视听说III-原文和答案-Unit2

1VLSＢ３　Uint2II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscope,it’seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon’tunderstandEINino.W:Right.ScientistsallovertheworldoverareevenuncertainaboutthecauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought—themysteriousEINino.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?2.ScriptM:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.Whatcanwedotoimprovethings?W:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun’senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.InJapan43,000solarroofswereinstalledin2002.Q:Howdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironment?3.ScriptW:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwithwindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesertatus.M:That’swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:Whatdidthegovernmentencouragepeopletodo?4.Script2M:ManyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainCFCsthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentororganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:Whataregovernmentdepartmentshelpingpeopletodo?5.ScriptM:Hey,that’sanaerosolsprayyou’reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit,man.Thisspraydoesn’tcontainCFCs.Andyou’dbetterreadalittlemore.In2003theholeintheozonelayershrankby20percent,sothere’snoreasontopanic.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Keys:1.B2.D3.A4.A5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!ScriptMartha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Umm…morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentprobleminthe3worldtoday?Ed:Today…Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem;andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Umm…throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon.Andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Umm…I’dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit’sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That’sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I’msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.4WhilebeinginterviewedbyMartha,Edsaidmorepeopleinhisculturerespectnatureeverbefore.Whenaskedaboutthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday,hementionedthedamagedozonelayerandthepollutioninbigcities.Edlearnedaboutenvironmentalproblematschool.AlotofclubsandsomeTVprogramspromoteenvironmentalsafely.Hebelievesthatstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool.Thentheycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsandpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Whenaskedaboutanewlawhewouldliketocreatetohelptheenvironment,hesaidthatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowtheminthegarbagebin.Theyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloor.Personally,Edissosetagainstlitteringthatheneverlitters.Healwaysthrowshistrashintothegarbagebin.Task2RiverpollutionIfyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewaterisdiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilizer.Iflargeamountsoffertilizerorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeusethesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,which5quicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayenterthewaterinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutantsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftenuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofthewaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinthewater.Questionsandkey1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?D)Thecausesofriverpollution.2.Whydoestheriverwaterturngreen?A)Becausenitrateandphosphateinthewaterincrease.3.Whatharmdoesindustrialwastecause?B)Poisoning.4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofoilpollution?C)Itpreventsoxygenfromenteringthewater.65.Whatharmcanwarmwaterinariverbring?D)Lackofoxygen.Task3:CurbingCarbonemissionsScriptAlthoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,"Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,wind,andsolarpower."Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityof60.06millionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyear'stargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust."Wehavepromisedtotheinternationalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnon-fossilsourcesby2020,"DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonly7.8percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionofcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatisticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$34.6billionincleanenergylastyear,exceedingtheUnitedStateswhichinvestedUS$18.6billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,China'sinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$2.5billion.7However,China'scarbonemissionreductiontargetcannotbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.ManystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissionsmaydelayChina'sdevelopment,affectpeople'sincome,andleadtounemployment.Questionsandkeyl.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?D)Cuttingcarbondioxideemissions:China'sachievementsandproblems.2.FromfouryearsagountilAugustthisyear,howmanykilowattsofcoal-firedplantcapacitywillhavebeenclosed?D)Morethan70million.3.By2020,whatwillbetheproportionofnon-fossilenergyinthetotalpowerinChina?A)15%.4.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheinvestmentbyChinaandtheUnitedStatesincleanenergylastyear?B)China'sinvestmentwasalmosttwiceaslargeastheUnitedStates'.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasaproblemarisingfromcurbinggreenhousegasemissions?C)Causingmorestrikes.8IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1OurglobeisindangerJohn:HowisyourGrandmagettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?Nora:Overthelastfewyears,Grannyhasbeencomplainingthatthehot,humidweatheriskillingher.Shebelievestheweatherhaschanged.John:Whatshemeansistheclimate’slong-termconditions;weatherrefersonlytoday-to-dayconditions.Nora:Yeah,shesayssummerishotter,andwinterwetter.ButItriedtocomforther,saying,“It’sallinyourmind,Granny.”John:She’sright,youknow.Thegreenhouseeffectdoesbringglobalwarmingandrain.Nora:HowcanIexplainglobalwarmingandgreenhousegasestoa97-year-oldGranny?John:Tellhertheearthnowislikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletinlightandtrapheat.Nora:Thinkshe’llwanttoknowthatcarbonmonoxidefromearthmakesgreenhousegases?John:Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon’tstopit.Nora:I’lltellGrannynottoburnanymorewoodorcoal,ortousesprayonthehair.John:OK,jokeaboutit,butitwon’tbesofunnywhenthepolaricecapsmelt9andoceansrise.MODEL2Rainforestswillsoonbeonlyamemory.ScriptSusan:Hey,Chris,thereisanenvironmentalgrouponcampusaskingfordonationstosavetherainforests.Chris:Sowhat?Susan:Sowhat?!Don’tyouwanttosavetherainforests?Chris:Butthere’renorainforestsinourcountry.Theyneedhot,tropicalclimates.Susan:Comeon.Arainforestisanyforestwhereheavyrainfallleadstodensevegetation.Tropicalrainforestscanbefoundinhoe,tropicalareas,buttherearealsocoolrainforests,includingoneinsoutheastAlaska.Chris:Howdidyouknowthat?Susan:Well,I’vejustreadabookonrainforests.Youknow,140nillionpeopleliveintheworld’srainforests,and35percentoftheworld’splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.Chris:Wow,I’mimpressed.Sowhatelsehaveyoulearned?Susan:Mostoftheworld’srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,farmersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof1000acresaminute!Chris:It’sterrible!Susan:Yeah,we’vegottofindawaytosavethem.Nowwouldyouliketo10giveadonation?Chris:Sure.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Mostoftheworld’srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,farmersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof100acresaminute!B:Whatatragedy!,Manyoftheworld’splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.A:Wereallyneedtosavethebeautifulforests.B:Yeah,we’vegottofindawaytosavethem.A:Doyouknowourmayorismakingacalltoplanttrees?B:Yeah,wedohavetoplantmoretrees.IhearChinadoesn’thavealotofforestscomparedwithmanycountries.A:That’strue.I’vejustreadanarticleaboutafforestation.China’sforestcoverageratewas18.21percentlastyea,rankingonly130thintheworld.B:Nowonderwehavetoplatmoretrees.A:Don’tloseheart.Progresshasbeenremarkable.In2000theratewasjust16.55percent.B:Anyothergoodnews?A:Chinahassteppedupitstree-plantingefforts.Nowit’stheworld’sNo.1planteroftrees.11B:Wow,I’mimpressed.MODEL3Whataterriblesandstorm!ScriptSusan:Hey,John.You’reback.Afewdaysago,abigsandstormhitourcityJohn:Oh,that’sbad.Susan:Theairwasfullofdirtandsandanddust.Ihadtowearascarfaroundmyhead.John:Thedust,asIknow,comesfromMongolia.Andfrommyreadinginscience,I’veheardthedustoftencomesafteralongperiodofdrought.Susan:Thisisaseriousprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,andunfortunatelyourcityisoneofthem.John:Andifthedroughtcontinues,thesoiliseasilyairborne.Andthenifthewindcomes,thesoilcanbelifteduponthecoldarethatrisesup,anditcantravelverylongdistances.Susan:Normally,whenthere’sawind,itcancleartheair,andyouhavebeautifulweather.Butwhenthedustisbroughtinwiththewind,thenyoucan’tbreathe,youcan’tseewell,andit’sdangerousfordriving,orforwalking.John:Yeah.Youknow,whenthedustisliftedupitcangoashigh3,000meters.Andit’snotjustChinathathasproblems,butmanyothercountries.Forexample,themiddleofAustraliasometimeshasduststorms,andsomeofthedustgoesupveryhigh,goesacrosstheocean,andfallsdownonNewZealand.12Susan:Notaveryniceneighbor.John:Isthereasolutiontotheproblem?Susan:Weneedtoplantmoretreesandgrasssothatthesoilcanstaywhereitis.John:Nowonderthegovernmentislaunchinganewafforestationprograminabidtaddresstheenvironmentalproblem.V.Let’sTalkMan1:Well,it'sinspirationallanguagewhichisniceandlovelyandfluffy,butdoesn'treallyactuallycommitanyonetodoinganything,andsoit'sreallyhardtotaketothebank.Imean,people'slivesareonthelineinthedevelopingworldwhereweareseeingtheimpactsfeltfirstandforemost,Andobviouslytheatmospheresimplycan'ttakethekindofemissionswe'vebeenseeinginthebusiness-as-usualscenarioandthere'snorealcommitmenttochangethat.There'snorealcommitmenttoputseriousmoneyonthetableandthat'sabigproblem.[On-screentext:WindFarm]Thisisagreatphotoopforalltheworldleaders,butifit'snotbackedbyaction,itreallydoesn'tmeanmuchattheendoftheday.Man2:What'sinthereisverydisappointing.Itdoesnotconstitutea_adeal.It'sahollowshellthatwillneedtobefilledin,andithassomenumbers,ittalksabouttryingtoavoidtwodegrees.That'sthesamelanguagethattheG8usedlastJuly.Butitlacksanythingonemissionscutsasyetthatwould13guaranteethatwe'reactuallyonthe,ontracktogetthere.Andthefinancingcommitments...thereisamentionofa1OO-billion-dollarfigureandtheattempttoraiseormobilizethatlevelofresources,butthere'snoguaranteethattherewillbenewmoney,thatthemoneywillbereal,thatthere'sactuallyacommitmenttogetthere,orthatitwillbechanneledinnewways,asyet.Key(1)-b(2)-a(3)-h(4)-d(5)-g(6)-e(7)-c(8)-fVI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:TheenvironmentandthedevelopmentScriptLi:HiProfessorWang,I’mLiLin,acorrespondentfromtheUniversityNewspaper.Thestaffandstudentsherearegettingmoreandmoreinterestedintherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopment.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblematpresent?Whatmeasuresshouldweadopttoimprovetheenvironmentanddeveloptheeconomyatthesametime?Wang:Therearemanyenvironmentalproblems:airpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Butlyingatthecenterofallthoseproblems,asIseeit,isthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandthe14environment.SincetheUnitedNationsEarthSummitin1992,moreandmorepeopleandgovernmentshaveadoptedanewidea;thatis,“sustainabledevelopment”.Thismeanstoday’seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.Inotherwords,someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolled.Instillingprinciplesofdevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyisthemostimportantstepChinacouldtaketosolveitsenvironmentalproblems.Chinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.Forinstance,followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinordertoprotectforestsandreducetheriskoffloods.Still,thebasiccontradictionbetweenenvironmentanddevelopmentpersists.Muchworkistobedonebeforewecanachievetheaimofabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.EnvironmentProblemsairpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Centralthecontradictionbetweeneconomic15problemsgrowthandtheenvironment.ANewIdeasustainabledevelopment;itmeans:(1)Today’seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.(2)Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.(3)someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolledWhatChinaCouldDoInstillprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyWhatChinaHasDoneChinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.e.g.Followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverTheAimAbalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.16Task2:ScriptAUnitedNationsstudysaysthatathickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiathreatensthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Scientistssaythepollutioncouldincreaselungdiseaseandcauseearlydeaths.Thecloudisalsodamagingagricultureandaffectingrainfalllevels.IthasaffectedmanycountriesinsouthernAsia.Thepollutioncloudisthreekilometershigh.Scientistssayitcanmovehalfwayaroundtheworldinaweek.Thecloudistheresultofforestfires,theburningofagriculturalwaste,andhugeincreasesintheburningoffuelsbyvehicles,industriesandpowerstations.Pollutionfrommillionsofbadcookingstoveshsmadetheproblemworse.Manypoorpeopleburnoffuelswoodandanimalwasteinsuchstoves.ScientistssaythiscombinationcouldbechangingwinterrainfalllevelsinAsia.TheysayrainfallhasincreasedovertheeasterncoastofAsia.ButithasdroppedsharplyoverpartsofnorthwesternAsia.ThereportsaysthecloudcouldreducerainfallovernorthwesternPakistan,Afghanistan,andwesternChinabyuptofortypercent.Harmfulchemicalsfromthecloudaremixingwithrainfall.Thisacidraindamagescropsandtreesandthreatenspublichealth.ScientistsareconcernedthatthepollutionwillintensifyduringthenextthirtyyearsasthepopulationofAsiaincreasetoanEstimated5,000millionpeople.1.Whatisthetrueofthecloudofpollution?2.WhatisNOTthecauseofthecloudofpollution?173.Whatdoesthecloudofpollutionbringabout?4.Whywillthepollutionintensifyinthenext30years,accordingtothepassage?5.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassage?Keys:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.CTask3Mountainregionsfaceanumberofdangers.ScriptMountainpeoplearoundtheworldareingreatdangerofthenegativeeffectsoftheworseningenvironment,accordingtoaUNreport.Asglobalwarminganddeforestationaccelerateandtechnologymakeswilderplacesmoreaccessible,environmentalandsocialpressuresontheworld’sremotestregionsincreases.TheUNhasfoundthatmanymountainousregions—inhabitedbyoneoutoffiveoftheworld’speople—arebarelyrecognizablewhentheyarecomparedtowhattheyerelike60yearsago.Thisismostlybecauseforestswerecuttomakewayforcattlegrazingandagriculture.TheauthorsoftheUNstudyexpect98percentofitsmountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055.Biologicallossesareexpectedtobeheavy.ThemountainsofEurope,partofCaliforniaandthenorthwestAndesinSouthAmericaareamongthemostthreatenedmountainareasintheworldandshouldbegivenpriorityinconservation.TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemfacingmountainareasbecausetheyareinhabitedbysomeofthemostvulnerablepeople.Thesepeoplecouldlosetheir18cultureandtheirlivelihoodwitheventhesmallestshiftsinclimate.Atthesametime,manymountainregionsarelosingpeople.ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyear.InotherareaslikeNepal,peoplearedriftingtothecitiesinsearchofwork.ViewingandspeakingScriptandkeyWeatherexpertsmayhavefoundanewproblemcausedbyglobalwarming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:Thereare(l)signsthatSanta'shomeintheNorthmaybeintroublebecauseof(2)warmertemperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssayisthehomeofSantaClaus,hashadits(3)warmestwinterin40years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusual-meaningnosnowmen,nosnowballs,andpossiblynotenough(4)snowforSantatoridehissleighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santa'swintryhometownnormally(5)attractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,andmillionsofdollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetown'stouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncouldbein(6)troubleifsnowlevelsdonotreturnto(7)normal.Sheexplains:"Snowisreallyimportantforus,ofcourse,forSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinterisour(8)bestseason.Itisreallyimportantforus."Weatherexpertsandtownresidentsarehopingthiswarmwinterisa(9)one-time19thing.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothavea(l0)whiteChristmas.