旅游英语PPT初稿

nullnullQufu Located in the south part of Shandong Province, it is the birthplace of Confucius, which includes the Mansion, Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, enjoys a worldwide fame as a traditional Chinese cultural site. They attract numerous tourists from both home and abroad annually. In 1994, they were listed as world cultural heritage sites.nullIt is a joint place of mountainous area in middle part and a plain area in the west. Many rivers and springs join in the southwest and will never dry up. Though neighboring mountains and rivers ,Qufu has never suffered droughts or floods. Because of its good geographical situation ,it became a political, economic and cultural center several thousand years ago. null曲阜拥有各级文化保护单位184处，其中国家级6处，省级21处，济宁市级5处，曲阜市级152处，存有金、元、明、清 及民国历代古建筑1300余间，碑块5000余块，历代墓葬10万余座，库藏文物11万余件。其文物遗迹所含历史文化信息丰富而有特色，文化传承序列之完整性当为全国乃至全世界所罕见。 Qufu boasts of 184 officially protected monuments and sites ,of which 6 are protected at the national level ,21 at the provincial level ,5 at the prefectural level and 152 at the county level .Rich in cultural heritage ,Qufu has more than 1,300 ancient architectures ,over 5,000 stone steles ,100,000 ancient tombs and 110,000 museum collections. Its rich and characteristic heritage ,its unbroken cultural continuity make the small city unparallel in China and even in the worldnull传说中的“三孔” 1. Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao) 孔庙 2. Cemetery of Confucius (commonly referred to as "Confucian Forest)孔林 3 .Kong family mansion (also referred to as Yanshenggong Mansion)孔府 Temple of Confucius 孔庙Temple of Confucius 孔庙在众多文物古迹中，孔庙已延续两千年之久，规模宏大，气势宏雄伟，号称天下第一庙，是中国第二大古建筑群。Among the abundant cultural heritage, The temple of Confucius ,known as “the First Temple Under Heaven “ ,is the second largest ancient building complex in China .It is full of magnificence and grandeur and having oriental architectural feature and style ,which has been developed gradually over the last 2,000 yearsnullWithin two years after the death of Confucius, his former house in Qufu was already consecrated as a temple by the Prince of Lu. In 205 BC, Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to offer sacrifices to the memory of Confucius in Qufu. He set an example for many emperors and high officials to follow. Later, emperors would visit Qufu after their enthronement or on important occasions such as a successful war. In total, 12 different emperors paid 20 personal visits to Qufu to worship Confucius. About 100 others sent their deputies to for 196 visits. nullThe original three-room house of Confucius was removed from the temple complex during a rebuilding undertaken in 611 AD. In 1012 and in 1094, during the Song Dynasty, the temple was extended into a design with three sections and four courtyards, around which eventually more than 400 rooms were arranged. Fire and vandalism destroyed the temple in 1214, during the Jin Dynasty. It was restored to its former extent by the year 1302 during the Yuan Dynasty. Shortly thereafter, in 1331, the temple was framed in an enclosure wall modeled on the Imperial palace.nullAfter another devastation by fire in 1499, the temple was finally restored to its present scale. However, further additions to the buildings and the decorations were made. In total, the Temple of Confucius has undergone 15 major renovations, 31 large repairs, and numerous small building measures. null It is the most famous relics and it is also a place for people to respect Confucius ,the philosopher in the Spring and Autumn Period. The temple used to be the place of making sacrifices to Confucius. Now, it becomes a historic site under special protection.Gateway of Striking Golden Bell &Beating Jade 金声玉振坊Gateway of Striking Golden Bell &Beating Jade 金声玉振坊null金声玉珍坊 进入孔庙的起点，明嘉靖十七年建，三间四柱式石坊，额坊刻“金声玉振”四字。 孟子曰：“孔子之谓集大成。集大成者，金声而玉振之也。”以象征孔子思想集古今先贤之大成，如同奏乐，以金钟发声，以玉磐收韵，集众音之大成一样。 Gateway of Striking Golden Bell& Beating Jade It is the starting point to enter the Confucius Temple and was built in Ming Emperor Jiajing’s year.It is a three-room, four-pillar stone gateway ,with inscriptions of 4 Chinese characters “Jin Sheng Yu Zhen”. Mencius said:”Confucius preaches culmination of all that is good, which is compared to striking the gold and beating the jade”.Confucius succeeded all good thoughts of the saints before him,which is very much like starting by sounding golden bells and ending by beating jade instrument and reaching a culmination of various music. 角 楼 The Watchtowers角 楼 The WatchtowersThere are 4 watchtowers in the Confucius Temple, situated two sides of the Great Middle Gate and the northeast and northwest corner of the temple. They were first built in Yuan Dynasty and had been renovated many times. The 4 watchtowers were built on the high stand in the corners with a path inside for people to climb and descend .The four watchtowers constitute a defense works, showing the dignity like that of the imperial palaces金碑亭 Pavilion of Gold Tablet金碑亭 Pavilion of Gold TabletPavilion of Gold Tablet One of the thirteen pavilions ,is the eldest building in the Temple of Confucius. 为孔庙最早的古建筑 杏坛 Altar of Apricot杏坛 Altar of Apricot杏坛，相传孔子讲学的地方，在此孔子向72弟子传授“六艺” Altar of Apricot was said to be the place where Confucius once delivered lectures to his 72 disciples大成殿 Hall of Integration大成殿 Hall of Integrationnull大成殿 孔庙内宫殿式主体建筑，也是孔庙的核心。唐代时称为文宣王殿。宋天禧大修时，移今址并扩为七间。宋崇宁三年徽宗取《孟子》：“孔子之为集大成”语义，下诏更名为“大成殿”，清雍正二年重建，九脊重檐，黄瓦覆顶，多式斗，雕梁画栋，斗八藻井饰以金龙和玺彩图，双重飞檐正中竖匾上刻清雍正皇帝御 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf “大成殿”三个贴紧大字。殿高24.8米，长45.69米，宽24.85米，坐落在2.1米高的殿基上，为全庙最高建筑，也是中国三大古殿之一。 It is the main hall and also the centre of the Confucius Temple.There were 5 rooms in Tang Dynasty and it was called Hall of Wen Xuan Wang.In the year 1021 when it was rebuilt,it was moved to today’s site and was expanded to 7 rooms.It was named Hall of Integration in 1044 by Song Emperor Huizong as he cited a quotation from Mencius the effect that Confucius integrated all that is good before him.The hall was rebuilt in the year 1724 by Qing Emperor Yongzheng.The whole magnificent hall,roofed by glazed tiles,had the Emperor Yongzheng’s writings in the middle,and is the highest building in the Confucius Temple. The Former Well in the Former Residence The Former Well in the Former Residence 据传为孔子当年的吃水井，位于诗礼堂后。井水“既清且甜”，北称为“圣水”。 The well, which was said to be the place where Confucius drank water, is located behind the Hall of Song and Rites. The water is both clear and sweet ,hence meriting the name “the Saint Water”. Confucius Mansion孔府Confucius Mansion孔府The Kong Family Mansion ,known as “The First Family Under The Heaven “ ,is the residence of the longest lasting duke family in China . 孔府为“天下第一家”，为中国历史上延续时代最长之公爵府第。Gate of the Residence of Saint 圣府大门Gate of the Residence of Saint 圣府大门为三间五檀悬山式建筑，匾书“圣府”两字。门两边有对联一副“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家”，其中“富”字少上面一点寓“富贵无头”，“章”字一竖通到上面立字，寓“文章通天”，此联概括出千百年来“圣人家”的气派。 The 3-room,5-purling gate is in the hanging style. In the middle of the gate there’s a tablet of 2 Chinese characters ”shengfu”. On the 2 sides of the door hangs an ingenious couplet which displays the talent of the Saint. Gate of Double Lights 重光门Gate of Double Lights 重光门又称仪门，四柱回梁，悬山肩挑，前后重花蕾四朵，所以又称“垂花门”。明代建筑，此门只有迎接圣旨，重大盛典，才在礼炮声中打开。 The Gate is also called Gate Ritual.Supported by 4 pillars and 4 beams,the gate is also called Hall of Hanging Flowers,because there hangs 4 blossomsin front of and behind the gate.Built in Ming Dynasty ,the gate was opened only in salvo on grand occasions like receiving an imperial edict.六厅 The Six Hall六厅 The Six Hall孔府仿照封建王朝的六部而设六厅，在二门以内两侧，分别为管勾厅，百户厅，典籍厅，司乐厅，知印厅，掌书厅，共同管理孔府事务。 In the residence at its 2 sides are flanked by 6 halls:Hall of GuanGou,Hall of Baihu,Hall of Dianji,Hall of Siyue,Hall of Zhiyin and Hall of Zhangshu which were modeled on the 6 Ministries of a feudal to attend the affairs of the ConfuciusThe Kui Tower 奎楼The Kui Tower 奎楼明代四层方形砖结构建筑，为孔府最高建筑物。房内一层有三米多深水井一口，用盖板罩盖，外人不能进入，可以应付不测，作避难之用，实际上是孔府的”金库楼“。 The 4-storied brick tower,built in Ming Dynasty,is the highest building in the residence.On the 1st floor there is a 3 metre well covered with a board.No strangers are admitted into the tower.This tower serves as a shelter to avoid unexpected incidents,but actually it is the treasury of the residence. 照壁 Wall of Mirroring Tan照壁 Wall of Mirroring Tan相传为像麒麟但又不是麒麟，想象中的贪婪之兽，它拥有所有宝物，还想去吃太阳。此画在内宅里墙上，为出宅必走之路，用以告诫府人不要贪赃枉法。 Tan,an imaginary beast which looks like a unicorn but not the same one.The beast is said to be so insatiable that it had the treasures and even wanted to eat the sun.Hung on the wall of the inner residence,which is only path out the inner residence,the picture is used to warn people in the Confucius Residence of taking no bribes and bending no laws红萼轩 Chamber for Red Calyx红萼轩 Chamber for Red Calyx在孔府西路，是当年衍圣公会客，读书和吟诗，习礼的地方，各种厅，堂，轩，房70余间，环境十分幽雅别致。 It is found along the weatern path of the residence.The western part is also the academy and is the place where Lord Yansheng met guests,studied,read poems and practiced rites.There are altogether 70 rooms,halls and chambers.It is quiet and exquisite place.The Chamber of Red Calyx was the place where Lord Yansheng practiced rites.忠恕堂 Hall of Fidelity Generosity忠恕堂 Hall of Fidelity Generosity孔府西路建筑，取《论语》”夫子之道，忠恕而已矣“语，是衍圣公会集宾朋，燕居吟咏之处。 Situated in the western part of the residence and deriving its name also from The Analects,the hall is the place where Lord Yansheng held gatherings with his friends and recited poems. （一） 操 作 方 法（一） 操 作 方 法 The Cemetery of Confucius lies to the north of the town of Qufu, the oldest graves found in this location date back to the Zhou Dynasty. The original tomb erected here in memory of Confucius on the bank of the Sishui River had the shape of an axe. In addition, it had a brick platform for sacrifices. The present-day tomb is a cone-shaped hill. When it was opened by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution no human remains were found in it. Cemetery of Confucius (commonly referred to as "Confucian Forest)孔林 Confucius Cemetery孔林Confucius Cemetery孔林The Cemetery of Confucius is the family graveyard of Confucius and his descendants which lasting the longest time and on the largest scale in China . 孔林为世界上延时最久，面积最大之家族墓地万古长春坊 The Everlasting Green Archway万古长春坊 The Everlasting Green Archway明万历22年建，是曲阜现存的最大的石坊。石坊两侧各有碑楼一座，记述大修孔林的情况。 It was built in the year 1594 and is the largest stone archway still in existence in Qufu.There are 2 arches on the two sides ,recording the history of building the Mausoleum. 洙水桥坊 The Archway of Zhushui Bridge洙水桥坊 The Archway of Zhushui Bridge洙水桥坊为洙水和而立，坊上”洙水桥“三字为明代严嵩所写。 The Archway of Zhushui Bridge was built for the river,and the three Chinese characters”zhui shui qiao”were written by Yansong of Ming Dynasty.孔子墓 Mausoleum of Confucius孔子墓 Mausoleum of Confucius子贡庐墓处 Cottage of Mausoleum of Zigong子贡庐墓处 Cottage of Mausoleum of Zigong孔子墓西三间砖房为子贡庐墓处，孔子死后，众弟子守墓三年，独子贡守墓六年，实为尊师楷模。后人建房立石纪念。 The cottage west of the mausoleum of Confucius is the mausoleum of Zigong,a disciple of Confucius.After the death of Confucius ,his disciples guarded his mausoleum for 3 years,while Zigong guarded for 6 years,and set an exemple of respecting teachers.Later the cottage was built in memory of him.楷亭 Jie Pavilion楷亭 Jie Pavilion传为弟子子贡所植楷，后人立碑建亭以示纪念。 It was said to be built by Zigong ,a disciple of Confucius. 子贡手植楷是一块”流泪石“，每年9月28日，孔子生辰时，该碑 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面就会出现类似眼泪的水珠，传说是因为子贡没能赶上老师孔子的葬礼很自责很内疚！孔鲤墓 Mausoleum of Kongli孔鲤墓 Mausoleum of Kongli孔子儿子墓，位于孔子墓东邻。 It is the mausoleum of Confucius’s son and located to the east of the Mausoleum of Confucius夫子洞 Hole of Confucius夫子洞 Hole of Confucius又称坤灵洞，相传为孔子出生处，位于尼山脚下。 Also called Hole of Kunling and located at the foot of hill.The legend goes that it was the birth place of Confucius少昊陵 Emperor Shao Hao’s Tomb少昊陵 Emperor Shao Hao’s Tomb位于曲阜城东4公里处，少昊相传为皇帝之子，宋时垒石为陵，有”中国金字塔“之称。 Four kilometers to the east of Qufu.The legend goes that Shao Hao was the son of Yellow Emperor and his mausoleum was built in Song Dynasty ,which is also called “Pyramid of China”. null