ASTM B865–96

Designation: B 865 – 96a Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy (UNS N05500) Bar, Rod, Wire, Forgings, and Forging Stock1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers nickel-copper-aluminum alloy (UNS N05500) in the form of rounds, squares, hexagons, or rectangles, and forgings and forging stock, manufactured either by hot working or cold working, and cold-worked wire. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials2 E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials2 E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3 E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain Size2 E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals2 E 602 Test Method for Sharp-Notch Tension Testing with Cylindrical Specimens2 E 1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys4 2.2 Federal Standards: Fed. Std. No. 102 Preservation, Packaging, and Packing Levels Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) Fed. Std. No. 182 Continuous Identification Marking of Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloys 2.3 Military Standards: MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for Metals 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 bar, , n—material of rectangular (flats), hexagonal, or square solid section up to and including 10 in. (254 mm) in width and 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) and over in thickness in straight lengths. 3.1.2 rod, , n—material of round solid section furnished in straight lengths. 3.1.3 wire, , n—a cold-worked solid product of uniform round cross section along its whole length, supplied in coil form. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following information: 4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, 4.1.2 Alloy name or UNS number (see Table 1), 4.1.3 Shape—rod (round) or bar (square, hexagonal, or rectangular), 4.1.3.1 Forging (sketch or drawing), 4.1.4 Dimensions, including length, (see Tables 2 and 3), 4.1.5 Condition (see Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6), 4.1.6 Forging stock—Specify if material is stock for reforg- ing, 4.1.7 Finish, 4.1.8 Quantity—feet or number of pieces, and 4.1.9 Certification—State if certification or a report of test results is required (Section 15), 4.1.10 Samples for product (check) analysis—State whether samples for product (check) analysis should be furnished, and 4.1.11 Purchaser inspection—If purchaser wishes to witness tests or inspection of material at place of manufacture, the purchase order must so state indicating which test or inspec- tions are to be witnessed. 5. Chemical Composition 5.1 The material shall conform to the composition limits specified in Table 1. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-2 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt, and Alloys Containing Nickel or Cobalt or Both as Principal Constituents. Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published December 1996. Originally published as B 865 – 95. Last previous edition B 865 – 96. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. 1 Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information. 5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the purchaser, the material shall conform to the product (check) analysis variations in Table 1. 6. Mechanical Properties 6.1 Mechanical Properties—The material in the unaged condition shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Table 4. After aging the material shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Table 5 and Table 6. 7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 7.1 Diameter, Thickness, or Width—The permissible varia- tions from the specified dimensions as measured on the diameter or between parallel surfaces of cold-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in Table 7; of hot-worked rod and bar as prescribed in Table 2; and of wire as prescribed in Table 7. 7.2 Out-of-Round—Hot-worked rods and cold-worked rods (except “forging quality”) of all sizes, in straight lengths, shall not be out-of-round by more than one half the total permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 2 and Table 7, except for hot-worked rods 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter and under, which may be cut-of-round by the total permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 2. Cold-worked wire shall not be out-of-round by more than one-half the total permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 7. 7.3 Edges—Square, rectangular, and hexagonal bar and rod shall have angles and corners consistent with commercial practice. 7.4 Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Materials— When the surfaces of hot-worked products are to be machined, the allowances prescribed in Table 8 are recommended for normal machining operations. 7.5 Length—The permissible variations in length of cold- worked and hot-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in Table 9. 7.5.1 Rods and bars ordered to random or nominal lengths will be furnished with either cropped or saw-cut ends; material ordered to cut lengths will be furnished with square, saw-cut, or machined ends. 7.6 Straightness: TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Element Composition Limits, % Product (check) analysis variations, under min or over max, of the specified limit of element, % NickelA 63.0 min 0.45 Aluminum 2.30–3.15 0.20 Carbon 0.18 max 0.01 Iron 2.0 max 0.05 Manganese 1.5 max 0.04 Silicon 0.50 max 0.03 Titanium 0.35–0.85 0.03 min 0.04 max Sulfur 0.010 max 0.003 Copper 27.0–33.0 0.15 min 0.20 max AThe nickel content shall be determined arithmetically by difference. TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces of Hot-Worked Rod and BarA Specified Dimension,B in. (mm) Permissible Variations from Specified Dimensions, in. (mm) Plus Minus Rod and bar, hot worked: 1 (25.4) and under 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.031 (0.79) 0.016 (0.41) Over 2 (50.8) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.047 (1.19) 0.031 (0.79) Over 4 (101.6) 0.125 (3.18) 0.063 (1.60) Rod, rough-turned or ground: Under 1 (25.4) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 1 (25.4) and over 0.031 (0.79) 0 Round rod, semi-smooth, machined: Over 31⁄2 (88.9) 0.031 (0.79) 0 Round rod, smooth finished, machined: Over 31⁄2 (88.9) 0 0.005 (0.13) Forging quality bolt stock (rounds only): 1⁄4 (6.4), 5⁄16 (7.9) 0 0.0062 (0.16) 3⁄8 (9.5), 7⁄16 (11.1), 1⁄2 (12.7) 0 0.0066 (0.17) 9⁄16 (14.3), 5⁄8 (7.9), 11⁄16 (17.5), 3⁄4 (19.1), 13⁄16 (20.6), 7⁄8 (22.2) 0 0.0082 (0.21) 5⁄16 (7.9), 1 (25.4) 0 0.0098 (0.25) 11⁄16 to 11⁄2 (27.0 to 38.1), in 1⁄16 (1.6) increments 0 0.0112 (0.28) ANot applicable to forging stock. BDimensions apply to diameter of rods, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles. TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Straightness of Precision Straightened Cold-Worked Shafting Specified Dimension, in. (mm) Standard Distance Between Supports, in. (mm) Permissible Variations Throw In One Revolution From Straightness, in. (mm) 1⁄2 (12.7) to 15⁄16 (23.8), incl 42 (1070) 0.005 (0.13) Over 15⁄16 (23.8) to 115⁄16 (49.2), incl 42 (1070) 0.006 (0.15) Over 115⁄16 (49.2) to 21⁄2 (63.5), incl 42 (1070) 0.007 (0.18) Over 21⁄2 (63.5) to 4 (101.6), incl 42 (1070) 0.008 (0.20) 3⁄4 (19.0) to 15⁄16 (23.8), incl Specified lengths of 3 to 10 ft (0.91 to 3.05 m) 0.004 (0.10) plus 0.0025 (0.064) for each foot, or fraction thereof, in excess of 3 ft (0.91 m) Over 15⁄16 (23.8) to 4 (101.6), incl Specified lengths of 20 ft (6.10 m) and less 0.005 (0.13) plus 0.0015 (0.038) for each foot, or fraction thereof, in excess of 3 ft (0.91 m) TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties—UnagedA (Bar, Rod, Forgings) Form Condition Hardness Brinell 3000 kg, max Rockwell, max Rounds,B hexagons, squares, rectangles, and forgings Hot-worked 245 C23 Hexagons Cold-worked 260 C26 Rounds: 1⁄4 (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (25.4 mm), incl Cold-worked 280 C29 Over 1 (25.4 mm) to 3 in. (76.2 mm), incl Cold-worked 260 C26 Over 3 (76.2 mm) to 4 in. (101.6 mm), incl Cold-worked 240 C22 Rounds, hexagons, squares, rectangles, and forgings Hot-worked or cold- worked and annealed 185 B90 ANo tensile tests are required except as provided for in 9.2.3. BRounds over 41⁄4 in. (108.0 mm) in diameter shall have hardness of 260 BHN, max. B 865 – 96a 2 NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information. 7.6.1 The permissible variations in straightness of precision-straightened cold-worked rod and bar as determined by the departure from straightness shall be as specified in Table 3. 7.6.2 The permissible variations in straightness of hot- worked, cold-worked, rough-turned, and machined rod and bar as determined by the departure from straightness shall be as specified in Table 10. 7.6.2.1 In determining straightness in the standard 42-in. (1.07-mm) distance between supports or, when specified, in determining straightness in length not in excess of those shown in Table 3, the rod shall be placed on a precision table equipped with ball bearing rollers and a micrometer or dial indicator. The rod then shall be rotated slowly against the indicator, and the deviation from straightness in any portion of the rod between the supports shall not exceed the permissible variations pre- scribed in Table 10. The deviation from straightness (throw in one revolution) is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum readings of the dial indicator in one complete revolution of the rod. 7.7 Forging—Dimensions and tolerances shall be as speci- fied on the order, sketch, or drawing. 7.8 Forging Stock—Dimensions and tolerances shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer. TABLE 5 Mechanical Properties—Age-HardenedA (Bar, Rod, and Forgings) Form Condition Maximum SectionThickness, in. (mm) Tensile Strength, min, ksi (MPa) Yield StrengthB, 0.2 % offset, min, ksi (MPa) ElongationB in 2 in. or 4D, min,% HardnessC Brinell 3000 kg, min Rockwell C, min Rounds,D hexagons, squares, rectangles, and forgingsE Hot-worked and age- hardened All sizes 140 (965) 100 (690) 20.0 265 27 Rounds Cold-worked and 1⁄4 (6.4) to 1 (25.4), incl 145 (1000) 110 (760) 15.0 300 32 age-hardened over 1 (25.4) to 3 (76.2), incl 140 (965) 100 (690) 17.0 280 29 over 3 (76.2) to 4 (101.6), incl 135 (930) 95 (655) 20.0 255 25 Hexagons Cold-worked and age- hardened 1⁄4 (6.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 140 (965) 100 (690) 15.0 265 27 Rounds, hexagons, squares, Annealed and age- Up to 1 (25.4) 130 (895) 90 (620) 20.0 250 24 rectangles, and forgings hardenedF 1 (25.4) and over 130 (895) 85 (585) 20.0 250 24 AAge hardening heat treatment: Age hardening shall be accomplished by holding at an aim temperature of 1100°F (595°C) for 8 to 16 h followed by furnace cooling to 900°F (480°C) at a rate of 15 to 25°F (10 to 15°C) per hour and then air cooling. An alternate procedure consists of holding at 1100°F (595°C) for up to 16 h, furnace cooling to 1000°F (540°C), holding for approximately 6 h, furnace cooling to 900°F (480°C), holding for approximately 8 h, and air cooling to room temperature. (Mill age-hardened products have been precipitation heat treated by the manufacturer and further thermal treatment normally is not required. Hot-worked, cold-worked, or annealed material is normally age hardened by the purchaser after forming or machining.) BNot applicable to subsize tensile specimens less than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm) in diameter. CHardness values are given for information only and are not the basis for acceptance or rejection. DRounds over 41⁄4 in. (108.0 mm) in diameter shall have an elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm) or 4D of 17 %, min. EWhen specified, for forged rings and discs, hardness measurements may be utilized in lieu of tensile test. FApplicable to both hot-worked and cold-worked material. TABLE 6 Tensile Strength of Cold-Drawn Wire in Coils Condition and Size, in. (mm) Tensile Strength, min,ksi (MPa) Cold-worked, as-worked, all sizes 110–155 (760–1070)A Cold-worked and annealed, all sizes 110 (760)B Cold-worked, spring temper, as-drawn 0.057 (1.45) and lessC 165 (1140) Over 0.057 to 0.114 (1.45 to 2.90), incl 155 (1070) Over 0.114 to 0.229 (2.90 to 5.82), incl 150 (1035) Over 0.229 to 0.312 (5.82 to 7.92), incl 145 (1000) Over 0.312 to 0.375 (7.92 to 9.52), incl 135 (930) Over 0.375 to 0.437 (9.52 to 11.10), incl 125 (860) Over 0.437 to 0.563 (11.10 to 14.30), incl 120 (825) Cold-worked, annealed, and age-hardened,D all sizes 130 (895) Cold-worked, as drawn, age-hardened,D all sizes 155 (1070) Cold-worked, spring temper, and age-hardenedD Up to 0.114 (2.90), incl 180 (1240) Over 0.114 to 0.375 (2.90 to 9.52), incl 170 (1170) Over 0.375 to 0.563 (9.52 to 14.30), incl 160 (1105) AMaximum and minimum. BMaximum. CApplicable to material in coil. For material in straightened and cut lengths, deduct 15 ksi (105 MPa) from above values. DAge hardening heat treatment: Age hardening shall be accomplished by holding at an aim temperature of 1100°F (595°C) for 8 to 16 h followed by furnace cooling to 900°F (480°C) at a rate of 15 to 25°F (10 to 15°C) per hour and then air cooling. An alternate procedure consists of holding at 1100°F (595°C) for up to 16 h, furnace cooling to 1000°F (540°C), holding for approximately 6 h, furnace cooling to 900°F (480°C), holding for approximately 8 h, and air cooling to room temperature. (Mill age-hardened products have been precipitation heat treated by the manufacturer and further thermal treatment is not normally required. Hot-worked, cold-worked, or annealed material is normally age hardened by the purchaser after forming or machining.) TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces of Cold-Worked Rod and Bar Specified Dimension,A in. (mm) Permissible Variations From Specified Dimension, in. (mm) Plus Minus Rounds: 1⁄16 (1.6) to 3⁄16 (4.8), excl 0 0.002 (0.05) 3⁄16 (4.8) to 1⁄2 (12.7), excl 0 0.003 (0.08) 1⁄2 (12.7) to 15⁄16 (23.8), incl 0 0.002 (0.05)B Over 15⁄16 (23.8) to 115⁄16 (49.2), incl 0 0.003 (0.08)B Over 115⁄16 (49.2) to 21⁄2 (63.5), incl 0 0.004 (0.10)B Over 21⁄2 (63.5) to 3 (76.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13)B Over 3 (76.2) to 31⁄2 (88.9), incl 0 0.006 (0.15)B Over 31⁄2 (88.9) to 4 (101.6), incl 0 0.007 (0.18)B Hexagons, squares, rectangles: 1⁄2 (12.7) and less 0 0.004 (0.10) Over 1⁄2 (12.7) to 7⁄8 (22.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13) Over 7⁄8 (22.2) to 11⁄4 (31.8), incl 0 0.007 (0.18) Over 11⁄4 (31.8) to 2 (50.8), incl 0 0.009 (0.23) ADimensions apply to diameter of rounds, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles. BFor cold-worked, age-hardened, bright finish shafting, an additional minus 0.002 (0.05) tolerance will be permitted. B 865 – 96a 3 NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information. 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 8.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and condition, smooth, commercially straight or flat, and free of injurious imperfections. 9. Sampling 9.1 Lot—Definition: 9.1.1 A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat. 9.1.2 A lot for mechanical properties testing shall consist of all material from the same heat, same nominal cross-sectional or forging size, and condition. 9.1.2.1 A lot for forging stock shall consist of one heat. 9.1.2.2 Where material cannot be identified by heat, a lot shall consist of not more than 500 lb (227 kg) of material in the same size and condition. 9.2 Test Material Selection: 9.2.1 Chemical Analysis—Representative samples from each lot shall be taken during pouring or subsequent process- ing. 9.2.1.1 Product (check) analysis shall be wholly the respon- sibility of the purchaser. 9.2.2 Mechanical Properties—Samples of the material to provide test specimens for mechanical properties shall be taken from such locations in each lot as to be representative of that lot. 9.2.3 Unaged Material—For material ordered in the unaged condition, one test specimen shall be taken from each lot as defined in 9.1.2. The specimen shall be obtained from the actual material to be shipped or from a forged test coupon when applicable. The specimen shall be aged, or annealed and aged, as required by either applicable Table 5 or Table 6. Tests need not be repeated when unaged material from the same heat can be identified with a lot that has been tested in the specified condition and found to meet the requirements of this specifi- cation. 10. Number of Tests 10.1 Chemical Analysis—one test per lot. 10.2 Tension—one test per lot. 10.3 Hardness—one test per lot. 11. Specimen Preparation 11.1 Rod and Bar: 11.1.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken from material in the final condition and tested in the direction of fabrication. 11.1.2 All rod, bar, and wire shall be tested in full cross section size when possible. When a full cross section size test cannot be performed, the largest possible round specimen shown in Test Methods E 8 shall be used. Longitudinal strip TABLE 8 Normal Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Material Finished-Machined Dimensions for Finishes as Indicated Below, in. (mm)A Normal Machining Allowance, in. (mm) On Diameter, for Rods Distance Between Parallel Surfaces for Hexagonal and Square Bar For Rectangular Bar On Thickness On Width Hot-worked:B Up to 7⁄8 (22.2), incl 1⁄8 (3.2) 1⁄8 (3.2) 1⁄8 (3.2) 3⁄16 (4.8) Over 7⁄8 to 17⁄8 (22.2 to 47.6), incl 1⁄8 (3.2) 3⁄16 (4.8) 1⁄8 (3.2) 3⁄16 (4.8) Over 17⁄8 to 27⁄8 (47.6 to 73.0), incl 3⁄16 (4.8) 1⁄4 (6.4) ... 3⁄16 (4.8) Over 27⁄8 to 313⁄16 (73.0 to 96.8), incl 1⁄4 (6.4) ... ... 3⁄16 (4.8) Over 313⁄16 (96.8) 1⁄4 (6.4) ... ... 3⁄8 (9.5) Hot-worked rods: Rough-turned or rough- ground:C 15⁄16 to 4 (23.8 to 101.6), incl in diameter 1⁄16 (1.6) ... ... ... Over 4 to 12 (101.6 to 304.8), incl in diameter 1⁄8 (3.2) ... ... ... ADimensions apply to diameter of rods, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagonal and square bar, and separately to width and thickness of rectangular bar. BThe allowances for hot-worked material in Table 5 are recommended for rods machined in lengths of 3 ft (0.91 m) or less and for bars machined in lengths of 2 ft (0.61 m) or less. Hot-worked material to be machined in longer lengths should be specified showing the finished cross-sectional dimension and the length in which the material will be machined in order that the manufacturer may supply material with sufficient oversize, including allowance for out-of-straightness. CApplicable to 3 ft (0.91 m) max length. TABLE 9 Permissible Variations in Length of Rods and Bars Random mill lengths: Hot-worked 6 to 24 ft (1.83 to 7.31 m) long with not more than 25 weight % between 6 and 9