英国政治体制君主立宪制英文介绍

PoliticalSystemofUK英语1204章君婷outline1.Constitution2.Monarchy3.Parliament4.Government5.PoliticalPartiesGovernmentofUnitedKingdom1.ConstitutionalMonarchyMonarchy:akingorqueenservesastheheadofstate.Constitutionalmonarchy:aformofgovernmentinwhichamonarchactsasheadofstatewithintheparametersofawrittenorunwrittenconstitution.1.thepowerofmonarchislimitedbytheconsititution2.thelegalauthorityisgiventothegovernment3.theexecutiveauthoritytothegovernment4.thesovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule.ContemporaryconstitutionalmonarchiesincludeAustralia,Belgium,Cambodia,Canada,Denmark,Japan,Luxembourg,Malaysia,TheNetherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,ThailandandtheUnitedKingdom.目前世界上的君主立宪制国家有：欧洲：英国、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、安道尔、摩纳哥、列支敦士登亚洲：日本、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、尼泊尔非洲：毛里求斯美洲：加拿大、巴哈马、安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、圣克里斯多福与尼维斯、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、牙买加大洋洲：澳大利亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛课外知识链接TheConstitutionBritaindoesn’thaveaconstitutionwrittendowninasingledocument.Theconstitutionflowsfrom(出自)6sources:1)TheRoyalPrerogatives皇家特权2)*StatuteLaws成文法3)*CommonLaws普通法,判例法4)*Conventions习惯法5)AuthoritativeOpinions权威 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 6)EuropeanUnionLaws欧盟法2.TheMonarchsymbolofthewholenationheadoftheexecutiveanintegralpartofthelegislatureRepresentsthepoliticalcontinuityandadaptabilityheadofthejudiciarythecommander-in-chiefofallthearmedforcesShegivesRoyalAssenttoBillspassedbyparliamentTIP:HereditaryNow:queenElizabethIIElizabethII----the"supremegovernor"oftheChurchofEngland3.BritishParliamentthecentreofthepoliticalsystemintheUKthesupremelegislativebodyTheGovernmentisdrawnfromandanswerabletoitParliament=Legislature(立法机关)Fouctions2.Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.1.itpasseslaws.3.Itscrutinizes(审查)governmentpolicy,administrateandexpenditureanddebatethemajorissuesoftheday.consistsof:TheHouseofcommonsTheHouseofLordsTheHouseofLords(theUpperHouse)1.Composition:About1,100hereditaryandlifepeers2.Thespeaker:AppiontedbythesovereignonadviceofPrimeMinister3.Thequalification:noparliamentarysalary4.Functions:TorevisebillsfromtheHouseofCommonsasthesupremecourtofjusticeandthehighestcourtappealforcriminal,civilcasesfromthelowercourtsHearappeals(上诉)inthehighestCourtofAppeal(最高上诉法院)inBritain1.TheLordsSpiritual(神职贵族)2.TheLordsTemporal(世俗贵族)b.LifePeers(当世贵族)c.HereditaryPeers(世袭贵族)a.LawLords(司法议员)TheHouseofcommons(theLowerHouse)1.Composition:651MPs(Membersofparliament)2.Thespeaker:electionbyBritiancitizens3.Tenure:5years1）atleast18yearsold4.Thequalification:2）nomembersoftheupperhouse5.Functions1)Makelaws2)Controlandcriticizetheexecutivegovernment3)ControltheraisingandspendingofmoneyHouseofLordsRedChamber红厅HouseofcommonsGreenChamber绿厅Doyouknow?在地板中央有两排相距2.5米的红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上，此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言时两方议员不得超越该线。若有议员在发言时越过该线，将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“totoetheline”（循规蹈矩）的出处。有趣的是，下院议事厅只有427个坐位，但议员总数却合共651人，并不能安置所有议员。因此，如果有议员迟到，而议事厅又满座的话，那他就只好站在议事厅的入口处，继续参与会议。FrontbencherBackbencherscepter"toetheline”（循规蹈矩）的出处4.BritishGovernmentPrimeMinisterMinisters(Headsofallimportantdepartments)Treasury财政部MinistryofDefense　国防MinistryofAgricultureForeignandCommonwealthOffice外交联邦部DepartmentofEducationandScienceDepartmentofHealthandSocialSecuritya.ThePrimeMinister1.WinsthemajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommons2.Headofthegovernment3.Leaderofhisparty4.Hehastherighttoselecthiscabinet,handoutdepartmentalpositions,decidetheagenda(议事日程)forcabinetmeetingswhichhealsochairs.5.Hedirectsandcontrolspolicyforthegovernment.6.HekeepstheQueeninformedofgovernmentdecisions.(weeklymeetingwiththeQueen)b.TheBasicStructureofBritainGovernmentMonarch(non-political)Judiciary(non-political)HouseofLords(semi-political)CourtofAppealHouseofCommons(political)MinistersCivilservice(non-political)PrimeMinisterCabinet(political)HouseofLordsLegislature---ParliamentExecutiveCurrentlyPrimeMinisterofBritain中文名：戴维·威廉·唐纳德·卡梅伦外文名：DavidWilliamDonaldCameron出生日期：1966年10月9日出生地：英国伦敦毕业院校：?国籍：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(theUnitedKingdom)职业：英国首相信仰:英国国教(Anglicanism)(TheChurchofEnglandunderstandsitselftobebothCatholicandReformed).伊顿公学、牛津大学c.TheCabinet1.Composition:ThePrimeMinisterand22CabinetMinistersusually2.Thespeaker:theForeignSecretarytheChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣)3.Features:a.Thecabinetanditscommitteesworkinsecrecyb.CabinetmeetsweeklyatNo.10DowningStreetc.AppointedbytheQueenwiththeadviceofthePM4.Functions:1)Tomakefinaldecisionsonthepolicypresenttotheparliament2)ToexercisetheultimateexecutivepowerontheParliamentarypolicy3)TodivideandadjustpowersamongtheadministrativedepartmentsThecollectivedecision-makingbody(集权机构)TheOppositionshavea‘ShadowCabinet’:criticizetheGovernment’spolicy;exposeitsweakpoints;suggestamendments（修正案）;drawattentiontoothermatterstheGovernmentmightotherwiseignore.d.‘ShadowCabinet’ThePrimeMinister:presidesovertheCabinet;informstheQueenatregularmeetings;holdmeetingsTheCabinetandMinistrytheQueen:.listentothereportofgeneralbusinessoftheGovernmentCabinetmembers:responsibleforallCabinetdecisionsandtheworkoftheirdepartment.e.Conclusion（Thenationalsymbol）ThekingTheupperHouseThelowerhouseThecabinetappoint（judicialpower）electionTheparliamentformallyappointed（legislativepower）（Executivepower）responsibletocomposepeople（thenoble）翻译：从1714年以后，国王从来没有否决过议会的议案。5.PoliticalPartiestheLabourParty--inpowertheLiberalDemocratstheConservativeParty--inoppositionTheCourtLordChancellor----theChiefJusticetheHighCourtofJustice(高等法院)thePrivyCouncil(枢密院）CourtofAppeal（上诉法院）countycourts（郡法院）Magistrates’courts（治安法院）theQueen’sBench皇家法院theChanceryDivision高级法院theFamilyDivision家庭法院Thanks2015.05.27