考研英语语法之比较结构

比较结构 一、同级比较 as…as, the same…as 与…一样 She has written as many essays as her brother (has). no more… than或 not…any more than 和…一样不 The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A is to B what/as C is to D 和…一样 Air is to us as/what water is to fish. Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 麦克沃特先生在学术上专攻语言史和语言变化。例如：他把“whom”的逐渐消失看成是自然而然的过程，与古英语中词格尾缀的消失一样毫不可惜。 补充： no more…than这一句型有变体形式not…any more than，是考研英语中出现比较频繁的句型。功能上看，这一句型表示的是两个事物之间的类比关系，即用than后面的事物来作比，阐明前面所要表达的观点。意思上讲，这个结构表示：和…一样不。注意：than后面的句子为肯定形式，但要译成否定意义。 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德，就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业行为规范一样。 二、the more…the more句型比较 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access – after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. 随着互联网日趋商业化，普及使用符合商家的利益——毕竟，在线的人数越多，潜在的客户就越多。 三、表示达到最高程度的比较 否定词+more 十分、非常 I can’t agree with you more. There are few things I regret more. no+名词+ more…than 没有什么比…更、 莫过于 No tool is more powerful for understanding the natural world than the scientific method. more…than+ anyone/ anything else 比其他任何…都…、最…、没有比…更… He did more work this morning than anyone else. nothing as…as/ nothing like 最、没有比…更… Nothing in the present-day world is so popular as Internet. the only+名词 最好的、独一无二的 He is the only man for this study. 四、表示“倍数”比较的三种句型 倍数+as+形容词或副词+as An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet. 倍数+名词+of The bridge is three times the length of that one. 倍数+比较级+than This hole is three times deeper than that one. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many as women as men. 每出生100名女婴就会出生105名男婴，但这个比例在成年人中基本持平，在70岁的老人中，女性是男性的两倍。 According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. 加拿大医疗信息协会的资料表明，自1997年以来，处方药费用的增长速度是整个医疗费用增长速度的两倍。 When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 美国二战后进入这样一个辉煌的时期，它拥有比任何竞争对手都大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模无可匹敌。 五、(jsut) as…, so…结构，表示类比 此句型表示“正如…所以…”，so后面的句子多用倒装结构。 Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere. 正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气层同样也是地球的一部分。 六、not…so much as…比较 此句型从结构上看可以有not A so much as B或者not so much A as B两种，其中A和B是两个被比较的平行结构，如：同为介词短语，动词不定式，名词短语或者其他平行结构。从意义上看，其基本含义为“与其说A倒不如说B”或者“是B，而不是A”。 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普遍的东西。 For the women of my generation who are urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, 状语 downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much as a search for the mythical good life – growing your 主语 own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one – as a personal recognition of your limitations. 对于我们这一代生活在80年代的被敦促要搏击生活的女性来说，在90年代中期过着节奏放慢的生活，与其说是对神秘的美好生活的追求—自己种有机蔬菜，冒险成为一名菜农—倒不如说我们认识到了自身的局限。 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and 定语从句 perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一--在欧洲近年来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连接到一起，其作用之大前所未有。 七、其他more than结构的理解与翻译 1. more than + 动词或名词：不仅仅是，不只是 They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflection on human problems which involve moral judgment. 他们（知识分子）可能很会教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考。 Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is a companion. 收音机与我们的生活息息相关，所以它不只是媒体，更是我们的伙伴。 2. more than + 数字：多于… The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred 主语 years ago, and the selective role of environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the 主语 individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用才刚开始被认识和研究。 3. more than + 形容词：非常 The USA remains more than capable of holding Iraq down, while confronting North Korea and Iran – its next main targets. 美国在推翻伊拉克的同时，完全还有实力可以与接下来的主要目标朝鲜和伊朗对抗。 4. nothing more than结构：只不过是 The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is nothing more than an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. 美味电视观众总会觉得，在众多形形色色的观众当中，自己只不过是无足轻重的一小分子。 5. no less than/nothing less than结构：不亚于…，相当与… This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 这一点就足以证明，要再电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实—在80个欧洲电视网中，多大一般在1989年出现了亏损。 6. more than…can：达到不可能的程度，简直不能 The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. 那地方的景色之美简直让我无法形容。 八、other than 与 rather than A rather than B: 是A而不是B，与其A不如B，否定than后面的B，A、B为并列关系 A other than B: 除了B以外还有A，A、B为从属关系，B从属于A The waterwheel is a mechanism designed to harness energy from a source other than animals. 水轮机这种装置利用的不是动物能。 The waterwheel is a mechanism designed to harness energy from water rather than animals. 水轮机这种装置利用的不是动物能而是水能。 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. 从技术角度出发，出了视频之外，任何能改变我们省力或心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药物或嗜毒者使用的非法化学品。 比较结构练习： In fact, the more new things we try – the more we step outside our comfort zone – the more inherently creative we become, both in workplace and in our personal lives. 事实上，我们越是尝试新的东西—我们越多的跨出自己的舒适范围—我们就会变得越有塑造性，不管是在职场上还是在个人生活中。 That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. 这意味着海洋中还有更大比例的鱼类正在被捕杀，因此现在和以前的数据真正的差别有可能比所记录的捕获量的变化更糟。 PAGE 1