2017年托福阅读理解练习题《体内荷尔蒙》[Word文档]

2017年托福阅读理解练习 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 《体内荷尔蒙》[Word文档] 2017年托福阅读理解练习题《体内荷尔蒙》 本文档格式为WORD,感谢你的阅读。 最新最全的 学术论文 期刊文献 年终 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 年终 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 工作总结 关于社区教育工作总结关于年中工作总结关于校园安全工作总结关于校园安全工作总结关于意识形态工作总结 个人总 结 述职报告 实习报告 单位总结 演讲稿 2017年托福阅读理解练习题《体内荷尔蒙》 托福的难度较大，尤其是阅读理解，这对考生的词汇与理 解能力要求较高。下面就为大家送上一篇2017年托福阅读理 解练习题。 Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas. Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere. As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system. Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual”s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging. In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots— dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives. Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits. 27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) desire (B) origin (C) science (D) chemical 28. The word it in the passage refers to (A) secretin (B) small intestine (C) bloodstream (D) pancreas 29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) remembered (B) surprised (C) invented (D) motivated 30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must (A) be part of the digestive process (B) influence the operations of the nervous system (C) affect processes in a different part of the body (D) regulate attitudes and behavior 31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to (A) whether scientists understand their function (B) how frequently they release hormones into the body (C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process (D) whether they secrete chemicals into the blood Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [ rarr;] 32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) misunderstood (B) precise (C) significant (D) simple 33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) sudden (B) small (C) changing (D) noticeable 34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body. (B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are. (C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage. (D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people”s psychology and actions extensively. 35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to (A) decreased (B) advertised (C) prescribed (D) researched 36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone? (A) Adults of smaller statue than normal (B) Adults with strong digestive systems (C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment (D) Children who may remain abnormally small 37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy? These sentences are highlighted in the passage. (A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging. (B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. (C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. (D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. 38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren”t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. 39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine. Answer Choices The term hormone is based on a Greek word that means quot;to excite quot; or quot;to set in motion. quot;Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it. Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion. Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women. Answer Keys Reading: 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. third square 39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system-----. 2) Hormones can affect not only life processes---- -.. 3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of -----. 阅读相关文档:2016年雅思考试考生须知 2016最新雅思考试 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 2016年1月9日雅思考试口语考题 2016年雅思大作文评分标准详解 2017年必备经济类的雅思词汇 经济类雅思高频词汇有哪些 2017年6月雅思考试必备经济类词汇 常见的雅思考试经济类词汇 盘点经济类雅思词汇 2017年上半年雅思口语考试话题预测练习 2017年6月雅思口语考试预测话题及回答 2017年上半年雅思口语考试话题范文 2017广西统计师考试报名时间 新手如何备考2017年统计师考试 2017年中级统计师考试统计实务财务统计知识 贵州2017年统计师考试报名时间 2017年初、中级统计师考试报名条 最新最全【学术论文】【总结报告】 【演讲致辞】【领导讲话】 【心得体会】 【党建材料】 【常用范文】【分析报告】 【应用文档】 免费阅读下载 *本文若侵犯了您的权益，请留言。我将尽快处理，多谢。*