SAEAMS2750E高温测定法(中英文对照版)

AEROSPACEAMS2750REV.EMATERIAL发行1980-04SPECIFICATION修订2012-07航空航天材料规范替代AMS2750D(R)高温测定法5年一次的更新，复查并重审了该规范以提高其使用量，技术革新导致了使用的变化。变化范围较大并且没有做标记。目录1.SCOPE范围....................................................................................................................................................................................................32.APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS引用文件............................................................................................................................................................................................32.1ASTMPublicationsASTM出版物.....................................................................................................................................................................................32.2Definitions定义.....................................................................................................................................................................................................43.TECHNICALREQUIREMENTS技术 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 ............................................................................................................................................................................................123.1TemperatureSensors温度传感器...................................................................................................................................................................................123.2Instrumentation(SeeTables3,4,and5)仪表(见表3,4,和表5)...........................................................................................................................................................173.3ThermalProcessingEquipment热处理设备......................................................................................................................................................................................253.4SystemAccuracyTests(SATs)系统精度测试(SATs).......................................................................................................................................................................293.5FurnaceTemperatureUniformitySurveys(TUS)炉温均匀性测试(TUS).....................................................................................................................................................................363.6LaboratoryFurnaces实验室炉子........................................................................................................................................................................................523.7Records记录.............................................................................................................................................................................................523.8Rounding取舍............................................................................................................................................................................................524.QUALITYASSURANCEPROVISIONS质量保证条款..............................................................................................................................................................................524.1ResponsibilityforInspection检验职责..........................................................................................................................................................................................525.PREPARATIONFORDELIVERY交货准备............................................................................................................................................................................................706.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT接收....................................................................................................................................................................................................707.REJECTIONS拒收................................................................................................................................................................................................70SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:2/738.NOTES注释....................................................................................................................................................................................................70FIGURE1REUSEANDRECALIBRATIONOFTESTANDLOADSENSORS....................................................................................................20图1负载传感器的再使用和重新校检...........................................................................................................................................21FIGURE2FURNACECLASSUNIFORMITYRANGES图2不同等级炉子的炉温均匀性范围.........................................................................................................................................26FIGURE3INSTRUMENTATIONTYPEREQUIREMENTS图3仪表类型要求...........................................................................................................................................................................27FIGURE4MINIMUMSENSORSREQUIREDPERZONE图4每个区域最少传感器支数.......................................................................................................................................................28FIGURE5ALLOWABLECOMBINATIONSOFRESIDENTSATSENSORWITHSENSORBEINGTESTEDFORTEMPERATURESOVER500°F(260°C)图5固定的SAT传感器与在500℉(260℃)以上温度测试的传感器的允许组合........................................................................31FIGURE6SATCALCULATIONEXAMPLES图6系统精度测试（SAT）计算的实例..........................................................................................................................................33TABLE1SENSORSANDSENSORCALIBRATION表1传感器和传感器校检..............................................................................................................................................................54TABLE2THERMOCOUPLESANDEXTENSIONWIRE表2热电偶和补偿导线...............................................................................................................................................................56TABLE3INSTRUMENTSANDINSTRUMENTCALIBRATION表3使用仪器及校准...................................................................................................................................................................57TABLE4RESOLUTIONREQUIREMENTSFORCHARTRECORDERS表4炉子记录图表的确定要求.......................................................................................................................................................60TABLE5PROCESSRECORDERPRINTANDCHARTSPEEDS表5记录器打印图表及速度........................................................................................................................................................61TABLE6PARTSFURNACECLASS,INSTRUMENTTYPE,ANDSATINTERVAL.......................................................................................62表6零件加热炉等级、仪表类型和SAT校验周期...........................................................................................................63TABLE7RAWMATERIALFURNACECLASS,INSTRUMENTTYPE,ANDSATINTERVAL...........................................................................64表7原材料加热炉等级、仪表类型和SAT校验周期.................................................................................................................65TABLE8PARTSFURNACECLASS,INSTRUMENTTYPE,ANDTUSINTERVAL表8零件加热炉等级、仪表类型和TUS校验周期...................................................................................................................66TABLE9RAWMATERIALFURNACECLASS,INSTRUMENTTYPE,ANDTUSINTERVAL表9原材料加热炉等级、仪表类型和TUS校验周期....................................................................................................67TABLE10PERMITTEDCALIBRATION/TESTINTERVALEXTENSION表10校验或试验间隔延长的容许值.........................................................................................................................................68TABLE11NUMBEROFTUSSENSORSREQUIRED表11TUS传感器数量要求..........................................................................................................................................................69附录A：E版与D版变更内容说明……...................................................................................................................................................71该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:3/731.SCOPE范围1.1Thisspecificationcoverspyrometricrequirementsforthermalprocessingequipmentusedforheattreatment.Itcoverstemperaturesensors,instrumentation,thermalprocessingequipment,systemaccuracytests,andtemperatureuniformitysurveys.Thesearenecessarytoensurethatpartsorrawmaterialsareheattreatedinaccordancewiththeapplicablespecification(s).本规范涵盖了热处理过程中用到的热处理设备的高温测量要求，包括温度传感器，仪器仪表，热处理设备，系统精度测试和温度均匀性测量。这些对于确保零部件或原材料的热处理符合适用规范要求是很有必要的。1.2Thisspecificationisnotapplicabletoheating,ortointermediatethermalprocessingunlessspecificallyreferencedbyamaterialorprocessspecification.本规范不适用于加热或中间热处理，除非在材料或工程规范中具体引用了该 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。1.3Thisspecificationappliestolaboratoryfurnacestotheextentspecifiedin3.6.本规范适用于在3.6条定义范围的实验室炉子。2.APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS引用文件Theissueofthefollowingdocumentsineffectonthedateofthepurchaseorderformsapartofthisspecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Thesuppliermayworktoasubsequentrevisionofadocumentunlessaspecificdocumentissueisspecified.Whenthereferenceddocumenthasbeencanceledandnosupersedingdocumenthasbeenspecified,thelastpublishedissueofthatdocumentshallapply.下列对采购订单的日期有影响的文件在一定范围内成为了本规范的一部分的,除非引用文件注明了发布日期，否则供应商可以参照引用文件随后的修订版本，文件的最新版本适用于本规范。2.1ASTMPublicationsASTM出版物AvailablefromASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,P.O.BoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,Tel:610-832-9585,www.astm.org.可以从ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,P.O.BoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959处获得，电话：610-832-9585，网址：www.astm.org.ASTME29StandardPracticeforUsingSignificantDigitsinTestDatatoDetermineConformancewithSpecifications用实验数据中的有效数字来确认是否符合规范的规程ASTME207StandardTestMethodforThermalEMFTestofSingleThermoelementMaterialsbyComparisonwithaReferenceThermoelementofSimilarEMF-TemperatureProperties利用与相似电动势－温度特性的参考热电偶对比的结果，对单支热电偶材料进行热电动势的测试ASTME220StandardTestMethodforCalibrationofThermocouplesbyComparisonTechniques利用比较技术对热电偶进行校准ASTME230StandardSpecificationandTemperature-ElectromotiveForce(EMF)TablesforStandardizedThermocouples标准化热电偶的标准规范和温度-电动势（EF）对照表该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:4/73ASTME608StandardSpecificationforMineral-Insulated,Metal-SheathedBaseMetalThermocouples金属皮绝缘，廉金属热电偶标准规格ASTME1129StandardSpecificationforThermocoupleConnectors热电偶连接器标准规范ASTMMNL7ManualonPresentationofDataandControlChartAnalysis数据的表示和解析质量评估图ASTMMNL12ManualontheUseofThermocouplesinTemperatureMeasurement温度测量中热电偶的使用2.2Definitions定义TermsusedinAMSareclarifiedinARP1917andasfollows:AMS中使用的术语在ARP1917标准及下文中定义：2.2.1ACCURACY:Themaximumdeviationoftheinstrumentationbeingtestedfromthecorrectedreadingsofatraceablestandard.“精确度”：测量过程中测试仪表读数经标准修正后的最大偏差。2.2.2BASEMETALTHERMOCOUPLE:Thermocouplewhosethermoelementsarecomposedprimarilyofbasemetalsandtheiralloys.ExamplesofbasemetalthermocouplesincludeE,J,K,N,andT.“廉金属热电偶”：主要由廉金属和他们的合金构成的热电偶，廉金属热电偶包括E、J、K、N和T型热电偶。2.2.3BIMONTHLY:Inthecontextofthisdocument,bimonthlyisequaltoonceeverytwomonths.“每两月”：在本文件的上下文中表示平均每两个月进行一次检定。2.2.4BIWEEKLY:Inthecontextofthisdocument,biweeklyisequaltoonceeverytwoweeks.“每两周”：在本文件的上下文中表示平均每两周进行一次检定。2.2.5CALIBRATION:Theprocessofadjustinganinstrumentorcompilingadeviationchartsoitsreadingmaybecorrelatedtotheactualvaluebeingmeasured.“校准”：指进行调准仪表或对实测值进行相关修正值记录的过程。2.2.6CONTINUOUSFURNACE:Afurnacewhereproductisconveyedcontinuouslyfromthechargeareatothedischargearea.“连续加热炉”：包含产品从装料区到卸料区一整个连续传输过程的加热炉。2.2.7CONTROLINSTRUMENT:Aninstrumentconnectedtoasensorandusedtocontrolthetemperatureofprocessequipment(includingquenchbathsandrefrigerationequipment).Theinstrumentmayormaynotalsorecordtemperature.“控制仪表”：将仪表与传感器连接，用于控制温度过程的一种仪器（包括淬火槽和冷却装置）。仪表可以进行/也可以不进行温度记录。2.2.8CONTROLSENSOR:Asensorconnectedtothefurnacetemperaturecontroller,whichmayormaynotberecording.“控制传感器”连接在加热炉上需要或无需记录温度的温度控制传感器。2.2.9CONTROLZONEORFURNACECONTROLZONE:Aportionoftheworkingzoneinthermalprocessingequipmenthavingaseparatesensor/instrument/heatinputoroutputmechanismtocontrolitstemperature.Thisportionofafurnaceisindependentlycontrolled.该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:5/73“控制区域或加热炉控制区域”将热处理设备的工作区域分成若干个区，每个区域采用单独的传感器/仪表来控制温度的输入或温度的输出，加热炉的每个控制区都可独立控制。2.2.10CONTROLLEDTEMPERATURELIQUIDBATH:Afurnacecontainingaliquidthatisheatedtothedesiredheattreattemperature.Productisnormallyimmersedintheliquid.“液体浴槽温度控制器”用于液体加热炉的温度控制器，指正常情况下液面以下的温度。2.2.11CORRECTIONFACTOR:Thenumberofdegrees,determinedfromthemostrecentcalibrationthatmustbeaddedto,orsubtractedfrom,thetemperaturereadingofasensor,oraninstrument,oracombinationthereof(system)toobtaintruetemperature.Thecorrectionfactorsofsensorsandinstrumentsareusuallykeptseparatelyandaddedtogetheralgebraicallywhenacombinationisused.“修正系数”依据最新的计量标准，增加或扣除于传感器、仪表或一定的组合系统显示的温度读数以获取真实温度的一个数值，但使用组合系统时，传感器和仪表的修正系数通常被单独保存，并根据代数法进行相加。2.2.12DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEM:Aninstrumentsystemusedtoautomaticallycollectandstoreprocessdataasanelectronicrecord.“数据采集系统”类似电子记录的自动收集和存储数据过程的仪表组。2.2.13DEADBAND:Therangewithinwhichthetemperatureinputcanbealteredupscaleanddownscalewithoutregisteringachangeontheinstrumentation.“不灵敏区”温度变化时仪表不能显示温度变大和变小的区域。2.2.14DEVIATION:Inthecontextofthisdocument,thedifferencebetweentheuncorrectedindicatedtemperatureandthetruetemperature.“偏差”记录过程中实际测量温度与真实温度的差值。2.2.15DIGITALINSTRUMENT:Aninstrumentthatpresentsprocessmeasurementsinadigital(numeric)displayformat.Typicalexamplesaremechanicalrecorderswithdigitaldisplays,digitalindicators,controllerswithdigitaldisplays,etc.Inthecaseofarecorderwithdigitaltemperaturedisplayandarecordertrace(line)therecord(recordertrace)isanalogwhilethedisplayisdigital.Arecordertraceonapaperchartisananalogrecord.“数字仪器”测量过程中采用数字显示的仪表，典型事例有，数字显示的机械记录仪，数字指示仪，数显控制器等。2.2.16ELECTRONICRECORD:Anycombinationoftext,graphics,data,audio,pictorial,orotherinformationrepresentationindigitalformthatiscreated,modified,maintained,archived,retrieved,ordistributedbyacomputersystem.“电子记录”可在计算机上用数字显示其生成、改进、为此、历史记录、检索记录或分布状况等的测试过程中的图形、数据、频率、报表或其他资料的任何组合。2.2.17ELAPSEDUSAGETIME:Numberofcalendardaysfromthefirstuseofasensor,(regardlessofthenumberofcyclesofuse).经过使用时间：从传感器首次使用算起的使用天数(不计循环使用次数)2.2.18EXPENDABLETHERMOCOUPLES:Thermocouplesmadeoffabricorplasticcoveredwire.Thewireisprovidedincoilsoronspools.Insulationusuallyconsistsofglassbraid,orceramicfiberclothoneachconductorplusglassbraidoverall.“一次性热电偶”指由有织物或塑料包裹的线材制成的热电偶。线材的供货是以卷状或者在绕在工字轮上。绝缘层通常是在每个导体上覆盖玻璃布、石棉或者陶瓷纤维布2.2.19FAILUREOFSURVEYTHERMOCOUPLE:Obviouslyincorrectorerraticactivityofasurveythermocouple该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:6/73indicatedbyextremehighreadings,extremelowreadings,and/orerraticchangesinreadingsnotreflectedbyothersensors.“热电偶失效”：明显失效是指热电偶示值高于最大量程，低于最小量程，和/或热电偶示值不稳定。2.2.20FIELDTESTINSTRUMENT:Aninstrumentthatisportable,thatmeetstherequirementsofTable3,hascalibrationtraceabletosecondaryequipmentorbetterandisusedtoconducton-sitetestsofthermalprocessingequipment.“现场校验仪表”满足表3要求的用于跟踪测试和校验或改善次级现场热处理设备的便携式仪表。2.2.21FLUIDIZEDBEDFURNACE:Afurnacethatcontainsamediumthatbecomessuspendedorfluidizedduetoatmospheregasorproductsofcombustionpassingupwardthroughthemedium.Productisnormallyimmersedinthefluidizedmedium.“流化态炉”指加热介质在常压下变成悬浮或流化介质或者燃烧产物直接通向加热介质的加热炉，被加热物品正常情况下浸没在流化介质中。2.2.22FURNACE:Equipmentusedforthethermalprocessingofmaterialsandparts.Thetermfurnaceincludesovens.“加热炉”用于原材料和零件保温过程，加热炉包含烘箱。2.2.23GROUNDEDJUNCTION:Asheathedthermocouplehavingthehotjunction(measurementjunction)endfusedorweldedtotheendclosureoftheprotectivesheath.“接地接口”指安放端点采用融熔或焊接闭合的装有护套的热电偶的测温孔（测量接口）。2.2.24HEATSINK:Amassofmaterialequivalenttotheheattransfercharacteristicsofthethinnestsectionofthepartbeingheat-treated.HeatsinksmaybeusedduringTUS(3.5.10.1)andduringproduction(3.3.5).“加热槽”在热处理过程中等效于热交换的一种薄型块状物。加热槽可用于“TUS”测试（详见3.5.10.1）和生产（见3.3.5）。2.2.25INTERVAL:Thecalendartimebetween2testsorcalibrations.Examplesinclude:weekorweeklyrequirestheduedateisthesamedayinthefollowingweek–aspanof7calendardays;monthormonthlytoindicatethenexttestoccursonthesamenumericaldayinthefollowingmonth.Ifthemonthlytestisperformedonthe31stdayofamonthfollowedbyamonthwith30days,theduedateisthelastdayofthefollowingmonth(similarfortestsonJanuary29-31–theduedateisthelastdayofthefollowingmonth.Samedefinitionsapplytothebi-weekly,quarterly,semiannualandannualintervals.间隔：两次测试或校检之间的时间.比如包括:周或每周要求的到期日期是下一周的同一天一个跨度为7天；月或每月表明下次测试日期为下个月的同一天；如果每月的测试是在一个月第三十一天和下个月只有30天，到期日是下个月的最后一天（和29-31测试日期一样–到期日试验下个月的最后一天。该定义适用于双周，季度，半年和年度的时间间隔时间的测试）。2.2.26LABORATORYFURNACE:Afurnaceusedonlyfordeterminingresponsetoheattreatmentasrequiredbymaterialspecifications.试验炉：一种仅仅用于确定当按照规范要求热处理时材料反应炉子。2.2.27LOADSENSORS:Sensorsthatareattachedtoorincontactwithproductionmaterial,arepresentationofproductionmaterial,orareburiedintheloadofproductionmaterialandwhichsupplytemperaturedataoftheproductionmaterialtoprocessinstrumentation.“负载传感器”附着在产品或能代表产品的材料上，提供产品材料整个过程温度数据的连接仪表的传感器。2.2.28MAXIMUMPERMITTEDERROR:Atolerancebandforthethermalelectricresponseexpressedindegreesorpercentages.Maximumpermittederrorprovidesatolerancewithinwhichvarioustypesofthermocouples该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:7/73mustconformtostandardthermocouplereferencetables.“最大允许偏差”以温度的电子反应程度或部分绿宝石的公差范围，多种类型的热电偶最大允许偏差应符合热电偶规范中的参考表。2.2.29MATERIALPRODUCER:Themanufacturerthatproducesaproductinaccordancewithamaterialspecificationthatmayrequirebyreferenceconformancetoaheattreatspecification.Casting,extrusionandforgingmanufacturersandtheirapprovedvendorsareconsideredmaterialproducers.Warehouses,distributors,orsimilarorganizationsarenotconsideredmaterialproducers.“材料供应商”参照热处理技术要求生产符合材料技术条件要求产品的制造商，材料供应商须经铸件、挤压件和锻件厂家和他们的买主批准。仓储业、经销商或者类似的组织机构不应看作材料供应商。2.2.30MEASURINGJUNCTION:Thatareaofathermocouplejoinedtogethertocompleteameasurementcircuit,whichisusedtomeasureanunknowntemperature.Alsocalledthehotjunction.“检测接口”供测温用热电偶进入，进行检测的区域，也称为测温孔。2.2.31MONITORINGINSTRUMENT:Aninstrumentconnectedtoacontrolling,monitoring,loadorrecordingsensorthatindicatesprocessequipmenttemperature.Examplesareanindicatingdevice,chartrecorder,electronicdatarecorderoradataacquisitionsystem.“监控仪表”对整个过程温度情况进行监控所连接的仪表或记录传感器，如：指示装置，图案记录仪、电子数据记录器或数据采集系统。2.2.32“MONITORINGSENSOR:Asensorconnectedtothemonitoringinstrument.监控传感器”连接在监控仪表上的传感器。2.2.33NOBLEMETALTHERMOCOUPLE:Thermocouplewhosethermoelementsarecomposedprimarilyofnoblemetals(e.g.,platinum/platinum-rhodium)andtheiralloys.ExamplesofnoblemetalthermocouplesincludetypesR,SandB.“贵金属热电偶”主要由贵重金属（如：铂/铂-铑）和他们的合金组成的热电偶。贵金属热电偶包括R、S和B型热电偶。2.2.34NONEXPENDABLETHERMOCOUPLES:Thermocouplesthatarenotcoveredwithfabricorplasticinsulations.Onetypeconsistsofceramicinsulatorsoverbarethermocouplewire,sometimesinsertedinatubeforstabilityandprotection.Asecondtypeconsistsofacombinationofthermocouplewires,mineralinsulation,andaprotectingmetalsheathcompactedintoasmalldiameter.Thethermocouplethusconstructedisprotected,flexibleand,withinthetemperaturelimitsofthesheathmaterial,maybeusedmanytimeswithoutinsulationbreakdown.Thistypeofthermocouple,conformingtoASTME608,isavailableundermanytradenames.“非一次性热电偶”指没有包覆编织物或者塑料绝缘层的热电偶。第一类非一次性热电偶是在裸露的热电偶线材上包覆陶瓷绝缘材料，有时为了稳定和其保护作用而插在管子里。第二类非一次性热电偶是将热电偶线材、矿质绝缘层和保护性金属鞘并压缩成直径很小的组合体。非一次性热电偶柔韧性好，收到良好的保护，在鞘体材料允许使用的温度限值内可多次重复使用而不损伤其绝缘层。这种热电偶符合SATME608的规定，有多种品牌可供选用。2.2.35OVER-TEMPERATUREINSTRUMENTATION:Aseparatesensorandinstrumentcombinationinstalledinthefurnace,whichisusedtomonitoranyover-temperatureoccurrenceandgenerateanalarmand/orcutbackorshutdownheatinput.Thepurposeforthiscontrolistoprotectmaterialand/orthefurnaceformoverheating.“仪表温度上限”用于实时监控可能出现和产生温度上限而安装在加热炉上的组合传感器/仪表，通过报警和/或缩短或停止加热达到控制温度上限的目的，保护材料和/或加热炉发生过热。2.2.36PARTSHEATTREATMENT:Heattreatmentbyasourceotherthantherawmaterialproducer.Productis该版本为AMS2750E英文版的译本，因译者水平限制，若与英文意思有出入的地方，以英文原版为准！SAEAMS2750E中文译版Page:8/73testedtotherequirementsoftheheattreatprocessingspecificationortoselectedrequirementsofotherspecifications.“零件热处理”零件热处理较原材料生产要复杂，零件热处理应与 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 要求的热处理规范或合同允许的其他规范相一致。2.2.37PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCEPROGRAMorPMPROGRAM:Aprogramforevaluating,takingcorrectiveactionasrequired,anddocumentingtheconditionofitemsthathavepotentialtoadverselyaffectfurnacetemperatureuniformity.FrequencyofPMchecksisestablish