红外图谱分析方法大全（Atlas of infrared spectrometry）

红外图谱分析方法大全（Atlas of infrared spectrometry） 红外图谱分析方法大全(Atlas of infrared spectrometry) Resolution of infrared spectrogram Analysis of infrared spectra (1) firstly, according to the spectra, the type of compound carbon framework is deduced, and the unsaturation is calculated according to the molecular formula. Formula: non saturation = F+1+ (T-O) /2 Among them: F: valence atomic number 4 valence (C atoms); T: valence atomic number 3 valence (N atoms); O: the number of atoms of 1 valence valence (H atoms). F, T, and O are the initials of English 4,3 1, so you won't forget it For example, for example, benzene (C6H6), unsaturation = 6+1+ (0-6), /2 = 4, 3 double bonds, plus a ring, exactly 4 Degree of unsaturation. (2) analyzing the 3300~2800cm^-1 region Regional region Regional C-H extension Stretch Stretching vibration absorption Shrinkage vibration absorption absorption vibration absorption Contraction vibration absorption, ,, In order to. In order to Take 3000 cm^-1 as the boundary Bounded For the world, ,, Higher than Higher than Higher than 3000cm^-1 Unsaturated carbon Unsaturated carbon is unsaturated carbon Stretching vibration absorption of unsaturated carbon C-H Telescopic vibration, absorption, expansion, vibration absorption Stretching vibration absorption, ,, There may be ene It is possible that ene is possible It could be ene, ,, And alkynes Alkyne alkyne Alkyne, ,, Aromatic compounds Aromatic compounds Aromatic compounds? Do you You, ,, And below Below but below Below 3000cm^-1 General general commonly Saturation Saturation is saturation Saturable vibration absorption for saturated C-H Telescopic vibration, absorption, expansion, vibration absorption Stretching vibration absorption. .. . (3) if it is slightly higher than At a slightly higher than, if slightly above If absorbed at slightly higher than 3000cm^-1 Absorption and absorption Absorption, ,, It should be Should be in, should be in It should be in the 2250~1450cm^-1 frequency band Frequency region Frequency domain analysis of unsaturated carbon carbon bonds Stretching vibration absorption characteristic peaks, among which: Alkyne Alkyne alkyne Alkyne- - - 2200~2100 cm^-1 Ene Tricyclene Alkene- - - 1680~1640 cm^-1 Aromatic ring Huanfang aromatic ring Aromatic ring- - - 1600, ,, 1580, ,, 1500, ,, 1450 cm^-1 If it has been identified as an alkene or an aromatic compound, the fingerprint region should be further resolved cry of wild geese That is, the frequency range of the 1000~650cm^-1 The frequency region of a frequency domain The frequency band is used to determine Number and location of substituents (CIS, trans, ortho, inter, pair). (4) carbon skeleton type determination, and then according to other functional groups, such as C=O, O-H, C-N and other characteristics of absorption to determine combination Functional groups of matter. (5) we should pay attention to the correlation peaks describing each functional group when analyzing, so as to accurately determine the existence of functional groups, such as Ultimate Reality Such as 2820, ,, , 2720 and And And the three peaks of 1750~1700cm^-1 The three peaks of the three peaks The three peaks, ,, Indicating the existence of an aldehyde group Indicating the existence of an aldehyde group indicating the existence of an aldehyde group Indicating the existence of an aldehyde group. The process of analysis is basically like this, as regards the system And the use of infrared spectroscopy software, general organic experiment books have a more detailed introduction. Two, remember the commonly used health values 1. alkanes 3000-2850 cm-1 C-H Telescopic Telescopic Stretching vibration Vibration and vibration Vibration 1465-1340 cm-1 C-H bending vibration Bending vibration bending vibration Generally, saturated hydrocarbons C-H stretch at 3000 cm-1 Below, close to 3000 cm-1 frequency absorption. 2. olefins 3100~3010 cm-1 olefin Olefin Olefin C-H stretching Telescopic Telescopic 1675 ~ 1640 cm - 1 c = c 伸缩 伸缩伸缩 伸缩 烯烃c - h面外弯曲振动 (1000 ~ 675cm ^ 1). 3.炔烃 2250 ~ 2100 cm - 1 c cc c? ?? ?c伸缩振动 伸缩振动伸缩振动 伸缩振动 3300 cm - 1 附近 附近附近 附近 炔烃 炔烃炔烃 炔烃c - h伸缩振动 伸缩振动伸缩振动 伸缩振动 4.芳烃 3100 ~ 3000 cm - 1 芳环上 芳环上芳环上 芳环上c - h伸缩振动 伸缩振动伸缩振动 伸缩振动 1600 ~ 1450 cm - 1 c = c 骨架振动 骨架振动骨架振动 骨架振动 880 ~ 680 cm - 1 c h 面外弯曲振动 面外弯曲振动面外弯曲振动 面外弯曲振动) 芳香化合物重要特征 芳香化合物重要特征芳香化合物重要特征 芳香化合物重要特征: :: : 一般在 一般在一般在 一般在1600, ,, , (1580) ,, , 1500和 和和 和1450 cm - 1 可能出现 可能出现可能出现 可能出现强度不等 强度不等强度不等 强度不等的 的的 的4个峰. 880 ~ 680 cm - 1 c h面外弯曲振动吸收, 依苯环上取代基个数和位置不同而发生变 化, 在芳香化合物红外谱图分析中, 常常用此频区的吸收判别异构体. 5.醇和酚 醇和酚醇和酚 醇和酚 主要特征吸收是o - h和 和和 和c - o的伸缩振动吸收. 3650 ~ 3600 cm - 1 自由羟基 自由羟基自由羟基 自由羟基o - h的伸缩振动 的伸缩振动的伸缩振动 的伸缩振动, ,, , 为尖锐的吸收峰 为尖锐的吸收峰为尖锐的吸收峰 为尖锐的吸收峰 3500 ~ 3200 cm - 1 分子间氢键 分子间氢键分子间氢键 分子间氢键o - h伸缩振动 伸缩振动伸缩振动 伸缩振动, ,, , 为 为为 为宽的吸收峰 宽的吸收峰宽的吸收峰 宽的吸收峰 1300 ~ 1000 cm - 1 c o 伸缩振动 伸缩振动伸缩振动 伸缩振动 769 - 659 cm - 1 o - h 面外弯曲 面外弯曲面外弯曲 面外弯曲 6.醚 醚醚 醚 1300 ~ 1000 cm - 1 伸缩振动 (特征吸收) 1150 ~ 1060 cm-1 一个强的吸收峰 - - 脂肪醚 1270 ~ 1230 cm - 1 (为ar - o伸缩); 1050 ~ 1000 cm - 1 (为r - o伸缩) - - 芳香醚的两个c - o伸缩振动吸收 7.醛和酮 醛和酮醛和酮 醛和酮 1750 ~ 1700 cm - 1 醛基c = o伸缩 (特征吸收) - - 醛 28202720 cm - 1 醛基c - h伸缩 - - 醛 1715 cm - 1 (强峰) 酮基c = o伸缩振动 - - 脂肪酮, 如果羰基与烯键或芳环 共轭会使吸收频率降低 8.羧酸 羧酸羧酸 羧酸 3300 ~ 2500 cm - 1 (宽 & 强) o - h伸缩吸收 1720 ~ 1706 cm - 1 c = o 吸收 1320 ~ 1210 cm - 1 c o 伸缩 920 cm - 1 成键的o - h键的面外弯曲振动 - - 羧酸二聚体 9.酯 1750 ~ 1735 cm - 1 饱和脂肪族酯 (除甲酸酯外) 的c = o 吸收谱带 1210 ~ 1163 cm - 1 饱和酯c - c (= o) - o谱带 (为强吸收) 10.胺: 3500 ~ 3100 cm - 1 n - h 伸缩振动吸收 1350 ~ 1000 cm - 1 c - n Stretching vibration absorption, N-H deformation vibration equivalent to CH2 shear vibration mode, The absorption band is in 1640~1560 cm-1 Out of plane bending vibration at 900~650 cm-1. 11. nitriles; spectral characteristics of nitriles The triple bond stretching region, with weak to moderate absorption. 2260-2240 cm-1 Aliphatic nitrile 2240-2222 cm-1 Aromatic nitrile 12. amide 3500-3100 cm-1 N-H Stretching vibration 1680-1630 cm-1 C=O Stretching vibration 1655-1590 cm-1 N-H bending vibration 1420-1400 cm-1 C-N Telescopic 13. organic halides C-X, retractable, aliphatic 1400-730 cm-1 : C-F; 850-550 cm-1:C-Cl; 690-515 cm-1:C-Br; 600-500 cm-1:C-I Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies (characteristic infrared absorption frequency) Characteristic infrared absorption frequency characteristic infrared absorption frequency Characteristic infrared absorption frequency) Bond, Compound, Type, Frequency, range / cm-1 C-H Alkanes 2960-2850 (s) stretch 1470-1350 (V) scissoring and bending CH3 Umbrella Deformation 1380 (M-W) - Doublet - isopropyl, t-butyl C-H Alkenes 3080-3020 (m) stretch 1000-675 (s) bend C-H Aromatic Rings 3100-3000 (m) stretch Phenyl Ring Substitution Bands 870-675 (s) bend Phenyl Ring Substitution Overtones 2000-1600 (W) - fingerprint region C-H Alkynes 3333-3267 (s) stretch 700-610 (b) bend C=C Alkenes 1680-1640 (m, w) stretch C = C Alkynes 2260-2100 (W, SH) stretch C=C Aromatic Rings 1600, 1500 (W) stretch C-O, Alcohols, Ethers, Carboxylic Acids, Esters 1260-1000 (s) stretch C=O, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters 1760-1670 (s) stretch O-H Monomeric - Alcohols, Phenols 3640-3160 (s, BR) stretch Hydrogen-bonded - Alcohols, Phenols 3600-3200 (b) stretch Carboxylic acids 3000-2500 (b) stretch N-H Amines 3500-3300 (m) stretch 1650-1580 (m) bend C-N Amines 1340-1020 (m) stretch C = N Nitriles 2260-2220 (V) stretch NO2 Nitro Compounds 1660-1500 (s) asymmetrical stretch 1390-1260 (s) symmetrical stretch How to analyze infrared spectrogram How to analyze infrared spectra and how to analyze infrared spectra How to analyze infrared spectrogram One one by one A, ,, Preliminary knowledge Prepare knowledge; prepare knowledge Preliminary knowledge (1) the formula of unsaturation is calculated according to the molecular formula: Saturation Omega Omega Omega Omega = = = = n NN N4 Forty-four 4+1+ (n +1+ (n+1+ (n) +1+ (N3 Thirty-three 3- - -n NN N1 Eleven 1) /2 /2)) /2 /2) where: N4: valence atomic number 4 valence (C atoms), N3: valence atomic number 3 valence (mainly N atoms), N1: the number of atoms of 1 valence valence (mainly H, X atoms) (2) analysis of the 3300~2800cm-1 region of C-H stretching vibration absorption; in 3000 cm-1 was higher than 3000cm-1 for unsaturated carbon C-H stretching vibration absorption, it may be alkene, alkyne, aromatic compounds; and low The 3000cm-1 is generally saturated with C-H stretching vibration absorption; (3) if the absorption is slightly higher than 3000cm-1, the unsaturated carbon should be analyzed in the 2250~1450cm-1 frequency region The stretching vibration absorption characteristic peaks of carbon bonds, in which alkyne 2200~2100, cm-1, ene, 1680~1640, cm-1, Fang If the ring 1600158015001450 cm-1 has been identified as an alkene or an aromatic compound, further analysis should be taken The area of the stria, i.e., the frequency region of the 1000~650cm-1, determines the number and location of the substituent (CIS, trans, adjacent, and inter), Yes.); (4) after determination of carbon skeleton type, the functional groups of compounds can be determined according to the absorption characteristics of functional groups; (5) the correlation peaks describing each functional group should be paid attention to in the analysis, so as to determine the existence of functional groups accurately In the three peaks such as 28202720 and 1750~1700cm-1, the presence of the aldehyde group is explained. Two 22 Two, ,, Remember the value of health Remember your values and memorize your values Memorize health values 1. alkanes: C-H stretching vibrations (3000-2850cm-1), C-H flexural vibrations (1465-1340cm-1) Generally saturated hydrocarbons C-H stretching below 3000cm-1, close to the frequency absorption of 3000cm-1. 2. olefins: olefins C-H stretching (3100~3010cm-1), C=C stretching (1675~1640, cm-1), olefins, C-H Out of plane bending vibration (1000~675cm-1). 3.: C-H stretching alkyne alkyne (near 3300cm-1), triple bond stretching vibration (2250~2100cm-1). 4. aromatic hydrocarbon: C-H stretching vibration on aromatic ring, 3100~3000cm-1, C=C, skeleton vibration 1600~1450cm-1, C-H Out of plane bending vibration 880~680cm-1. Important characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons: 4 peaks may occur at 160015801500 and 1450cm-1 intensities. C-H bending vibration absorbs 880~680cm-1 and varies with the number and location of substituents on the benzene ring In the analysis of infrared spectra of aromatic compounds, the commonly used isomers are identified. 5. alcohols and phenols: the main characteristic absorption is the stretching vibration absorption of O-H and C-O, Stretching vibration of free hydroxyl O-H: 3650~3600cm 3650~3600cm3650~3600cm 3650~3600cm- - -1, 1,1, 1, for sharp absorption peaks A sharp absorption peak for the sharp absorption peak For sharp absorption peaks, ,, , O-H stretching vibration of intermolecular hydrogen bonds: 3500~3200cm 3500~3200cm3500~3200cm 3500~3200cm- - -1 Eleven 1, for the broad absorption peak; C-O stretching vibration: 1300~1000 1300~10001300~1000 1300~1000cm-1, O-H out of plane bending: 769-659cm-1 6. 6. 6. Characteristic absorption of 6. ethers Ether characteristic absorption ether characteristic absorption Characteristic absorption of ether: :: : 1300~1000cm 1300~1000cm1300~1000cm 1300~1000cm- - -1 11 1 stretching vibration The stretching vibration of a telescopic vibration Stretching vibration, Aliphatic ether: 1150~1060cm-1 a strong absorption peak Aromatic ether: 1270~1230cm-1 (Ar-O) and 1050~1000cm-1 (R-O) Seven 7.7. 7. aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes and ketones, aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes and ketones: :: : Characteristic absorption of aldehydes: 1750~1700cm-1 (C=O) and 28202720cm-1 (aldehyde group C-H) Aliphatic ketone: 1715cm-1, a strong C=O stretching vibration absorption, if the carbonyl group with olefinic bonds or aromatic ring conjugate will attract Frequency reduction 8. carboxylic acid: carboxylic acid two polymer Carboxylic acid, two, carboxylic acid, two polymer Carboxylic acid two dimer: :: : 3300~2500cm 3300~2500cm3300~2500cm 3300~2500cm- - -1 11 1 broad and strong Wide and strong; wide and strong A wide and strong O OO O- - -H HH H telescopic absorption Telescopic absorption Telescopic absorption 1720~1706cm-1 C=O telescopic absorption 1320~1210cm-1 C-O telescopic absorption, 920cm-1 is the bonding of the O-H bond to the out of plane bending vibration 9. ester: C=O absorption band of saturated fatty acid ester (except formic acid): 1750~1735cm-1 region Saturated ester C-O band: 1210~1163cm-1 region is strongly absorbed 10. amines: N NN N- - -H H H H stretching vibration absorption Telescopic vibration, absorption, expansion, vibration absorption Stretching vibration absorption 3500~3100 cm 3500~3100 cm3500~3100 cm 3500~3100 cm- - -1 Eleven 1; C CC C- - -N N N N stretching vibration absorption Telescopic vibration, absorption, expansion, vibration absorption Stretching vibration absorption 1350~1000 cm 1350~1000 cm1350~1000 cm 1350~1000 cm- - -1 Eleven 1; N-H deformation vibration is equivalent to the shear vibration absorption of CH2: 1640~1560cm-1; flexural vibration absorption outside 900~650cm-1. 11.: three nitrile stretching region, with weak to moderate absorption Aliphatic nitrile 2260-2240cm-1 aromatic nitrile 2240-2222cm-1 12. amide: 3500-3100cm-1, N-H, stretching vibration, 1680-1630cm-1, C=O, stretching vibration 1655-1590cm-1 N-H bending vibration 1420-1400cm-1 C-N telescopic 13. organic halides Organic halides Organic halide: :: Aliphatic Aliphatic aliphatic Aliphatic C CC C- - -X X X X telescopic Telescopic Telescopic: C-F, 1400-730, cm-1, C-Cl, 850-550, cm-1, C-Br, 690-515, cm-1, C-I 600-500, cm-1 Three 33 Three, ,, Infrared spectrum song Infrared spectrum song Infrared spectrum song Infrared can be divided into far, middle, near, middle red characteristic fingerprint area, 1300 to demarcation, pay attention to cross axis division. Look at the infrared instrument and make sure the state is solid and liquid. Sample origin, sample preparation, physical and chemical properties are related. Learn to map before learning saturated hydrocarbons Learn the map first, learn the saturated hydrocarbon map, learn the saturated hydrocarbon first Learn to map before learning saturated hydrocarbons, ,, Three thousand, see the following form Three thousand see below three thousand at peak peak Three thousand see the following form. Two thousand nine hundred and sixty Twenty-nine million six hundred and two thousand nine hundred and sixty 2960, ,, 2870 Twenty-eight million seven hundred and two thousand eight hundred and seventy 2870 is methyl Methyl is methyl Methyl, ,, 2930 Twenty-nine million three hundred and two thousand nine hundred and thirty 2930, ,, 2850 Twenty-eight million five hundred and two thousand eight hundred and fifty 2850 methylene peak Methylene peak Methylene peak. 1470 hydrocarbon bend, 1380 methyl. Two methyl, one carbon Two methyl, one carbon, two methyl, one carbon Two methyl, one carbon, ,, 1380 Thirteen million eight hundred and one thousand three hundred and eighty 1380 second Half is divided into two parts Two points. In plane swing 720, long chain armour can also distinguish. Hydrogen stretches three thousand The alkene extends three thousand, and the hydrogen extends three thousand The alkene extends over three thousand, eliminating frequency doubling and halogenated hydrocarbons. The terminal alkene, this peak is strong, only one hydrogen is not obvious. Compound, and bond bias, ~ 1650 will appear. It is easy to deform the surface of alkene It is easy to deform the surface of hydrogen and hydrogen, and the surface of hydrogen is easy to deform outside It is easy to deform the surface of alkene, ,, 1000 Ten million and one thousand Strong peaks below 1000 There are strong peaks below strong peaks There are strong peaks below. 910 terminal hydrogen, another hydrogen 990. CIS two, hydrogen 690, trans to 970; Single hydrogen peak 820, interference type is difficult to determine. Alkyne hydrogen stretching three thousand and three hundred Alkyne hydrogen extends three thousand and three hundred alkyne and hydrogen extends three thousand and three hundred Acetylenic hydrogen stretching three thousand and three hundred, peak intensity peak The peak intensity of peak peak intensity peak The peak intensity and peak Large and large Large and pointed Sharp Tip. Triple bond stretching Three three stretch stretch Triple extension 2200 Twenty-two million two thousand and two hundred 2200, ,, , Alkyne hydrogen oscillation Acetylene, hydrogen, wobble, hydrogen, wobble Alkyne hydrogen wobble 680 Six hundred and eighty thousand six hundred and eighty 680. Aromatics breathe very much Aromatic hydrocarbons breathe very aromatic hydrocarbons and breathe very much Aromatic respiration is very special Don't stop Don't, ,, 1600 Sixteen million one thousand and six hundred 1600 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1430 Fourteen million three hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty 1430, ,, 1650 Sixteen million five hundred and one thousand six hundred and fifty 1650 ~ ~ ~ ~ 2000 Twenty million and two thousand 2000, the way of substitution is distinct. Nine hundred Nine hundred thousand and nine hundred 900 ~ ~ ~ ~ 650 Six hundred and fifty thousand six hundred and fifty 650, ,, Surface deflection of fixed hydrogen Out of plane bending, determination of aromatic hydrogen, external bending, determination of hydrogen Out of plane bend determination of hydrogen. .. . Five hydrogen absorption has two peaks Five hydrogen absorption has two peaks, and five hydrogen absorption has two peaks Five hydrogen absorption has two peaks, ,, 700. Seven hundred thousand and seven hundred 700 and And And 750 Seven hundred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty 750; ;; ; Four hydrogen only Four hydrogen is only four hydrogen only Four hydrogen is only 750 Seven hundred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty 750, ,, Two hydrogen adjacent Two hydrogen is adjacent to two hydrogen Two hydrogen adjacent 830 Eight hundred and thirty thousand eight hundred and thirty 830; between two replaced the three peaks Substitution between three peaks and two peaks instead of two out of three peaks Substitution of two between three peaks, ,, 700. Seven hundred thousand and seven hundred 700, ,, 780 Seven hundred and eighty thousand seven hundred and eighty 780, ,, 880. Eight hundred and eighty thousand eight hundred and eighty 880 isolated hydrogen Isolated hydrogen at isolated hydrogen Isolated hydrogen Alcohol, phenol and hydroxyl groups are easy to associate with Alcohols, phenols and hydroxyl groups are easy to associate with alcohol and hydroxyl groups are easy to associate with Alcohol, phenol and hydroxyl groups are easy to associate with, ,, There are strong peaks in three thousand and three hundred places Three thousand and three hundred strong peaks, three thousand and three hundred strong peaks There are strong peaks in three thousand and three hundred places. C O stretching absorption, easy to distinguish between brothers based. One thousand and fifty Ten million five hundred and one thousand and fifty 1050 primary alcohol significant Primary alcohol Tertiary alcohol, ,, 1100 Eleven million one thousand and one hundred 1100 is Zhong But Zhong Zhong Zhong Zhong Zhong he, ,, , One thousand one hundred and fifty Eleven million five hundred and one thousand one hundred and fifty 1150 tertiary alcohol in Tertiary alcohols in tertiary alcohols Tertiary alcohol in, ,, 1230 Twelve million three hundred and one thousand two hundred and thirty 1230 is phenol Phenols are phenols It's phenol. 1110 ether chain extension, note the removal of ester acid alcohol. If it is closely linked to the pi bond, the two absorption must be observed, 1050 symmetric peaks, 1250 antisymmetric. Benzene ring if methoxy group If the benzene ring has a methoxy benzene ring, if there is methoxy group Benzene ring if methoxy group, ,, Hydrocarbon stretching Hydrocarbon stretching Hydrocarbon stretching 2820 Twenty-eight million two hundred and two thousand eight hundred and twenty 2820. .. . Methylene two benzene ring, 930 strong peaks, three peaks of ethylene oxide, 1260 ring vibration, Nine hundred up and down, symmetrical, about eight hundred of the most characteristics. Acetal ketone, special ethers, 1110 non ketal. The anhydride also has a C - O bond, with open chain anhydrides distinguished from open chain peaks of one thousand and one hundred and cyclic anhydride to 1250. Carbonyl stretching one thousand and seven hundred Carbonyl stretching one thousand and seven hundred carbonyl stretching one thousand and seven hundred Carbonyl stretching one thousand and seven hundred, ,, 2720 Twenty-seven million two hundred and two thousand seven hundred and twenty 2720 definite aldehyde group Aldehyde group Fixed aldehyde group. .. . The wave number of the electric absorption effect is high Absorption effect, wave number, high absorption effect, high wave number The wave number of the electric absorption effect is high, ,, The conjugate moves to the low frequency The conjugate moves to the low frequency and the conjugate to the low frequency The conjugate moves to the low frequency. .. . The tension causes the vibration to be fast, and the outer ring double bond can be analog. Two thousand and five hundred Twenty-five million two thousand and five hundred 2500 to To To 3300 Thirty-three million three thousand and three hundred 3300, ,, The peak width of hydrogen bond, carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid hydrogen bond became wider carboxylic acid hydrogen bond peak width Carboxylic acid hydrogen bond peak width, ,, 920. Nine hundred and twenty thousand nine hundred and twenty 920, ,, Blunt peaks Blunt peaks at blunt peaks Obtuse peak Show Show, ,, Carboxylic acid, two carboxylic acid Carboxyl group can be determined two carboxylic acid, carboxyl group can be determined two poly acid Carboxylic acid two carboxylic acid, ,, , Qianbalai anhydride coupling, Shuangfeng 60 strictly separated, high frequency cyclic anhydride anhydride chain, high frequency and weak. Carboxylate, even connate, carbonyl stretching out of Shuangfeng, 1600 antisymmetric, 1400 symmetrical peaks. 1740 ester carbonyl, Ho acid can see carbon and oxygen exhibition. One thousand one hundred and eighty Eleven million eight hundred and one thousand one hundred and eighty 1180 formic acid ester Formate formate Formate, ,, 1190 Eleven million nine hundred and one thousand one hundred and ninety 1190 is propionic acid Propionic acid is propionic acid Propionic acid, ,, , One thousand two hundred and twenty Twelve million two hundred and one thousand two hundred and twenty 1220 acetate Acetate acetates Acetate, ,, 1250 Twelve million five hundred and one thousand two hundred and fifty 1250 aromatic acid Aromatic acid Aromatic acid. .. . One thousand and six hundred Sixteen million one thousand and six hundred 1600 rabbit ear peak Rabbit ear peak rabbit ear peak Rabbit ear peak, ,, Usually two formic acid Often adjacent to benzene, two formic acid, often adjacent to benzene, two formic acid Usually two formic acid. .. . Hydrogen and nitrogen stretching Nitrogen and hydrogen stretching, hydrogen and hydrogen stretching Hydrogen and hydrogen stretching 3400 Thirty-four million three thousand and four hundred 3400, one peak per hydrogen is distinct Each hydrogen peak is distinct, each hydrogen peak is distinct Each hydrogen peak is distinct. Carbonyl extended amide I, 1660 has strong peaks; N - H deformation of amide II, 1600 brothers. Primary amines are high in frequency and easy to overlap, sec -, solid - 1550; Carbon and nitrogen extended amide III, 1400 strong peaks. The amine tip often interferes with the N H stretching three thousand and three hundred, Tertiary amines, no peaks, secondary amines, single primary amines, small and sharp Shuangfeng. 1600 hydrocarbon aromatic amines 1500 partial bend. Shake about eight hundred or so, make sure it's salt. Stretch bending near the primary amine three thousand strong interaction, peak width, Secondary amine, tertiary amine salt, 2700 can be resolved, imides, more poor, only about 2000 of the visible. Large absorption of nitro elasticity Large nitro absorption, large nitro absorption, large absorption Large absorption of nitro elasticity, ,, The linked groups can be made clear The connecting groups can make clear the connecting groups The linked groups are clear. .. . One thousand three hundred and fifty Thirteen million five hundred and one thousand three hundred and fifty 1350, ,, 1500 Fifteen million one thousand and five hundred 1500, ,, Symmetric anti symmetric It is divided into symmetric antisymmetric and symmetric antisymmetric Symmetric anti symmetric. A salt of amino acids, 3100 ~ 2100 peak width. 1600, 1400 acid exhibition, 1630, 1510 carbon bending. Sodium chloride, carboxyl group, sodium salt protein three thousand and three hundred. The mineral composition is confused and the vibrational spectrum is far red. Ammonium salts are simpler and less absorption peaks. Note hydroxyl water and ammonium. First, take a few common salt: 1100 is sulfate, 1380 nitrate, 1450 see phosphate carbonate, about one thousand. Silicate, a wide peak, 1000, really spectacular. Qinxuekulian practice, infrared spectrum recognition is not difficult