ISO1183-1非泡沫塑料密度的测定

ReferencenumberISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO1183-1Firstedition2004-02-01Plastics—Methodsfordeterminingthedensityofnon-cellularplastics—Part1:Immersionmethod,liquidpyknometermethodandtitrationmethodPlastiques—Méthodesdedéterminationdelamassevolumiquedesplastiquesnonalvéolaires—Partie1:Méthodeparimmersion,méthodedupycnomètreenmilieuliquideetméthodepartitrageCopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)PDFdisclaimerThisPDFfilemaycontainembeddedtypefaces.InaccordancewithAdobe'slicensingpolicy,thisfilemaybeprintedorviewedbutshallnotbeeditedunlessthetypefaceswhichareembeddedarelicensedtoandinstalledonthecomputerperformingtheediting.Indownloadingthisfile,partiesacceptthereintheresponsibilityofnotinfringingAdobe'slicensingpolicy.TheISOCentralSecretariatacceptsnoliabilityinthisarea.AdobeisatrademarkofAdobeSystemsIncorporated.DetailsofthesoftwareproductsusedtocreatethisPDFfilecanbefoundintheGeneralInforelativetothefile;thePDF-creationparameterswereoptimizedforprinting.EverycarehasbeentakentoensurethatthefileissuitableforusebyISOmemberbodies.Intheunlikelyeventthataproblemrelatingtoitisfound,pleaseinformtheCentralSecretariatattheaddressgivenbelow.©ISO2004Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO'smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCasepostale56•CH-1211Geneva20Tel.+41227490111Fax+41227490947E-mailcopyright@iso.orgWebwww.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandii©ISO2004–AllrightsreservedCopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004–AllrightsreservediiiContentsPageForeword............................................................................................................................................................iv1Scope......................................................................................................................................................12Normativereferences...........................................................................................................................13Termsanddefinitions...........................................................................................................................24Conditioning..........................................................................................................................................25Methods..................................................................................................................................................35.1MethodA—Immersionmethod..........................................................................................................35.2MethodB—Liquidpyknometermethod............................................................................................55.3MethodC—Titrationmethod..............................................................................................................66Correctionforbuoyancyinair.............................................................................................................77Testreport..............................................................................................................................................8AnnexA(informative)LiquidsystemssuitableforuseinMethodC............................................................9CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)iv©ISO2004–AllrightsreservedForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.ThemaintaskoftechnicalcommitteesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ISO1183-1waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC61,Plastics,SubcommitteeSC5,Physical-chemicalproperties.Togetherwiththeotherparts(seebelow),thispartofISO1183cancelsandreplacesISO1183:1987,whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.ISO1183consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitlePlastics—Methodsfordeterminingthedensityofnon-cellularplastics:Part1:Immersionmethod,liquidpyknometermethodandtitrationmethodPart2:DensitygradientcolumnmethodPart3:GaspyknometermethodCopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved1Plastics—Methodsfordeterminingthedensityofnon-cellularplastics—Part1:Immersionmethod,liquidpyknometermethodandtitrationmethodWARNING—TheuseofthispartofISO1183mayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operationsorequipment.ThispartofISO1183doesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.ItistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthispartofISO1183toestablishappropriatehealthandsafetypracticesandtodeterminetheapplicabilityofanyregulatorylimitationspriortouse.1ScopeThispartofISO1183specifiesthreemethodsforthedeterminationofthedensityofnon-cellularplasticsintheformofvoid-freemouldedorextrudedobjects,aswellaspowders,flakesandgranules.MethodA:Immersionmethod,forsolidplastics(exceptforpowders)invoid-freeform.MethodB:Liquidpyknometermethod,forparticles,powders,flakes,granulesorsmallpiecesoffinishedparts.MethodC:Titrationmethod,forplasticsinanyvoid-freeform.NOTEThispartofISO1183isapplicabletopelletsaslongastheyarevoid-free.Densityisfrequentlyusedtofollowvariationsinphysicalstructureorcompositionofplasticmaterials.Densitymayalsobeusefulinassessingtheuniformityofsamplesorspecimens.Oftenthedensityofplasticmaterialswilldependuponthechoiceofspecimenpreparationmethod.Whenthisisthecase,precisedetailsofthespecimenpreparationmethodwillhavetobeincludedintheappropriatematerialspecification.Thisnoteisapplicabletoallthreemethods.2NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO31-3,Quantitiesandunits—Part3:MechanicsISO291:1997,Plastics—StandardatmospheresforconditioningandtestingISO472:1999,Plastics—VocabularyCopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)2©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved3TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO472andthefollowingapply.3.1massquantityofmattercontainedinabodyNOTEItisexpressedinkilograms(kg)orgrams(g).3.2apparentmassmassofabodyobtainedbymeasuringitsweightusinganappropriatelycalibratedbalanceNOTEItisexpressedinkilograms(kg)orgrams(g).3.3densityρtheratioofthemassmofasampletoitsvolumeV(atthetemperaturet),expressedinkg/m3,kg/dm3(g/cm3)orkg/l(g/ml)NOTEThefollowingterms,baseduponISO31-3,aregivenhereforclarification.Table1—DensitytermsTermSymbolFormulationUnitsDensityρm/Vkg/m3kg/dm3(g/cm3)kg/l(g/ml)SpecificvolumeνV/m(=1/ρ)m3/kgdm3/kg(cm3/g)l/kg(ml/g)4ConditioningThetestatmosphereshallbeinaccordancewithISO291.Ingeneral,conditioningspecimenstoconstanttemperatureisnotrequired,becausethedeterminationitselfbringsthespecimentotheconstanttemperatureofthetest.Specimenswhichchangeindensityduringthetesttosuchanextentthatthechangeisgreaterthantherequiredaccuracyshallbeconditionedpriortomeasurementinaccordancewiththeapplicablematerialspecification.Whenchangesindensitywithtimeoratmosphericconditionsaretheprimarypurposeofthemeasurements,thespecimensshallbeconditionedasdescribedinthematerialspecificationand,ifnomaterialspecificationexists,thenasagreeduponbytheinterestedparties.CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved35Methods5.1MethodA—Immersionmethod5.1.1Apparatus5.1.1.1Analyticalbalanceorinstrumentspecificallydesignedformeasurementofdensity,accurateto0,1mg.NOTEAnautomaticallyoperatinginstrumentmaybeused.Thecalculationofdensitymaybedoneautomaticallyusingacomputer.5.1.1.2Immersionvessel:abeakerorotherwide-mouthedcontainerofsuitablesizeforholdingtheimmersionliquid.5.1.1.3Stationarysupport,e.g.apanstraddle,toholdtheimmersionvesselabovethebalancepan.5.1.1.4Thermometer,graduatedat0,1°Cintervals,coveringtherange0°Cto30°C.5.1.1.5Wire(ifrequired),corrosion-resistant,ofdiameternotgreaterthan0,5mm,forsuspendingspecimensintheimmersionliquid.5.1.1.6Sinker,ofsuitablemasstoensurecompleteimmersionofthespecimen,forusewhenthedensityofthespecimenislessthanthatoftheimmersionliquid.5.1.1.7Pyknometer,withaside-armoverflowcapillary,fordeterminingthedensityoftheimmersionliquidwhenthisliquidisnotwater.Thepyknometershallbeequippedwithathermometergraduatedat0,1°Cintervalsfrom0°Cto30°C.5.1.1.8Liquidbath,capableofbeingthermostaticallycontrolledtowithin±0,5°C,foruseindeterminingthedensityoftheimmersionliquid.5.1.2ImmersionliquidUsefreshlydistilledordeionizedwateroranothersuitableliquidcontainingnotmorethan0,1%ofawettingagenttohelpinremovingairbubbles.Theliquidorsolutionwithwhichthespecimencomesintocontactduringthemeasurementshallhavenoeffectonthespecimen.Thedensityofimmersionliquidsotherthandistilledwaterneednotbemeasuredprovidedtheyareobtainedfromanaccreditedsourceandareaccompaniedbycertificate.5.1.3SpecimensSpecimensmaybeinanyvoid-freeformexceptforpowder.Theyshallbeofaconvenientsizetogiveadequateclearancebetweenthespecimenandtheimmersionvesselandshouldpreferablyhaveamassofatleast1g.Whencuttingspecimensfromlargersamples,properequipmentshallbeusedtoensurethatthecharacteristicsofthematerialdonotchange.Thesurfaceofthespecimenshallbesmoothandfreefromcavitiestominimizetheentrapmentofairbubblesuponimmersionintheliquid,otherwiseerrorswillbeintroduced.5.1.4Procedure5.1.4.1Weighthespecimeninairwhilesuspendedwithawireofmaximumdiameter0,5mm.Weighspecimensofmasslessthanorequalto10gtothenearest0,1mg.Weighthoseofmassgreaterthan10gtothenearest1mg.Recordthemassofthespecimen.CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)4©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved5.1.4.2Immersethespecimen,stillsuspendedbythewire,intheimmersionliquid(5.1.2),containedintheimmersionvessel(5.1.1.2)onthesupport(5.1.1.3).Thetemperatureoftheimmersionliquidshallbe23°C±2°C(or27°C±2°C).Removeanyadheringairbubbleswithafinewire.Weightheimmersedspecimentothenearest0,1mg.Ifthemeasurementiscarriedoutinatemperature-controlledroom,thetemperatureofthewholeapparatus,includingtheimmersionliquid,shallbewithintherange23°C±2°C(or27°C±2°C).5.1.4.3Ifnecessary,determinethedensityofimmersionliquidsotherthanwaterasfollows.Weighthepyknometer(5.1.1.7)emptyandthencontainingfreshlydistilledordeionizedwateratatemperatureof23°C±0,5°C(or27°C±0,5°C).Weighthesamepyknometer,aftercleaninganddrying,filledwiththeimmersionliquid[alsoatatemperatureof23°C±0,5°C(or27°C±0,5°C)].Usetheliquidbath(5.1.1.8)tobringthewaterandimmersionliquidtothecorrecttemperature.CalculatethedensityρIL,ingramspercubiccentimetre,oftheimmersionliquidat23°C(or27°C),usingtheequation:ILILWWmmρρ=×(1)wheremIListhemass,ingrams,oftheimmersionliquid;mWisthemass,ingrams,ofthewater;ρWisthedensity,ingramspercubiccentimetre,ofwaterat23°C(or27°C).5.1.4.4CalculatethedensityρS,ingramspercubiccentimetre,ofthespecimenat23°C(or27°C),usingtheequation:S,AILSS,AS,ILmmmρρ×=−(2)wheremS,Aistheapparentmass,ingrams,ofthespecimeninair;mS,IListheapparentmass,ingrams,ofthespecimenintheimmersionliquid;ρIListhedensityoftheimmersionliquidat23°C(or27°C),ingramspercubiccentimetre,asstatedbythesupplierordeterminedasspecifiedin5.1.4.3.Forspecimenshavingadensitylessthanthatoftheimmersionliquid,thetestmaybeperformedinexactlythesamewayasdescribedabove,withthefollowingexception:asinkerofleadorotherdensematerialisattachedtothewire,suchthatthesinkerrestsbelowtheliquidlevel,asdoesthespecimen,duringimmersion.Thesinkermaybeconsideredasapartofthesuspensionwire.Inthiscase,theupthrustexertedbytheimmersionliquidonthesinkershallbeallowedforbyusingthefollowingequation,ratherthanEquation(2),tocalculatethedensityofthespecimen:S,AILSS,AK,ILS+K,ILmmmmρρ×=+−(3)wheremK,IListheapparentmass,ingrams,ofthesinkerintheimmersionliquid;mS+K,IListheapparentmass,ingrams,ofthespecimenandsinkerintheimmersionliquid.CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved5Thebouyancyofthesuspensionwireinairisnormallyconsideredtobenegligible,butforcorrectionforairbouyancyseeClause6.5.1.4.5Performthetestonaminimumofthreespecimensandcalculatethemeanresulttothreedecimalplaces.5.2MethodB—Liquidpyknometermethod5.2.1Apparatus5.2.1.1Balance,accurateto0,1mg.5.2.1.2Stationarysupport(see5.1.1.3).5.2.1.3Pyknometer(see5.1.1.7).5.2.1.4Liquidbath(see5.1.1.8).5.2.1.5Dessicator,connectedtoavacuumsystem.5.2.2ImmersionliquidAsspecifiedin5.1.2.5.2.3SpecimensSpecimensofpowders,granulesorflakesshallbemeasuredintheforminwhichtheyarereceived.Thespecimenmassshallbeintherangeof1gto5g.5.2.4Procedure5.2.4.1Weighthepyknometer(5.2.1.3)emptyanddry.Weighasuitablequantityoftheplasticmaterialinthepyknometer.Coverthetestspecimenwithimmersionliquid(5.2.2)andremovealltheairbyplacingthepyknometerinthedesiccator(5.2.1.5)andapplyingavacuum.Breakthevacuumandalmostcompletelyfillthepyknometerwithimmersionliquid.Bringittoconstanttemperature[23°C±0,5°C(or27°C±0,5°C)]intheliquidbath(5.2.1.4)andthencompletefillingexactlytothelimitofthecapacityofthepyknometer.Wipedryandweighthepyknometerwiththespecimenandimmersionliquid.5.2.4.2Emptyandcleanthepyknometer.Fillitwithdeaerateddistilledordeionizedwater,removeanyremainingairasabove,anddeterminethemassofthepyknometeranditscontentsatthetemperatureoftest.5.2.4.3Repeattheprocesswiththeimmersionliquidifanimmersionliquidotherthanwaterwasused,anddetermineitsdensityasspecifiedin5.1.4.3.5.2.4.4CalculatethedensityρS,ingramspercubiccentimetre,ofthespecimenat23°C(or27°C),usingthefollowingequation:SILS12mmmρρ×=−(4)wheremSistheapparentmass,ingrams,ofthespecimen;m1istheapparentmass,ingrams,oftheliquidrequiredtofilltheemptypyknometer;CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)6©ISO2004–Allrightsreservedm2istheapparentmass,ingrams,oftheliquidrequiredtofillthepyknometercontainingthespecimen;ρIListhedensityoftheimmersionliquidat23°C(or27°C),ingramspercubiccentimetre,asstatedbythesupplierordeterminedasspecifiedin5.1.4.3.5.2.4.5Performthetestonaminimumofthreespecimensandcalculatethemeanresulttothreedecimalplaces.5.3MethodC—Titrationmethod5.3.1Apparatus5.3.1.1Liquidbath(see5.1.1.8).5.3.1.2Glasscylinder,ofcapacity250ml.5.3.1.3Thermometer,graduatedat0,1°Cintervals,witharangesuitableformeasuringthetesttemperatureused.5.3.1.4Volumetricflask,capacity100ml.5.3.1.5Flat-tippedglassrodstirrer.5.3.1.6Burette,capacity25ml,ofadesignwhichenablesittobekeptintheliquidbath(5.3.1.1),capableofdispensing0,1mlportionsofliquid.5.3.2ImmersionliquidsRequiredaretwomiscibleliquidsofdifferentdensities.Oneshallhaveadensityjustbelowthatofthetestmaterialandtheotheradensityhigherthanthatofthetestmaterial.DensitiesofvariousliquidsaregiveninAnnexAasaguide.Ifnecessary,carryoutarapidpreliminarytestinafewmillilitresoftheliquid.Theliquidwithwhichthespecimencomesintocontactduringthemeasurementshallhavenoeffectonthespecimen.5.3.3SpecimensSpecimensshallbeinasuitablevoid-freeform.5.3.4Procedure5.3.4.1Bymeansofthevolumetricflask(5.3.1.4),accuratelymeasure100mlofthelessdenseimmersionliquid(see5.3.2)intotheclean,dry250mlglasscylinder(5.3.1.2).Putthecylinderintotheliquidbath(5.3.1.1)controlledat23°C±0,5°C(or27°C±0,5°C).5.3.4.2Placethepiecesofthetestspecimeninthecylinder.Theyshallfalltothebottomandbefreeofairbubbles.Allowthecylinderanditscontentstostabilizeatthebathtemperature,stirringatintervals.NOTEItisrecommendedthatthethermometer(5.3.1.3)bekeptpermanentlyintheliquid.Thismakesitpossibletocheckthatthermalequilibriumisattainedatthetimeofmeasurementand,inparticular,thattheheatofdilutionhasbeendissipated.5.3.4.3Whenthetemperatureoftheliquidis23°C±0,5°C(or27°C±0,5°C),addthemoredenseimmersionliquidmillilitrebymillilitrefromtheburette(5.3.1.6).Stirtheliquidaftereachadditionbymeansoftheglassrod(5.3.1.5),heldvertically,andavoidproducingairbubbles.Aftereachadditionofthemoredenseliquidandmixing,observethebehaviourofthepiecesoftestspecimen.CopyrightInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithISONotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--``,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO1183-1:2004(E)©ISO2004–Allrightsreserved7Atfirst,theywillfallrapidlytothebottombut,asmoreofthemoredenseliquidisadded,theirrateoffallwillbecomeslower.Atthispoint,addthemoredenseliquidin0,1mlamounts.Notethetotalamountofmoredenseliquidaddedwhenthelightestpiecesofspecimenbecomesuspendedwithintheliquid,attheleveltowhichtheyarebroughtbystirring,withoutmovingupordownforatleast1min.Atthispointinthetitration,notetheamountofmoredenseliquidrequired.Thedensityoftheliquidmixtureatthispointcorrespondstothelowerlimitofthedensityofthetestspecimen.Addmoreofthemoredenseliquiduntiltheheaviestpiecesofspecimenremainataconstantlevelwithintheliquidforatleast1min.Notetheamountofmoredenseliquidrequired.Foreachpairofliquids,establishtherelationshipbetweentheamountofmoredenseliquidaddedandthedensityoftheresultingmixture,andplottherelationshipintheformofagraph.Thedensityoftheliquidmixtureateachpointonthegraphcanbedeterminedbyapyknometermethod.6CorrectionforbuoyancyinairWhereweighingsaremadeinair,thevaluesofthe“apparentmasses”obtainedshallbecorrectedtocompensatefortheeffectoftheairbuoyancyonthespecimenandonanyweightsused.Thiswillbethecaseiftheaccuracyoftheresultsistobebetween0,2%and0,05%.ThetruemassmT,ingrams,