职称英语等级考试辅导

2008年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试辅导 　　讲授内容： 　　Ⅰ.07年试题分析、08年方向预测、各部分做题要点整理 　　Ⅱ.教材重点内容划定 　　Ⅲ.阅读理解要点整理 　　Ⅳ.考试中做题时间分配、做题顺序及各题分值要求 　　 第一部分　词汇 　　07年测试情况分析：　教材原题　教材以外　教材改写　　超级　　是否新增词 　　A级：　　　　　　　　5　　　　　9　　　　1　　　　5（C）　　 是 　　B级：　　　　　　　　10　　　　 3　　　　2　　　　10（C）　　是 　　C级：　　　　　　　　6　　　　　7　　　　2　　　　　0　　　　是 　　特点： 　　1.三个专业共用一套大纲词汇；三个专业同一级别的该项测试题相同； 　　2.教材上的词汇测试有“向下兼容”的倾向； 　　3. 考查的词汇均在大纲要求的范围内； 　　4.出自教材以外的词汇测试题为阅读文章中常见词汇。 　　应对： 　　1.教材中08年的新增词汇，即第一组和第六组词汇，应重点记忆； 　　2.掌握“教材词汇扩充”； 　　3.一本好的词典使做题既省时又准确。 第二部分　阅读判断 　　考查目标：识别和判断信息的能力。 Scotland: A Land of Wisdom （B、C） 　　In the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization." （1）That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education. 　　According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modern world itself. He argues that（2）Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world. 　　It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动）,which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.（3）Before that, philosophy was mainly conceded with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself. 　　Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit. 　　Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method-the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other. 　　Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.（5）It also has wide applications. He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful through peace, trade and invention. 　　 　　（6）Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago, the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin（构成……的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation（方向）. 　　1.Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102101：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　2.According to Arthur Herman, the Scots developed many important ideas which modern life depends on. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102102：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　3.Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102103：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　4.David Hume was the first philosopher to study mankind. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102104：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　5.Smith's idea has extensive applications. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102105：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　6.Our current theories of human exchange and enquiry have nothing to do with the ideas developed during the Scottish Enlightenment. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102106：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　7.Smith died in 1800. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102107：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C Creating a World without Smoking （A） 　　（1）Smoking will be banned in all pubs, clubs and workplaces from next year after historic votes in the Commons last night. After last-minute appeals from health campaigners, MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start in summer 2007, ending months of argument over whether smokers should be barred in pubs and restaurants only. They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by 384 to 184, a surprisingly large majority of 200. 　　 （3）Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to be homes, such as prisons, care homes and hotels. 　　Smokers lighting up in banned areas will face a fixed penalty notice of ￡50 and spot fines of ￡200 will be introduced for failing to display no-smoking signs, with the possible penalty, if the issue goes to court, increasing to ￡1,000. 　　Carpline Flint, the Public Health Minister, also announced that the fine for failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to ￡2,500-more than ten times the ￡200 originally proposed. 　　（4）The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes. Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18. 　　The Bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess. 　　Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown out as MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience rather than on a party line. 　　Patricia Hewitt, the Health Secretary, said the Health Bill would ban smoking in" virtually every enclosed public place and workplace" in England and save thousands of lives a year. Smoke-free workplaces and public places" will become the norm". 　　She said: "An additional 600,000 people will give up smoking as a result of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke." 　　Peter Hollins, director-general of the British Heart Foundation, said: "The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country and will save the lives of many people." 　　1.A ban on smoking in all pubs, clubs and workplaces will begin in summer 2007. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102108：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　2.The law doesn't seem to apply to officials. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102109：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 3.One can nevertheless smoke at home. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102110：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　4.There is a possibility for the Government to raise the age for buying cigarettes. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102111：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　5.The Government will shut down cigarette factories in large numbers. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102112：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　6.The Government will definitely impose a much heavier tax on tobacco. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102113：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　7.The Government will take necessary measures to help smokers give up smoking. 　　A.Right　　　　B.Wrong　　　　C.Not mentioned 　　【答疑编号20102114：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　特点： 　　1.B、C级为同一篇文章； 　　2.测试文章均出自教材以外； 　　3.为综合类文章； 　　4.测试点突出； 　　5.三种选项的出现概率: A:2—3个； B:3—2个，C:2—3个 　　应对： 　　1.从动词左右各圈1-2个关键词（形容词/专有名词/名词等）,将关键词代入原文定位； 　　2.抓住原文所在句的谓语动词翻译成中文, 将题目中的谓语动词翻译成中文进行对比. 　　3.判断依据： 　　RIGHT： 　　1）长的简单句； 　　2）原句经同义词改写. 　　3）may, might, perhaps, probably, unlikely, likely to do, seem 　　WRONG或NOT MENTIONED:否定/数字/数词/代词/时间/比较/最高级/原因/条件/目的/only,must,all,everyone,always,extremely,too,any, sure/复合句 　　NOT MENTIONED: 　　1.题目所述信息原文中没有； 　　2.题目叙述过于详细； 　　3.利用上述方法先做出3题,在保证做对的情况下选其它字母。 第三部分　概括大意与完成句子 　　考查目标: 概括段落大意的能力及寻找细节的能力. Ceasing to Wear Ties （C） 　　1 It's useless. It's dirty. It spreads disease.（5）That's why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties. 　　2 That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate. 　　3 Ties have an odd history.（6）Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries（雇佣军）in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats（围巾）, these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie. 　　 　　4 It's an interesting story, but it doesn't tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification（身份证明）.（7）In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments（团）, sports clubs, schools and gentleman's clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain's most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class-the business class. 　　5 You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery. So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world. 　　6 Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. （8）Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties. 　　1.Paragraph 2　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103101：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　2.Paragraph 3　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103102：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　3.Paragraph 4　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103103：针对该题提问】 　　答案：E 　　4.Paragraph 6　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103104：针对该题提问】 　　答案：F 　　A　Origin of the tie 　　B　British ties 　　C　Uselessness of the tie 　　D　Old-fashioned ties 　　E　Role of the tie 　　F　Signs of a tieless era 　　5.The British Medical Association suggested that 　　. 　　【答疑编号20103105：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　6.Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers　　. 　　【答疑编号20103106：针对该题提问】 　　答案：E 　　7.People wore different ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that 　　. 　　【答疑编号20103107：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　8.British Prime Minister Tony Blair is a man 　　. 　　【答疑编号20103108：针对该题提问】 　　答案：D 　　A　they were workmen 　　B　they were members of different organizations 　　C　hospital doctors stop wearing ties 　　D　who does not always wear a tie 　　E　who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 17th century 　　F　who does not want to live like a king Things to Know about the UK（B、A） 　　1 From Buckingham Palace to Oxford,（5）the UK is loaded with wonderful icons（标志）of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It's now better known for vibrant（充满活力的）cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping-the UK is among the world's best. 　　2 Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you're one of these people, you'd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the（6）English people as humorous and hospitable. It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK. 　　3 Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget（廉价的）airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route,（7）coaches are more expensive （though quicker）than buses. London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance（个体的）drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London's underground is called the Tube. It's very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. 　　4 The UK is not famous for its food.（8）But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. 　　5 Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart club wear, while pubbing is much more casual. 　　1.Paragraph 2　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103109：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　2.Paragraph 3　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103110：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　3.Paragraph 4　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103111：针对该题提问】 　　答案：E 　　4.Paragraph 5　　　　. 　　【答疑编号20103112：针对该题提问】 　　答案：F 　　A　Education 　　B　People 　　C　Transport 　　D　Drinks 　　E　Food 　　F　Nightlife 　　5.The UK is a country that is　　. 　　【答疑编号20103113：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　6.The British people are　　. 　　【答疑编号20103114：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　7.Coaches in the UK are　　. 　　【答疑编号20103115：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　8 Fish and chips are　　. 　　【答疑编号20103116：针对该题提问】 　　答案：E 　　A　faster but more expensive than buses 　　B　both ancient and modern 　　C　humorous and hospitable 　　D　cheap and efficient 　　E　traditional and famous 　　F　clever and hardworking 　　特点： 　　1.为综合类文章； 　　2.均出自教材以外的文章； 　　3.A、B级测试文章为同一篇文章； 　　4.概括大意部分多用同义词替换原段落主题词； 　　5.完成句子部分定位特征明显。 　　应对： 　　概括大意： 　　1.重点阅读：标题；指定段落的首句、第二句和尾句； 段落中频繁出现的词（名词/动名词/形容词/副词）； 　　2.掌握答案特点：借用段中词 词性转换 同义词替换 全段中心概括 　　（概括词包括: way, use, definition, culture, history, explanation, finding, relationship, type, effect, factor, clue, comparison, significance, benefit, importance, composition, advantage, comment, contrast, basics, measure, action, indication, classification, criticism, effort, feature, characteristic, discovery, description, difference, association, birth, means, origin, conclusion） 　　3.数单词个数法：选项中与段落中的吻合词最多的为答案； 　　4.概括大意概率最多选项：BCEF； 　　完成句子： 　　1.带专有名词、数字、比较级/最高级、原因、长句子的题目先做； 　　2.没有上述特征词的题目，关注其名词、名词短语、长的介词短语、形容词（但标题中的主题词不能考虑）； 　　3.利用“反查”方法：从选项中选出有特征的选项，回归文章定位； 　　4.其它做不出来的题目选相反的字母填上； 　　5.完成句子概率最多的选项：ABCE。 第四部分　阅读理解 　　考查目标：应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。 　　07年试题：教材原文　　新增文章　　串级　　 试卷 云南省高中会考试卷哪里下载南京英语小升初试卷下载电路下试卷下载上海试卷下载口算试卷下载 篇章顺序　　问题改变　　答案改变　　答案顺序改变 　　综合A： 　　是 　　　　　是 　　　 C 　　　　　2 　　　　　　无 　　　　无 　　　　　　无 　　　　B： 　　是 　　　　　是 　　　 A 　　　　　2 　　　　　　无 　　　　1改简单 　　　 1 　　　　C： 　　是 　　　　　是 　　　 无　　　　　1 　　　　　　无　　　　无　　　　　　 无 　　教材上必须掌握的9篇重点文章： 　　1.Eat Healthy （A\B\C） 　　2.Silence Please （ A\B\C） 　　3.The Only Way Is Up （A\B\C） 　　4.Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends （A\B\C） 　　5.A Tale of Scottish Rural Life （A\B） 　　6.Who Wants to Live Forever? （A\B） 　　7.Who（Doesn’t）Let the Dogs Bark? （A） 　　8.The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight （A\B） 　　9.The Beginning of American Literature （A） 　　 Good Table Manners （C） 　　Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table. Here are some general rules: 　　Napkin（餐巾）use 　　The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin. This is your signal to do the same, so （1）place your napkin on your lap. Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin, or in half, lengthwise（纵向地）,if it is a large dinner napkin. 　　If you need to leave the table during the meal, place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning. Once the meal is over, place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate. Do not refold it. 　　（2）Use a napkin only for your mouth. Never use it for your nose, face or forehead. 　　Use of utensils（餐具） 　　（3）Start with the knife, fork or spoon furthest from your plate, and work your way in, using one utensil for each course. 　　If soup is served, remember to spoon away from yourself. This helps stop the drips. Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth. Instead, fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup, and sip（啜饮）it from the side noiselessly. 　　After finishing dinner, place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife a lade facing inward toward the plate. 　　Using your fingers 　　（4）Here's a list of finger foods: sandwiches, cookies, small fruits or berries with stems, French fries and potato chips, and hamburgers. 　　Chew（咀嚼）with your mouth closed and don't make noise; don't talk with your mouth full. 　　Bread must be broken with your hands. It is never cut with a knife. 　　Don't pick something out of your teeth. Instead, excuse yourself to the bathroom. 　　If possible, try not to cough at the table. 　　Do not put your elbows（肘）on the table. In France, it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time. 　　Do not put bones or anything else on the table. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate. 　　1.Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal? 　　A.On your chair. 　　B.On the table. 　　C.On your lap. 　　D.On your plate. 　　【答疑编号20104101：针对该题提问】 　　答案：C 　　2.The napkin is used only for 　　A.your forehead. 　　B.your mouth. 　　C.your nose. 　　D.your face. 　　【答疑编号20104102：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　3.Which utensil is used first? 　　A.The knife. 　　B.The fork. 　　C.The spoon. 　　D.The one farthest from the plate. 　　【答疑编号20104103：针对该题提问】 　　答案：D 　　4.All of the followings are finger foods except 　　A.soup. 　　B.sandwiches. 　　C.cookies. 　　D.hamburgers. 　　【答疑编号20104104：针对该题提问】 　　答案：A 　　5.Which of the following shows good table manners? 相当于TRUE题 　　A.Talking with your mouth full. 　　B.Putting bones on your plate. 　　C.Putting your elbows on the table. 　　D.Chewing with your month open. 　　【答疑编号20104105：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B A Debate on the English Language （C、B） 　　A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The US Senate passed two declarations last week.（1）One calls English the nation's official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying（统一的）”tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue. 　　Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can't understand why the issue is so controversial（有争议的）. 　　"（3）The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues," says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University." It's related to a worry about the changing demography（人口统计）of the US. It's a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.” 　　（2）In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation's founding. John Adams lobbied（游说）in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist（保皇主义者）attempt to define personal behavior. 　　Since then, the country hasn't had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on. 　　The emotions surrounding language resurface（再次浮现）not because people feel comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University. 　　"Language is never about language," he says. 　　According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report, （4）of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them, 6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don't speak English at all. 　　1.What are the two declarations concerned with? 　　A.The status of the English language. 　　B.The protection of new languages. 　　C.The rights to speak one's mother tongue. 　　D.The improvement of the English language. 　　【答疑编号20104106：针对该题提问】 　　2.Who suggested in the 18th century that English should be protected? 　　A.Walt Wolfram. 　　B.John Adams. 　　C.Royalists. 　　D.Dick Tucker. 　　【答疑编号20104107：针对该题提问】 　　答案：B 　　3.Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to? 　　A.The immigration issues. 　　B.The changing demography. 　　C.The worry about the new languages. 　　D.The US's military streng