refrigerator! Allen: Right! Your refrigerator is on 24/7. So, you want to be sure that it's keeping your food fresh in the most energy-efficient way. The score is now two zip. Come on, Jim, you need to start getting some points!i lira: I'm trying, Allen. Allen: Next question: Besides buying a fuel-efficient car, what can you do to get the best possible gas mileage when you're driving? i Allen: Sally? Sally: Take the bus? Allen: Well, yes, taking the bus would get you quite a few miles per gallon of gasoline, but that's not really. Yes, Jim? lim: To get the best possible gas mileage, you shouldn't drive your car over the speed limit. Driving fast wastes gas. Allen: That's right! And driving slower also reduces your risk of accidents. Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that your tires are properly inflated. You can~lose efficiency if your tires don't have enough air. Oh, that sound means it's time for the lightening round. I'll read a statement and you tell me whether it's true or false. The category this time is recycling. Jim, since you're behind coming into this round, I'll start with you. Are you ready? lim: Yes. Alien: True or false: The energy saved from recycling just one aluminum can run a TV for three hours. |im: Uh, true? Allen: Correct. Okay, Sally, here's yours: True or false: It takes 75,000 trees to print a Sunday edition of The New York Times newspaper. Sally: False. Allen: Actually, that's true. It takes 75,000 trees to print the Sunday Times. Sally: Wow! That's amazing! Allen: Yes, and, here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday newspapers read in this country are not recycled. People just throw them in the trash! lim: That's really scary. Allen: Yes, some people just don't get it. Okay, Jim, here's your next question: True or false: Each year, Americans use more than 25 million Styrofoam coffee cups that cannot be recycled. Jim: True. @ Allen: Yes, unfortunately, that is true. And, let's not forget, those Styrofoam cups last for about 500 years! Sally, you're next. True or false: Americans throw away enough office and writing paper every year to build a wall 12 feet high stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. Sally: True? Allen: Yes. Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their paper. We waste millions of trees every year That signal means the lightening round is over. Let's check the score to see who the winner is...why, it's a tie! You each have three correct answers. That means we will ask you one final tie- breaker question. Whoever gets it right wins the loot! So, for ten thousand dollars, put your hands on your buzzers and get ready. Here's the question: Who wrote the best-selling song, My baby's so green, it's making me blue? Sally? Sally: Was it, urn, oh, what's his name? Johnny, uh, Johnny Appleton? Allen: No. I'm sorry, that's incorrect. Jim, do you have a guess? Jim: Johnny Webster! Johnny Webster wrote that song! Allen: That's right! We have a winner! Congratulations, Jim. Here's your check for ten thousand dollars, which of course was printed on 100% recycled paper. Thanks for playing, Jim and Sally. Well, folks, our time is up. This is Allen Brizell saying "so long" and reminding you that: What you don't know about conservation can hurt the environment, and what you do know can earn you a whole lot of cash on the quiz show How Green Are You ? Vocabulary in Context EXERCISE 4 Directions: Listen to these sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that has the same meaning. NARRATOR: ]. SENTENCE: Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars! NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars! @ NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Tonight's two lucky contestants will be competing against each other for a cash prize of ten thousand dollars! NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE: Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your faucet off when you're brushing your teeth. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your faucet off when you're brushing your teeth. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Sally: You can conserve five gallons of water a day by turning your faucet off when you're brushing your teeth. NARRATOR 3. SENTENCE: Sally: It will also significantly reduce your water bill. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Sally: And, installing a low-flow shower'head will also significantly reduce your water bill. You can save a lot of money and still have a great shower! NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Sally: It will also significantly reduce your water bill. NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE: Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7. @ NARRATOR CONTEXT: Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7. So, you want to be sure that it's keeping your food fresh in the most energy efficient way. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Your refrigerator is on 24/7. NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE: Allen: The score is now two zip. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: The Score is now two zip. Come on Jim, you need to start getting some points! NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: The score is now two zip. NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE: Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that ,/ your tires are properly inflated. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that your tires are properly inflated. You can lose efficiency if your tires don't have enough air: NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Another way to increase your gas mileage is to make sure that your tires are properly inflated. @ NARRATOR: 7. SENTENCE: Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday newspapers read in this country are not recycled. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday newspapers read in this country are not recycled. NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Here's what's really mind-boggling: About 90% of all Sunday newspapers read in this country are not recycled. NARRATOR: 8. SENTENCE: Allen: Each year, Americans use mor~ than 25 million Styrofoam coffee cups that cannot be recycled. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Each year, Americans use more than 25 million Styrofoam coffee cups that cannot be recycled. And, let's not forget, those Styrofoam cups last for about 500 years! NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Each year, Americans use more than 25 million Styrofoam coffee cu[~s that cannot be recycled. NARRATOR: 9. SENTENCE: Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their paper. NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their paper. @ NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Instead of recycling, too many businesses just dump their paper. NARRATOR: 10. SENTENCE: Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot! NARRATOR: CONTEXT: Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot! So, for ten thousand dollars, put your hands on your buzzers and get ready. . NARRATOR: SENTENCE: Allen: Whoever gets it right wins the loot! EXPANSION Section 1 Earth Day and Environmental Problems EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the following Earth Day speakers describe environmental problems. For each speaker, listen to find the problem, the causes, effects, and solutions. Take notes. Don't worry about spelling. 1.,~ Air pollution is probably one of our oldest environmental problems. People in Ancient Rome complained about dirty air over two thousand years ago! Today, air pollution is not just found outside; polluting substances can also be trapped inside of buildings. We sometimes hear people talk about sick buildings where air quality is a serious concern. Some causes of air pollution are natural, such as forest fires and volcanoes. There's not much we can do about these sort of events. But, humans are responsible for the two greatest sources of air pollution today: heavy industry and automobile use. Factories and cars fill the air with poisonous gasses which are damaging to plant and wildlife and make people sick. Did you know that, on average, approximately 50,000 people in the United States alone die every year from diseases related to air pollution? If we really care about the quality of the air we breathe, we need to drive less and use public transportation more. We must make our homes more energy efficient and practice recycling and other conservation methods on a daily basis. @ , We live on the water planet. Our world is made up of 75 percent water, and without water, there would be no life on earth. The atmosphere is not the only part of our environment that is in danger. Water pollution is another real threat to the survival of the planet. Water becomes polluted when poisonous chemicals, garbage, waste sewage, and other toxins are dumped into our lakes, rivers, and other water supplies. and people dirty the water Factories pollute the water with chemical runoff, with human waste in places where modern sewer systems are not available. Oil spills from huge transport ships are another source of water pollution. When these accidents occur, the oil spills kill the birds, fish, and other animals living in the water and disrupt the delicate food chain in our oceans, lakes, and rivers. Small life forms that fish feed on are killed, so the fish eventually die. Without those fish to eat, other animals cannot survive, and the terrible effects continue up to larger plants and animals until it directly affects humans. Moreover, when freshwater bodies are polluted, less water is available to us for drinking and for other essential life functions. What can we do about this problem? Well, the~e are several things that can help to reduce water pollution. Laws must be created to limit the dumping of dangerous materials into our waters, and factories must be forced to pay very high fines for breaking these laws. In addition, governments must spend more money to help to clean up waters that are already polluted. Another step would be for manufacturers, such as those in the plastics industry, to develop products that are biodegradable--that is, products that break down and can be recycled back into nature. Finally, people must demand that their governments do more to protect the source of all life: water. 3. Today, there are more than six billion people living on the planet. Earth has become a very crowded,place, and the rise in the world population has had a negative impact on the environment. When people move in, the land, water, and air quality suffer. A perfect example of this problem is deforestation. Deforestation occurs when large areas of trees are cleared away in forests and woodlands. The deforestation of tropical rain forests in places like Brazil and Central America is of particular concern as these locations contain some of the largest and richest forest areas in the world. Why is deforestation happening? To meet the needs of the growing population, forests have been destroyed to provide lumber and wood products. Additionally, deforestation has cleared land to be used for growing food and raising livestock such as cattle. The effect of this clearing has been deadly. When deforestation occurs, thousands of species of plants and animals are killed. This destruction is particularly tragic when it occurs in rain forests, because humans rely on the rain forest for common products including coffee, bananas, chocolate, vegetables, and spices. @ Deforestation also contributes to air pollution. When trees are cut and the land cleared through burning, millions of tons of the poison carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. This increase in carbon dioxide levels has caused the average temperature on earth to rise by several degrees, a situation that is contributing to another very serious environmental problem called global warming. In order to prevent the continued deforestation of our land, people need to demand that governments do more to protect the earth's natural resources. We must reduce our need for wood products through our personal choices. As consumers, we must actively participate in recycling programs and other wood- conservation activities. Section 2 Environmental Organizations and Volunteerism EX E RC I S E 1 Directions: Listen to the following descriptions of groups and organizations working on environmental issues. Write the name and purpose of the organization in the chart. 1. The World Wildlife Fund, or WWE is an international organization working to protect the world's endangered species. Many people around the world are familiar with the WWF because of their official sign: a picture of a Panda bear. When only a few Panda bears were left on the earth, the World Wildlife Fund helped to protect them and other animals threatened with extinction. The WWF was founded in 1961 and today has over three million members. They continue to work to protect animals against the many forms of pollution that are harming the soil, atmosphere, freshwater, and oceans in which they live. 2. Founded in 1935, the Wilderness Society works to protect America's wilderness and to develop a nationwide network of wild lands. Their goal is to make sure that the forests, rivers, deserts, and mountains of the United States remain ff untouched so that everyone can visit them and enjoy their clean air and water. The Wilderness Society works to educate the public about important land conservation topics from its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and its eight regional offices across the United States. 3. The Audubon Society is one of the oldest conservation organizations in the United States. Named after an American naturalist and wildlife painter named John James Audubon, who lived from 1785 until 1851, the Audubon Society is dedicated to the preservation and protection of birds. In the early 1900s, there were no laws in the United States to control the hunting of birds and other animals. Many birds were killed for their feathers and eggs, and some species became extinct. Members of the Audubon Society helped change attitudes and laws in the country to make sure that our bird life is protected. Today, the Audubon Society continues to educate the public about birds and encourages members to get involved in bird-watching and other environmentally friendly activities. @ o Zero Population Growth is a national grass-roots organization that focuses on the negative effects that the world's growing population has upon the environment. Zero Population Growth's goal is to slow population growth and achieve a balance between the Earth's people and its land, air, and water resources. Founded in 1975, Zero Population Growth educates the public about current global, national, and local population issues. The organization has created classroom lessons to help students learn more about demographic trends and their relationship to the environment. The organization also teaches people about the dangers of overpopulation and a variety of population-related issues, including family planning, the status and condition of women in the world today, immigration, and the growth of local communities. 5. Established in 1969 as a nonprofit conservation organization, the Oceanic Society focuses on marine wildlife. The mission of this group is to protect the whales, dolphins, and other aquatic species inhabiting the waters of the world. The Oceanic Society uses science, education, and activism to alert the public about the critical environmental problems that threaten our ocean's life forms. Volunteers at the Oceanic Society are given the unique opportunity to work up close with marine wildlife and help scientists collect important information during research expeditions. FOCUS: COMPOUND NOUN STRESS VERSUS NOUN PHRASE STRESS You have already learned the difference between compound nouns and noun phrases: A noun phrase is the combination of an adjective + a noun. Examples: a recycled newspaper a healthy environment a rechargeable battery When you hear a noun phrase, you know that the first word just tells you what kind of noun the second word is. It does not change the meaning of the noun. A compound noun is a noun + noun or an adjective + noun that takes on a new meaning from the original noun. Compound nouns can be two words combined into one, or two separate words. Compound nouns have new meanings from the main (second) noun. Examples: a tiebreaker an air conditioner Notice that tiebreaker and air conditioner have very different meanings from their main nouns breaker and conditioner. @ When compound nouns are the result of an adjective + a noun, they can easily be mistaken for noun phrases that use the same words but have very different meanings. For example: Noun phrase: After a lot of careful thought, he chose the red cross. (He chose a cross that was red.) Compound noun: After a lot of careful thought, he chose the Red Cross. (He chose to volunteer to work for the Red Cross organization.) Good listeners can tell the difference in meaning between these two sentences because of their differing stress patterns. With the noun phrase, the stress is on the noun, cross (the second word). It has the normal meaning. The speaker is talking about a cross. With the compound noun, the stress is on the adjective, red (the first word). Example" After a lot of careful thought, he chose the Red Cross. Said this way, the sentence has a new meaning. The speaker is talking about an organization and not a cross. Knowing how the stress of identical word combinations differ will help you to become a better listener. E X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Choose the correct answer according to ,~vhere you hear the stress. Example: Cleaning up toxic waste is dirty work. The correct answer is a because the stress in on the second word in the phrase. 1. That area of the country is known for its wildlife. 2. Tom owns an amazing greenhouse. 3. They took the photos of the endangered animals to a darkroom. 4. Energy-minded consumers buy compact fluorescent lightbulbs. S. The Audubon society has posters of beautiful black birds. 6. Jay walked into the room in a wet suit. 7. Look out the window at that early bird. 8. If we want stronger environmental laws, the man in the White House will have to help us. 9. I always shop at that super market where they only sell green products. 10. To save energy, use a hotplate to boil water for tea. @ EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the sentences again. Choose the correct sentence according to the meaning. Example: I can tell by Terry's black belt that she is fashion conscious. The answer is a. The stress is on the second word. The phrase is a normal noun phrase and does not have a special meaning. The speaker is talking about a belt that is black. Letter b would have the stress on the first word. It would have the new meaning of a marital arts expert. 1. That area of the country is known for its wildlife. 2. Tom owns an amazing greenhouse. 3. They took the photos of the endangered animals to a darkroom. 4. Energy-minded consumers buy compact fluorescent lightbulbs. 5. The Audubon society has posters of beautiful black birds. 6. Jay walked into the room in a wet suit. 7. Look out the window at that early bird. 8. If we want stronger environmental laws, the man in the White House will have to help us. -" 9. I always shop at that super market where they only sell green products. use a hotplate to boil water for tea. 10. To save energy, PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Directions: You will hear ten questions. Read the three possible responses and choose the correct answer. 1. What do you think is the most serious environmental concern in the world today? 2. What should I do with all of these newspapers? 3. How can you conserve energy at home? 4. What is the best setting for your hot water thermostat? 5. How green are you? 6. When was the original Earth Day celebrated? 7. Where can I get information about family planning? 8. How many of these items can I recycle? 9. Why is water pollution still a problem? 10. What special things can I do to ensure that my home is energy efficient during the winter? @ EXERCISE 2 Directions: You will hear ten sentences. Read the three choices and circle the correct answeE 1. Over 40 percent of the oil we use in this country goes into our cars and trucks. 2. Joe convinced his wife to replace their old refrigerator with an energy- efficient model. 3. If we are serious about reducing deforestation, we've got to commit to making changes in our daily life choices. 4. The World Wildlife Fund depends on donations and volunteers to keep the organization running. 5. Replacing just one quarter of your lights with compact fluorescent bulbs can reduce your lighting energy bill by 50 percent. 6. Believe it or not, I noticed this fat cat on the stage at the Earth Day celebration. 7. That is one amazing hot dog. 8. Please clean the blackboard. 9. Ninety percent of our class recycles paper, yet only ten percent uses public transportation. 10. The hazardous waste law takes effect in three years. EXERCISE 3 Directions: Listen to the conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct. Aaron: So Mark, when do you begin? Mark: I actually start on the 21st, so I'm hoping to dash off to the coast for a little surfing before l'm formally tied down. Aaron: I don't blame you. You're going to be working long hours and should get a little R&R to help energize you before it all starts. Bell Sound Mark: We don't actually start working on the first day, but there is going to be a very intense week of training, so I do want to get a little play time in before I'm completely bogged down by work. Aaron: Training? I didn't realize you'd need to do that. Mark: Oh absolutely. All new volunteers are required to complete ten days of training before they begin. We have classes in the morning and then we're paired off with experienced volunteers in the afternoon to learn the ropes. Bell Sound Aaron: I guess that's a good idea but this is something you can do in your sleep. Granted it's tiring and hard work, but you've been doing it practically all of your life. Bell Sound Mark: Come on! Just because I know how to read doesn't mean that I know how to teach! People get advanced degrees in teaching literacy, and we're only going to get ten days of practice before we @ come face-to-face with our students. This is very important work. ~ Some of these people are struggling to survive without knowing I how to read. Can you imagine not even being able to read a street sign? Where do you begin? Bell Sound Aaron; I never thought about it like that. I guess it would be pretty challenging. But hey, I bet there are a lot of other really pretty female volunteers to help you get by. Mark; Oh man. You wouldn't believe some of the women I saw at the orientation meeting. I had a hard time concentrating with all of the babes around me. With women like that around me, I know I made the right choice. Bell Sound Aaron; Well lucky you! Maybe I should sign up for the Power Through Reading Project. Mark: Now, now. It doesn't hurt that there are lots of amazing female volunteers. But you have to remember that the work is the real reason for signing up. We heard from a former student at the orientation meeting who spoke absut how this project has changed her life. Everyone in the room was completely amazed. The thought that sharing something that I know can have that kind of an effect on someone's life is just mind-boggling. I'm really psyched up to get started. Bell Sound EXERCISE 4Directions: You will hear two passages. At the beginning of each passage, you will hear a question. Listen to the passage. Then, circle the best answer. : What is the most serious cause of the problem discussed? 1. Question The next part of our discussion will deal with the damage done to our environment by the storage; dumping, and imprQper handling of dangerous materials called hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is produced both on a large scale by major industries and on a smaller scale by individuals. No matter where it comes from, hazardous waste poses a serious threat to both human health and the environment. The processes used by industry to produce the goods that our growing world population demands often create hazardous waste. It is often difficult and expensive to get rid of these poisonous gasses, liquids, and chemicals or store them in a way that does not endanger our air, land, and water. When hazardous waste leaks from storage tanks, is spilled during transport, or is dumped directly into rivers and bays, plants, animals, and humans become ill. Individuals contribute to the problem of hazardous waste pollution by throwing away many common household items that contain poisonous components. Paint, cleaners, batteries, and other everyday products can be dangerous to human and environmental health if not handled carefully. @ One effective solution to this problem would be greater government control over how hazardous wastes are removed. Governments could also limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce. In addition industries could be forced to break down harmful chemical compounds to less dangerous forms before these products are dumped into the ground. And, of course, individuals must begin to buy products that do not contain hazardous materials. 2. Question: Where would you probably hear this speech? Since its inception more than thirty years ago, the environmental movement in this country has worked tirelessly to educate and activate citizens concerning our great but neglected planet: Mother Earth. We have fought hard against complacent politicians, greedy corporations and public apathy to make sure that our concerns were heard. And, after countless teach-ins, demonstrations, boycotts, sit-downs, arrests, and actions, we can say that our message has finally gotten through. Today, we can proudly proclaim that recycling is an integral part of American behavior and can brag that we reuse close to 32 percent of the paper, metal, and glass that we consume in this great land. -While this is certainly an accomplishment worthy of praise, should we be satisfied with this statistic? Would we be happy about a 32 percent unemployment rate in this country? Would we be celebrating only a 32 percent reduction in the illiteracy rate? Of course not! We have done a lot, but we need to do much more. Clearly, 68 percent of the populace has still not gotten the message. We have to respect Mother Nature and stop treating her like a gigantic garbage dump. We must view the environment as if it were a library, and borrow and use the resources responsibly. We have come a long way since 1970, but we still have a long way to go. EXERCISE 5Directions: Listen to the sentence. Choose the correct vocabulary word. rank is going appliance shopping this weekend. 1. F 2. The first Earth Day was organized by ordinary people. 3. Juanita finally got rid of her broken refrigerator. 4. I am having a hard time believing they are still cutting down the rain forests ! 5. The school is located in a beautiful area. 6. I answer the phones at the Wilderness Society on Saturday mornings. 7. The bank robbers stole over three million dollars. 8. The tires on my bicycle need air. 9. The new supermarket is convenient because it never closes. 10. I set my heater to turn off at 9 o'clock. @@