《中华人民共和国社会保险法释义》

《中华人民共和国社会保险法释义》 黎建飞主编:《中华人民共和国社会保险法释义》 中国法制出版社～2010年11月版～214页 第四十二条 【民事侵权责任与工伤保险责任竞合】由于第三人的原因造成工伤～第三人不支付工伤医疗费用或者无法确定第三人的～由工伤保险基金先行支付。工伤保险基金先行支付后～有权向第三人追偿。 【释义】本条是关于工伤保险基金向第三人追偿的规定。 本条的内容说明了本法否定工伤事故中的第三人赔偿与工伤保险基金支付的“双重赔偿”。由于第三人的原因造成工伤的～最终责任人在于该第三人～最终的赔偿义务落脚点亦在该第三人身上。 其实～早在本法颁布之前～围绕着《工伤保险条例》和最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》～就一直存在着反对双重赔偿和支持双重赔偿的两种声音。从最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十二条的规定“依法应当参加工伤保险统筹的用人单位的劳动者～因工伤事故遭受人身损害～劳动者或者其近亲属向人民法院起诉请求用人单位承担民事赔偿责任的～告知其按《工伤保险条例》的规定处理。因用人单位以外的第三人侵权造成劳动者人身损害～赔偿权利人请求第三人承担民事赔偿责任的～人民法院应予支持”～似乎可以得出司法实务部门支持双重赔偿的做法。 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 具体来说～反对双重赔偿的理由是不能让当事人在同一事件中基于损害而获利～赔偿必须不能大于损害～秉承着损失多少赔多少的思路进行处理。支持双重赔偿的理由～则是双重赔偿是源于两个不同的法律关系～劳动者具有双重的主体身份即工伤事故中的受伤职工和人身侵权中的受害人～基于双重主体身份～劳动者有权获得双重赔偿～这也是最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十二条的论证思路。 不过～无论反对还是支持双重赔偿～似乎都存在不尽合理的地方。如果反对双重赔偿～则相当于免除了一方的责任～但到底免除哪方的责任具有正当性呢,免除第三人的责任～在很大程度上有纵容违法行为的嫌疑,免除工伤保险基金的责任有悖于工伤保险基金设立的初衷～况且免除工伤保险基金的责任没有足够充分且正当的理由。如果支持双重赔偿～则对于工伤职工的同一项费用就重复赔偿了两次。两相取舍～权衡利弊之后～本法作出了选择～即否定工伤事故中的第三人赔偿与工伤保险基金支付的“双重赔偿”～不支持双重赔偿。对于第三人的原因造成工伤的～第三人不支付工伤医疗费用或者无法确定第三人的～由工伤保险基金先行支付～当工伤保险基金先行支付后～有权向第三人行使追偿权。 针对本条的内容～行使追偿权需要满足以下要件:第一～必须是第三人的原因造成工伤的。也就是说～第三人的行为poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 与职工的工伤损害之间具有因果关系。实践中多见于第三人的行为侵犯了劳动者的合法权益并造成损害的情形。第二～必须是工伤医疗费用依法应当由第三人负担。基于侵权法基本原理～工伤职工的生命、身体、健康受到损害就医发生的医疗费用就应当由第三人承担损害赔偿责任。第三～第三人不支付工伤医疗费用或者无法确定第三人的。此种情况下～就面临着工伤劳动者医疗费用支付的问题～很可能由于第三人不支付工伤医疗费用或者无法确定第三人而无人支付医疗费用导致工伤劳动者的医疗权益无法得到保障。第四～工伤保险基金已经先行支付。这是使追偿成为现实可能的必要条件。只有当工伤保险基金已经实际进行支付后～才能向最终责任人第三人追偿。追偿的目的一方面是为了追究制裁或者说不放纵第三人的违法行为～另一方面还在于弥补由于工伤保险基金的支付而给基金造成的损失。对前者而言～如果工伤保险基金不向第三人追偿～无异于鼓励纵容第三人的侵权行为～使原本应当承担责任的第三人免于民事赔偿等责任～由此可能会导致法律秩序的混乱甚至社会的动荡不安。对于后者而言～第三人实质上为最终责任人～工伤基金的支付使得基金遭受相应损失～当缺口达到一定程度时～就可能对真正需要救治的患者无法支付相应的医疗费用而影响救治～即造成患者对第三人行为买单的后果。基于此～本法规定工伤保险基金的追偿权～以对第三人做出负面评价～保障poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 基金的充盈及维护工伤职工的合法权益。 [案例] 第三人的原因造成工伤的～存在由工伤保险基金先行支付的可能性 某地有家纺织企业～其会计李某在一次下班回家的路上跟当地一个小混混方某起了争执～方某于是怀恨在心～总是想报复一下这家纺织企业的会计李某。2010年3月18日～方某纠集了当地几个小混混～要他们跟自己一起去教训一下李某。结果这几个小混混刚到纺织企业大门口时～就被纺织企业的门卫胡某拦下来了。门卫胡某经盘问认为这几个人是来无理取闹的～于是不允许他们进入。争吵中～几个小混混把纺织企业的门卫胡某打伤～之后有路人报警～这几个小混混才纷纷作鸟兽散～逃到外地。后来～方某等人被警抓获归案～但是经查方某等人无力支付门卫胡某的工伤医疗费用。 根据《工伤保险条例》第十四条第一款第三项的规定～“职工有下列情形之一的～应当认定为工伤～……,三,在工作时间和工作场所内～因履行工作 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx 受到暴力等意外伤害的……”～因此本案中纺织企业的门卫胡某构成工伤是无异议的。但问题是～方某等当地几个小混混已经逃往外地～找寻不见～后来虽然被警察抓获归案～但是经查方某等人无力支付相应的工伤医疗费用～而门卫胡某又急等着治疗。从《社会保险法》第四十二条的规定来看～“由于第三人的原因造成工伤～第三人不支付工伤医疗费用或者无法确定第三poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 人的～由工伤保险基金先行支付。工伤保险基金先行支付后～有权向第三人追偿”～所以～纺织企业的门卫胡某的工伤医疗费用可以由工伤保险基金先行支付后～来解决治疗和康复的问题。接下来～工伤保险基金先行支付后～有权向第三人方某等当地几个小混混进行追偿～一方面用来弥补由于工伤保险基金的支付而给基金造成的损失,当然～此种损失最终能否弥补则是另一个问题,～另一方面是对方某等侵权责任人的行为进行否定性评价。 黎建飞简介: 法学博士～教授～博士生导师～中国劳动法研究会常务理事～劳动和社会保障部全国境外就业专家组顾问～中国社会保障论坛特聘专家。现任中国人民大学残疾人事业发展研究院副院长～劳动法和社会保障法研究所所长～保险法、海商法研究所主任。已出版《立法学》、《劳动法的理论与实践》、《劳动法热点事例评说》、《劳动法与社会保障法》、《中国残疾人劳动权益的法律保障与完善》、《劳动 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 法辅导读本》、《社会保障法》等数项著译。多次参与有关部门《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》、《就业促进法》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》、《社会保险法》等立法的研讨活动～提出修改意见并发 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 相关专题文章。 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor