考研考博-英语-石家庄铁道大学考试押题卷含答案详解版

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-石家庄铁道大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.不定项选择题测试新增的题干问题1选项A.1B.2C.3D.4【答案】A【解析】第1题:测试试题解析2.单选题Withtechnologicalchanges,manytraditionalskillshavebecome（ ）.问题1选项A.isolatedB.absoluteC.obsoleteD.obsessive【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立的；孤独的；单独的”；B选项absolute“完全的；绝对的”；C选项obsolete“淘汰的，过时的”；D选项obsessive“痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的”。填入形容词做 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语，说明traditionalskills“传统技艺”，由关键信息technologicalchanges可知obsolete“淘汰的，过时的”符合题意，句意为：随着技术的进步，许多传统技艺已经过时了。故答案选C。3.不定项选择题Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easiertosee):Waterfountains,restrooms,andrestaurantswereoftendesignated“whiteonly”.IntheNorth,discriminationwasusuallylessobvious,butcertainlyit_4_poorblackneighborhoods,ghettos,inmostlargecities.Thishappenedbecauseofdiscriminationinhousingandthemovementofwhitecity_5_tothesuburbs,oftencalled“whiteflight”.Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogain_6_treatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotection_7_housing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenot_8_fortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisone_9_toinequalityineducation._10_,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.问题1选项A.surgeB.movementC.changeD.shift问题2选项A.towardB.atC.againstD.on问题3选项A.contributedB.associatedC.relatedD.referred问题4选项A.didB.createdC.resultedD.led问题5选项A.personsB.citizensC.residentsD.visitors问题6选项A.fairB.goodC.excellentD.best问题7选项A.withB.inC.onD.at问题8选项A.adequateB.muchC.richD.abundant问题9选项A.responseB.solutionC.fieldD.correspondence问题10选项A.ThereforeB.NaturallyC.ConsequentlyD.Fortunately【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项surge“汹涌：用力向某一特定方向快速移动”；B选项movement“运动，活动”；C选项change“改变”；D选项shift“移动：把某物从一个位置或地方移到另一个位置或地方”。句意：然后人口（）到北方的大城市。前文里面提到黑人主要生活在美国南部，后面说“奴隶制在那里更为普遍，歧视通常更为明显（更容易看到）”再结合第二段开头“在北方，歧视通常不那么明显……”，所以可以判断出应该是南方的黑人转移到了北方，这里不强调是否用特定的方式快速移动，所以A选项错误；且空格后有to，一般shift和to搭配。D选项正确。第2题:考查固定搭配。句意：关于黑人的偏见总是（）南方。这里的名词Prejudice一般和介词against搭配，所以答案选C。第3题:考查固定搭配。句意：关于黑人的偏见总是（）南方。空格后面有介词with；选项中能和with搭配的只有B选项，所以答案选B。第4题:考查上下文语义。A选项did“确实”；B选项created“创造”；C选项resulted“导致”；D选项led“领导”。句意：因为确实，它（）不富裕的黑人邻居以及贫民窟。这里根据上下文意思，北方的歧视虽然不那么明显但是还是存在，所以造成了有贫民窟现象。所以答案选B。Do是助动词不能单独做谓语，所以不选；C选项是不及物动词后面得接介词再接宾语，所以不选；lead单独使用的时候“领导，引领”的意思，leadto才是导致的意思，所以D选项不能选。   第5题:考查名词辨析。A选项persons“人”；B选项citizens“市民，公民”；C选项residents“居民”；D选项visitors“游客”。句意：这是因为住房方面的歧视，以及城市白人（）迁往郊区，这通常被称为“白人外逃”。这里根据上下文词义填“居民”最为合适，所以答案选C，因为空格前面有city修饰，如果再填citizens会造成语义重复，所以B选项不选。   第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项fair“公平的”；B选项good“好的”；C选项excellent“卓越的，杰出的”；D选项best“最好的”。句意：黑人为得到（）对待而战。根据下文中的inequalityineducation可知这里黑人追求的是各个方面的平等。    第7题:考查介词意思。句意：现在他们在住房、教育、工作方面有了法律保证。这里根据句意，这里填的词义应该是“在……方面”，所以答案选B。 第8题:考查形容词辨析。A选项adequate“足够的”；B选项much“大量的”；C选项rich“富有的，肥沃的”；D选项abundant“丰富的”。句意：很多黑人都觉得他们孩子的教育机会不（）。根据上文所描述的，黑人为自己的权利而战，已经取得成效了，但是在教育方面他们觉得他们孩子接受教育的机会不够，所以答案选A；这里所选的词汇要用来修饰opportunity，而C、D选项一般用来形容资源丰富；B选项一般用作副词，也一般不用作表语，所以不能选。第9题:考查上下文文意。A选项response“反应，回答”；B选项solution“解决 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”；C选项field“领域，场地”；D选项correspondence“通信，一致，相当”。句意：用校车把孩子们从一个社区送到另一个社区是对教育不平等的一种（）。承接上文，黑人因为自己的社区之间隔离起来了觉得自己孩子的教育机会不够，所以用巴士将社区之间连接起来就是解决教育资源不平等的方法了，所以答案选B。其他选项代入句中不符合句意。第10题:考查副词词义。A选项Therefore“因此”；B选项Naturally“自然而然的”；C选项Consequently“因此，所以”；D选项Fortunately“幸运的”。句意：（），所有的父母都想让他们的孩子接受最好的教育。上句内容是解决教育不平等的方案，这句内容是父母希望孩子接受最好的教育，两句之间不存在因果关系，排除A、C选项；根据句意，排除D选项，所以答案选B。       4.单选题Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.问题1选项A.vaguingB.stiffeningC.vacillatingD.reshuffling【答案】A【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明确的，暧昧的”；B选项stiffening“变硬，（使）变粘稠”；C选项vacillating“踌躇的，摇摆的”；D选项reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：这位参议员被指责在重大问题上含糊其辞。Waffling“优柔寡断的，模糊不清的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。5.单选题Hewas（）forhisyearsofservicetothecompanywithagrandfarewellpartyandseveralpresents.问题1选项A.awardedB.rewardedC.wardedD.safeguarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。选项B符合题意。6.单选题Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（ ）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.问题1选项A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。beoffendedby意为“被...触怒”，选项C符合句意。7.单选题Hehaslittletrouble（）thetiresofhiscar.问题1选项A.tofixB.fixC.fixingD.withfixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接动名词,表示“在…方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。    8.单选题______wassheinLondonthansherangupheroldfriendJane.问题1选项A.NosoonerB.AssoonC.OnlywhenD.Rarelywhen【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。Nosooner…than…为固定用法，表示“一……就……”，故A项符合题意。B项assoon和as搭配，表示“一……就……”；C项后面接句子，表示“只有当……”；D选项没有这个用法。句意：她一到伦敦就给她的好朋友简打电话。故正确答案为A。9.单选题Usuallyalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionsufferslowerlossesthandirectcurrent(DC),andthus,ACbecametheindustrystandard.Somepeople,however,questionthatstandardbecauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC.Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright,butemployingthemwouldallowelectricitygridstoberestructuredinwaysthatwouldmakewindpowermoreattractive.Thatwouldreducetheneedfornewconventional(andpolluting)powerstations.Windpowerhassomeproblems.Youdon’talwaysgetitwhereyouwantitandyoudon’talwaysgetitwhenyouwantit.Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.Dealingwithwhenthewindblowsisasubtlerissue.Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.Theseareoneofthefewwaysthatenergyfromtransientsourceslikethewindcanbestoredingrid-fillingquantities.Thepowerisusedtopumpwaterupintothereservoirsthatfeedthehydroelectricturbines.Thatwayitisontapwhenneeded.Thecapacityof“Norway’sreservoirsissolarge,accordingtoDrSchmid,thatshouldthewinddropalloverEurope—whichdoeshappenonrareoccasions—thehydroplantscouldspringintoactionandfillinthegapforuptofourweeks.Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.DrSchmidcalculatesthataDCgridofthesortheenvisageswouldallowwindtosupplyatleast30%ofthepowerneededinEurope.Moreover,itcoulddosoreliably—andthatmeanswindpowercouldbeusedforwhatisknowninthejargonasbase-loadpowersupply.Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany,thoughtheseareintendedasmuchtosellthecountry’spowerastoaccumulateotherpeople’s.AndAirtricity—anIrishwind-powercompany—plansevenmoreofthem.ItproposeswhatitcallsaSupergrid.ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.51.Bysaying“makethembetterintheirownright”(Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.52.By“currentwouldflowinonedirection”(Paragraph2),theauthorisactuallyreferringto______.53.HowwillconsumersthinkofaDCelectricitygrid?54.WhydoesDrSchmid’scontinentalgridlocateinNorway?55.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?问题1选项A.realizetherightofDCB.makeDCsufferlowerlossesC.makeDCmoreusefulthanACD.makebetteruseofDCtotransferpower问题2选项A.currentflowsfromSpaintoIrelandB.currentflowsfromIrelandtoSpainC.currentflowsfromIrelandtootherplacesD.currentflowsfromSpaintootherplaces问题3选项A.UselessB.FeasibleC.TroublesomeD.Comfortable问题4选项A.Tomakeuseofthecountry’scapacityofreservoirs.B.Tomakeuseofthecountry’srichwindpower.C.ItissimplyDrSchmid’spersonalpreference.D.BecausetraditionalpowerplantsinNorwaycannotmeetconsumers’demand.问题5选项A.Windpowerhaswonuniversalsupport.B.Companieshesitatetoinvestinwindpower.C.Theprospectofwindpowersofarseemsverypositive.D.WindfarmsonoceanscansupplypowerdemandofthewholeEuropeinthefuture.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】51.推理判断题。题干意思是“第一段通过说‘makethembetterintheirownright’，作者的意思是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第一段第三句Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright…（这不仅使高压直流电本身更好……），通过该句的前一句becauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC（因为长距离高压直流线路比交流线路损耗小）可知，作者说这句话的意思是指由于高压直流电缆损失的电量比交流电缆少，通过这个方法能够更加充分利用直流电来传输电能；所以D项“更好地利用直流来传递功率”符合题意。A项“实现直流电的使用”表述不够全面；B项“使直流电损耗更低”不符合题意，这是利用直流电传输电能原因，而不是使用直流电的目的；C项“使直流电比交流电更有用”，表述太笼统，不够具体。因此，该题选择D项正确。52.推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段说‘电流将流向一个方向’，作者实际上是指……”。第二段第四句提到IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.（如果西班牙有风，而爱尔兰没有，电流就会朝一个方向流动），这句话是对上一句Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.（风吹向哪里的问题将不再重要，因为它几乎总是吹向某个地方）而进行的说明；即如果西班牙有风而爱尔兰没有风，那么只要把电流从西班牙往爱尔兰方向传送就可以了，所以A项“电流从西班牙流向爱尔兰”正确。B项“电流从爱尔兰流向西班牙”错误；C项“电流从爱尔兰流向其他地方”和D项“电流从西班牙流向其他地方”表述也都不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。53.推理判断题。题干意思是“消费者将如何看待直流电网？”。文章第三段指出建设直流电网可以节约在传输过程中浪费的电能，从第三段前几句Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.（这样看来，建立一个覆盖整个欧洲的电网似乎是一个显而易见的主意；之所以还没有建成，是因为交流电线路在这么长的距离上会损失太多的电力；因此，人们对直流电重新产生了兴趣）可以推断，人们对直流电网的态度是“可行的”，所以B项“可行”正确。A项“无用”、C项“麻烦”和D项“舒适”都不符合原文意思。因此，该题选择B项正确。54.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威？”。第二段提到Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.（例如，施密德博士的大陆电网的一个重要组成部分就位于挪威；这并不是说挪威是一个电能消耗巨大的国家；相反，这个国家拥有充足的水力发电站），由此可知，施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威的原因是因为挪威拥有足够的水库，所以A项“利用国家的水库容量”正确。B项“充分利用该国丰富的风能”错误；C项“这只是施密德博士的个人偏好”，文中没有相关信息可以推断；D项“因为挪威的传统发电厂不能满足消费者的需求”文中没有提及相关信息。因此，该题选择A项正确。55.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项是正确的？”。根据最后一段第一句Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.（虽然风能也有其反对者，但如果它是可靠的，它的环保优点可能足以让事情朝着有利于它的方向发展）可以推断，风力发电的前景是非常乐观的，所以C项“到目前为止，风力发电的前景似乎非常乐观”正确。A项“风能得到了普遍的支持”错误，最后一段提到了风力发电有反对者；根据Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany（事实上，一些挪威公司已经开始在斯堪的纳维亚半岛、荷兰和德国之间建造高压直流输电线路）可知B项“公司对投资风力发电犹豫不决”错误；最后一句提到ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.（这将把大西洋、爱尔兰、北部和波罗的海的海上风力发电场与整个北欧的客户联系起来）可知D项“海洋上的风力发电场可以供应整个欧洲未来的电力需求”中的“欧洲”表述错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。10.写作题WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:Youhavejustcomebackfromaninternationalconference.WritealettertoMr.Smith,anAmericanscholaryoumetattheconference,to:1.introduceyourselfandtheuniversitywhereyouwork,2.invitehimtogivealectureatyouruniversity.【答案】略11.单选题TheyweretheBoyScouts（）tohelpelderlypeoplecrossthestreet.问题1选项A.whosewasthetaskB.towhomitwasthetaskC.itwaswhosetaskD.whosetaskitwas【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句辨析。结合选项与题干可知本题考查的是定语从句。句意：他们是童子军……帮助老人过马路。定语从句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式部分，故答案为C项。12.单选题ImportedfromGermany,this（）instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.问题1选项A.artificialB.intricateC.competentD.luxurious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项artificial“人造的；仿造的；虚伪的”；B选项intricate“复杂的；错综的；缠结的”；C选项competent“胜任的；有能力的”；D选项luxurious“奢侈的；丰富的”。句意：从德国进口的这个复杂仪器需要一位训练有素的操作者。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。13.单选题Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives. Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自闭症isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睾酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色体combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism. Ifthebalanceofhormonesisoutofwhackinmales,whatmadethathappen?Researchersarecomingupwithsomeclues.IntheNewYorkCityneighborhoodsnearColumbiaUniversity'sCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,familiesforyearsroutinelysprayedtheirapartmentswithapopularinsecticide,chlorpyrifos,untilitwasbannedfromhouseholdusein2001.TheresearchersfoundthatprenatalexposuretothechemicalseemedtohavemoreofaneffectonreducingtheIQsofboysthangirls.Disruptionoftheirmalehormonesmaybethereason,“Onepossibleexplanationforthegreatersensitivityofboystochlorpyrifosisthattheinsecticideactsasanendocrinedisruptor肉分泌'干扰素tosuppresssex-specifichormones,”saidstudyleaderMeganHortonofColumbia.Similarly,pregnantmothers'exposuretophthalates邻苯二甲酸酉旨一usedinmakingsomevinyl乙矯基productsandtoysaswellassomepersonalcareproducts-hasbeenlinkedtobiggerchangesinthebehavior,suchasaggressionandattentionproblems,oftheirsonsthantheirdaughters.Phthalatesalsomayfeminizemalegenitalia.BoysalsoseemtobemorevulnerabletobisphenolA,anestrogenicsubstanceusedtomakepolycarbonateplasticsaswellastheliningsoffoodandbeveragecans.Boys,butnotgirls,exposedtohigherbisphenolAlevelsinthewomborduringchildhoodhadmorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyproblems,accordingtoaUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleystudy.Inaddition,pregnantwomenexposedtohigherlevelsofthechemicalgavebirthtobabyboyswithlowerthyroidhormones甲状腺激素.Nosucheffectwasdetectedinthebabygirls.Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys’healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment.Someofthesechemicalsactlikefakeestrogens,otherslikefaketestosterone,butbothtypesseemtodisruptnormaldevelopment.Animaltestsshowthatadoseofthesechemicalsinflictthemostdamagewhenithitsafetus.And,becauseoftheirbiologicalvulnerabilities,itisboyswhomayexperiencethemosteffects.Whilenotforgoingthepushforfairnessandequality,itseemswisetoacceptthescientificrealityofmaleweaknesses.Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen,buttheirvulnerabilitytoenvironmentalcontaminantsanddiseasescouldhaveseriousramificationsforthefutureoftheentirehumanraceunlesswefindwaystoprotectthemfromharm.1.IftextBisaccurate,thentheevidencefortheassertionthathumanmalesaregraduallydisappearingis（ ）.2.Comparedwithgirls,boysare（ ）.3.Nipplesinhumansarefoundonthe（ ）.4.Inparagraph10theauthorassertsthatchronicdiseases（ ）.5.Backupinparagraph11meanssomethingthat（ ）.6.Thelevelsofthyroidhormonesinnewbommales,mentionedinparagraph16,（ ）.7.ImaginethatenvironmentalpollutioncontinuesatcurrentorhigherlevelsinChina.IftheinformationintextBiscorrect,thenChinesedoctorsshouldexpecttoobserve（ ）.问题1选项A.incontrovertibleB.soweakastocalltheassertionintoquestionC.largelyfromadvancedindustrialsocietiesandneedstobesupplementedwithdatafromothertypesofsocietiesD.strongenoughtowarrantfutureresearchintothepost-masculineworldthatliesahead问题2选项A.aboutequallyabletosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday.B.stilllesslikelytosurviveforayearafterbirth,butthegapisnarrowing.C.lesslikelytosurvivetilltheirfirstbirthday,andthegapiswiderthaninearliercenturies.D.muchlikeliertosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday,thoughthegapisnotsowideasitwasinthe1700s.问题3选项A.head.B.chest.C.hips.D.limbs.问题4选项A.beginbeforebirthbutonlybecomeapparentovertime.B.arelesscharacteristicofwomenthanofmen.C.originate,asarule,beforechildrenarebom.D.areoftentheeventualresultofprenatalconditionsandstresses.问题5选项A.canstepinandtakeoverthefunctionofsomethingthatisnotworkingproperly.B.destroysamalfunctioningpart,thusbenefitingtheoverallsystemororganism.C.preventsasystemfromcontinuingalongapaththatmayendinbreakdownordestruction.D.canreverseandchangeitsdirectionwhenitencountersaproblem,thusenablingaprocesstocontinue.问题6选项A.arenotalarminginthemselves,butsignificantbecausetheyaresodifferentformalesandfemales.B.willdefinitelyleadtomorebrain-damagedboysthangirls,C.seemcertaintoproduceamarkedgapinbraindevelopmentthatwillfavorgirlsoverboys.D.leadtomorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyamongmalechildrenthanamongfemales.问题7选项A.adeclineintheratesofautism,asthmaandbraindamagefromleadpoisoningamongChinesechildrenB.aroughlysimilarpatternofincreasingincidenceofautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallmainlandchildrenC.fewercasesofasthmaamongboysgrowingupinmainlandcitiesandtownsbutmorecasesofautismandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallChinesechildrenD.moreautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongChineseboysgrowingupincitiesthanamongothergroupsofyoungpeopleinthePRC【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。第十七段:Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen(但这将不可能意味着男性的消失……)。由此可知B项“说服力不强，以致对此观点仍存怀疑”正确。2.细节事实题。第八段:...inthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives(在20世纪90年代，男婴相比女婴在他们一岁生日前的死亡率高出30%,而在18世纪50年，这个比例只有10%)。由此可知C项“更不可能存活到他们的一岁生日，且相比早些的世纪，这个死亡率的差距变得更大”正确。3.推理判断题。根据常识乳头在人的胸部，所以选择B项“胸部”。4.细节事实题。第十段指出:Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb(许多慢性疾病在子宫内就产生),由此可知C项“一般说来，产生于孩子出生之前”正确。5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十三段:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale'shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover(在一个X染色体有遗传缺陷的疾病中，女性健康的备用染色体可以取代)。由此可知A项“可以介入并接管无法正常工作的部分的功能”正确。6.细节事实题。第十六段指出:Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys'healthbecausetheyremained