上海市普陀区届高三一模英语试题

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除【精品文档】第PAGE页普陀区2016届高三12月教学质量调研英语试题考试时间：120分钟满分：150分II.GrammarandVocabulary（26分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank. (A)[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]Differentformsofhospitality(好客)IamaBritishwomansocialanthropologist(人类学家).IoncespentayearinMoldova,inEasternEurope,（25）______(study)everydaylifeinthecountry.IstayedwithaMoldovanfamilytoseefromtheinsidehowpeoplemanagedtheirlives.Ihadawonderfultimeandmademanynewfriends.WhatIobservedisofcoursebasedonmyownexperienceataparticularplaceandtime.Ioftenfound(26)_______surprisinglydifficulttoseelifetherethroughtheeyesofaMoldovan.Thiswas(27)______thepeopleImetwereextremelyhospitableandIwastreatedasanhonouredguestatalltimes.Asmyhosts,theywantedmetoenjoymyself,andnottoget(28)______(involve)inshopping,cooking,orotherdomesticjobs.MostmorningsIwasencouragedtogoouttoexplorethecity,orcarryoutmyresearch,andIreturnedlatertofindthatmyelderlylandladyandhersisterhadtravelledacrossthecityonbusestothecentralmarket(29)________(bring)backheavyloadsofpotatoes,awholelamb,orotherlargequantitiesofproducts.Iwasofteninvitedtopeople’shomes,andwasalwaysofferedfoodonentering.MostoftheadultsImetenjoyedinvitingfriends,family,neighbours,colleaguesandevenstrangersintotheirhomes,(30)______theytreatedthemtofood,drink,andalivelyhospitableatmosphere.Hostshurriedtoserveguestsaswellandasquicklyaspossible.(31)______ahouseholdwasexpectingguest,largeamountsoffoodwerepreparedinadvance,usuallybythewomen.Winehadalreadybeenmade,generallybythemen,(32)______werealsoresponsibleforpouringit.Unexpectedvisitorswerestillofferedasmuchfoodanddrinkasthehousehold(33)______provideinthecircumstances.(B)HowEnglishfamilylifehasevolvedsincetheeighteenthcenturyThemajorityofEnglishfamiliesofthepre-industrialage,roughlyuntilthemid-eighteencentury,livedinarurallocation.Manyofthemownedorhadtheuseofasmallpieceofland,andactuallyallfamilymemberswerebusywithagriculturalworkinoneformoranother,usually(34)_______(grow)foodfortheirownconsumptionandsometimesalsoproducingfoodorothergoodsforsale.Thelabourwascontrolledbythehusband,(35)___________hiswifeandchildren,too,hadaneconomicvalueastheircontributionstothefamilyincomewerelikelytomakethedifferencebetweenstarvationandsurvival.Childrenworkedfromanearlyage,girlshelpingtheirmothers,andboystheirfathers.Schoolwasanoccasionalfactorintheirlives.Instead,childrenlearnedbydoing(36)_______theirparentsshowedthem.Knowledgeofcaring(37)______animals,sewingwashandeddownfromparenttochild.Also,mostpeopleengagedinhandicraftproductioninthehome,andthefamily(38)______(pay)toworkwithcloth,woodorleather.Ingeneral,thisworkcouldbeputasideandtakenupagainwhentherewasabreaksuchasagriculturalwork.Theprocessofindustrializationinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandduringthenineteenthtransformedlifeforthemajorityofthepopulation.Itwastheuseofsteamtopowermachinery(39)______requiredlargebuildings,anditresultedintheconstructionofnumerousfactoriesinmanytownsandcities.Theseinturn(40)_______（encourage）migrationfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.Ifelectricityhadprecededsteam,domesticindustrymighthavesurvivedmorefully.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.commentB.complexC.depressionD.expectE.equivalentF.holdsG.mappedH.recommendedI.handleJ.notedK.severeBeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageora(n)____relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858___byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidows(寡妇)andwidowers wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffect____forallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.　　Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan___tolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’sa flipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame___problems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.　　Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,46____bysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof_47__laterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmay__48__stressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.　　Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareall__49_ifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeing_____out,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”III.ReadingComprehension（47分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whoneedssleep?It’s2a.m.Thetimewhenyoushouldbeinbeds,soundasleep.ButpullbackthecurtainsandyoumightbesurprisedbythenumberoflightsoninyourstreetNight-timeis___51___justforsleeping.Ithasbecomethenewdaytime,offeringusthechancetocatchuponeverythingwedidn’tmanagetofinishduringwhatusedtobeour___52____hours.Now,___53___sleeping,wecancheckourbankbalancesbyphone,buygroceries,surfthenetforcheapflightsorgotothegym.Suchflexibility,____54___,hasaprice.Ourbodiesarerunbycircadianrhythms(昼夜节律),aprehistoricinternalclockthatregulateswhenwefeelsleepyorawakeandaffectsourbodytemperatureandlevelofalertness.Itmakesourbrainsandbodies___55___duringthedayandallowsthemtorecoverthroughthenight.Sopowerfulisthisclockthateventwoweeksonanightshiftwithoutbreakwillnot___56___itsrhythm,andwhenscientistskeephumanvolunteersinisolation,withoutanyindicationofwhattimeitisintheday,theystillshowdailycyclesoftemperaturechanges,sleepandwakefulness,andhormonerelease.But,___57___workingagainstourbody’snaturalrhythmislikelytocauseourselvesbothphysicalandpsychologicaldamage.Researchalsoshowsitmayactually___58___ourriskofhealthproblemssuchasstomachdiseases.ConsultantTomMackeybelievesthatournormalcircadianrhythmsareincreasinglybeingcompletely____59__.“Moreandmoreofusarebeingpressuredintodoingthingsatoddhours.Thisisgoingtohavea(n)___60___impactonqualityandlengthofsleep.Ifpeopledon’tgotobedatareasonabletime,sayaround11p.m.,andhavebetweensixandeighthoursofsleep,theywillbeunabletoconcentrate.Youneedsleepforrestand___61____.Ifyoustuffyourmindwithinformationfortoolong,theneverythinggetsdisorganized---youbecome__62____tomanagedaytimeactivities.”Thecircadianrhythmsthatrunthesleep/wakecycleareasoldas___63____itself.Ourprehistoricancestorswouldhaveneededtheirbiologicalclocktogetthemouthuntingduringthedayandprobablyinbedaroundnightfalltoavoidintruders.Ournightvisionisnotasfastasthatofnocturnal(夜间活动的)animals---ournaturalrhythmwastosleepasthesunwentdown.Theinventionoftheelectriclightobviously____64___that.Likemostbiologicalsystems,circadianrhythmsarenotmadeto____65___.Ourinternalclockrunsabitlongerthan24hours,henceitsLatinname,circadian,whichmeans“aboutaday.”51.A.byallmeansB.onearthC.innotimeD.tothisday52.A.sleepingB.wakingC.businessD.rush53.A.intermsofB.regardlessofC.asaresultofD.insteadof54.A.furthermoreB.otherwiseC.howeverD.somewhat55.A.activeB.relaxingC.tiringD.conscious56.A.formB.destroyC.improveD.recover57.A.EfficientlyB.ProudlyC.ContinuallyD.Independently58.A.minimizeB.assessC.avoidD.increase59.A.brokenB.enhancedC.emphasizedD.misunderstood60.A.effectiveB.negativeC.directD.reliable61.A.reservationB.resettingC.repairD.replacement62.A.boredB.willingC.likelyD.unable63.A.evolutionB.clockC.mysteryD.hunting64.A.improvedB.changedC.speededD.followed65.A.measureB.reverseC.regulateD.discoverSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWhenmilkonthedoorstepandeliveringmilktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapanddroveawhitetruck.Asa5-year-oldboy,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesoffthecoinchangerfixedtohisbWhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s,wehadamilkmelt.Henoticedthisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger.Ofcourse,hedeliveredmorethanmilk.Therewascheese,eggsandsoon.Ifweneededtochangeourorder,mymotherwouldpenanote-“Pleaseaddabottleofbuttermilknextdelivery”-andplaceitintheboxalongwiththeemptybottles.Andthen,thebuttermilkwouldmagicallyappear.Allofthiswasaboutmorethanconvenience.Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.Mr.Basilleevenhadakeytoouthouse,forthosetimeswhenitwassocoldoutsidethatweputtheboxindoors,sothatthemilkwouldn’tfreeze.AndIrememberMr.Basillefromtimetotimetakingabreakatourkitchentable,havingacupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthisdelivery.Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilk,thusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete.Besides,milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticaltohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.Itookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch（门廊）.Everysooftenmyson’sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.66.MrBasillegavetheboyaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger_____.A.toshowhismagicalpower.B.topayforthedelivery.C.to satisfyhiscuriosity.D.topleasehismother.67.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatthemilkmanhadthekeytotheboy’shouse?A.Hewantedtohaveteathere.B.Hewasarespectableperson.C.Hewastreatedasafamilymember.D.Hewasfullytrustedbythefamily.68.Whydoeshomemilkdeliverynolongerexist?A.Nobodywantstobeamilkmannow.B.Ithasbeendrivenoutofthemarket.C.Itsserviceisgettingpoor.D.Itisforbiddenbylaw.69.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D.Heplantedflowersinit.                              B  CWU                                                                                                                      Thecommunicationunion HeadofResearch Salary:￡55.271     WearelookingforaHeadofResearchtomanagetheCWUResearchDepartmentandInformationCentre. Youwouldberequiredtoexercisecontrolofallresearchworkofthedepartmentandmanageateamofthree researchersandfoursupportstaff.     ThepersonappointedwouldbeexpectedtocarryoutresearchworkofastrategicnatureacrosstherangeofbusinessesinwhichtheCWUhasorseeksmembershipandtocontributetothestrategicthinkinganddirectionoftheunionasawhole.     Youwillneed:provenlinemanagementskills,especiallyinmanagingandmotivatingateam;goodresearch skills,holdingagooddegreeinarelatedsubjectorothersimilarexperience;ahighlevelofmathematicalandcalculatingskills;theabilitytoproducehighqualityworkunderpressure;acommitmenttoandknowledgeof thetradeunionmovementandsocialdemocraticpolitics;andknowledgeand/orexperienceofthepostaland/ ortelecommunicationsindustry.     Toapply,pleaserequestanapplicationpackbyemailing hr@cwu.org orbytelephoningHR(Human Resources)on02089717482.Whenapplyingpleasestateyoursource. ClosingDateforApplications:4thAugust2010 Anticipatedinterviewdate:17thAugust2010 Noagenciesplease1.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisadvertisement?A.Arts. B.Sales.C.Jobs. D.News.2.Oneofthedutiesofthepersontobeappointedis_____.A.takingchargeofresearchwork. B.seekingmembershipforthetradeunion. C.managingateamofthreeorfourmembers. D.runningatelecommunicationscompany.3.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisposition,youcandoallEXCEPT_____.A.askanagencyforanapplicationformB.dial02089717482formoreinformationC.emailhr@cwu.orgforanapplicationpack D.sendinyourapplicationbefore4thAugust20104.Whichofthefollowingapplicantsismostlikelytobeemployed?A.Aschoolteacherwithamaster'sdegree.B.Auniversitygraduatemajoringincomputerscience. C.Adirectorfromaresearchcentrewithamaster'sdegree. D.Aclerkfromatelecommunicationscompany.CAchild'smapoftenprovidesamuch-neededrestforparentstoo.Timeforanuninterruptedphonecall,orarestonthesofa.Andnapshavetobeagoodthingforpreschools,surely,sincetheyneedtotakearestandgetenoughsleepfortheirbrainstodevelop.Shortnapshavealsobeenshowntobegoodforadults---improvingalertnessandreactiontimes.Soitfeelscounterintuitiveforareviewof26studiestoconcludethatnappinginchildrenovertwoyearsofagemaynotbeagoodideaatall.Thereviewsaysthataftertwoyearsofage,nappingisassociatedwithgoingtosleeplateatnight,poorerqualitysleepandwakingearlier.Soshouldwediscouragenapsinpreschoolchikdren-eveniftheyreallyseemtoneedone?Althoughthereviewtalksabouttheeffectsofnappingontwo-year-olds,mostoftheevidenceinreviewactuallycomesfromstudiesonthree-year-olds.Also,theauthorsoftheviewarticleareclearthattheresearchonchildren’snapsisofpoorquality;somestudiesrelyonparents’rememberinghowmuchtheirchildrenslept,orareforveryshortperiods.AstudypublishedinthejournalofattentiondisordersinFebruarysuffersfromsomemethodologicalshortcomings(forinstancesmallnumbers--only28childrenbetweentheagesofthreeandfour,andonlyforfivedays),butisatleastarandomized(任意的)controlledtrial,usingactigraphs(活动 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 仪)wornonthewristtoobjectivelymeasuresleep.Itfoundthatchildrenwhomissedtheirnapssleptbetteratnightandscoredhigherinstudiesofmemoryandattention.Drmarkmahone,oneoftheauthors,saysthatsleepatnigthmaybeofabetterqualitythanduringdaytimenapping.Havingasoundsleepatnight,hesays,providesagreaterproportionoftheslow-wave,restorativesleepthatpromotesbraindevelopmentandreinforceswhathasbeenlearnedthedaybefore.Thestudyalsofoundthatthechildrenwhowentwithoutnapsdidnotsleepmoreatweekends.Icouldnevergetmychildrentonap,butforparentswhocan,thereisnoreasontostop.Mahonesaysthatmoreresearchisneededbeforeanyonestartsmakingrecommendation,andchildren’ssleeprequirementsareknowntobevariable.Theword‘’counterintuitive’’inpara.2mostprobablymeans____A.difficultB.unreasonableC.revolutionaryD.meaninglessWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthestudypublishedinAttentionDisoders？ItsobjectsaretooyoungtotakethetestB.Itsfindingsarereliableduetotheactigraphs[来源:学科网ZXXK]C.IthasenoughobjectstoproducetheresultsD.ItprovidesvariouswaystohelpadultstotakenapsAccordingtoDrMarkMahone,abetter-qualitynightsleepwillresultin____.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]A.frequentrestsonthesofaB.higherefficiencyoflearningC.moreseriousattentiondisorderD.fewerdaytimenapsatweekendsTheauthortalksmainlyabouthisorher____A.opinionsonwhetherchildrenneedsnapsB.varioussystemicstudiesonchildren’snapsC.commentsonsomestudiesonchildren’snapsD.understandingofthefunctionsofchildren’snapsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Arebeeshappierincities?Wethinkofthemasthrivinginwildflowermeadowsandrollingfields.ButnewresearchsuggestsBritain’sbeesarehappierneartownsandcities.AnewstudyofwildlifesitesacrossfourEnglishcountieshasfoundthatmostarehometofewerspeciesofbeetodaythantheywereinthepast.ItfoundthattheexpansionoffarmlandhasactuallybeenmoredamagingtoBritain’sbeepopulationthantheconcretingoverofthecountrysideforhousing.Forinstance,heathsandmeadowsnearMiltonKeynesnowboastmorespeciesofbeethansitesinmoreruralareas.ReadingUniversityresearcherDrDeepaSenapathibelievesintensiveagricultureistoblame.Climatechangecouldbedisruptingtherelationshipbetweenbeesandplants.That'saccordingtoastudythatsaidwarmerspringscanchangethelifecyclesofbees,whichcanthrowthemoutoftheplantstheyrelyon.Theresearchisthefirstclearexampleofthepotentialforclimatechangetodestroysuchcriticalrelationshipsbetweenspecies.Whilethegardens,parksandchurchyardsoftownsandcitiesprovidebeeswithavarietyofplantstoforageonandanextendedfloweringseason,popularcropssuchasoilseedrapeonlybloomforafewweeks.Drsenapathisaid:‘Whileconcretingoverthecountrysidemayappeartobebadnewsfornature,we’vefoundthatprogressiveurbanizationmaybemuchlessdamagingthanintensiveagriculture.Urbanareasmaybenefitbeesmorethanfarmlandbyprovidingawidevarietyoffloweringplantsandanextendedfloweringseason,accordingtotheresearcher.OverthepastcenturyrurallandscapesinBritainhavebecomeincreasinglydominatedbylargeexpansesofmonoculture-thegrowingofasingletypeofplant,whichhashelpedboostcropproduction.Butwithoutamixtureofhabitatandfoodsources,ruralareascansometimesbelittlebetterthangreendesertsforbiodiversity.'Scientistsaroundthecountryaretryingtoworkoutwhypopulationsofbeesandotherinsectsareplummeting.Pesticides,climatechangeanddiseasemay,likeintensivefarming,beplayingarole.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)78.Accordingtothestudyofwildlifesitesacrossfourenglishcountries,thenumberofbeespeciesis_____79.AccordingtoDrSenapathi,thedevelopmentofcitiescauses__________________tobeesthanfarmlandsinsuburbs.80.Whatarethetwoadvantagesofurbanareasoverfarmlandwhenitcomestohousingforbees?81.Greendesertsinthepassagereferstotheplacewherethereis______________________[来源:Zxxk.Com]第II卷（共47分）I．TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordgiveninthebrackets.学生应该在课堂上举手回答问题。(raise)老师建议我每天早上大声朗读英语半小时。(suggest)问了快递人员之后，她被告知再网上买的礼物三天后才到上海。(after)如何利用智能手机帮助学生解决学习困难以及搜寻信息仍是研发人员所关注的内容。(what)5.课间做作业不仅对健康不利并且还会降低学习效率，所以我们应该去操场上走走放松身心。(harmful)II.WritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120to150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelow.假设你学校的外教老师组织了寒假志愿活动，你因为某些原因无法参与。请给外教老师写一封请假说明，希望能获得批准。你的请假说明应该包括：1)你无法参与志愿者活动；2)你请假的具体原因；3)你希望能得到批准。Keys:studying26.It27.Because28.Involved29.Tobring30.Where31.when/as32.who33.could34.growing35.eventhough/evenif36.whatfor38.waspaid39.that40.encouraged41-50:EJFDKBCIHG51-65:CBDCABCDABCDABAdecreasing/dropping/declining/reducinglessdamagevarietiesoffloweringplantsandanextendedfloweringseason.nomixtureofhabitatorfoodsourcesI.TranslationStudentsshouldraisehandstoanswerquestionsinclass.[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]TheteachersuggestedIshouldreadEnglishaloudforhalfanhoureverymorningafteraskingthedeliveryman,hewasinformedthepresentheboughtontheinternetwouldarriveinthreedays.Whattheresearcherscareaboutishowtomakegooduseofmobilephonestohekpstudentssolvelearningdifficultiesandsearchforinformation.5.Doinghomeworkduringbreaksnotonlyisharmfulforone’shealthbutalsoReduceslearningefficiency,soweshouldtakeawalktorelaxourselvesontheplayground.