初中英语语法

初中英语语法黄羊川职业技术中学谢富斌动词的语态1．英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示主语是谓语动词的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如：AtalkonsciencewillbegiveninourschoolnextMonday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。2．被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词,或“动词＋介词”构成的及物动词短语。下面介绍动词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时　have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词1、TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John__,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse----Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去时态：was/were+过去分词4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he______on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe______tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_____inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework__________.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes___easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况中：1不知道动作的执行者是谁。ThiswatchismadeinChina.这块手表是在中国制造的。2没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。3需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。强调汉语的使用广泛4句子的主语是动作的承受者。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。　把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语,把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。　②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。　③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意注意①把主动语态改为被动语态时,句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例①,所给的主动句子是一般现在时,改为被动语态时,也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词,改为被动句时作介词by的宾语,要用宾格。如上例②中的主语he改为him。“双宾语”改被动语态,直接宾语物作主语,变被动语态后动词pass,bring,buy,show,send,give,cook等后要加介词.这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定；把指“人”的间接宾语变主语,则不用介词。①.Hegavemeabook.→变直接宾语加to.变间接宾语不加Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.②.Heshowedmeaticket.→Iwasshownaticketbyhim.Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.　　③.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.常见的双宾语动词：give,offer,pass,show,lend,send,bring,return,tell等用介词to;buy,make制作,mend,cook,sing,get等用for.5被动语态后动词形式的选择:主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。Hemakesthegirlstayathome.变为被动语态→Thegirlismadetostayathome.LastSundayweheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheatre.变为被动语态→TheywereheardtosingPekingOperainthattheatrelastSunday.使役动词和感观动词主被动语态 对照表 免费下载字号和pt对照表省市对照表下载尺码对照表下载、简繁体字对照表下载三体系对照表免费下载 主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo1.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.2.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.3.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.4.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.注意当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时,变为被动语态时,doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.主动Hewasseengoingintotheshop.被动第5部分巩固训练⑤.句型“主语+be+形容词+todo”,“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”,通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：easy,difficult,heavy,hard,nice,dangerous,important,expensive,fortable,impossible等。例如：Thepictureispleasanttolookat．Thechairisfortabletositon．Theworkisimpossibletofinish.Thequestionishardtoask.Themachineiseasytouse.注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时,要根据需要补充相应的介词。Thepenisfortabletowritewith.⑺.无被动语态的动词：不及物动词或短语无被动语态,常见的有：happen,takeplace,belongto,last持续,breakout爆发例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1990.误：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceheresince1990.TaiwanbelongstoChina.Themeetinglastedtwohours.会议持续了两小时。Whathappenedtohimlastnight昨晚他发生了什么事SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear.⑻.特殊形式的被动：get/havesth.done含被动找人做某事Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierce、十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired.Heshouldhavehishaircut.Let’sgettheworkdone.中考真题链接1.—IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.—Congratulations07’江西A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen2.TodayChinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.07’北京A.wasspoken  B.isspoken C.spoke D.speak3．课改实验区考生做07’重庆 —Yourhometownhaschangedalot． —Yes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.They______lastyear．   A.build B．built  C.wasbuilt D．werebuilt 非课改实验区考生做4.—Whyistheclassroomsodirty—Sorry,sir.It_______yesterday．Weforgottodoit．A.don’tclean B.didn’tclean C.weren’tcleanedD.wasn’tcleaned5.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.南京市中考题AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing6.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.北京市中考题Aaren’t,takeawayBtaken,awayCisn’t,takenawayDbe,takenaway7.He_________telltoreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.黄冈市中考题wastold8.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek济南市中考题——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态9.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.青岛市中考题10.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm上海市中考题TTheysentupwereplantedaregrown11.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldtoday.08重庆Chinese_______________bymoreandmoreforeignersintheworldnow.12.Dangerousdrivingcausesmanyaccidents,08临沂Manyaccidents___________________manydangerousdriving.13.Thetwinsateupallthebananasontheplate.08西宁Allthebananas___________upbythetwins.14.TeacherscanusecartoonstogiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.08济南Cartoons__________________togiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.isspokenarecausedbywereeatencanbeused15.MyunclesentmeaChristmaspresentlastyear.06重庆AChristmaspresent_____________mebymyunclelastyear.wassenttoExercise一、用所给动词的被动语态填空：1. Thechildren                                 allowtotakeatriptoHangzhoutomorrow.2. Twomuseums                      setupsincetwoyearsago.3. Thedoctormust               sendforatonce.4. Areadingcontest            holdinthereadingroomlastweek.5. Thewaterinthebasin脸盆should                   notusetowashyourface.6.AtthatmomentIsawher__________taketotheoperatingroom手术室.7. Attheaward-givingmeeting颁奖大会,they                   givethefirstprize.8. Mywatchdoesn’tworknow.It                   repairintheshop.are/wereallowedweresetnotbeusedtakenweregivenisbeingrepairedbesentwasheld9. Thesebottlesshouldn’t                         throwaway.Theycanstill                         recycleinsomeway.10.Allkindsofvegetables                         carrytothecitiesbytruckseverymorning.11. Afterthebuildingofthenewhouse                           finish,acelebration                     hold.12. Shedoesn’twant                            askinclass.13. French                         notteachinthisschoollastterm.14. Ihavethoughtofseveralroblems                            discussatthemeeting.15.Thebabies                              takegoodcareofbyagroupofbiggirls.16.Thisbook                          writebyafamouswriterabout50yearsago.17.Whethertogo                              notdecideyet.18. Agoodsuggestion                     just                        offerbyayoungteacher.bethrownberecycledarecarriedwasfinishedwasheldtobeaskedwasnottaughttobediscussedarebeing/weretakenwaswrittenhasn’tbeendecidedbeenofferedhas二、改写句子：1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs_________________________Russiansongsbyyou10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong_____________________byherThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung 1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．  A．arenotkept；willhaveto  B．arenotkept；have    C．donotkeep；willhaveto    D．donotkeep；haveto   2.Thefifthgenerationputers,____andperfectednow. A.developedB.havedeveloped C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped 3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．   ---Yes,italldependsontheweather．   A．I'vebeentold  B．I'vetold C．I'mtold    D．ItoldACA三、单项选择4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___. A.haspleted  B.pletes C.hasbeenpleted D.ispleted 5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture. A.cut    B.arecut C.arebeingcut   D.hadbeencut 6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.  A.hasbeendesigned        B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned    D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.  A.breaks    B.hasbroken C.wasbroken             D.hadbeenbroken DCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.   A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup 9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.   A.hadcosted B.costedC.iscostedD.cost 10.---LookEverythinghereisunderconstruction.      ---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for A.isbeingbuilt  B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilt   D.isbuilding 11.---Doyoulikethecloth     ---Yes,it___verysoft. A.isfeelingB.felt C.feels D.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese． A．write   B．towrite C．tobewritten   D．written 13.Ihavenomoreletters____,thankyou． A．totype       B．typing C．tobetyped   D．typed 14.TakecareDon’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily. A.won’twashout B.won’tbewashedout C.isn’twashedout D.isn’twashingout 15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___. A.beputup  B.giveinC.beturnedon  D.gooutBCAD16.Theputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.  A.belongs   B.arebelongedto C.belongsto  D.belongto 17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook       ---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.  A.toread B.tobereadC.readingD.beingread 18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.  A.catching  B.tobecaught C.beingcaught  D.tocatch   19.Thispageneeded___again.  A.beingchecked B.checked C.tocheck  D.tobechecked 20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.Havingtaught B.Havingbeentaught C.taught   D.Teaching DCCDB