综合英语教程一课一练2阅读解析

Unit3TheGenerationGapSectionBPassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.(U3-1)Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterall,thereisnonaturalreasonwhy2,500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7,000shoulddrownor55,000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.Wildedevelopedanintriguingtheorycalled“riskhomeostasis”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger.If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereanintersectionismadesafer,theaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutrisestoacompensatinglevelelsewherealongthesamestretchofroad.Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.Inallevents,itisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglife,itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions…eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.Youmustalsohavetherightattitude.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500personspersonalitiesandfound,somewhattotheirsurprise,thatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.11.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy.A)themortalityratecannotbepredictedB)thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryearC)aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeingD)peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason12.Inhisresearch,GeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards.A)havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrateB)haveoddlyaccountedformortalityratesinthepastcenturyC)havereducedmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsD)haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths13.Accordingtothetheoryof“riskhomeostasis”,sometrafficaccidentsresultfrom.A)ourinnatedesireforriskB)ourfastandrecklessdrivingC)ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefitsD)ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding14.Bysaying“…statisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers”(Para.2),theauthormeans.A)wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofviewB)deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthemC)deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbeltsD)wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents15.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?A)ShowingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothersB)EatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcareC)CultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheartD)Lookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofrisk这是一篇人文类说明文。第一段中作者提出长期困扰社会科学家的问题，即死亡率遵循一种一成不变的模式。在第二段中作者引用加拿大心理学家GeraldWilde的riskhomeostasis（体内风险平衡）理论分析了原因，并以交通事故为例，指出如果驾驶时系了安全带，这方面原因导致的车祸会降低，但另一方面驾车人因为感到安全可能会开快车，开鲁莽车，从而发生死亡事故。第三段讨论了影响寿命的因素，文中提到，保持长寿，不仅要注意饮食、不抽烟、谨慎驾驶，更要有乐观的生活态度。11.B)语义理解题问的是长期困扰社会科学家的问题是什么，本题依据是第一段最后一句“Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear”，与选项B)“死亡人数年复一年保持稳定”相吻合。12.D)细节推论题本题题干出现在第二段第二句，意思说：虽然有技术进步和安全 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡率在整个世纪中保持着奇怪的恒定（static），由此判断，技术进步和安全标准的提高并未降低各种原因的死亡人数，D项正确。13.A)细节理解题问题是“根据体内风险平衡理论，某些交通事故是由于什么原因”，A)“我们天生的冒险欲望”；B)“开快车，开鲁莽车”；C)“无视安全带的好处”；D)“对超速行驶的本能兴趣”。在第二段靠后，作者先列举交通事故例子，然后在最后一句得出结论：Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.符合A项意思。14.C)句意理解题本句大体意思是：从数字统计的角度说，（开快车开鲁莽车导致的死亡人数的增加）抵消了系保险带（引起的死亡人数减少）的好处。cancelout解释为“抵消，对消”。所以C项“因为其他原因引起的死亡对消了系保险带的好处”符合题意。A和D都包含系保险带没有好处，不对，系保险带有benefits，会降低这方面原因导致的死亡事故。B)“系安全带与不系安全带的死亡人数一样”，无此意。15.C)语义理解题问什么有助于长寿，依据最后一段。A)“对别人信任不要怀疑”，不对，倒数第二句是说疑惑心重的人比乐观豁达的人早逝；B项不对，文中说“eatingtherightfoods”，并不等于低脂食物；C项正确，“anoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheart”都是“asunnydisposition”的特征；D项后半部分不对。PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.(U3-2)WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseitisinherited,therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrandwhichcanrelateanindividualtohisorherfamily(immediateandextended),tribalgroupandevenanentirepopulation.MolecularGenealogy(宗谱学)canusethisuniqueidentificationprovidedbythegeneticmarkerstolinkpeopletogetherintofamilytrees.Pedigrees(家谱)basedonsuchgeneticmarkerscanmeanabreakthroughforfamilytreeswhereinformationisincompleteormissingduetoadoption,illegitimacyorlackofrecords.TherearemanycommunitiesandpopulationswhichhavelostpreciousrecordsduetotragiceventssuchasthefireintheIrishcourtsduringCivilWarin1921orAmericanslavesforwhommanyrecordswereneverkeptinthefirstplace.ThemainobjectiveoftheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupistobuildadatabasecontainingover100,000DNAsamplesfromindividualsallovertheworld.Theseindividualswillhaveprovidedapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsandasmallbloodsample.Oncethedatabasehasenoughsamplestorepresenttheworldgeneticmake-up,itwilleventuallyhelpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonlyontraditionalwrittenrecords.Theoretically,anyindividualwillsomedaybeabletotracehisorherfamilyoriginsthroughthisdatabase.Inthemeantime,asthedatabaseisbeingcreated,moleculargenealogycanalreadyverifypossibleorsuspectedrelationshipsbetweenindividuals.“Forexample,iftwomensharingthesamelastnamebelievethattheyarerelated,butnowrittenrecordprovesthisrelationship,wecanverifythispossibilitybycollectingasampleofDNAfrombothandlookingforcommonmarkers(inthiscasewecanlookprimarilyattheYchromosome(染色体)),”explainsUgoA.Perego,amemberoftheBYUMolecularGenealogyresearchteam.26.PeopleinalargeareamaypossessthesameDNAthreadbecause.A)DNAischaracteristicofaregionB)theyarebeyonddoubtofcommonancestryC)DNAstrandhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsD)theiruniqueidentificationcanbeprovidedviaDNA27.Thepossibleresearchoffamilytreesisbasedonthefactthat.A)geneticshasachievedabreakthroughB)geneticinformationcontainedinDNAcanberevealednowC)eachindividualcarriesauniquerecordofwhoheisandhowheisrelatedtoothersD)wecanuseDNAtoprovehowdistantanindividualistoafamily,agrouporapopulation28.TheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupisbuildingadatabaseforthepurposeof.A)offeringassistanceinworkingoutgenealogy-relatedproblemsB)solvingmanyissueswithoutrelyingontraditionalwrittenrecordsC)providingapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsintheworldD)confirmingtheassumptionthatallindividualsareofthesameorigin29.Iftwomensuspectedforsomereasontheyhaveacommonancestor,.A)wecandecideaccordingtotheirfamilytreeB)wecanfindthetruthfromtheirgeneticmarkersC)wecancomparethedifferencesintheirYchromosomeD)wecanlookforwrittenrecordstoprovetheirrelationship30.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?A)Weareawalking,living,breathingrecordofourancestorsB)ManyAmericanslavesdidnotknowwhotheirancestorswere.C)Anadoptedchildgenerallylacksenoughinformationtoprovehisidentity.D)Moleculargenealogycanbeusedtoprovearelationshipbetweenindividuals.这是一篇科普类说明文。文章提到，DNA可以用来识别个人身份。宗谱学利用遗传标记所提供的独有识别特征将人连成家族树。对于家族信息缺失的人来说，通过研究他们的遗传标记，可以使他们的家谱研究取得突破。宗谱学研究小组（theMolecularGenealogyResearchGroup）建立一个由10万基因样本组成的数据库，其最终目的是帮助解决仅靠传统文字资料不能完全解决的有关宗谱的问题。26.B)单句理解推断题题干的意思是对第一句中“therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrand（也有一些区域具有同样的DNA线索）”的改写，原因就是前面提到的“becauseitisinherited（DNA具有遗传性）”，既然是遗传，那么可以推断出具有同样DNA特征的人必定有同样的祖先。比较四个选项，B符合这样的意思。27.C)语义理解推断题基于第一段第二、三句，我们知道遗传标记提供独有的识别特征（uniqueidentification）把人们连接在一起，形成家族树。换句话说，能对家族树进行研究，是因为遗传标记的独有特征可以用来判断一个人的基因身份以及与他人之间的关系，C项正确。A)“遗传学取得突破”和B)“包含在DNA中的基因信息现在可以揭示出来”没有回答进行家族树研究依据什么基础这样的问题；而D项强调“用DNA证明有多远（howdistant）”与文章相孛。28.A)细节理解题题干问的是建数据库的目的，对照第二段中“helpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonly…(有助于解决仅靠…不能解决的宗谱有关的许多问题)”。四个选项：A)“解决宗谱有关的问题时提供帮助”，正确；B)“无须依赖传统文字资料解决许多问题”；C)“提供代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 世界基因构成的家谱树”；D)“获得10万份世界各地个人DNA样本”均不正确。29.B)细节推断题题干的表述相当于第三段第二句的“iftwomensharingthesamelastnamebelievethattheyarerelated”，做题依据是本句的后半句“wecanverifythispossibilitybycollectingasampleofDNAfrombothandlookingforcommonmarkers(通过采集两个人的DNA样本寻找共同的遗传标记来确定这种可能性)”，B项符合。C)“比较他们Y染色体的不同”，并非要强调不同，错误。30.C)篇章推断题A)“我们的方方面面 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 着我们的祖先”，可以推断，因为DNA具有遗传特性；B)“许多美国黑奴不知道他们的祖先”，正确，依据是第一段最后一句；C)“收养的孩子或者孤儿与他们的家族树没有关系”，不正确，因为他们与家族树的关系是基因特征而不是其他因素决定的；D)“宗谱学能用来证明人与人之间的关系”，识别和证明人的身份关系是宗谱学的目的，正确。Unit5OvercomingObstaclesPassageOne(1)Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.(2)Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(变化无常的)andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.　　EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.(3)AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis,ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.　　(4)Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthatthereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.　　(5)Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.　　1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat____.　　A)thewriterhimselfishomeless,eveninhiseighties　　B)manyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities　　C)thereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities　　D)homelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofreceivingfreeeducation　　2.TheNationalCoalitionforthehomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis_____.　　A)350,000　　B)1,500,000　　C)440,000　　D)110,000　　3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoestimate.Thereasonmightwellbe____.　　A)thehomelesschildrenaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren　　B)thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly　　C)thehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool　　D)somehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies　　4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat___.　　A)theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized　　B)theestimatesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine　　C)theaddressofgrade-schoolchildrenshouldbelocated　　D)allhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation　　5.Thepassagemainlydealswith____.　　A)thelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren　　B)theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren　　C)thesocialstatusofoldermales　　D)estimatesonthehomelesspopulation　　【答案及详解】　　答案：CCDAB　　(1)直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。(2)许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。　　美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。(3)一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。　　(4)有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的“浪荡”少年。据纽约 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。　　(5)联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德•B•麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所。PassageTwoIfwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeminpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn,Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(耐用).Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright,Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.36.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney________.　　A)bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry　　B)becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions　　C)byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing　　D)becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomensclothing　　37.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenaltertheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas_________.　　A)awasteofmoney　　B)awasteoftime　　C)anexpressionoftaste　　D)anexpressionofcreativity　　38.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe________ofclothing.　　A)costB)appearanceC)comfortD)suitability　　39.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?　　A)Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.　　B)Theconstantchangesinwomen'sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.　　C)Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.　　D)Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.36.C依据：Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeminpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.37.B依据：wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave38.C依据：Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(耐用).39.A依据：Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Unit7LearningaboutEnglishSectionBPassageOneAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.【解析】这篇文章讲述了当今社会“健康”概念的新发展。全文比较少见地一共只有两大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的节选)，第一段开头介绍了当今社会人们医疗观念的转变，即人们关注的焦点正在从治疗转变为预防。这一现象是众所周知的，作者可以借此不动声色地引出了文章的论题——健康观念的转变问题。在此之后，作者立即把笔锋指向正题，提出这种观念上的转变其实还可以探究得更为深入(Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther)。在第一段的其余部分，作者使用了一系列does……but句型，对一种健康状态进行了具体的描述，最后指出这种程度上的“健康”其实还有改善的余地(couldbealothealthier)。　　第一段完成了对一种健康但又不够健康的状态的具体描述，第二段开头则指出传统观念未对notill(不得病)和excellenthealth(身体极佳)进行区分，都称为健康(well)，那么读到这里，显然可以判断第一段描述的是notill这一概念。　　此后作者提出一种观点，即只有那些积极努力保持和改善健康状态的人(whoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth)才可称是“健康的”(well)或达到了“健康状态”(wellness)。之后作者分别对well和wellness作了具体的解释。62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.　　A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalcondition　　B)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctions　　C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits　　D)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being62.题目问当今的医疗正更为注重什么。这道题较为简单。文章开头说道：thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors，意思是社会的医疗焦点正从治病变为防病，尤其是在改变人们不健康的行为方面。Shifting是转变的意思，使用了进行时态，与题目中的placing一样，说明这种转变正在发生之中。而题目中的more一词可以体现出“转变”的含义。(C)　　四个题支的意思是：　　A，使人们的身体状况保持健康状态。　　B，跟踪监控病人的身体机能。　　C，祛除人们坏的生活习惯。　　D，保证人们的心理健康。　　A和D分别讲的生理健康和心理健康，在文中没有提到过心理健康问题，可以排除D，而A所说的“保持健康状态”较为空泛，可以把第一段提到的治病(curingdisease)和防病(preventingdisease)都包括进去，但文中的转变恰恰是治病与防病之间的转变，这个意思在A中无法体现出来。　　B专指病人(patients)，讲的是医生对病人的治疗问题，而全篇文章中心思想是无病的人如何才算得到真正的健康，与病人的治疗无关。　　C讲的是祛除坏习惯，与changingourmanyunhealthybehaviors意思接近，unhealthybehviors在很大程度上可以是不健康的生活习惯。62.题干中的medicalcareisplacingmorestresson和原文第一段中的thefocusofmedicalcare细节一致。而在第一段第一句Aswehaveseen，thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease——especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors，suchaspooreatinghabits，smoking，andfailuretoexercise.破折号之后的内容表明，现代医疗保健主要关注的是改掉人们的不良生活习惯。这里考生应对从文中找到所需的细节进行适当归纳。63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.　　A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill　　B)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmful　　C)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfit　　D)preventionismoredifficultthancure2.题目问在第一段中，人们受到何种教导。　　A，好健康不仅仅是没有得病。第一段在上半部分指出在医疗焦点的转变问题上，可以讨论得更为深入一点(canbepursuedfurther)，而后以类似于汉语里的排比句的形式列举了某种健康状态的具体表现，最后以Thispersonisnotill(无病)、thispersoncouldbealothealthier(可以更健康)结尾，作者的意图非常好明显，好健康远不止是不得病。A的说法正确。　　B，饮酒，即便不过量，也是对身体有害的。文中关于饮酒的叙述是这样的：whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk，意思是这个人多数夜晚都在家里喝些啤酒，但从不酒后驾车，afewbeers可以看做是没有过量的喝酒，否则就会用alotof。第一段结尾对这个人的评价是Thispersonisnotill，意即不算十分健康，但也不会得病。这句话说明作者没有把适度喝酒看做是不健康的行为，因此B的说法不对。　　C，定期进行身体检查对保持健康是必要的。第一段中没有出现身体检查的内容。　　D，预防比治疗更加困难。文章提到预防与治疗是说人们在医疗上的关注点从治疗转变到了预防(fromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease)，没有说哪一个更为困难。64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.　　A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabits　　B)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicaps　　C)isabletohandlehisdailyroutines　　D)isfreefromanykindofdisease64.题目问传统上讲，一个人在何种情况下会被视为“健康的”(well)。可以看到第二段在开头提到了传统健康观点：Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”。这个句子的主语是医学界(Thefieldofmedicine)，谓语是“未作区分”，而后使用了一个between……and句型，引出未作区分的二个对象，第二个and之后的pays其主语依然是医学界，因为它使用了第三人称单数形式，和前面的has一致。副词traditionally限定了这段描述的对象是传统医疗观点。这句话的意思是传统医学界未对仅仅“没有得病”和“十分健康”做出区分，而把注意力放在了身体的特殊需求上。这二种情况都被称作了健康。　　四个选项是：　　A，没有任何有害健康的生活习惯。根据文意，这应该是健康新观点的倡导之一。　　B，没有任何生理缺陷。第二段解释“well”观点时提到了handicap，原意是说一个人只要努力追求健康，即使具有生理缺陷也可以是well。这里讲的健康新观点。B的说法错误。　　C，能够处理好日常事务。文章最后一句话提到了dailylife，讲到wellness会对dailylife产生积极的影响，但这里的wellness同样属于新观点。　　D，没有任何疾病。根据上面的分析，传统医学界没有就“没有得病”和“十分健康”做出区分，即二者完全相等，健康就是没有疾病。D的说法正确。64.题干中的traditionally和considered“well”都能在原文第二段首句Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydis