Stonehenge巨石阵

Stonehenge巨石阵 Location：England，isabout2mileswestofthetownofAmesburyinWiltshireandonly90mileswestofLondon. Maps： ShortintroductionBuilttime：estimateat3100BCTypeofstone：bluestone,Sarson,WelshSandstone Extranotes:exceptonspecialorarrangedoccasions,visitorsareunabletowalkamongthestones StonehengeissurelyBritain‘sgreatestnationalicon,symbolizingmystery,powerandendurance. MucholderthantheGreatWall,Stonehengeisoneoftheworld’smostfascinating,butleastunderstoodhistoricalsites.Everyyear,thousandsoftouristscometoadmireStonehenge’sbeautyandtowonderabouthowandwhyitwasbuilt.Howwasitbuilt ThefirstStonehenge:wasalargeearthworkorHenge,comprisingaditch,bank,andtheAubreyholes,allprobablybuiltaround3100BC. TheSecondStage（TheArrivaloftheBluestone）：ThesecondandmostdramaticstageofStonehengestartedaround2150BC. ThethirdStage：ThethirdstageofStonehenge,about2000BC,sawthearrivaloftheSarsonstones,whichwerealmostcertainlybroughtfromtheMarlboroughDownsnearAvebury,innorthWiltshire,about25milesnorthofStonehenge. TheFinalStage：Thefinalstagetookplacesoonafter1500BCwhenthebluestoneswererearrangedinthehorseshoeandcirclethatweseetoday.　WhoBuiltStonehenge? OneofthemostpopularbeliefswasthatStonehengewasbuiltbytheDruids.ThesehighpriestsoftheCelts,constructeditforsacrificialceremonies. ItwasJohnAubrey,whofirstlinkedStonehengetotheDruids. Additionally,Dr.WilliamStukeley,anotherStonehengeantiquary,alsoclaimedtheDruidswereStonehenge'sbuilders.StukeleystudiedStonehengeacenturylaterthanAubreyandbecamesoinvolvedinthestudyoftheDruidreligionthathehimselfbecameone.ThroughhisworkhewasveryinstrumentalinpopularizingthetheorythatStonehengewasbuiltbyDruids.WhatdoStonehengeusefor?SomehistoriansbelievethatStonehengewasatemple,thesiteofancientsacrificesandrituals.Othersbelieveitwasaburialplaceorperhapsevenagiantsundialtotellthetime,aroyalcemetery,AstronomicalObservatory,ect.Whatevertheirancientusewas,thestoneshavealwaysbeenasourceoffascinationforBritishpeople.Onerecordfrom1135saidthegreatstoneswerecarriedtoEnglandbygiantmagicalcreatures! Stonehenge'soriginalfaceThestonesweseetodayrepresentStonehengeinruin.Manyoftheoriginalstoneshavefallenorbeenremovedbypreviousgenerationsforhomeconstructionorroadrepair.Therehasbeenseriousdamagetosomeofthesmallerbluestonesresultingfromclosevisitorcontact.CommonwealthTheCommonwealthofNations (英联邦):normallyreferredtoastheCommonwealthandpreviouslyknownastheBritishCommonwealth,isanintergovernmentalorganizationoffifty-fourindependentmemberstates.Allbuttwo(MozambiqueandRwanda)ofthesecountrieswereformerlypartoftheBritishEmpire. HeadoftheCommonwealth:QueenElizabethII India Canada Australia NewZealand Singapore SouthAfrica Pakistan UKUK:UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthIreland(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国).commonlyknownastheUnitedKingdom,theUK,orBritain. UKincludes:GreatBritainandNorthIreland.GBGreatBritain:referstoEngland，ScotlandandWales.GreatBritain(commonlyknownasBritain)isanislandsituatedtothenorthwestofContinentalEurope.Itistheninthlargestislandintheworld,andthelargestEuropeanisland.TowerofLondonHerMajesty'sRoyalPalaceandFortress,morecommonlyknownastheTowerofLondon,isahistoriccastleLocation：onthenorthbankoftheRiverThamesincentralLondon,England.foundedTime：towardstheendof1066Usefor：Thecastlewasusedasaprisonsinceatleast1100,althoughthatwasnotitsprimarypurpose.Agrandpalaceearlyinitshistory,itservedasaroyalresidence.TheTowerwiththeRiverThamesandTowerBridgetothesouth.Theoutercurtainwallswereerectedinthe13thcentury.Interioroftheinnermostward.Totherightisthe11th-centuryWhiteTower;thestructureattheendofthewalkwaytotheleftisWakefieldTower.BeyondthatcanbeseenTraitors'Gate.InnerwardOuterward FlintTower LanthornTower MartinTower MiddleTower中塔 StThomas'sTower圣汤玛斯之塔，正如其名，本塔以圣人起名。 SaltTower TowerGreen绿塔 WakefieldTower WardrobeTower WellTower WhiteTower白塔，伦敦塔中央主体建筑 伦敦塔的整体建筑包括如下一些塔楼: BeauchampTower BellTower BloodyTower血腥塔 BowyerTower BrickTower BroadArrowTower BywardTower ConstableTower CradleTower DevelinTower DeverauxTowerCrownJewelsTime:in1937ForWho:KingGeorgeVI,andwassimilartothediamondcrownmadein1838forQueenVictoria.includesmanyjewels:2,868diamonds,273pearls,17sapphires,11emeralds,andfiverubies.TheImperialStateCrownTheCullinan（库利南)II-RoyalCrownCoronationChairandRegaliaofEnglandTheImperialCrownofIndiaTheCullinanIIWestminsterAbbey(西敏寺or威斯敏斯特教堂)GeneralOpeningTimes:Monday,Tuesday,Thursday,Friday9.30am-4.30pm(lastadmission3.30pm)Wednesday9.30am-7.00pm(lastadmission6.00pm)Saturday9.30am-2.30pm(lastadmission1.30pm)SundayWorshiponlyNoTouristVisitingWestminsterAbbeyisaGothicmonasterychurchinLondonthatisthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialforEnglishmonarchs. Location:inWestminster,London,England(UK),justtothewestofthePalaceofWestminster. Use:thetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteforEnglishEstablishedTime:in1560 Governedby:theDeanandChapterofWestminster Establishedby:RoyalCharterofQueenElizabethI CharlesDickens(查理斯.狄更斯) DavidCopperfield(大卫.科波菲尔) OliverTwist(雾都孤儿) ATaleofTwoCities(双城记) AChristmasCarol(圣诞颂歌) IsaacNewton(牛顿)CharlesDarwin(查尔斯·达尔文)TheBuckinghamPalace(白金汉宫)Ithas775rooms.Theseinclude19Staterooms,52Royalandguestbedrooms,188staffbedrooms,92officesand78bathrooms.Inmeasurements,thebuildingis108metreslongacrossthefront,120metresdeep(includingthecentralquadrangle)and24metreshigh.BuckinghamPalacehasservedastheofficialLondonresidenceofBritain’ssovereignssince1837andtodayistheadministrativeheadquartersoftheMonarch.QueenElizabethII Fullname：ElizabethAlexandraMary Born：21April1926（age 84） Reign:since6February1952 Coronation:2June1953 Consort：PrincePhilip,DukeofEdinburgh Issue：Charles,PrinceofWalesAnne,PrincessRoyalPrinceAndrew,DukeofYorkPrinceEdward,EarlofWessex PrincessElizabeth,1929CoronationportraitofQueenElizabethIIandtheDukeofEdinburgh,June1953PrincessElizabeth,1933ElizabethII(centre,inpink)duringawalkaboutinQueen'sPark,Toronto,6July2010Charles,PrinceofWalesDiana,PrincessofWalesPrinceWilliamofWalesPrinceHenryofWalesAnne,PrincessRoyalMarkPhillipsPeterPhillipsZaraPhillipsPrinceAndrew,DukeofYorkSarah,DuchessofYorkPrincessBeatriceofYorkPrincessEugenieofYorkEnglishgarden TheEnglishgarden,alsocalledEnglishlandscapepark. TheEnglishgardenpresentedanidealizedviewofnature,ofteninspiredbypaintingsoflandscapesbyClaudeLorraineandNicolasPoussin. Itusuallyincludedalake,sweepsofgentlyrollinglawnssetagainstgrovesoftrees,andrecreationsofclassicaltemples,Gothicruins,bridges,andotherpicturesquearchitecture,designedtorecreateanidyllicpastorallandscape.ThepaintingsofClaudeLorraininspiredStourheadandotherEnglishlandscapegardens.Castle Castle:aprivatefortifiedresidence Italian：Palazzo（Palace） French：Chateau English：CastleThankyou!