最新激光术语中英文对照讲解

Fourshortwordssumupwhathasliftedmostsuccessfulindividualsabovethecrowd:alittlebitmore.------------------------------------------author------------------------------------------date激光术语中英文对照讲解激光术语中英文对照_百度文库激光术语中英文对照_百度文库----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------激光术语中英文对照_百度文库--------------------------------------------------光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　LaserGlossaryABLATION:Theremovalofmaterialortissuebymelting,evaporation,orvaporization.ABSORB:Totransformradiantenergyintoadifferentform,usuallywitharesultantriseintemperature.　ABSORBANCE:Theabilityofamediumtoabsorbradiationdependingontemperatureandwavelength.Expressedasthenegativecommonlogarithmofthetransmittance.　ABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENT:Theamountofradiantenergyabsorbedperunitorpath-length.　ACTIVEMEDIUM:Amediuminwhichlasingwilltakeplace,ratherthanabsorption,atagivenwavelength.　AFOCAL:Literally,“withoutafocallength”;anopticalsystemwithitsobjectandimagepointatinfinity.　AMPLIFICATION:Thegrowthoftheradiationfieldinthelaserresonatorcavity.Asthelightwavebouncesbackandforthbetweenthecavitymirrors,itisampstimulatedemissiononeachpassthroughtheactivemedium.　AMPLITUDE:Themaximumvalueoftheelectromagneticwave,measuredfromthemeantotheextreme;putsimply,theheightofthewave.(Seedrawingunder)　ANGLEOFINCIDENCE　ANGSTROMUNIT:Aunitofmeasurementforawavelengthoflight(written?,equaltoonetenbillionthofameter(10-10meter).Occasionallystillused.　ANODE:Anelectricalelementinlaserexcitationwhichattractselectronsfromacathode.Ananodecanbecooleddirectlybywaterorbyradiation.　ARCOATINGS:Anti-reflectioncoatings,usedonthebacksoflaseroutputmirrorstosuppressunwantedmultiplereflectionswhichreducepower.　AUTOCOLLIMATOR:Asingleinstrumentcombiningthefunctionsofatelescopeandacollimatortodetectsmallangulardisplacementsofamirrorbymeansofitsowncollimatedlight.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.AXIAL-FLOWLASER:Thesimplestandmostefficientofthegaslasers.Anaxial光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　flowofgasismaintainedthroughthetubetoreplacethosegasmoleculesdepletedbytheelectricaldischargeusedtoexcitethegasmoleculestothelasingstate.(See.”)　AXIS,OPTICALAXIS:Theopticalcenter-lineforalenssystem;thelinepassingthroughthecentersofcurvatureoftheopticalsurfacesofalens.　BEAMBENDER:Hardwareassemblyoropticaldevice,suchasamirror,capableofchanginglaserbeamdirection;usedtore-pointthebeamandin“folded,”compactdeliverysystems.　BEAMDIAMETER:Thediameterofthatportionofthebeamwhichcontains86%oftheoutputpower.　BEAMEXPANDER:Opticaldeviceincreasingbeamdiameterandreducingdivergence.Result:Asmallerfocusedspotformoredistancebetweenlensandpart.　BEAMSPLITTING:Opticallysplittingalaserbeamintotwoormorebeams,allowingworkonmorethanonesideofapartatthesametime—butatsomewhatlesspowerthanwithamultiple-outputbeamsystem.　BREWSTERWINDOWS:Thetransmissiveend(orbothends)ofthelasertube,madeoftransparentopticalmaterialandsetatBrewster’sangleingaslaserstoachievezeroreflectivelossofverticallypolarizedlight.Non-standardonindustriallasers,butamustifpolarizationisdesired.　BRIGHTNESS:Thevisualsensationoftheluminouspowerofalightbeam,asopposedtoscientificallymeasuredpowerofthebeam.　CALORIMETER:Aninstrumentwhichmeasurestheheatgeneratedbyabsorptionofthelaserbeam—anotherwaytomeasurelaserpower.　CATHODE:Theelementprovidingtheelectronsfortheelectricaldischargeusedtoexcitethelasingmedium.　CO2LASER:Alaserlargelyusedinindustryinwhichtheprimarylasingmediumiscarbondioxide.　COAXIALGAS:Mostlaserweldingisdonewithashieldofinertgasflowingovertheworksurfacetopreventplasmaoxidationandabsorption,toblowawaydebris,andtocontrolheatreaction.Thegasjethasthesameaxisasthebeamsothetwocanbeaimedtogether.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.COHERENTLIGHT,COHERENTRADIATION:Radiationcomposedofwavetrainsvibratinginphasewitheachother.Simplyexpressed:parallelraysoflight.　COLLIMATEDLIGHT:Divergentlightraysrenderedparallelbymeansofalensorotherdevice,allowingasharpimageoftheobjecttobefocusedatthefocalplaneofthelens.　COLLIMATION:Theprocessbywhichdivergentrays(white,ornatural,light)areconvertedintoparallelrays(coherentlight).　CONVERGENCE:Thebendingoflightraystowardeachother,asbyapositive(convex)lens.　CURRENTSATURATION:Maximumflowofelectricforceinaconductor;inalaser,thepointatwhichfurtherelectricalchargewillnotincreaselasingaction.　CW:Thecontinuous-emissionmodeofalaser,asopposedtopulsedoperation.　DEPTHOFFIELD:Theworkingrangeofthebeam,afunctionofwavelength,diameteroftheunfocusedbeam,andfocallengthofthelens.Toachieveasmalldiameterspotsize,andthusahighpowerdensity,ashortdepthoffieldmustbeaccepted.　DIVERGENCE:Theangleatwhichthelaserbeamspreadsinthefarfield;thebendingofraysawayfromeachother,asbyaconcavelensorconvexmirror.　DRIFT,ANGULAR:Allundesirablevariationsinoutput(eitheramplitudeorfrequency);angulardriftofthebeam,measuredinmilliradiansbefore,during,andafterwarm-up.　DUTYCYCLE:Thelengthoftimethelaserbeamisactuallycutting,drilling,welding,orheat-treating,ascomparedtotheentireworkcycletime.　ELECTRICVECTOR:Theelectricfieldassociatedwithalightwaveandhavingbothdirectionandamplitude.Commonlyrepresentedbyalinewithanarrowhead.　ELECTROMAGNETICWAVE:Adisturbancewhichpropagatesoutwardfromanelectricchargewhichoscillatesorisaccelerated.Includesradiowaves;X-rays;gammarays;andinfrared,ultraviolet,andvisiblelight.　EMISSIVITY,EMITTANCE:Rateatwhichemissiontakesplace;theratiooftheradiantenergyemittedbyasourceorsurfacetothatemittedbyablackbodyatthesametemperature.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.ENHANCEDPULSING:Electronicmodulationofalaserbeamtoproducehighpeakpowerattheinitialstageofthepulse.Thisallowsrapidvaporizationofthematerialwithoutheatingthesurroundingarea.Suchpulsesaremanytimesthepeakpower　EXPOSURE:Ameasureofthetotalradiantenergyincidentonasurfaceperunitarea;radiantexposure.　FAR-FIELDIMAGING:Animagingtechniquewithsolid-statelasersthathasseverallimitations:non-uniformenergydistribution,veryshortworkingdistances,andpoorcontrolofholegeometry.　FLASHLAMP:Sourceofpowerfullight;oftenintheformofahelicalcoilandusedtoexcitephotonemissioninasolid-statelaser.　FLEXOGRAPHY:Aprintingprocessinvolvinglaser-engraved,seamlessrubberplates.　FLUORESCENCE:Theglowinducedinamaterialwhenbombardedbylight.BrewsterwindowsoffusedsilicafluoresceinUVlight,increasingabsorptionoflaserradiationanddegradinglasermodeandoutput.　FLUX:Theradiant,orluminous,powerofalightbeam;thetimerateoftheflowofradiantenergyacrossagivensurface.　FOCUS:Noun:Thepointwhereraysoflightmeetwhichhavebeenconvergedbyalens,givingrisetoanimageofthesource.Verb:Toadjustfocallengthfortheclearestimage.　FOCALPOINTinlaserwork,thefocalpointofthebeamrelativetotheworksurfacehasacriticaleffect,suchasthedepthandshapeofdrilledholes.Whenthefocalpointisatthesurface,holesareofuniformdiameter.Whenthefocusisbelowthesurface,conicalholesaredrilled.　FOLDEDRESONATOR:Constructioninwhichtheinterioropticalpathisbentbymirrorsmountedoncornerblocksboltedintopre-alignedposition,permittingcompactpackagingofalonglasercavity.　FREQUENCY:Thenumberoflightwavespassingafixedpointunitoftime,orthenumberofcompletevibrationsinthatperiodoftime.　GAIN:Anothertermforamplification,usuallyreferringtotheefficiencyofalasingmediuminattainingapopulationinversion.Highgainistypicallymorethan50%perpassofthelightwavebetweencavitymirrors.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.4光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　GASDISCHARGELASER:Alasercontainingagaseouslasingmediuminaglasstubeinwhichaconstantflowofgasreplenishesthemoleculesdepletedbytheelectricityorchemicalsusedforexcitation.Thedischargedgascanbefilteredand90%recycledforeconomy.　GASJETASSIST:Anassistingcoaxialgas,suchasoxygen,argon,ornitrogen,whichmaybeusedtoachieveveryhighpowerlevelsforcuttingcertainmetals.　GASTRANSPORT:Alaserdesignwhichgeneratesveryhighbeampowerwithinafairlysmallresonatorstructure.Longelectrodesparalleltheaxisandgasiscirculatedacrosstheresonatorcavity.　GAUSSIAN:The“normalcurve,”ornormaldistribution,anexampleofwhichisthesymmetricalbellshapeoftheholescreatedbytheuncorrected,unfocusedlaserbeaminitsoptimummode.AGaussianlaserbeamhasmostofitsenergyinthecenter.　HAZ:Heat-AffectedZone,ortheareawherelaserbeamandmetal(orother)surfaceareincontact.　HELIUM-NEONLASER:(“HeNe”),Laserinwhichtheactivemediumisamixtureofheliumandneon,whichisinthevisiblerange.Usedwidelyinindustryforalignment,recording,printing,andmeasuring,itisalsovaluableasapointeroralignerofinvisibleCO2laserlight.　HEATSINK:Asubstanceordeviceusedtodissipateorabsorbunwantedheat,asfromamanufacturingprocess(or,withlasers,fromreflectedrays).　HERTZ:Theapprovedinternationalterm,abbreviatedHz,whichreplacesCPSforcyclespersecond.　IMAGE:Theopticalreproductionofanobject,producedbyalensormirror.Atypicalpositivelensconvergesraystoforma“real”imagewhichcanbephotographed.Anegativelensspreadsraystoforma“virtual”imagewhichcan’tbeprojected.　INCIDENTLIGHT:Arayoflightthatfallsonthesurfaceofalens—oranyotherobject.The“angleofincidence”istheanglemadebytheraywithaperpendiculartothesurface.　INTENSITY:Themagnitudeofradiantenergy(light)perunit,suchastimeorreflectingsurface.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.IONLASER:Atypeoflaseremployingaveryhighdischargecurrent,passingdownasmallboretoionizeanoblegassuchasargonorkrypton.Theionizationprocesscreatesapopulationinversionforlasingtooccur.Aresearchlaserusefulforsomeindustrialapplications.　IONIZATION:Theprocessbywhichionsareformed.　IRRADIATION:Exposuretoradiantenergy,suchasheat,X-rays,orlight;theproductofirradianceandtime.　JOULE:Onewattpersecond;ameasurementfrequentlygivenforlaseroutputinpulsedoperation.　KEYHOLING:Inwelding,thedeep-penetrationholes,whichfillquicklywithmoltenmetal,thatcanbemadeinafewmillisecondsbylaser.　LASER:AnacronymofLightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Alaserisacavitythathasmirrorsattheendsandisfilledwithlasablematerialsuchascrystal,glass,liquid,gas,ordye.Thesematerialsmusthaveatoms,ions,or光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　）　moleculescapableofbeingexcitedtoametastablestatebylight,electricdischarge,orotherstimulus.Thetransitionfromthismetastablestatebacktothenormalgroundstateisaccompaniedbytheemissionofphotonswhichformacoherentbeam.　LASERACCESSORIES:Thehardwareandoptionsavailableforlasers,suchassecondarygases,Brewsterwindows,Q-switches,andelectronicshutters.　LASERHARDENING:Laser-beamtraversalofmetaltohardenquenchingprocessproducingthemaximumhardnessformostmetals.　LASEROSCILLATION:Thebuildupofthecoherentwavebetweenlasercavityendmirrors.InCWmode,thewaveboundingbackandforthbetweenmirrorstransmitsafractionofitsenergyoneachtrip;inpulsedoperation,emissionhappensinstantaneously.　LASERROD:Asolid-state,rod-shapedlasingmediuminwhichionexcitationiscausedbyasourceofintenselight,suchasaflashlamp.Variousmaterialsareusedfortherod,theearliestofwhichwassyntheticrubycrystal.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.6LEADINGEDGESPIKE:Theinitialpulseinaseriesofpulsedlaseremissions,oftenusefulinstartingareactionatthetargetsurface.Thetrailingedgeofthelaserpowerisusedtomaintainthereactionaftertheinitialburstofenergy.　LIGHT:Therangeofelectromagneticradiationfrequenciesdetectedbytheeye,orthewavelengthrangefromabout400to750nanometers.Itissometimesextendedtoincludephotovoltaiceffectsandradiationbeyondvisiblelimits.　LIGHTREGULATION:Aformofpowerregulationinwhichoutputpowerismaintainedataconstantlevelbycontrollingdischargecurrent.　LUMINANCE:Commonlycalledillumination;theluminousorvisiblefluxperunitareaonareceivingsurfaceatanygivenpoint.　MENISCUSLENS:ThelensusedprimarilyinCO2lasersbyCoherent,Inc.Ithasonesideconvex,theotherconcave.　METASTABLE,METASTABLESTATE:Unstableconditioninwhichtheenergyofamoleculeisatsomediscretelevelabovethelowest,orgroundstate.Itisthisconditionwhichisnecessaryforemissionofphotonsinalaser.(Fromquantumtheory.)　MICROMETER:A“MY-kro’mee-ter”isaunitoflengthequaltoonemillionthofameter,oronemicron.(Nottobeconfusedwithmy-KROM’-a-ter,ameasuringinstrumentusedwithatelescope,microscope,orlaserforfinefocusing).　MILLIJOULE:OnethousandthofaJoule.　MODE:Aparticularfunctioningarrangement,setup,orconditionforlaseroperation,suchascontinuousemission,pulses,orgroupedpulses.“Mode”alsodescribesthe)　MODULATION:Theabilitytosuperimposeanexternalsignalontheoutputbeamofthelaserasacontrol.　MONOCHROMATICLIGHT:Theoretically,lightconsistingofjustonewavelength.Sincenolightiscompletelymonochromatic,itusuallyconsistsofaverynarrowbandofwavelengths.Lasersprovidethenarrowestbands.　NANOMETER:AunitoflengthintheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)equaltoonebillionthofameter(10-9meter).Oncecalledamillimicron,itisusedtorepresentwavelength.Abbreviated”nm.“　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.NEARFIELDIMAGING:Asolid-statelaserimagingtechniqueofferingcontrolofspotsizeandholegeometry,adjustableworkingdistance,uniformenergydistribution,andeasilyproducedrangeofspotsizes.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　Nd:GLASSLASER:Asolid-statelaserofNeodymium:glassofferinghighpowerorshortpulses,orboth,forspecificindustrialapplications.　Nd:YAGLASER:Asolid-statelaserofNeodymium:Yttrium-AluminumGarnet,similartotheNd:glasslaser.Botharepumpedbyflashlamp.　NEMA:NationalElectricalManufacturers’Association,agroupwhichdefinesandrecommendssafetystandardsforelectricalequipment.　NOISE:Unwanted,minorcurrentsorvoltagesinanelectricalsystem.　OBJECT:Thesubjectmatterorfigureimagedby,orseenthrough,anopticalsystem.　OPTICALDENSITY:Protectionfactorprovidedbyafilter(suchasusedineyewear,viewingwindows,etc.)ataspecificwavelength.EachunitofODrepresentsa10xincreaseinprotection.　OPTICALFIBER:Filamentofquartzorotheropticalmaterialcapableoftransmittinglightalongitsconformationandemittingitattheend.　OPTICALPUMPING:Excitingthelasingmediumbytheapplicationoflightratherthanelectricaldischargefromanodeandcathode.　OUTPUTCOUPLER:Theresonatormirrorwhichtransmitslight;theoneattheoppositeendistotallyreflective.　OUTPUTPOWER:Theenergypersecondemittedfromthelaserintheformofcoherentlight,usuallymeasuredinwattsforcontinuous-waveoperationandjoulesforpulsedoperation.　OXYGENASSIST:Incertaincuttingoperations,coaxialoxygeninitiatesanexothermicreactiontoenhancethecuttingrateforthickmetals;inotherwords,oxygenactuallydoesthecutting,withthereactionbeingmaintainedbythelaserbeam.　PHOTOACOUSTICEFFECTS:Ariseswiththeuseofveryshort-durationhigh-energylaserpulses,atpulsedurationstypicallybelow10microseconds.Significantamountsofenergyareabsorbedandarapidexpansionoccursinthetissue,generatinganacousticshockwavethatcausesmechanicaldisruptiontocellularstructures.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.PHOTOCHEMICALEFFECTS:Effectsthatoccurfromlongexposuredurationsatenergydependentprocess(afunctionofthetotalquantityofradiationabsorbedratherthanitsrateofabsorption).　PHOTOMETER:Aninstrumentwhichmeasuresluminousintensity.　PHOTON:Inquantumtheory,theelementalunitoflight,havingbothwaveandparticlebehavior.Ithasmotion,butnomassorcharge.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　）　incidentpowerlevelsinsufficienttocausedamagingphotothermaleffects.ItisanPHOTOTHERMALEFFECTS:Thedamagemechanismforacutelaserinjury(i.e.forinjuryimmediatelyfollowingexposure).Theradiationincidentatthesurfaceisabsorbedintheunderlyingtissue,increasingthetemperatureofthetissuetothelevelatwhichdamagecanoccur,andlaserburnsresult.Itisapowerdependentprocess(afunctionoftheRATEatwhichenergyisabsorbedratherthanthetotalquantityofenergyinvolved).　PLASMA:Inlaserwelding,ametalvaporthatformsabovethespotwherethebeamreactswiththemetalsurface.Alsousedtodescribethelasertube(plasmatube,dischargetube)whichcontainsthecompletelyionizedgasincertainlasers.　POINTINGERRORS:Beammovementanddivergence,oftenpreventablebyusingshortpath-lengths.　POLARIZATION:Restrictionofthevibrationsoftheelectromagneticfieldtoasingleplane,ratherthantheinnumerableplanesrotatingaboutthevectoraxis.Thispreventsopticallossesatinterfacesbetweenthelasingmediumandopticalelements.Variousformsofpolarizationincluderandom,linear(plane),vertical,horizontal,elliptical,andcircular.Oftwopolarizationcomponents(so-called),SandP,thePcomponenthaszerolossesatBrewster’angle.(See“sBREWSTERWINDOWS.”l=wavelengthE=electricvectorH=magneticvector.).Waveamplitudeofaplane-polarizedbeamPOPULATIONINVERSION:Whenmoremolecules(atoms,ions)inalaserareinametastablestatethaninthegroundstate(asituationneededforsustainingahighrateofstimulatedemissions),a“populationinversion”issaidtoexist.Withoutapopulationinversion,therecanbenolasingaction.　POWERDENSITY:Theamountofradiantenergyconcentratedonasurface.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.9POWERMETER:Anaccessoryusedtomonitorlaserbeampowerattherearstation.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　reflector,tunethebeamforoptimumpower,ormonitorpowerdeliveredtotheworkPOWERRAMPING:Acontrolledchangeinthepowerlevelofalaserbeam,eitherlinearly,asuparamp,across,anddownagain—orinseveraldiscretesteps.Usefulforsmoothcompletionofcircularweldsandforpreventingfracturesfromrapidcooling.　PULSEENERGY:Thepowerofasingle,briefemissionfromalaserprogrammedforpulsedbehaviorratherthancontinuousoperation.Pulseenergycanbeseveral　PULSETAIL:Pulsedecaytime,whichcanbeshortened(byusingaspecialmixtureofgases)toallowforfastrepetitionoflaserpulseswithinagivenlengthoftime.　PUMP).　Q:Theenergy-storingefficiencyofalaserresonator.Thehigherthe“Q,”thelessenergyloss.　Q-SWITCH:Adevicethathastheeffectofashuttermovingrapidlyinandoutofthebeamto“spoil”theresonator’snormalQ,keepingitlowtopreventlasingactionuntilahighlevelofenergyisstored.Result:agiantpulseofpowerwhennormalQisrestored.　RADIAN:Anarcinacircle,equalinlengthtotheradius;anangle(57.3?atthecenterofacircle,formedby2radiicuttingoffsuchanarc.Thusonerad=57.3?　RADIANCE:Brightness;theradiantenergyperunitsolidangleandperunitprojectedareaofaradiatingsurface.　RADIANTENERGY:Energytravelingaswavemotion;specifically,theenergyofelectromagneticwaves(light,X-rays,radio,gammarays).　RADIANTFLUX:Therateofemissionortransmissionofradiantenergy.　RADIANTINTENSITY:Radiantpower,orflux,expressedasemissionperunitsolidangleaboutthedirectionofthelightinagivenlengthoftime.　RADIANTPOWER:Theamountofradiantenergyavailableperunit;theradiantflux.　RAMANEFFECT:Partoftheenergyinaphotonistransferredto(orfrom)thevibrational/rotationalenergyofamolecule.　©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.RAMPER:Powercontrolsforaccomplishingtherampingsteps;maybecomputer-controlled.　光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）　光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）　光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）　REFLECTANCE:Theratioofthereflectedfluxtotheincidentflux,ortheratioofreflectedlighttolightfallingontheobject.　REFLECTION:Thereturnofradiantenergy(incidentlight)byasurface,withnochangeinwavelength.　REFRACTION:Thechangeofdirectionofpropagationofanywave,suchasanelectromagneticwave,whenitpassesfromonemediumtoanotherinwhichthewavevelocityisdifferent.Simplyput,thebendingofincidentraysastheypassfromonemediumtoanother,suchasairtowater.　RESOLUTION:Resolvingpower,orthequantitativemeasureoftheabilityofanopticalinstrumenttoproduceseparableimagesofdifferentpointsonanobject;thecapabilityofmakingdistinguishabletheindividualpartsofanobject,closelyadjacentimages,orsourcesoflight.　RESONA