韦博英语教材New Dynamic English 6

www.dyned.com Module 6 2 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 Course Structure...........................................................................................................4 Purpose of this Guide ...................................................................................................5 Study Tips......................................................................................................................6 Getting Started ..............................................................................................................7 Before Using Speech Recognition...............................................................................9 How to Use Speech Recognition................................................................................10 Life Experience............................................................................................................12 Matrix Vocabulary .......................................................................................................17 Comparisons ...............................................................................................................18 Review Exercises ........................................................................................................24 Video Interactions .......................................................................................................30 Appendix A: About Speech Recognition Technology .............................................32 Appendix B: Verb Markers..........................................................................................35 Appendix C: Answer Key for Practice Exercises.....................................................37 3 Introduction Welcome to New Dynamic English! New Dynamic English is the key that will open the door to successful communication in English. The course is based on classroom-proven instructional strategies and techniques, and has been created by experienced teachers. New Dynamic English maximizes the effectiveness of multimedia by focusing on the key skill necessary to acquire any language: listening. Each module provides carefully sequenced listening input with native speaker models, including a variety of listening tasks and follow-up exercises. The language is carefully chosen and sequenced to ensure comprehension at each level while at the same time remaining natural. Thanks to DynEd’s unique interactive program, you can study at your own pace. At any point in the program you have instant access to repetition, the English text, and glossary screens which give additional information and examples. You may also record your own voice as many times as you like and compare your recording with the native speaker model. Speech Recognition exercises offer a powerful way to increase your spoken fluency. Please note that you should check your hardware to ensure it meets the minimum hardware requirements to access the Speech Recognition features of this program. 4 Course Structure Levels There are four levels in the New Dynamic English series, each with two modules. Dynamic English 1 is intended for beginners. Dynamic English 2 is aimed at the low intermediate level, and Dynamic English 3 is for intermediate students. Dynamic English 4 is for upper-intermediate and advanced level students. In addition to building listening and speaking skills for communication in English, the course provides a strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary. Lessons There are several different types of lessons within New Dynamic English. Content lessons introduce characters and present information about their lives and activities, or discuss subjects of general interest such as the seasons, weather and the environment. Other lessons review and practice the language points introduced in the content lessons. The Question Practice lesson in Module 1 provides intensive work in question formation and comprehension. In Module 2, a Matrix Game provides a challenging way to review the language from the Vocabulary Practice lesson. Focus Exercises in each module give practice in specific grammatical structures. Speech Practice and Video Interactions offer speaking practice using state-of-the-art Speech Recognition technology. The Dictations and Grammar Fill-Ins in both modules focus on important language at the individual word level. These exercises should be saved until last. 5 Purpose of this Guide The Focus Tasks included in this Guide, along with the written exercises, will help focus your study. It is important to concentrate on one or two different points each study session. For example, a focus task may direct you to concentrate on a particular character, or on the use of a particular grammatical structure or topic. The first time you enter a lesson you may decide to skim through it to see what topics and language it covers. Then it is important to begin intensive study, sentence by sentence. Master each point by going over it several times. You shouldn't try to cover everything in one study session. Concentrated, intensive study and repetitive practice is the best way to improve your English. Please note that each time you go through a lesson you may find new questions and new sentences. If you try the Focus Tasks out of sequence, you may be listening for language that hasn't yet appeared in the program. This is because the program's shuffler feature gradually introduces new language into a lesson as your level increases. As a follow-up to each interactive session, try repeating from memory some of the sentences you have focused on, and see if you can write them down. Where appropriate, practice using the language of the lesson to talk about yourself and your own life. For further follow-up, complete the practice exercises in this guide and check your answers against the Answer Key. 6 Study Tips We recommend that interactive study be in periods of 20-45 minutes. For best results, study each of the lessons several times, preferably on different days. Consult with the Student Records to keep track of how much time you have spent and of your level in each lesson. (See your User’s Guide for information about Student Records.) You should study each lesson until your level reaches 2.5 or higher and you feel confident with the language. Then move on to the next lesson. Learning a language is like learning to play a musical instrument. It is a skill that must be acquired over time, through constant practice and repetition. The more time you spend in each lesson, the more you will learn. As with learning to play an instrument, practice time must be focused to be well spent. It is helpful if each time you study you do so with a purpose or a goal for the practice session. This helps you to concentrate and facilitates long-term acquisition of the language. 7 Getting Started When you start the first lesson, follow this procedure to familiarize yourself with the program. 1. For each sentence, click on the pause button. It will change to the play button and will flash green. 2. With the play button flashing, click on the repeat button. This will repeat the sentence. The play button will continue to flash. 3. For bilingual versions, click on the translation button. The play button will continue to flash. 4. Click on the ABC button. This will give you the text of the sentence. Click on one of the highlighted words to see the Glossary. The play button will continue to flash. Voice Record Repeat Voice Playback Pause ABC Text Play Translation Rewind Exit Fast Forward 8 5. Next, click on the play button so that it stops flashing. This will take you to the next sentence. Please remember that when the PLAY button is flashing green, the program is stopped. To continue, you must click on the flashing green PLAY button, or, if a question is being asked, you may click on an answer. 6. Repeat the above series of steps for each new sentence. To go back, click on the rewind button, or exit the lesson. 7. When you come to a comprehension question, the program will time down and wait for you to click on an answer. If you want to hear the question again, click on the repeat button. To answer a question, click on a picture or word, and the program will say, “Yes, that’s right,” or “Please try again.” 8. After you have listened to the first few sentences a few times, go back and repeat each sentence. To go back, keep clicking on the rewind button until you are at the first sentence. 9. To record your voice, click on the record button which will turn green. Then click on the playback button to hear your recording. To compare your recording with the native speaker, click on the repeat button, and then the playback button. Repeating each sentence is an excellent way to improve both your listening and your speaking. If a sentence is too long, try repeating just the first or last part of it. If this is still too difficult, go through the sentences again without repeating them until you feel more confident. Don’t try to practice speaking until you are comfortable with the sounds and can hold them in your memory. 10. After about 20-30 minutes, stop. Don’t try to do too much the first time. The first unit in each module will require several hours of practice. To check your Shuffler level, access the Glossary, or see your Study Records, go to the Options menu. (See your User’s Guide for a description of these features.) 9 Before Using Speech Recognition The most effective way to go through each module in this course is to master the presentation and question/answer sections first. Build your listening comprehension and then your detailed understanding of the vocabulary and sentence structures before attempting the Speech Recognition lessons. Once you are confident with the language, you are ready to try the Speech Recognition lessons: Question Practice, Fill-Ins, Speech Practice, and Video Interactions. In addition to the instructions in this guide, Help screens are available in each lesson. Please also see the section About Speech Recognition Technology for further information. 10 How to Use Speech Recognition This is the Speech Meter. When the Recognizer is listening, the Speech Meter will appear. When the Recognizer is not listening, the Speech Meter will disappear. To turn the Speech Recognizer off or on, select On or Off from the Speech pull-down menu. Stop Speech Recognition Button: When you are finished speaking you may click here to increase the speed of the Recognizer, or to restart if you have made a mistake. Speak Again Button: To speak again, click here. The Speech Meter will appear. OK Button: Sometimes the Recognizer wants to show you what it thinks you said. The text will be displayed, and the OK button will appear. Click OK if the text is what you intended to say. If not, then click on the speak again button. Playback Button: When the Recognizer is on, your voice is also being recorded. If you want to hear what you said, click on the playback button. 11 When using the Speech Recognizer, please check the following: 1. Check the difficulty level in the pull-down Speech menu. If Intermediate or Expert is checked, the Recognizer will be stricter, so your speed and pronunciation will need to be a bit better. If Beginner is checked, the Recognizer is set to a very basic level that will make it easier for you. 2. If you are having difficulty with a sentence or word, please vary your speech, including word linkage and stress patterns. Don’t keep on repeating yourself in exactly the same way. Speak clearly—not too slowly, and not too fast. Sometimes linking two words will also help (e.g. “She’s going . . .” instead of “She is going . . .”). In other cases word separation will be better (e.g. “Here are” instead of “Here’re”). Stress is also very important. For example, “fifteen” can be pronounced as “fifTEEN” or as “FIFteen,” which can be confused with “FIFty.” Please remember that the Speech Recognizer listens for sound patterns. If two patterns are very similar, the Recognizer may not be able to tell the difference. 3. Other potential problems are: speech has been turned off faulty microphone or microphone connection microphone too far away from speaker’s mouth, or the speaker is speaking too loudly speaking too soon, before the Speech Meter appears speech record function isn’t working properly, or the volume is too low (see User’s Guide) How to Change the Difficulty In the Speech menu, select Intermediate or Expert to increase the difficulty. This will require more accurate and clearer speech for recognition to be successful. To reduce the difficulty, select Beginner in the Speech menu. 12 Life Experience In this lesson you will learn to talk about your experience: what you have done and when you did it, your current situation, and your plans for the future. The lesson focuses on more complex verb tenses, such as has been arrested, was arrested, and how to express your wishes and hopes for the future. Focus 1 Click on Making a New Life. Focus on Richard and his family. What has Richard done during the past eight years? Make a list of the main events in his life. Practice saying each of these sentences. Notice the use of for to talk about periods of time. He has taught science at a small college for the past five years. Before that, for two years, he was a graduate student at Newton University. Focus 2 Click on A Path to Success. Focus on John. Practice saying the sentences that describe his experience as a writer and his travel experience. Notice the difference in meaning between the simple past V(d), he went to Japan, and the present perfect have +V(n), John has traveled to many countries. His first book was rejected. His next book was much better. He has written several books. Four of his books have been best sellers. Follow-up Practice List two experiences that you have had by yourself, with your family, or with friends. Example: Three years ago my family and I went skiing for the first time. Last summer I started playing ____. 13 Focus 3 Click on A Troubled Past. Focus on Jack. What has happened to him during his life? Listen for sentences with the passive voice be + V(n). Practice saying these sentences. Notice the difference between the active voice, The police arrested him, and the passive voice, He was arrested, to express the same information. When he was eighteen, he stole a car. The police caught him and arrested him. That was the first time he was arrested. Since then he has been arrested twice. Focus 4 Study all three characters. Look for phrases that say when something happened: at the same time, after about two years, a year later, since then, etc. Practice saying these sentences. After only three months in London, she became a successful model. During that time, their relationship got better. Follow-up Practice Summarize your experience from the past ten years. Use the simple past tense V(d) to express your past actions, and use the present perfect have+V(n) to express your overall experience. Example: In 1990 I went to _____. Two years later, I ______. Since 1990 I have lived in three different cities. Focus 5 Review the whole lesson. Listen to and practice saying sentences about the future using hope, wish, and would like to. He hopes to return to Hong Kong someday. He wishes he could start his life over. He would like to have a family. 14 Focus Exercises In this lesson you can practice forming sentences. 1. Click and drag the words to form a sentence. 2. In some cases there are more words than you will need, so you should select which words you need and then arrange them in the correct order within the sentence. 15 Practice Exercises Exercise A Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the indicated verb. John (be) is a well-known writer. He (write) _______________ several books. Four of his books (be) _______________ best-sellers. Now John (write) _______________ a book about the life of Mikhail Gorbachev. John (like) _______________ to travel. He (travel) _______________ to many parts of the world. When he was eighteen years old, he (go) _______________ to the U.S. and Canada. A year later he (go) _______________ to Japan and Korea. Since then, he (go) _______________ to a different country every year. Exercise B Circle the correct word. Example: John worked for a large company ( for , since ) six years. 1. When John was nineteen he went to Japan and Korea. ( After, Since ) then, he has been to a different country every year. 2. Richard has taught science ( for, since ) the past five years. 3. Richard and his girlfriend came to England eight years ago. ( After, Since ) about two years they got married. 4. They have lived in England ( for , since ) almost eight years. 16 Exercise C Write a new sentence with the same meaning using the passive. Example: They kicked Jack out of school. Jack was kicked out of school. 1. The police have arrested Jack three times. _____________________________________________________________ 2. They caught Jack and put him in jail. _____________________________________________________________ 3. The publishers rejected John’s first book. _____________________________________________________________ 4. The government gave Richard a grant to study in the U.K. _____________________________________________________________ Exercise D Fill in the blanks with the correct form of hope, wish, or would like to. Example: Richard hopes to return to Hong Kong someday. 1. John _______________ have a family. 2. Jack _______________ he could start his life over. 3. John _______________ to get married within the next two or three years. 4. Richard _______________ contribute to the future of Hong Kong. 17 Matrix Vocabulary Vocabulary Practice Vocabulary Practice is an enjoyable way to learn new vocabulary and develop your listening comprehension. Five subject areas are covered. To start, click on one of the five icons on the left side of the screen to select the subject you want to study. Then click on each of the pictures in the center of the screen to hear the sentences for each. Next, click on Quiz and you will hear a question. When you hear the question, please click on the correct answer. When you want to change subjects, click on one of the icons on the left side of the screen. Matrix Game The Matrix Game lets you test what you have learned in Vocabulary Practice. Listen to the questions and click on the correct answers. You will have 3 to 5 minutes to answer as many questions as you can. When you are finished, check your score and play again. Try to improve your score. 18 Comparisons In this lesson you will learn how to compare people, places, and objects. You will practice asking and answering questions related to similarities and differences in: age, cost, height, weight, distance,