考研英语真题2001年

2001年 Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on. the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) 1. If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I ______ my head in my hands for a cry. [A] bury [B] am burying [C] buried [D] would bury' 2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ______ half a day before the de fenders actually surrendered. [A] to announce [B] announced [C] announcing [D] was announced 3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it. [A] would rather [B] bad to [C] cannot but [D] bad best 4. She felt suitably humble just as she ______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed. [A] had [B] had had [C] would have had [D] has had 5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ______ from leadership of it, would intervene personally. [A] being resigned [B] having resigned [C] going to resign [D] resign 6. So involved with their computers ______ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. [A] became the children [B] become the children [C] had the children become [D] do the children become 7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. [A] everything except [B] anything but [C] no less than [D] nothing more than 8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. [A] By [B] In [C] For [D] With 9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself. [A] as [B] which [C] that [D] what 10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. [A] be [B] being [C] were [D] are Section B Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B] , [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. ( 10 points) 11. He is too young to be, able to ______ between right and wrong. [A] discard [B] discern [C] disperse [D] disregard 12. It was no ______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. [A] coincidence [B] convention [C] certainty [D] complication 13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors. [A] cautiously [B] dutifully [C] faithfully [D] skillfully 14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ______ the welfare of his animals. [A] critical about [B] indignant at [C] indifferent to [D] subject to 15. The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. [A] compelled [B] posed [C] pressed [D] tempted 16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ______. [A] for long [B] in and out [C] once for all [D] by nature 17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ______ and lack of unity in style. [A] conflict [B] confrontation [C] disturbance [D] disharmony 18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once [A] thrived [B] swelled [C] prospered [D] nourished 19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ______ some of the decline in the irun and steel industry. [A] overturn [B] overtake [C] offset [D] oppress 20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ______. [A] firm [B] company [C] corporation [D] enterprise 21. When any non -human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ______. [A] novel [B] remote [C] distant [D] foreign 22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ______ at a garage sale. [A] trifled with [B] scraped through [C] stumbled upon [D] thirsted for 23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ______. [A] descend [B] decline [C] deteriorate [D] depress 24. Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. [A] conforming to [B] consistent with [C] predominant over [D] providing for 25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to ______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020. [A] contend [B] contest [C] rival [D] strive 26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______ for the states and liberty for individuals. [A] autonomy [B] dignity [C] monopoly [D] stability 27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ______ as microorganisms. [A] precisely [B] instantly [C] initially [D] exclusively 28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ______ , particularly in Western Europe. [A] obscure [B] obsolete [C] optional [D] overlapping 29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ______ and needs proving. [A] spontaneous [B] hypothetical [C] intuitive [D] empirical 30. The future of this company is: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net - based businesses. [A] at odds [B] in trouble [C] in vain [D] at stake Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases (31) the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant (32) of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (33) bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (34) and will strictly control the amount of (35) that can be given to a case (36) a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he (37) with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not (38) sufficient control. (39) of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a (40) of media protest when he said the (41) of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges (42) to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which (43) the European Convention on Human Rights legally (44) in Britain, laid down that everybody was (45) to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. "Press freedoms will be in safe hands (46) our British judges," he said. Witness payments became an (47) after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were (48) to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised (49) witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to (50) guilty verdicts. 31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as 32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening 33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft 34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper 35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity 36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as 37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed 38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate 39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure 40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash 41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration 42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than 43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns 44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining 45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified 46.[A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by 47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue 48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told 49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that 50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points) Passage 1 Specialisati0n-can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear - cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate and reflect on the wider geo logical picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the wide spread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 51. The growth speeialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ______. [A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology [C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry 52. We can infer from the passage that ______. [A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation [B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science [C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community [D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______. [A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation [B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study [C] the change of policies in scientific publications [D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 54. The direct reason for specialisation is ______. [A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation [C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societies Passage 2 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and mere commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti - colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infra structure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now.'? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or any where else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you' re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or let ting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 55. Digital divide is something ______. [A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for [C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today 56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ______. [A] offers economic potentials [B] can bring foreign funds [C] can soon wipe out world poverty [D] connects people all over the world 57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ______. [A] providing financial support overseas [B] preventing foreign capital's control [C] building industrial infrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment 58. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on ______. [A] how well-developed it is electronically [B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants [C] whether it adopts America's industrial pattern [D] how much control it has over foreign corporations Passage 3 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self - analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low - level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head -scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready - made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.