AS1170.1-2002

AS/NZS1170.1:2002(IncludingAmendmentNo.1)Australian/NewZealandStandard™StructuraldesignactionsPart1:Permanent,imposedandotheractionsAS/NZS1170.1:2002AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:2002ThisJointAustralian/NewZealandStandardwaspreparedbyJointTechnicalCommitteeBD-006,GeneralDesignRequirementsandLoadingonStructures.ItwasapprovedonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsAustraliaon29March2002andonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsNewZealandon28March2002.ThisStandardwaspublishedon4June2002.ThefollowingarerepresentedonCommitteeBD-006:AssociationofConsultingEngineersAustraliaAustralianBuildingCodesBoardAustralianInstituteofSteelConstructionBuildingResearchAssociationofNewZealandCementandConcreteAssociationofAustraliaCSIRO,Building,ConstructionandEngineeringCycloneTestingStation—JamesCookUniversityElectricitySupplyAssociationofAustraliaHousingIndustryAssociationInstitutionofEngineersAustraliaInstitutionofProfessionalEngineersNewZealandMasterBuildersAustraliaNewZealandHeavyEngineeringResearchAssociationSteelReinforcementInstituteofAustraliaUniversityofNewcastleUniversityofAuckland(NewZealand)UniversityofCanterbury,NewZealandUniversityofMelbourneKeepingStandardsup-to-dateStandardsarelivingdocumentswhichreflectprogressinscience,technologyandsystems.Tomaintaintheircurrency,allStandardsareperiodicallyreviewed,andneweditionsarepublished.Betweeneditions,amendmentsmaybeissued.Standardsmayalsobewithdrawn.ItisimportantthatreadersassurethemselvestheyareusingacurrentStandard,whichshouldincludeanyamendmentswhichmayhavebeenpublishedsincetheStandardwaspurchased.DetailedinformationaboutjointAustralian/NewZealandStandardscanbefoundbyvisitingtheStandardsWebShopatwww.standards.com.auorStandardsNewZealandwebsiteatwww.standards.co.nzandlookinguptherelevantStandardintheon-linecatalogue.Alternatively,bothorganizationspublishanannualprintedCataloguewithfulldetailsofallcurrentStandards.Formorefrequentlistingsornotificationofrevisions,amendmentsandwithdrawals,StandardsAustraliaandStandardsNewZealandofferanumberofupdateoptions.Forinformationabouttheseservices,usersshouldcontacttheirrespectivenationalStandardsorganization.WealsowelcomesuggestionsforimprovementinourStandards,andespeciallyencouragereaderstonotifyusimmediatelyofanyapparentinaccuraciesorambiguities.PleaseaddressyourcommentstotheChiefExecutiveofeitherStandardsAustraliaorStandardsNewZealandattheaddressshownonthebackcover.ThisStandardwasissuedindraftformforcommentasDR99310.AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:2002(IncludingAmendmentNo.1)Australian/NewZealandStandard™StructuraldesignactionsPart1:Permanent,imposedandotheractionsCOPYRIGHT©StandardsAustralia/StandardsNewZealandAllrightsarereserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedorcopiedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher.JointlypublishedbyStandardsAustralia,GPOBox476,Sydney,NSW2001andStandardsNewZealand,PrivateBag2439,Wellington6020ISBN0733744710OriginatedinAustraliaaspartofASCA1—1933.OriginatedinNewZealandaspartofNZS1900:1964.PreviousAustralianeditionsAS1170.1—1989andAS2867—1986.PreviousNewZealandeditionNZS4203:1992.AS1170.1—1989,AS2867—1986andNZS4203:1992jointlyrevised,amalgamatedandredesignatedinpartasAS/NZS1170.1:2002.ReissuedwithAmendmentNo.1attached(April2005).AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:20022PREFACEThisStandardwaspreparedbytheJointStandardsAustralia/StandardsNewZealandCommitteeBD-006,GeneralDesignRequirementsandLoadingonStructures,tosupersede,inpart,AS1170.1—1989,Minimumdesignloadsonstructures,Part1:Deadandliveloads,andinpartNZS4203:1992,Codeofpracticeforgeneralstructuraldesignanddesignloadingsforbuildingsand,inpart,AS2867—1986,Farmstructures—Generalrequirementsforstructuraldesign.ThiseditionoftheStandardincludesAmendmentNo.1whichisattachedattheendofthedocument.Inordertoavoidconfusion,theAmendmenthasnotyetbeenincorporatedintotheclausesoftheStandardbecause,atthetimeofpublicationoftheAmendment,theyhadnotyetbeenreferencedbytheBCA.ThisStandardispublishedasajointStandard(asarealsoAS/NZS1170.0andAS/NZS1170.2)anditisintendedthatitissuitableforuseinNewZealandaswellasinAustralia.However,NZS4203,GeneralstructuraldesignanddesignloadingsforbuildingsremainscurrentinNewZealanduntilthepublicationofallparts(includingPart4:Earthquakeaction)andforatransitionperiodafterwards.ThisStandardwillbereferencedintheBuildingCodeofAustraliabywayofBCAAmendment11tobePublishedon1July2002,therebysupersedingthepreviousedition,AS1170.1—1989,whichwillbewithdrawn12monthsfromthedateofpublicationofthisEdition.TheobjectiveofthisStandardistoprovidedesignersofstructureswithvaluesrepresentingthepermanentactions,likelyactionsimposedduetouseandoccupancy,andotheractionsappropriatetothetypeofstructureforuseinstructuraldesign.ThisStandardisPart1oftheAS/NZS1170seriesStructuraldesignactions,whichcomprisesthefollowingparts,eachofwhichhaveanaccompanyingCommentarypublishedasaSupplement:AS/NZS1170.0Part0:Generalprinciples.1170.1Part1:Permanent,imposedandotheractions.1170.2Part2:Windaction.1170.3Part3:Snowaction.1170.4Part4:Earthquakeaction.TheCommentarytothisStandardisAS/NZS1170.1Supp1,Structuraldesignactions—Permanent,imposedandotheractions—Commentary(SupplementtoAS/NZS1170.1).ThisStandardisnotequivalenttoISO9194:1987,Basesfordesignofstructures—Actionsduetotheself-weightofstructures,non-structuralelementsandstoredmaterials—Density.However,itdoesconformtothatStandard(whichstates‘Eachcountryinitsrelevantstandardsshoulduseitstraditionalvalueswhichareintheindicatedrange’).ExtractsfromthedatagiveninISO9194areprovidedintheCommentarytothisStandard.ThisStandardisnotequivalenttoISO2103:1986,LoadsduetouseandoccupancyinresidentialandpublicbuildingsortoISO2633:1974,Determinationofimposedfloorloadsinproductionbuildingsandwarehouses.ThephilosophyofimposedactionsinthisStandardisbasedonISO2103andISO2633.ISO2103statesthatthevaluesitgivesarethelowestvaluesgivenintheNationalStandardsthatwereconsidered.ItisnotusedinEuropeorNorthAmerica.ThisStandardgivesvaluesthatareeitherequivalenttoorgreaterthanthoseinISO2103.ThisStandarddoesconformtoISO2633forallvaluesexceptforthedistributedloadforparking,whichisgivenas3.0kPainISO2633.ThishighervalueisnotusedinEuropeorNorthAmerica.AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar20063AS/NZS1170.1:2002Thiseditionincorporatesthefollowingprincipalchangesfromthepreviousedition:(a)DeadandliveloadsforAustraliaandNewZealandhavebeenincluded.(b)LoadcombinationsandothergeneralreliabilityclauseshavebeenremovedtothenewStandardAS/NZS1170.0,Generalprinciples.(c)TheinformationonmovementeffectshasbeenincludedinAS/NZS1170.0Supp1,CommentaryonGeneralprinciples.(d)PermanentandimposedloadsfromAS2867,Farmstructures—Generalrequirementsforstructuraldesign,havebeenincluded.(e)Theprovisionforoccasionalloadingof4.5kNforrooftrussesorroofstructuresinindustrialorcommercialbuildingshasbeendeleted.Theterm‘normative’hasbeenusedinthisStandardtodefinetheapplicationoftheappendixtowhichitapplies.A‘normative’appendixisanintegralpartofaStandard.StatementsexpressedinmandatorytermsinnotestotablesaredeemedtobeanintegralpartofthisStandard.NotestothetextcontaininformationandguidanceandarenotconsideredtobeanintegralpartoftheStandard.AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:20024CONTENTSPageSECTION1SCOPEANDGENERAL1.1SCOPE........................................................................................................................51.2APPLICATION...........................................................................................................51.3DETERMINATIONOFDESIGNACTIONS.............................................................51.4REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS..................................................................................51.5DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................61.6NOTATION................................................................................................................6SECTION2PERMANENTACTIONS2.1GENERAL..................................................................................................................72.2CALCULATIONOFSELF-WEIGHT........................................................................72.3PROVISIONFORPARTITIONS................................................................................72.4REMOVABLEITEMS................................................................................................7SECTION3IMPOSEDACTIONS3.1GENERAL..................................................................................................................83.2CONCENTRATEDACTIONS....................................................................................83.3PARTIALLOAD........................................................................................................83.4FLOORS......................................................................................................................83.5ROOFANDSUPPORTINGELEMENTS.................................................................123.6BARRIERS................................................................................................................133.7ACTIONSFROMINSTALLEDCRANES,HOISTS,LIFTSANDMACHINERY.153.8CARPARKS.............................................................................................................163.9GRANDSTANDS......................................................................................................17SECTION4LIQUIDPRESSURE,GROUNDWATER,RAINWATERPONDINGANDEARTHPRESSURE4.1GENERAL................................................................................................................184.2LIQUIDPRESSURE.................................................................................................184.3GROUNDWATER...................................................................................................184.4RAINWATERPONDING.........................................................................................184.5EARTHPRESSURE.................................................................................................18APPENDICESAUNITWEIGHTSOFMATERIALS..........................................................................19BOTHERIMPOSEDACTIONS..................................................................................22AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar20065AS/NZS1170.1:2002COPYRIGHTSTANDARDSAUSTRALIA/STANDARDSNEWZEALANDAustralian/NewZealandStandardStructuraldesignactionsPart1:Permanent,imposedandotheractionsSECTION1SCOPEANDGENERAL1.1SCOPEThisStandardspecifiespermanent,imposed,liquidpressure,groundwater,rainwaterpondingandearthpressureactionstobeusedinthelimitstatedesignofstructuresandpartsofstructures.1.2APPLICATIONThisStandardshallbereadinconjunctionwithAS/NZS1170.0.ThisStandardmaybeusedasameansfordemonstratingcompliancewiththeRequirementsofPartB1oftheBuildingCodeofAustralia.1.3DETERMINATIONOFDESIGNACTIONSFortheactionscoveredbythisStandard,valuesforuseindesignshallbeappropriateforthetypeofstructureorstructuralelement,itsintendeduseandexposuretosuchactions.ThedeterminationofvaluesinaccordancewithSections2to4shallbedeemedtosatisfythisClause.1.4REFERENCEDDOCUMENTSThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhisStandard:AS1418Cranes,hoistsandwinches(allparts)1657Fixedplatforms,walkways,stairwaysandladders—Design,constructionandinstallation1720Timberstructures1720.2Part2:Timberproperties1735Lifts,escalatorsandmovingwalks(allparts)2156Walkingtracks2156.1Part1:ClassificationandsignageAS/NZS1170Structuraldesignactions1170.0Part0:Generalprinciples1170.2Part2:WindactionsNZS4332Non-domesticpassengerliftsandgoodsliftsAccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:20026COPYRIGHTAustralianBuildingCodesBoardBuildingCodeofAustralia1.5DEFINITIONSForthepurposeofthisStandard,thedefinitionsgiveninAS/NZS1170.0andthosebelowapply.1.5.1ImposedactionAvariableactionresultingfromtheintendeduseoroccupancyofthestructure.1.5.2LoadThevalueofaforceappropriatetoanaction.1.5.3PermanentactionActionthatislikelytoactcontinuouslythroughoutthedesignworkinglifeandforwhichvariationsinmagnitudewithtimearesmallcomparedwiththemeanvalue.1.5.4DesignworkinglifeAssumedperiodforwhichastructureorastructuralelementistobeusedforitsintendedpurposewithoutmajorrepairbeingnecessary.1.5.5TributaryareaTheareaassumedtobesupportedbyastructuralelement.1.5.6VariableactionActionforwhichthevariationinmagnitudewithtimeisneithernegligibleinrelationtothemeanvaluenormonotonic.1.6NOTATIONUnlessotherwisestated,thenotationusedinthisStandardhasthefollowingmeaning:A=tributaryareasupportedbyastructuralelementFe,u=earthpressureactionFgw=groundwateractionFlp=liquidpressureactionFpnd=pondingactionG=permanentactionQ=imposedactionψa=factorforreductionofimposedfloorloadsduetoareaψl=factorfordeterminingquasi-permanentvalues(long-term)ofactions(seeAS/NZS1170.0)AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar20067AS/NZS1170.1:2002COPYRIGHTSECTION2PERMANENTACTIONS2.1GENERALThisSectiongivespermanentactions(G)foruseindesigningstructures.Permanentactionsshallbetakentoincludetheself-weightofthefollowing:(a)Thestructure.(b)Allothermaterialsincorporatedintothestructure.NOTE:Thisincludeswalls,floors,roofs,suspendedceilingsandotherpermanentconstruction,asappropriate.(c)Permanentequipmentincludingfixturesandfittings.NOTE:Thisincludespermanentlyfixedwiring,reticulatedservicesandotherpermanentequipmentasappropriate.(d)PartitionsasgiveninClause2.3.(e)Storedmaterialswheretheresultantactionsareconsistentwiththedefinitionforpermanentaction.2.2CALCULATIONOFSELF-WEIGHTTheself-weightofamaterialshallbecalculatedfromthedesigndimensionsorknowndimensionsandtheunitweightasgiveninAppendixA.NOTE:FurtherinformationonunitweightsofmaterialsisgiveninAS/NZS1170.1Supp1,Structuraldesignactions—Permanent,imposedandotheractions—Commentary(SupplementtoAS/NZS1170.1:2002).2.3PROVISIONFORPARTITIONSTheself-weightofpermanentpartitionsshallbecalculatedfortheiractuallayout.Structuresforwhichprovisionistobemadeformovablepartitionsshallbedesignedfortheanticipatedweightofthepartitionsplacedinanyprobablepositionsbutnotlessthanauniformlydistributedpermanentloadof0.5kPaovertheareabeingconsidered.2.4REMOVABLEITEMSConsiderationshallbegiventotheactionsresultingfromtheeffectofremovingthosepermanentitemsthatarenotessentialpartsofthestructure,suchastanksortheircontents,storedmaterialsasdefinedinClause2.1(e),serviceequipment,partitionsandsimilar.AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:20028COPYRIGHTSECTION3IMPOSEDACTIONS3.1GENERALThisSectiongivesimposedactions(Q)foruseindesigningstructures.ThevaluesofimposedactionsprovidedinthisSectionareappropriateforusewithalloftheannualprobabilitiesofexceedancedefinedinAS/NZS1170.0.ActionsresultingfromconstructionarenotcoveredinthisStandard.Theimposedactionsshallbenotlessthanthegreaterofthefollowing:(a)Theactionsresultingfromtheintendeduseofthestructure.(b)TheimposedactionsgiveninthisSection.NOTE:TheimposedactionsgiveninthisSectionincludesufficientallowancefortheeffectsofverticalimpactarisingfromtheusualmovementofpeopleandshiftingoffurniture.Thisallowancedoesnotcoverdynamiceffectsduetohighlyactivecrowds.DynamiceffectsduetovibratingmachineryarecoveredseparatelyinClause3.7.Thedistributedandconcentratedimposedloadsshallbeconsideredseparatelyanddesigncarriedoutforthemostadverseeffect.3.2CONCENTRATEDACTIONSAconcentratedimposedactionshallbeappliedasfollows:(a)Atitsknownpositionorwhereitspositionisnotknown,inthepositiongivingthemostadverseeffect.(b)DistributedovertheactualareaofapplicationoriftheactualareaisnotknownorotherwisestipulatedinTables3.1or3.2,overanareaofnotgreaterthan0.01m2forfloorsandroofs.3.3PARTIALLOADTheimposedactionshallbeconsideredtobeabsentfromanypartsofastructureifitsabsencewillcausemoreadverseeffectsonthatoranyotherpart.Forfloorloads,theintensityoftheimposedloadshallbeappropriatetotheloadedportionoftheareaunderconsideration(seeClause3.4.2).Fordesignsituationsinvolvingwind,earthquakeorfireemergencyconditions,partialloadingofalternatespansofcontinuousbeamsorslabsneednotbeconsidered.Forpartialloadingoncontinuousbeams,thespan(ortwoadjacentspans)thatcontainstheeffectunderconsiderationshallbeloadedwithanimposedloadintensity,asdeterminedfromClause3.4.2,appropriatetothetributaryareasupportedbythespan(orspans).Otherspansthatarerequiredtobeloadedtocausethemostadverseeffectshallbeassumedtobeloadedwithaloadintensityappropriatetothespanmultipliedbythelong-termfactor(ψl)giveninAS/NZS1170.0.3.4FLOORS3.4.1ImposedflooractionsTheimposedactions(Q)appropriatetothetypeofactivityoroccupancyforwhichthefloorareawillbeusedshallbethereferencevaluesgiveninTable3.1andAppendixBmultipliedbythereductionfactorgiveninClause3.4.2.AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar20069AS/NZS1170.1:2002COPYRIGHTAreasinresidential,social,commercial,industrialandadministrationstructuresaredividedintosevencategories,accordingtotheirtypeofactivityoroccupancy,asshowninColumn1ofTable3.1.NOTE:ThephilosophyoftheTableisthateachareaofafloorisassociatedwithoneoftheactivitytypes.Thusinordertoclassifyanareaunderconsideration,thedesignmustconsiderthetypeofactivitiesthatoccurinthatarea.TABLE3.1REFERENCEVALUESOFIMPOSEDFLOORACTIONSUniformlydistributedactionsConcentratedactionsTypeofactivity/occupancyforpartofthebuildingorstructureSpecificuseskPakNADomesticandresidentialactivities(alsoseeCategoryC)Generalareas,privatekitchensandlaundriesinself-containeddwellings1.51.8(1)Balconies,androofsusedforfloortypeactivities,inself-containeddwellings—(a)lessthan1mabovegroundlevel1.51.5kN/mrunalongedge(b)other2.01.8(1)Stairs(2)andlandingsinself-containeddwellings2.02.7A1Self-containeddwellingsNon-habitableroofspacesinself-containeddwellings0.51.4Generalareas,bedrooms,hospitalwards,hotelrooms,toiletareas2.01.8(1)Communalkitchens3.02.7A2OtherBalconies,androofsusedforfloortypeactivities,withcommunityaccesssameasareasprovidingaccessbutnotlessthan4.01.8BOfficesandworkareasnotcoveredelsewhereOperatingtheatres,X-rayrooms,utilityrooms3.04.5Workrooms(lightindustrial)withoutstorage3.03.5Officesforgeneraluse3.02.7(3)Communalkitchens3.02.7Commercial/institutionalkitchens5.04.5Laundries3.04.5Laboratories3.04.5Factories,workshopsandsimilarbuildings(generalindustrial)5.04.5Balconies,androofsusedforfloortypeactivitiessameasareasprovidingaccessbutnotlessthan4.01.8Flygalleries(intheatres,etc.)4.5kN/mrununiformlydistributedoverthewidth—Grids(overtheareaofprosceniumwidthbystagedepth)2.8—(continued)AccessedbyISONET-CHINASTATEBUREAUOFTECHNICALSUPERVISon20Mar2006AS/NZS1170.1:200210COPYRIGHTUniformlydistributedactionsConcentratedactionsTypeofactivity/occupancyforpartofthebuildingorstructureSpecificuseskPakNCAreaswherepeoplemaycongregateC1AreaswithtablesPublic,institutionalandcommunaldiningroomsandlounges,cafesandrestaurants(5)2.02.7Readingroomswithnobookstorage2.54.5Classrooms3.02.7Institutionalassemblyareassuchasclassrooms,lecturetheatresandsimilar3.02.7Publicassemblyareassuchaspublichalls,theatres,courtsoflaw,auditoria,conferencecentresandsimilar4.02.7C2Areaswithfixedseats(6)Placesofworship4.02.7Corridors,hallways,aisles,stairs(2),landings(2),concourses,terraces,plazas,etc.,notsubjecttowheeledvehicles4.04.5Corridors,hallways,aisles,stairs(2),landings(2),etc.subjecttowheeledvehicles,trolleys,etc.5.04.5Footpaths,terracesandplazasatgroundlevelsubjecttowheeledvehicles5.031(4)Museumfloorsandartgalleriesforexhibitionpurposes4.04.5C3AreaswithoutobstaclesformovingpeopleBalconies,androofsusedforfloortypeactivitiessameasareasprovidingaccessbutnotlessthan4.01.8Dancehallsandstudios,gymnasia5.03.6C4Areaswithpossiblephysicalactivities(seeNotetoClause3.1(b))Drillhallsanddrillrooms5.09.0Assemblyareaswithoutfixe