2021年12月大学六级真题第2套及参考答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayrelatedtotheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheiridols,imitatingtheirwayoftalking,followingtheirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychancetomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),BJ,C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ithasgivenrisetomuchcontroversy.C)Itwasprimarilywrittenforvegetarians.B)Ithasbeenveryfavorablyreceived.D)Itoffendsmanyenvironmentalists.2.A)Sheneglectspeople'seffortsinanimalprotection.B)Shetriestoforcepeopletoacceptherradicalideas.C)Sheignoresthevariousbenefitsofpublictransport.D)Sheinsistsvegetariansareharmingtheenvironment.3.A)Theyaresignificant.C)Theyarerational.B)Theyarerevolutionary.D)Theyaremodest.4.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment.B)Itwouldgeneratemoneyforpublichealth.C)Itwouldneedsupportfromthegeneralpublic.D)Itwouldforcepoorpeopletochangetheirdiet.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Wheresuccessfulpeople'sstrengthscomefrom.B)Whymanypeoplefightsohardforsuccess.C)Howsheachievedherlife'sgoal.D)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful.6.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.B)Havingsomeonewhoisreadytohelpthem.C)Havingafirmbeliefintheirownability.D)Havingarealisticattitudetowardslife.7.A)Theyadjusttheirgoalsaccordingly.C)Theystaypositive.https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/B)Theytryhardtoappearoptimistic.D)Theyremaincalm.8.A)Anunderstandingleadership.C)Mutualrespectamongcolleagues.B)Anurturingenvironment.D)Highlycooperativeteammates.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedAJ,BJ,CJandDJ.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theyusetheirsenseofhearingtocapturetheirprey.B)Theirfoodmainlyconsistsofsmallanimalsandfish.C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.D)Theirancestorisdifferentfromthatofmicrobats.10.A)Withthehelpofmoonlight.C)Withtheaidofdaylightvision.B)Bymeansofecholocation.D)Bymeansofvisionandsmell.11.A)Tomakeupfortheirnaturalabsenceofvision.B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticularlifestyle.C)Tofacilitatetheirtraveloverlongdistances.D)Tosurviveintheever-changingweather.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyacquireknowledgenotfoundinbooks.B)Theylearnhowtointeractwiththeirpeers.C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.D)Theygetmuchbetterpreparedforschool.13.A)Theyarefarfromemotionallyprepared.B)Theytendtobemoreattractedbyimages.C)Theycan'tfollowtheconflictsintheshow.D)Theylackthecognitiveandmemoryskills.14.A)Chooseappropriateprogramsfortheirchildren.B)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram'splot.C)Outlinetheprogram'splotfortheirchildrenfirst.D)Monitortheirchildren'swatchingofTVprograms.15.A)Explainitsmessagetotheirchildren.B)Checkiftheirchildrenhaveenjoyedit.C)Encouragetheirchildrentoretellthestory.D)Asktheirchildrentodescribeitscharacters.SectionCDirections:Jnthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedAJ,BJ,CJandDJ.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyareafraidofinjuringtheirfeet.C)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.B)Theyhaveneverdevelopedthehabit.D)Theyfinditrathertroublesometodoso.17.A)Differenttypesofbacteriaexistedonpublic-toiletfloors.B)Thereweremorebacteriaonsidewalksthaninthehome.C)Officecarpetscollectedmorebacteriathanelsewhere.D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.18.A)Thechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairquality.B)Shoescanupsetfamilymemberswiththeirnoise.C)Themarksleftbyshoesarehardtoerase.D)Shoescanleavescratchesonthefloor.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itissinfulandimmoral.C)Itisanuncontrollablebehavior.B)Itisdeemeduncivilized.D)Itisaviolationoffaithandtrust.20.A)Assesstheirconsequences.C)Acceptthemasnormal.B)Guardagainsttheirharm.D)Findouttheircauses.21.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.B)Payattentiontotheirpossibleconsequences.C)Considerthemfromdifferentperspectives.D)Makesuretheyarebroughtundercontrol.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.B)Measurestocopewithclimatechange.C)Developmentofmoreeffectivepesticides.D)Applicationofmorenitrogen-richfertilizers.23.A)Theexpansionoffarmlandindevelopingcountries.B)Theresearchoncroprotationindevelopingcountries.C)Thecooperationoftheworld'sagriculturalscientists.D)Theimprovementofagriculturalinfrastructure.24.A)Forencouragingfarmerstoembracenewfarmingtechniques.B)Foraligningtheirresearchwithadvancesinfarmingtechnology.C)Forturningtheirfocustotheneedsoffarmersinpoorercountries.D)Forcooperatingcloselywithpolicymakersindevelopingcountries.25.A)Rapidtransitiontobecomeafoodexporter.B)Substantialfundinginagriculturalresearch.C)Quickrisetobecomealeadinggrainproducer.D)Assumptionofhumanitarianresponsibilities.https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,ourclothingchoicescanabsolutelyaffectourwell-being.Whenwewearill-fittingclothes,orfeelover-orunder-dressedforanevent,it'snaturaltofeelself-consciousorevenstressed.Conversely,shesays,optingforclothesthatfitwelland26withyoursenseofstylecanimproveyourconfidence.Butcanyouimproveyourhealththroughyour27clothing,withouthavingtodashoutandbuyawholenew28?"Absolutely,"saysDraper.Ifyourgoalistoimproveyourthinking,sherecommendspickingclothesthatfitwellandareunlikelytoencouragerestlessness,so,avoidbows,tiesandunnecessary29.Italsohelpstooptforclothesyou30astyinginwithyourgoals,so,ifyouwanttoperformbetteratwork,selectpiecesyouviewasprofessional.Drapersaysthisfitsinwiththeconceptofbehavioralactivation,whereby31inabehavior(inthiscase,selectingclothes)cansetyouonthepathtothenachievingyourgoals(workingharder).Anotherwaytoimproveyour32ofmindistomixthingsup.Drapersaysweoftenfeelstuckinarut(1t:i-'J\!,)ifwewearthesameclothes-evenifthey'reourfavorites-thusoptingforanitemyoudon'twearoften,oraddingsomethingdifferenttoanoutfit,suchasahat,can33shiftyourmood.Ondayswhenyou'rereally34tobravetheworld,Drapersuggestsselectingsentimentalitemsofclothing,suchasonesyouworeonaspecialday,orgiventoyoubyalovedone,asclotheswith35associationscanhelpyoutapintoconstructiveemotions.A)accessoriesI)perceiveB)alignJ)positivelyC)concurrentlyK)profileD)currentL)prosperingE)engagingM)reluctantF)fondN)showcaseG)frame0)wardrobeH)locationshttps://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Domusiclessonsreallymakechildrensmarter?A)Arecentanalysisfoundthatmostresearchmischaracterizestherelationshipbetweenmusicandskillsenhancement.B)In2004,apaperappearedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,titled"MusicLessonsEnhanceIQ."Theauthor,composerandpsychologistGlennSchellenberghadconductedanexperimentwith144childrenrandomlyassignedtofourgroups:onelearnedthekeyboardforayear,onetooksinginglessons,onejoinedanactingclass,andacontrolgrouphadnoextracurriculartraining.TheIQofthechildreninthetwomusicalgroupsrosebyanaverageofsevenpointsinthecourseofayear;thoseintheothertwogroupsgainedanaverageof4.3points.C)Schellenberghadlongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimsthatmusiceducationenhanceschildren'sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguageskills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,afterall,doesnotprovecausation.D)The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencethatmusichastransfereffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,theEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg'sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.E)Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeontheresearchinhisfield.Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigatejusthowoftenhisfellowresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous-oratleastpremature-causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggestthatmanyofhispeersdojustthat.F)Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookforcorrelationalstudiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper'stitleandabstract,verbslike"enhance,""promote,""facilitate,"and"strengthen."Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad"brain,""neuroscience,"orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn'ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/G)Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadacausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,threequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.Psychologistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon'tdo"real"scienceforsometime-inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible.Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(Jl01£.lil),havenotbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.H)Toargueforacause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsfrequentlypointtobrainplasticity-thefactthatthebrainchangesaccordingtohowweuseit.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand'sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesfrombackgroundnoiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(tifl~)'b'and'g'.I)ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield."Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,"hewroteinhisMaypaper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableistheassertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsibleforspatialreasoningormathproblems.J)NeuropsychologistLutzJanckeagrees."Mostofthesestudiesdon'tallowforcausalinferences,"hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Janckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusiclessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstandtheireffectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedtofollowgroupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime-eveniftheassignmentsarenotcompletelyrandom.Thentheycouldcompareoutcomesforeachgroup.K)Someresearchersarestartingtodojustthat.TheneuroscientistPeterSchneiderfromHeidelbergUniversityinGermany,forexample,hasbeenfollowingagroupofchildrenfortenyearsnow.Someofthemwerehandedmusicalinstrumentsandgivenlessonsthroughaschool-basedprogramintheRuhrregionofGermanycalledJedemKindeinInstrument,or"aninstrumentforeverychild,"whichwascarriedoutwithgovernmentfunding.Amongthesechildren,Schneiderhasfoundthatthosewhowereenthusiasticaboutmusicandwhopracticedvoluntarilyshowedimprovementsinhearingability,aswellasinmoregeneralcompetencies,suchastheabilitytoconcentrate.L)Toestablishwhethereffectssuchasimprovedconcentrationarecausedbymusicparticipationitself,andnotbyinvestingtimeinanextracurricularactivityofanykind,AssalHabibi,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,isconductingafive-yearlongitudinalstudywithchildrenfromlow-incomecommunitiesinLosAngeles.Theyoungstersfallintothreegroups:thosewhotakeafter-schoolmusic,thosewhodoafter-schoolsports,andthosewithnostructuredhttps://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/after-schoolprogramatall.Aftertwoyears,Habibiandhercolleaguesreportedseeingstructuralchangesinthebrainsofthemusicallytrainedchildren,bothlocallyandinthepathwaysconnectingdifferentpartsofthebrain.M)Thatmayseemcompelling,butHabibi'schildrenwerenotselectedrandomly.Didthechildrenwhoweredrawntomusicperhapshavesomethinginthemfromthestartthatmadethemdifferentbuteludedthebrainscanners?"Assomebodywhostartedtakingpianolessonsattheageoffiveandgotupeverymorningatseventopractice,thatexperiencechangedmeandmademepartofwhoIamtoday,"Schellenbergsaid."Thequestioniswhetherthosekindsofexperiencesdososystematicallyacrossindividualsandcreateexactlythesamechanges.AndIthinkthatisthathugeleapoffaith."N)Didhehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidn'thave?Ormoreendurancethanhispeers?Musicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashenotedinhisrecentpaper,"theideaofpositivecognitiveandneuralsideeffectsfrommusictraining(andotherpleasurableactivities)isinherentlyappealing."Healsoadmitsthatifhehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgotouniversity."Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiseringeneral,"hesaid.0)Butthoseconvictionsshouldbecheckedattheentrancetothelab,headded.Otherwise,theworkbecomesreligionorfaith."Youhavetoletgoofyourfaithifyouwanttobeascientist."36.GlennSchellenberg'slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsandneuroscientistswronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIQ.37.Thebeliefinthepositiveeffectsofmusictrainingappealstomanyresearcherswhoaremusiciansthemselves.38.GlennSchellenbergwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhancechildren'sintelligence.39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconclusionthatmostofthepapersassessedmadethewrongclaimregardingmusic'seffectonintelligence.40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsbeforeyoubecomeascientist.41.Lotsofexperimentshavedemonstratedthatpeoplewithmusictrainingcanbetterdifferentiatecertainsounds.42.GlennSchellenberg'sfindingsatthebeginningofthiscenturywerenotsupportedbyalargerstudycarriedoutsometenyearslater.43.OneresearchersharesGlennSchellenberg'viewthatitisnecessarytoconductlong-termdevelopmentalstudiestounderstandtheeffectsofmusictraining.44.GlennSchellenberg'sresearchassistantshadnoideawhathewastryingtoproveinhisnewstudy.45.GlennSchellenbergadmitsthatpracticecanchangecertainareasofthebrainbutdoubtsthatthechangecanaffectotherareas.https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),BJ,C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbeforetheadventoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeilPostmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanewmediumbutanewdiscourse:agradualshiftfromatypographic(Gp,,/jl1Ja1;)culturetoaphotographicone,whichintummeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,expositiontoentertainment.Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforrationalthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto"uncoverlies,confusionsandovergeneralizations,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrastassertions,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother."Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotconfinedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingtheconductofpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreducedmanyaspectsofmodemlifetoentertainment,sensationalism,andcommerce."Americansdon'ttalktoeachother,weentertaineachother,"Postmanwrote."Theydon'texchangeideas,theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewithpropositions,theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials."Atfirst,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardstheendofthe1980sasapurelytext-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvaluedinthisgarden-allderivedfromtheprojectoftheEnlightenment.Universitiesaroundtheworldwereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,whichhosteddiscussiongroups,informativepersonalorgroupblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicmailinglistsandforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerceorcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.Andformorethanadecade,thewebcreatedanalternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision'sgriponsociety.Socialnetworks,though,havesmcecolonizedthewebfortelevision'svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,themediumrefocusesourattentiononvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals-'like'buttons-overrationalones.Insteadofaquestforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesszestU~'ff)forinstantapprovalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.(It'stellingthat,whileGooglebeganlifeasaPhDthesis,Facebookstartedasatooltojudgeclassmates,appearances.)Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment'smotto(J1l.-t;4-t)of'Daretoknow'hasbecome'Darenottocaretoknow.'https://zhenti.burningvocabulary.com/46.WhatdidNeilPostmansayabouttheriseoftelevision?A)Itinitiatedachangefromdominanceofreasontosupremacyofpleasure.B)Itbroughtaboutagradualshiftfromcinemagoingtohomeentertainment.C)Itstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.D)Itmarkedanewageintheentertainmentindustry.47.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheadvantageoftextreading?A)Itgivesoneaccesstohugeamountsofinformation.B)Itallowsmoreinformationtobeprocessedquickly.C)Itiscapableofenrichingone'slife.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.48.HowhastelevisionimpactedAmericans?A)Ithasgiventhemalotmoretoargueabout.B)Ithasbroughtcelebritiesclosertotheirlives.C)Ithasmadethemcaremoreaboutwhattheysay.D)Ithasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficial.49.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheWorldWideWeb?A)Itwasdevelopedprimarilyforuniversitiesworldwide.B)Itwascreatedtoconnectpeopleindifferentcountries.C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestforknowledge.D)Itwasdesignedasadiscussionforumforuniversitystudents.50.Whatdowelearnaboutusersofsocialmedia?A)Theyarebentonlookingforanalternativespaceforescape.B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovalfromtheiraudience.C)Theyareforeverengagedinhuntingfornewinformation.D)Theyareunabletofocustheirattentionontasksforlong.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheworkforceisaffectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.Workislessaboutwhattheycancontributebutmoreaboutwhattheycantake.Itcanleadtoworkplacedysfunctionanddiminishtheirownjobsatisfaction.Fmnotreferringtoemployeeswhoarelegitimately