2020年12月大学六级真题第1套及参考答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonwhystudentsshouldbeencouragedtodeveloptheabilitytomeetchallenges.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartHListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),fi),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Shehasnotreceivedanyletterfromtheman.C)Shehasfailedtoreachthemanageragain.B)Herclaimhasbeencompletelydisregarded.D)Herhousehasnotbeenrepairedintime.2.A)Theircaravanwaswashedawaybytheflood.B)Thegroundflooroftheircottagewasflooded.C)Theirentirehousewasdestroyedbytheflood.D)Theroofoftheircottagecollapsedintheflood.3.A)Thewoman’sfailuretopayherhouseinsuranceintime.B)Thewoman’sinaccuratedescriptionofthewholeincident.C)Thewoman’signoranceoftheinsurancecompany’spolicy.D)Thewoman’smisreadingoftheinsurancecompany’sletter.4.A)Revisethetermsandconditionsofthecontract.B)Consultherlawyerabouttheinsurancepolicy.C)TalktothemanagerofSafeHouseInsurance.D)Filealawsuitagainsttheinsurancecompany.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.B)Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmodemtechnology.C)TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAltechnology.D)TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAltechnology.6.A)Stimulatingandmotivating.B)SimplywritingAlsoftware.C)Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.D)Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.7.A)Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.B)Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.C)Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.D)Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.8.A)Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.C)Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.B)Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.D)Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Trytoearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.C)Saveone-fifthoftheirnetmonthlyincome.B)Investshrewdlyinlucrativebusinesses.D)Restrainthemselvesfromhigh-riskinvestments10.A)Cut20%oftheirdailyspending.C)Trytosticktotheirinitialplan.B)Askaclosefriendforadvice.D)Startbydoingsomethingsmall.11.A)Apropermindset.C)Anoptimisticattitude.B)Anambitiousplan.D)Akeeninterest.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.C)Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.B)Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.D)Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.13.A)Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.B)Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.C)Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.D)Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.14.A)Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.B)Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.C)Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.D)Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.15.A)Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.C)Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.B)Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.D)Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.C)Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.B)Theirobsessionwithconsumption.D)Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.17.A)Thingsthatwecherishmost.C)Thingsthatcostlessmoney.B)Thingsthatboostefficiency.D)Thingsthatareraretofind.18.A)Theyaremostlydurable.C)Theyservemultiplepurposes.B)Theyareeasilydisposable.D)Theybenefittheenvironment.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Allrespondentswereafraidofmakingahighexpenseclaim.B)Anumberofrespondentsgaveanaverageanswerof400miles.C)Mostoftherespondentsgotcompensatedfordriving384miles.D)Over10%oftherespondentsliedaboutthedistancetheydrove.20.A)Theyendeavoredtoactuallybehonest.C)Theycaredaboutotherpeople’sclaims.B)Theywantedtoprotecttheirreputation.D)Theyrespondedtocolleagues’suspicion.21.A)Theyseempositive.C)Theyseemintuitive.B)Theyareillustrative.D)Theyareconclusive.A®.202012£2Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.C)Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.B)Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.D)Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.23.A)Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.B)Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.C)Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.D)Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.24.A)Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.B)Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.C)Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.D)Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.25.A)Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.C)Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.B)Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.D)Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.PartI[ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections;Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theideaoftaxingthingsthatarebadforsocietyhasapowerfulallure.Itoffersthepossibilityofadoublebenefit—26___harmfulactivities,whilealsoprovidingthegovernmentwithrevenue.Takesintaxes.Taxesonalcoholmakeitmoreexpensivetogetdrunk,whichreducesexcessivedrinkingand27driving.Atthesametime,theyprovidestateandlocalgovernmentswithbillionsofdollarsofrevenue.Tobaccotaxes,whichgeneratemorethantwiceasmuch,haveproven28inthedeclineofsmoking,whichhassavedmillionsoflives.Taxescanalsobeanimportanttoolforenvironmentalprotection,andmanyeconomistssaytaxingcarbonwouldbethebestwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Economictheorysaysthatunlikeincomeorsalestaxes,carbontaxescanactuallyincreaseeconomicefficiency;becausecompaniesthat29___carbondioxideintotheskydon’tpaythecostsoftheclimatechangetheycause,carbontaxeswouldrestoretheproper30tothemarket.Inreality,carbontaxesalonewon’tbeenoughtohaltglobalwarming,buttheywouldbeausefulpartofanyclimateplan.What’smore,therevenuefromthistax,whichwould31___behundredsofbillionsofdollarsperyear,couldbehandedouttocitizensasa32orusedtofundgreeninfrastructureprojects.Similarly,awealthtaxhasbeenputforwardasawaytoreduceinequalitywhileraisingrevenue.Therevenuefromthistax,whichsomeexperts33willbeover$4trillionperdecade,wouldbedesignatedforhousing,childcare,healthcareandothergovernmentbenefits.Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatwealthinequalityis34bad,thenthesetaxesimprovesocietywhilealso35governmentcoffersA)discouragingF)imprisonedK)mergingB)dividendG)incentivesL)predictC)emotionalH)inherentlyM)probablyD)fragmentsI)initiallyN)pumpE)impairedJ)instrumentalO)swellingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheChallengesforArtificialIntelligenceinAgricultureA)AgroupofcomfarmersstandshuddledaroundanagronomistandhiscomputeronthesideofanirrigationmachineincentralSouthAfrica.Theagronomisthasjustflownoverthefieldwithahybridunmannedaerialvehicle(UAV)thattakesoffandlandsusingpropellersyetmaintainsdistanceandspeedforscanningvasthectaresoflandthroughtheuseofitsfixedwings.B)TheUAVisfittedwithafourspectralbandprecisionsensorthatconductsonboardprocessingimmediatelyaftertheflight,allowingfarmersandfieldstafftoaddress,almostimmediately,anycropabnormalitiesthatthesensormayhaverecorded,makingthedatacollectiontrulyreal-time.C)Inthisinstance,thefarmersandagronomistarelookingtospecializedsoftwaretogivethemanaccurateplantpopulationcount.It’sbeen10dayssincethecomemergedandthefarmerwantstodetermineifthereareanypartsofthefieldthatrequirereplantingduetoalackofemergenceorwinddamage,whichcanbesevereintheearlystagesofthesummerrainyseason.D)Atthisgrowthstageoftheplant’sdevelopment,thefarmerhasanother10daystoconductanyreplantingbeforethemajorityofhisfertilizerandchemicalapplicationsneedtooccur.Oncethesehavebeenapplied,itbecomeseconomicallyunviabletotakecorrectiveaction,makinganyfurthercollecteddatahistoricalandusefulonlytoinformfuturepracticesfortheseasontocome.E)Thesoftwarecompletesitsprocessinginunder15minutesproducingaplantpopulationcountmap.It’sdifficulttograspjusthowimpressivethisis,withoutunderstandingthatjustoverayearagoitwouldhavetakenthreetofivedaystoprocesstheexactsamedataset,illustratingtheadvancementsthathavebeenachievedinprecisionagricultureandremotesensinginrecentyears.WiththesoftwarehavingbeendevelopedintheUnitedStatesonthesamevarietyofcropsinseeminglysimilarconditions,theagronomistfeelsconfidentthatthesoftwarewillproduceanearaccurateresult.F)Asthemapappearsonthescreen,theagronomist’sfacebeginstodrop.Havingwalkedthroughtheplantedrowsbeforetheflighttogainaphysicalunderstandingofthesituationontheground,heknowstheinstantheseesthedataonhisscreenthattheplantcountisnotcorrect,andsodothefarmers,evenwiththeirlimitedunderstandingofhowtoreadremotesensingmaps.G)Hypothetically,itispossibleformachinestolearntosolveanyproblemonearthrelatingtothephysicalinteractionofallthingswithinadefinedorcontainedenvironmentbyusingartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning.H)Remotesensorsenablealgorithms(■$-?£•)tointerpretafield’senvironmentasstatisticaldatathatcanbeunderstoodandusefultofarmersfordecision-making.Algorithmsprocessthedata,adaptingandlearningbasedonthedatareceived.Themoreinputsandstatisticalinformationcollected,thebetterthealgorithmwillbeatpredictingarangeofoutcomes.Andtheaimisthatfarmerscanusethisartificialintelligencetoachievetheirgoalofabetterharvestthroughmakingbetterdecisionsinthefield.I)In2011,IBM,throughitsR&DHeadquartersinHaifa,Israel,launchedanagriculturalcloud­computingproject.Theproject,incollaborationwithanumberofspecializedITandagriculturalpartners,hadonegoalinmind—totakeavarietyofacademicandphysicaldatasourcesfromanagriculturalenvironmentandturntheseintoautomaticpredictivesolutionsforfarmersthatwouldassisttheminmakingreal-timedecisionsinthefield.J)InterviewswithsomeoftheIBMprojectteammembersatthetimerevealedthattheteambelieveditwasentirelypossibleto“algorithm”agriculture,meaningthatalgorithmscouldsolveanyproblemintheworld.Earlierthatyear,IBM’scognitivelearningsystem,Watson,competedinthegameJeopardyagainstformerwinnersBradRutterandKenJenningswithastonishingresults.Severalyearslater,Watsonwentontoproduceground-breakingachievementsinthefieldofmedicine.K)Sowhydidtheprojecthavesuchsuccessinmedicinebutnotagriculture?Becauseitisoneofthemostdifficultfieldstocontainforthepurposeofstatisticalquantification.Evenwithinasinglefield,conditionsarealwayschangingfromonesectiontothenext.There’sunpredictableweather,changesinsoilquality,andtheever-presentpossibilitythatpestsanddiseasesmaypayavisit.Growersmayfeeltheirprospectsaregoodforanupcomingharvest,butuntilthatdayarrives,theoutcomewillalwaysbeuncertain.L)Bycomparison,ourbodiesareacontainedenvironment.Agriculturetakesplaceinnature,amongecosystemsofinteractingorganismsandactivity,andcropproductiontakesplacewithinthatecosystemenvironment.Buttheseecosystemsarenotcontained.Theyaresubjecttoclimaticoccurrencessuchasweathersystems,whichimpactuponhemispheresasawhole,andfromcontinenttocontinent.Therefore,understandinghowtomanageanagriculturalenvironmentmeanstakingliterallymanyhundredsifnotthousandsoffactorsintoaccount.M)WhatmayoccurwiththesameseedandfertilizerprogramintheUnitedStates’MidwestregionisalmostcertainlyunrelatedtowhatmayoccurwiththesameseedandfertilizerprograminAustraliaorSouthAfrica.Afewfactorsthatcouldimpactonvariationwouldtypicallyincludethemeasurementofrainperunitofacropplanted,soiltype,patternsofsoildegradation,daylighthours,temperatureandsoforth.N)Sotheproblemwithdeployingmachinelearningandartificialintelligenceinagricultureisnotthatscientistslackthecapacitytodevelopprogramsandprotocolstobegintoaddressthebiggestofgrowers’concerns;theproblemisthatinmostcases,notwoenvironmentswillbeexactlyalike,whichmakesthetesting,validationandsuccessfulrolloutofsuchtechnologiesmuchmorelaboriousthaninmostotherindustries.O)Practically,tosaythatAlandMachineLearningcanbedevelopedtosolveallproblemsrelatedtoourphysicalenvironmentistobasicallysaythatwehaveacompleteunderstandingofallaspectsoftheinteractionofphysicalormaterialactivityontheplanet.Afterall,itisonlythroughourunderstandingof‘thenatureofthings’thatprotocolsandprocessesaredesignedfortherationalcapabilitiesofcognitivesystemstotakeplace.And,althoughAlandMachineLearningareteachingusmanythingsabouthowtounderstandourenvironment,wearestillfarfrombeingabletopredictcriticaloutcomesinfieldslikeagriculturepurelythroughthecognitiveabilityofmachines..P)Backedbytheventurecapitalcommunity,whichisnowinvestingbillionsofdollarsinthesector,mostagriculturaltechnologystartupstodayarepushedtocompletedevelopmentasquicklyaspossibleandthenencouragedtofloodthemarketasquicklyaspossiblewiththeirproducts.Q)Thisusuallyresultsinafailureofaproduct,whichleadstoskepticismfromthemarketanddeliversablowtotheintegrityofMachineLearningtechnology.Inmostcases,theproblemisnotthatthetechnologydoesnotwork,theproblemisthatindustryhasnottakenthetimetorespectthatagricultureisoneofthemostuncontainedenvironmentstomanage.Fortechnologytotrulymakeanimpactonagriculture,moreeffort,skills,andfundingisneededtotestthesetechnologiesinfarmers’fields.R)Thereishugepotentialforartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningtorevolutionizeagriculturebyintegratingthesetechnologiesintocriticalmarketsonaglobalscale.Onlythencanitmakeadifferencetothegrower,whereitreallycounts.36.Farmerswillnotprofitfromreplantingoncetheyhaveappliedmostofthefertilizerandotherchemicalstotheirfields.37.Agriculturediffersfromthemedicalscienceofthehumanbodyinthatitsenvironmentisnotacontainedone.A&2020*pl2£538.Theagronomistissurethathewillobtainanearaccuratecountofplantpopulationwithhissoftware.39.Theapplicationofartificialintelligencetoagricultureismuchmorechallengingthantomostotherindustries.40.EventhefarmersknowthedataprovidedbytheUAVisnotcorrect.41.Thepressureforquickresultsleadstoproductfailure,which,inturn,arousesdoubtsabouttheapplicabilityofAltechnologytoagriculture.42.Remotesensorsareaimedtohelpfarmersimprovedecision-makingtoincreaseyields.43.Thefarmerexpectsthesoftwaretotellhimwhetherhewillhavetoreplantanypartsofhisfarmfields.44.Agricultureprovesverydifficulttoquantifybecauseoftheconstantlychangingconditionsinvolved.45.Thesameseedandfertilizerprogrammayyieldcompletelydifferentoutcomesindifferentplaces.SectionCDirections;Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatistheplaceofartinacultureofinattention?RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.Muchofthattime,forsomeofthem,isspenttakingphotographsnotevenofthepaintingbutofthemselveswiththepaintinginthebackground.Oneviewisthatwehavedemocratisedtourismandgallery-goingsomuchthatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.Inthisoversubscribedsociety,experiencebecomesacommoditylikeanyother.TherearequeuestoclimbMt.JolmoLungmaaswellastoseefamouspaintings.Leisure,thusconceived,ishardlabour,andreturningtoworkbecomesawell-earnedbreakfromtheordeal.Whatgetslostinthisindustrialisedhasteisthequalityoflooking.Consideranextremeexample,thelatephilosopherRichardWollheim.WhenhevisitedtheLouvrehecouldspendasmuchasfourhourssittingbeforeapainting.Thefirsthour,heclaimed,wasnecessaryformisperceptionstobeeliminated.Itwasonlythenthatthepicturewouldbegintodiscloseitself.Thisseemsunthinkabletoday,butitisstillpossibletoorganise.Eveninthebusiestmuseumstherearemanyroomsandmanypicturesworthhoursofcontemplationwhichthecrowdslargelyignore.Sometimesthelargestcrowdsarepartlytheproductsofbadmanagement;theMonaLisaissuchahurriedexperiencetodaypartlybecausethemuseumisbeingreorganised.TheUffiziinFlorence,anothersiteofculturalpilgrimage,hascutitsentryqueuesdowntosevenminutesbyclevermanagement.Andtherearesomeformsofart,thosedesignedtobespectaclesaswellasobjectsofcontemplation,whichcanworkperfectlywellinthefaceofhugecrowds.OlafurEliasson’scurrentTateModernshow,forinstance,mightseemnothingmorethananentertainment,overrunasitiswithkidsrompinginfogroomsandspraymistinstallations.Butit’smorethanthat:whereEliassonisathismostentertaining,heisathismostserioustoo,andhisdisorientinginstallationsbringhometherealityofthedestructiveeffectswearehavingontheplanet—notleastwhatwearedoingtotheglaciersofEliasson’sbelovedIceland.MarcelProust,anotherloveroftheLouvre,wrote-“Itisonlythroughartthatwecanescapefromourselvesandknowhowanotherpersonseestheuniverse,whoselandscapeswouldotherwisehaveremainedasunknownasanyonthemoon.”Ifanyartremainsworthseeing,itmustleadustosuchescapes.Butaminuteinfrontofapaintinginahurriedcrowdwon’tdothat.46.WhatdoesthesceneattheLouvredemonstrateaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theenormousappealofagreatpieceofartisticworktotourists.B)Thenearimpossibilityofappreciatingartinanageofmasstourism.2020126C)Theever-growingcommercialvalueoflong-cherishedartisticworks.D)Therealdifficultyingettingaglimpseatamasterpieceamidacrowd.47.WhydidthelatephilosopherRichardWollheimspendfourhoursbeforeapicture?A)Ittakestimetoappreciateapieceofartfully.B)Itisquitecommontomisinterpretartisticworks.C)Thelongerpeoplecontemplateapicture,themorelikelytheywillenjoyit.D)Themoretimeonespendsbeforeapainting,themorevaluableonefindsit.48.WhatdoesthecaseoftheUffiziinFlorenceshow?A)Artworksinmuseumsshouldbebettertakencareof.B)Sitesofculturalpilgrimagearealwaysfloodedwithvisitors.C)Goodmanagementiskeytohandlinglargecrowdsofvisitors.D)Largecrowdsofvisitorscausemanagementproblemsformuseums.49.WhatdowelearnfromOlafurEliasson’scurrentTateModemshow?A)Childrenlearntoappreciateartworksmosteffectivelywhiletheyareplaying.B)Itispossibletocombineentertainmentwithappreciationofseriousart.C)Artworksabouttheenvironmentappealmosttoyoungchildren.D)Someformsofartcanaccommodatehugecrowdsofvisitors.50.WhatcanartdoaccordingtoMarcelProust?A)Enableustoliveamuchfullerlife.B)Allowustoescapetheharshreality.C)Helpustoseetheworldfromadifferentperspective.D)Urgeustoexploretheunknowndomainoftheuniverse.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everyfiveyears,thegovernmenttriestotellAmericanswhattoputintheirbellies.Eatmorevegetables.Dialbackthefats.It’sallbasedonthebestavailablescienceforleadingahealthylife.Butthebestavailablesciencealsohasalottosayaboutwhatthosefoodchoicesdototheenvironment,andsomeresearchersareannoyedthatnewdietaryrecommendationsoftheUSDA(UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)releasedyesterdayseemtoutterlyignorethatfact.Broadly,the2016-2020dietaryrecommendationsaimforbalancesMorevegetables,leanermeatsandfarlesssugar.ButAmericansconsumemorecaloriespercapitathanalmostanyothercountryintheworld.SothethingsAmericanseathaveahugeimpactonclimatechange.Soiltillingreleasescarbondioxide,anddeliveryvehiclesemitexhaust.Thegovernment’sdietaryguidelinescouldhavedonealottolowerthatclimatecost.Notjustbecauseoftheirpositionofauthority:Theguide