广西柳州高级中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题(解析版)

广西柳州高级中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题(解析版)柳州高中2019级高一上学期期末考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，先将自己的姓名、班级和考号填写和用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交，试题可自行保留。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatisTinawearing?A.Apairofboots.  B.Asweater.  C.Ahat.2.WhowillprobablytakeJessicatoherdancelesson?A.Hermother.  B.Herfather.  C.Heraunt.3.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Ridingbikes.  B.Eatingdinner.  C.Readingaboutnature.4.Whenshouldthemanbebackaccordingtothewoman?A.Inthreehours.  B.Insevenhours.  C.Intenhours.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Daisyshouldrestathome.  B.Daisyshouldgotoschool.  C.Daisycanreadatthebeach.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherewillthespeakershavedinnertonight?A.Atarestaurant.  B.Attheman’shome.  C.Atthewoman’shome.7.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutfishheadsoup?A.Shedoesn’tlikeit.  B.Shecan’twaittoeatit.  C.Shethinksit’llmakehersick.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howlonghasthewomanbeenunhappy?A.Foraweek.  B.Foramonth.  C.Forsixmonths.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Readthegoodcomments.B.Spendsometimeinnature.C.Tellthebadpeoplehowshefeels.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhogaveVickythebook?A.Mr.Brown.  B.Mrs.Smith.  C.Herparents.11.WhatdoesVickythinkaboutherbook?A.It’sbelowherlevel.B.Itreallyinterestsher.C.IthelpsherlearnmoreaboutChinesehistory.12.WhyshouldVickygotoMrs.Smith?A.Foratranslation.  B.Foranotherbook.  C.Forhelpwithherhomework.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whoisrunningaroundthetrack?A.TheReds.  B.TheBlues.  C.TheYellows.14.WhataretheGreensdoingatthemoment?A.Running.  B.Resting.  C.Drinking.15.Howwillthewomankeepherselfcooler?A.Bywearingahat.  B.Byusinganumbrella.  C.Bysittingunderatree.16.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Agamethatwillstartsoon.B.Sportswhicharepopularonahotday.C.Tipstopreventthesunfromburningyou.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Accordingtothetalk,whathadteabeenusedfor?A.Healingthesick.  B.Losingweight.  C.Gettingmoreenergy.18.WhathappenedinthesecondcenturyB.C.?A.Peoplestoppedgoingtoteahouses.B.Teawasfirstusedinbusiness.C.TeafirstappearedinChina.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutteatoday?A.It’softengivenasagift.B.It’sthenationaldrinkofChina.C.It’sslowlydisappearingfromsociety.20.HowmanyteahousesarethereinChinaaccordingtothetalk?A.Nearlytwohundred.  B.Aboutathousand.  C.Morethantenthousand.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AUMassLowell’sOAPTripsUMassLowell’sOutdoorAdventure(冒险)Programoffersallkindsofoutdoortripstopeople.Belowistheinformationaboutourtrips.HIKINGSomeofthemostbeautifulmountainsareonlyafewhoursawayfromUMassLowell.Nomattertheseason,weexplorethesegreatplaces.Wehikeupmountainstowatchthebrightfallcolorsorfreshgreenofspring.Weexperiencethewonderlandofwinteronourwinterdayhikes.Whetheritisyourfirsttimeor50th,thesehikingtripsarepackedfulloffunandadventure.BIKINGOurbikingtripsincludedayroadbikingtripsandovernightbikingtrips.Ondaytrips,weenjoylocalgreenwaysliketheNashuaRailTrailortheMinutemanTrailOnovernighttrips,wemaytraveltoplaceslikeCapeCodorPortlandMaine.Wealsotakebreakstoenjoythebeaches,lighthouses,parksandsmalltownsthatwepassalongtheway.SURFINGOursurfingtripstraveltoHamptonBeach,NHinthefallandNarragansett,RIinthespring.Beginnersspendthefirst1-1.5hourswithasurfinginstructorstartingonlandandthengettingintothewater.Therestofthetimeisavailabletocatchwaves.SNOWBOARDING(单板滑雪)NewEnglandwintersareknownforthesnowfall.Oursnowboardingtripstakeadvantageofwinterconditionstogetmembersoutonthewhite.WespendoneweekendatapopularplacelikeKillington,VT,whichoffersdifferentpaths.WespendaneveningatCrotchedMountain,whichofferscampfiresandlivemusictoenjoy.1.WhatdoweknowaboutHIKING?A.Itusuallylastsafewdays.  B.Itmayincludebigdangers.C.It’savailablealltheyearround.  D.It’sespeciallyfitforbeginners.2.WhatcanyoudoduringBIKING?A.Climbsomefamousmountains.  B.Visitsomeplacesasatourist.C.Enjoysomeseafood.  D.Liveinsmalltowns.3.Whichtripshouldyouchooseifyouwanttoenjoymusicaroundcampfires?A.HIKING.  B.BIKING.C.SURFING.  D.SNOWBOARDING.【答案】1.C  2.B  3.D【解析】本文为说明文。麻省大学洛厄尔校区的户外探险项目为人们提供各种户外旅行。本文主要介绍有关旅行的信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HIKING中的“Nomattertheseason,weexplorethesegreatplaces.”无论什么季节，我们都会探索这些很棒的地方。即一年中什么时候都可以去，C项（全年都可以去）符合题意，故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据BIKING中的“Ourbikingtripsincludedayroadbikingtripsandovernightbikingtrips.Ondaytrips,weenjoylocalgreenwaysliketheNashuaRailTrailortheMinutemanTrailOnovernighttrips,wemaytraveltoplaceslikeCapeCodorPortlandMaine.Wealsotakebreakstoenjoythebeaches,lighthouses,parksandsmalltownsthatwepassalongtheway.”可知，自行车旅行包括日间公路自行车旅行和夜间自行车旅行。日间旅行中，享受当地的绿色通道，如纳舒阿铁路步道或民兵小径，夜间旅行中，可以前往科德角或缅因州波特兰等地。休息时欣赏沿途经过的海滩、灯塔、公园和小镇。由此可推断出骑行中，可以作为一名游客游览一些地方。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SNOWBOARDING中的“...WespendaneveningatCrotchedMountain,whichofferscampfiresandlivemusictoenjoy.”可知我们在CrotchMountain度过一个晚上，这里提供篝火和现场音乐供您欣赏。由此可推断出想在篝火周围欣赏音乐，就要选择SNOWBOARDING。故选D。BTheword“music”iseasiertouseinpracticethantoexplain.Musicisareminder(提醒物)ofhowthingsoncewere,asymbolofhowthingsareandaviewofwheresocietyisheaded.Musiccanbringusbacktomemorieswewishtoneverforget,orbringushopewhenwefeelthatallislost.AccordingtoNietzsche,“Nothingisworthlivingforwithoutmusic.”AndAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“Withoutthemusiceducationinmychildhood,Iwouldsucceedinnothing.”Mostofusenjoydifferentkindsofmusicjusttoentertain(娱乐).Arethereotherreasonsforustolistentomusic?Sometypesofmusiccanmakeusfeelrelaxed.Afteralongworkday,classicalmusicorcertaintypesofjazzcanphysicallyrelaxourbodiesandtakeourattentionawayfromthecaresoftheday—atleastforawhile.Ontheotherhand,loud,fastmusicwithastrongbeatcanexciteus.Infact,sometimeswemaypreferonekindofmusic,butatothertimes,that’sthelastthingwewanttolistento.Musicalsoaffectsourfeelings.Moviemusiccanmostclearlyshowthis.Ifyoucloseyoureyesinanactionmovieoradisastermovie,youcanprettymuchtellwhat’shappeningonthescreenbythemusicalone.Thesameistrueforalovestory.Filmcomposers(作曲家)suchasJohnWilliamsgetpaidbigmoneyfortheirabilitytochangeyourfeelingsfrommomenttomoment.Sowhat’sgoingonbetweenyouandmusic?Clearly,musicandfeelingsarecloselyconnectedinsomenon-physicalway.4.WhyareNietzscheandAlbertEinsteinmentionedinParagraph1?A.Toshowmusichelpspeoplesucceed.  B.Toshowthedevelopmentofmusic.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmusic.  D.Toshowmusiciseverywhere.5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Classicalmusicismorepopularthanjazz.B.Entertainmentisthewholestoryofmusic.C.Anartist’scharacterdecideshismusicstyle.D.Peopleneeddifferentmusicatdifferenttimes.6.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisfilmcomposers’ability?A.Theycanintroducedifferentmusictopeople.B.Theycanproduceaneffectonpeople’sfeelings.C.Theycanconnectwithpeoplenon-physically.D.Theycanhelppeoplebecomeconfident.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePowerofMusic  B.DifferentKindsofmusicCTheTrueMeaningofMusic  D.TheEntertainmentValueofmusic【答案】4.C  5.D  6.B  7.A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明音乐的力量。音乐是是对过去事的提醒，是一种象征，音乐会带给我们希望。不同的音乐有不同的作用，电影作曲家能用音乐影响人们的感情。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的AccordingtoNietzsche,“Nothingisworthlivingforwithoutmusic.”AndAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“Withoutthemusiceducationinmychildhood,Iwouldsucceedinnothing.”(尼采说:“没有音乐就没有生活的价值。”阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过:“如果没有我童年的音乐教育，我将一事无成”。)根据以上的尼采和爱因斯坦的话可知，音乐非常重要，故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Sometypesofmusiccanmakeusfeelrelaxed.Afteralongworkday,classicalmusicorcertaintypesofjazzcanphysicallyrelaxourbodiesandtakeourattentionawayfromthecaresoftheday—atleastforawhile.Ontheotherhand,loud,fastmusicwithastrongbeatcanexciteus.”可知，有些音乐能让我们感到放松。在长时间的工作之后，古典音乐或某些类型的爵士乐可以使我们的身体放松，至少一段时间能将我们的注意力从从日常的烦恼中解脱出来。另一方面，响亮、快速、节奏强劲的音乐能使我们兴奋。由此可推断出，听不同的音乐是因为不同时间有不同的需要。尤其是最后一句“Infact,sometimeswemaypreferonekindofmusic,butatothertimes,that’sthelastthingwewanttolistento”事实上，有时我们可能更喜欢一种音乐，但有时，那是我们最不想听的。综合可知，人们在不同的时候需要不同的音乐。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Musicalsoaffectsourfeelings.Moviemusiccanmostclearlyshowthis...Filmcomposers(作曲家)suchasJohnWilliamsgetpaidbigmoneyfortheirabilitytochangeyourfeelingsfrommomenttomoment.”音乐影响我们的感情。在电影音乐最清楚地显示这一点。...像约翰·威廉姆斯这样的电影作曲家，因为他们能够不时地改变你的感觉而得到丰厚的报酬。由此可知，电影作曲家能用音乐来改变你的情感。分析选项可知B项Theycanproduceaneffectonpeople’sfeelings（它们能影响人们的感情）符合题意，故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文第一段“Musicisareminder(提醒物)ofhowthingsoncewere,asymbolofhowthingsareandaviewofwheresocietyisheaded.Musiccanbringusbacktomemorieswewishtoneverforget,orbringushopewhenwefeelthatallislost.AccordingtoNietzsche,”。讲述了因为音乐是对过去事物的提醒，是事物的象征，是对社会走向的看法。音乐可以让我们回到我们希望永远不会忘记的记忆中，或者当我们感到一切都失去了时带给我们希望。由此可知，这是说“音乐的力量”。第二段具体说明音乐的力量。“Sometypesofmusiccanmakeusfeelrelaxed.Afteralongworkday,classicalmusicorcertaintypesofjazzcanphysicallyrelaxourbodiesandtakeourattentionawayfromthecaresoftheday—atleastforawhile.Ontheotherhand,loud,fastmusicwithastrongbeatcanexciteus.Infact,”即不同时候人们听不同音乐，古典音乐会让人在工作之余放松，去除烦恼。另一方面，响亮、快速、节奏强劲的音乐能使我们兴奋。最后一段再次叙述音乐的力量。如“Musicalsoaffectsourfeelings.Moviemusiccanmostclearlyshowthis.Filmcomposers...theirabilitytochangeyourfeelingsfrommomenttomoment”音乐也影响我们的感情。电影音乐可以最清楚地显示这一点。而电影作曲家能用音乐来改变你的情感。由此可知，本文主要叙述音乐的力量。分析选项可知A项（ThePowerofMusic）是最佳题目，故选A。【点睛】文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。如何确定最佳标题的方法？在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现的强调信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息。找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题。即寻找文章的主题句。文章主要论题的关键是找到文章的主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段，也可能在文章的末段，在文章的某一段落，或分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心集中起来，即为全文的主题句。若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括文章的内容，从而得出文章的最佳标题。如第4小题，属于主旨大意题。本文第一段“Musicisareminder(提醒物)ofhowthingsoncewere,asymbolofhowthingsareandaviewofwheresocietyisheaded.Musiccanbringusbacktomemorieswewishtoneverforget,orbringushopewhenwefeelthatallislost.AccordingtoNietzsche,”。因为音乐是对过去事物的提醒，是事物的象征，是对社会走向的看法。音乐可以让我们回到我们希望永远不会忘记的记忆中，或者当我们感到一切都失去了时带给我们希望。由此可知，这是说“音乐的力量”。第二段具体说明音乐的力量。“Sometypesofmusiccanmakeusfeelrelaxed.Afteralongworkday,classicalmusicorcertaintypesofjazzcanphysicallyrelaxourbodiesandtakeourattentionawayfromthecaresoftheday—atleastforawhile.Ontheotherhand,loud,fastmusicwithastrongbeatcanexciteus.Infact,”即不同时候人们听不同音乐，古典音乐会让人在工作之余放松，去除烦恼。另一方面，响亮、快速、节奏强劲的音乐能使我们兴奋。最后一段再次叙述音乐的力量。如“Musicalsoaffectsourfeelings.Moviemusiccanmostclearlyshowthis.Filmcomposers...theirabilitytochangeyourfeelingsfrommomenttomoment”音乐也影响我们的感情。电影音乐可以最清楚地显示这一点。而电影作曲家能用音乐来改变你的情感。由此可知，本文主要叙述音乐的力量。分析选项可知A项（ThePowerofMusic）是最佳题目，故选A。CAsanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjusthowmuchmore.Lewisandhisco-workerscarriedouttheirstudybyvideotaping(录像)thefamilieswhiletheyateordinarymealsintheirownhomes.Theyfoundthatparentswithsmallfamiliestalkactivelywitheachotherandtheirchildren.Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparents’effortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymake.Thatcanhaveanimportanteffectonthechildren.“Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildren’sIQscores,”Lewissays.“Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthereis.”Thestudyalsoprovidesanexplanationforwhymiddlechildrenoftenseemtohaveahardertimeinlifethantheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Lewisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild,whohasthemosttotalkabout,andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention.“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”saysLewis.“Whenyouseesomeonegetupfromthetableandwalkaroundduringdinner,chancesareit’sthemiddlechild.”Thereis,however,onethingthatstopsallconversationandpreventsanyonefromhavingattention:“WhentheTVison,”Lewissays,“dinnerisanon-event.”8.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthetextisto_________.A.showtherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenB.teachparentswaystokeeporderatthedinnertableC.reportonthefindingsofastudyD.giveinformationaboutfamilyproblems9.Parentswithlargefamiliesaskfewerquestionsatdinnerbecause_________.A.theyarebusyservingfoodtotheirchildrenB.theyarebusykeepingorderatthedinnertableC.theyhavetopaymoreattentiontoyoungerchildrenD.theyaretiredouthavingpreparedfoodforthewholefamily10.Bysaying“Middlechildrenareinvisible”inparagraph3,Lewismeansthatmiddlechildren_________.A.havetohelptheirparentstoservedinnerB.gettheleastattentionfromthefamilyC.areoftenkeptawayfromthedinnertableD.findithardtokeepupwithotherchildren11.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriteragreeto?A.Itisimportanttohavetherightfoodforchildren.B.ItisagoodideatohavetheTVonduringdinner.C.Parentsshouldtalktoeachoftheirchildrenfrequently.D.Elderchildrenshouldhelptheyoungeronesatdinner.【答案】8.C  9.B  10.B  11.C【解析】试题分析：本文是一则研究 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 ，通过对餐桌时间对话的研究发现了很多的信息。【小题1】C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Asanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjusthowmuchmore.可知MichaelLewis和他的同事对餐桌时的家庭对话进行了研究，后面两段中对这次的研究结果进行了说明。故C项正确。【小题2】B细节理解题。根据第二段第三句Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparents’effortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymake.可知孩子多的家庭在吃饭的时候，父母亲要忙于管理秩序，和孩子们之间的对话就少了很多。故B正确。【小题3】B推理判断题。根据第三段Lewisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild,whohasthemosttotalkabout,andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention.可知在多个孩子的家庭里，第一个孩子和最后一个孩子经常会得到最多的关注，而中间的孩子经常被忽视。故B项正确。【小题4】C推理判断题。根据第二段后两句“Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildren’sIQscores,”Lewissays.“Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthereis.”可知父母亲和孩子交流越多，孩子的智商更高。那么父母亲应该和孩子做更多的交流。故C项正确。【名师点睛】本文【小题1】属于主旨大意题。主旨题可以通过“串线摘帽”法来解决。即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。①主旨题的标志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（主要针对自然段少的文章；针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的）③小心首段陷阱。④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：⑴局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；⑵范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。考点：考查说明文阅读DThereisahugeneedforsharkfins(鳍)inAsiancountries.Asaresult,manysharksarecaughtandkilled.Accordingtoreports,sharksarebeingkilledatanshockingrate(速度)ofupto273millionworldwideeveryyear.Someexpertspredictthatifthekillingcontinuesatthecurrentrate,manysharkspecieswillbelostforever.Itcanbeverydangerous.Sharksareveryimportantandtheyshouldbeprotected.InastudyoftheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates,11speciesofsharkswereeliminatedfromtheirrange.Ofthe14speciesofoceanlifethatthosesharksusedtoeat,thepopulationsof12explodedandcausedgreatdamagetotheecosystem.Forexample,thecownoseray(鳐)populationwasnolongerkeptundercontrolbysharksandsogrewoutofcontrol.Asaresult,theraysdestroyedthepopulationofbayscallops(扇贝),theirfavoritefood.Thescallopfishery,whichhadbeeningoodconditionforover100years,wasdestroyedcompletely.Also,theremovalofthescallopsmostlikelyhadaneffectonwaterqualityastheywerenolongertheretoperformtheirfunction(功能)ofcleaningthewater.Sharkstendtoeatveryefficiently(高效地),goingaftertheold,sick,orslowerfishinapopulation,keepingthatpopulationhealthy.Sharkshelpkeepmanypopulationsofoceanlifetotherightsizesothatthoseprey(猎物)speciesdon’tdoharmtotheecosystembybecomingtoopopulated.Theoceanecosystemismadeupofverycomplex(复杂地)foodwebs.Forthemostpart,sharksareatthetopofthesewebsandareconsideredbyscientiststobe“keystone”species,meaningthatremovingthemmaycausethewholestructuretofallapart.Therefore,weshouldprotectsharksbecausedoingsoistoprotectthewholeecosystem.12.Accordingtothepassage,inAsian,peoplekillsharksmainlybecause________.A.sharksaredangerousforpeople  B.therearetoomanysharksC.sharkfinsareingreatneed  D.sharksoftenattackswimmers13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“eliminated”inParagraph4?A.Fed.  B.Removed.  C.Charged.  D.Protected.14.Afterthenumberofcownoseraysgreatlyincreased,________.A.waterqualityimprovedaswell  B.bayscallopsgrewoutofcontrolC.therearemorefoodforshark  D.thelocalscallopfisherywasharmed15.WhatcanweknowaboutsharksfromParagraph4?A.Theycan’tfindenoughfoodtofeedon.B.Theynevereattheold,sickorslowerfish.C.Theirlargepopulationscanharmtheecosystem.D.Theyplayakeyroleinkeepingtheecosystemhealthy.【答案】12.C  13.B  14.D  15.D【解析】分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。文章主要说明由于亚洲国家对鱼翅的需求量很大而导致许多鲨鱼被捕获并杀死。由于鲨鱼是海洋生物食物网的关键物种，有助于海洋生态系统平衡。它们的消失可能会导致整个海洋系统崩溃。因此，我们应该保护鲨鱼，保护整个生态系统。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thereisahugeneedforsharkfins(鳍)inAsiancountries.Asaresult,manysharksarecaughtandkilled”可知亚洲国家对鱼翅的需求量很大。因此许多鲨鱼被捕获并杀死。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句“11speciesofsharkswereeliminatedfromtheirrange.”后的内容“Ofthe14speciesofoceanlifethatthosesharksusedtoeat,thepopulationsof12exploded...”在这些鲨鱼曾经食用的14种海洋生物中，有12种数量激增，...。由此可知，鲨鱼的消失或减少让曾经是它的食物的14种中有12种海洋生物大增。分析选项A.Fed喂养；B.Removed使消失，去除，离开，C.Charged要价，控告；D.Protected.保护，可知只有B项符合题意，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...thecownoseray(鳐)populationwasnolongerkeptundercontrolbysharksandsogrewoutofcontrol.Asaresult,theraysdestroyedthepopulationofbayscallops(扇贝),theirfavoritefood.Thescallopfishery,whichhadbeeningoodconditionforover100years,wasdestroyedcompletely.”可知，牛鼻鳐的数量不再受鲨鱼的控制，以一种无法控制的方式增长。结果，牛鼻鳐摧毁了它们最喜欢的食物——海湾扇贝的种群。已有100多年历史的扇贝渔业遭到了彻底的破坏。由此可推断出，牛鼻鳐的数量大大增加后，扇贝急剧减少，当地的扇贝渔业受到了损失。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Forthemostpart,sharksareatthetopofthesewebsandareconsideredbyscientiststobe“keystone”species,meaningthatremovingthemmaycausethewholestructuretofallapart.Therefore,weshouldprotectsharksbecausedoingsoistoprotectthewholeecosystem.”在大多数情况下，鲨鱼在这些食物网的顶部，被科学家认为是“关键”物种，这意味着它们消失可能会导致整个结构崩溃。因此，我们应该保护鲨鱼，因为这样做是为了保护整个生态系统。由此可推断出，鲨鱼在保持整个生态系统的平衡方面起着非常重要的作用。故选D项。【点睛】阅读中我们经常会考查词义猜测题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。如第2小题属于测词意题。根据划线词“11speciesofsharkswereeliminatedfromtheirrange.”后的内容“Ofthe14speciesofoceanlifethatthosesharksusedtoeat,thepopulationsof12exploded...”在这些鲨鱼曾经食用的14种海洋生物中，有12种数量激增，...。由此可知，鲨鱼的消失和减少会让曾经是它的食物的14种中有12种海洋生物大增。分析选项A.Fed喂养；B.Removed使消失，去除，离开，C.Charged要价，控告；D.Protected.保护，可知，只有B项符合题意，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoSayNoRespectfullyLikemostpeople,yournaturalinstinct(本能)isprobablytohelpotherswhenyoucan.____16____Whetheryou’redeclininganinvitationtoapartyorturningdownanewprojectatwork,youcansaynowhilestillbeingrespectful.Whateverthesituationis,beclear,politeandfirmwhensayingno.Expressyourthanks.____17____Ifyouhavetoturnsomeonedown,expressyourthanksthattheythoughtofyouinthefirstplace.Youcouldsaysomethinglike,“Thanksforconsideringmeresponsibleenoughtowatchyourkids.I’msorrythatI’mbusythatevening.”Thinkbeforeyouspeak.Ifyousaynoimmediately,itmightseemlikeyoudidn’tevenconsidertherequest.Inordertoberespectful,takeamomenttothinkaboutyouranswer—evenifyoualreadyknowwhatitisgoingtobe.____18____Giveaclearanswer.Sayingnorespectfullyshowsthatyou’rehonestanddirect.____19____Ifyoucan’thelp,sayso.Ifsomeoneisaskingyouonadateandyoudon’twanttogo,makethatclear.____20____Youcansaynowithoutcompletelyturningdowntherequest.Bysettingboundaries,youcanmakeitclearexactlywhatyoucandoandwhatyouarewillingtodo.Forexample,youcouldsay,“I’mnotfreefordinner,butIwouldbecomingforaquickdrinkafterwork.”A.Findawaytocompromise(妥协).B.Takeapause,andthenkindlysayno.C.Butsometimesyoujustneedtosayno.D.It’sstrangetofeelguiltyforturningsomeonedown.E.Makeitclearthatyousincerelyappreciatebeingasked.F.Ifyoufeelitnecessary,youcanalsoprovideareasonforyouranswer.G.Donotgivepeoplefalsehopethatyouwillbeabletosatisfytheirrequest.【答案】16.C  17.E  18.B  19.G  20.A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地拒绝别人。【16题详解】空前讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”，接下来话锋一转，下文说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地拒绝别人”，前后是转折关系。C项Butsometimes,youjustneedtosayno（但有时候，你只需要说不）符合题意，故选C。【17题详解】本段的第一句为段落主题句，所以空格处意思在进一步解释说明这一主题。分析选项，可知E项Makeitclearthatyousincerelyappreciatebeingasked（要表达清楚你很真诚地感激得到邀请）符合题意，而且选项中的“appreciate”与本段的第一句的Expressyourthanks（表达你的谢意）是同义词，放入句中意义一致，故选E。【18题详解】本段首句“Thinkbeforeyouspeak.(三思而行)“为段落主题句，意为“在说（不）之前要思考一下”。而B项Takeapause,andthenkindlysayno.（停一下，然后再善意地拒绝）与此处匹配，故选B。【19题详解】由本段句首“Giveaclearanswer.Sayingnorespectfullyshowsthatyou’rehonestanddirect.”可知，本段主要叙述明确答复对方，有礼貌地拒绝别人表示你是诚实的、直接的，以及空格后的“Ifyoucan’thelp,sayso.Ifsomeoneisaskingyouonadateandyoudon’twanttogo,makethatclear.”可知，如果你帮不上忙，就说出来。如果有人约你而你不想去，就说清楚。由此可知，不要给人错觉，让别人觉得你可以满足他们的要求。分析选项可知G项与本段意义一致。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在拒绝别人的时候，可以留有余地，表达清楚你能做什么，愿意做什么。分析选项可知，A项Findawaytocompromise（找到一个折中的 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 ）与之意义一致。故选A。【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全