2022届高三英语全国统考复习讲义-模块一-第2讲-形容词、副词和比较等级-含解析

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解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。第2讲　形容词、副词和比较等级Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.2.(2019·天津高考)Noonewantstoliveanextremely(extreme)longlifewithalotofchronicdiseases.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.4.(2019·北京高考)It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningful(meaning)collegeexperience.5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Ⅰ.语法填空五谨记1.看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。Ⅱ.短文改错1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(hardly改为hard)2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.(simply改为simple)3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Seeyousooner.(sooner改为soon)4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.(Immediate改为Immediately)5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Asickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.(去掉more)Ⅱ.短文改错六定法1.牢记易混词的词义:如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等;2.掌握易混词的词性,主要考查形容词、副词、名词的词性混淆;3.根据句意作出正确判断;4.看比较范围,判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较,则用比较级;如果是三者或三者以上的比较,则用最高级;5.看比较级前是否误加了more;6.看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确。形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。※Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定语)※IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表语)※Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主语补足语)※Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作宾语补足语)※Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作状语)【点津】(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。※Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作状语)※Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表语)※Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作状语)【点津】(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:表递进besides,further,then,moreover等表结果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表转折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表对比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列举first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表时间meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:转换方法例词一般情况,在形容词词尾直接加-lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以-le结尾,去e直接加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytrue—truly以ll结尾的词只加yfull—fully以ic结尾的词加allyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。※Itbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容词)※Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副词)【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【点津】①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式common—commoner/morecommon—commonest/mostcommon②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法①两者相比,表示“和……一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。※Heworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.【点津】在同级比较中,若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。※Johnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②两者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原级+as”。※Itisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③两者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比较级+than”。※Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoutcome.※Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(优于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年长于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,较重要于)。④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。※Hersonsarethemostimportantthinginherlife.(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。※Learningbecomesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。※Theharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。※Shelooksmoreasleepthanclever.④“morethan+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。※ThebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级※Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型a....倍数+as+原级+as...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍数+比较级+than...※Thenewbuildingistwicehigherthantheoldone.c....倍数+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.※Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比较级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。※Thethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。※Iwouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.常用的分词形容词和副词　　-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。※Thewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.※Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.【点津】原则上,-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为look(表情),air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。※Rogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.※Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.【小题快练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2020·浙江高考)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.②(2019·浙江高考)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.③(2018·浙江高考)Eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.④(2019·江苏高考)Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegently(gentle)placedhisfingersonthekeys.⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).⑥(2018·浙江高考)Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.⑦Obviously(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.⑧Themoresupportyouwinfromothers,thefaster(fast)youwillmovetowardyourgoal.⑨Iwasscanningtherestaurant,waitingtositatthefirsttablethatwasmoreconvenient(convenient)thanothers.Ⅱ.单句改错①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(amazing改为amazed)②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.(surely改为sure)③Overthepastfewdecades,wehavedevelopedanamazingnetworkofpublictransportation.Beside,wehavedecidedtomakeeffortstomakeitmuchbetter.(Beside改为Besides)④Likemostgrown-ups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefullymusicremindsherofherbeautifullifewhenshewasyoung.(peacefully改为peaceful)⑤ButIthinkwe’dbetterhavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongerintheclassroom,andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettired.(longer改为long)⑥Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(taste改为tasty)⑦Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.(calmly改为calm)⑧Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”(terrible改为terribly)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Althoughnoteveryoneagreeswiththeexam-orientedmethodthisschooluses,itstilloffersgaokaocandidatesrelatively(relative)fairaccesstohighereducation.2.AyoungmaninWuhan,HubeiProvincehasbecomethelatestInternetsensationafteravideoshowinghisheart-warmingactonasubwaytrainwentviralonsocialmediarecently(recent).3.Withcountless(count)treasuresbroughtbackfromtheEast,hebecameawealthymanovernight.4.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb,“Better(well)latethannever.”5.Theeastsideoftheirstemsgrowsfasterduringtheday,causingthestemstogradually(gradual)bendfromeasttowest.6.Hemadeafrightened(frighten)noisealittlelikethemiaowofacat.7.Shelookedveryexcited(excite)tohearthatshewonthefirstprizeinthebeautycontest.Ⅱ.语法填空　　Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.　　IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake1.__________(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother2.__________thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,3.__________theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot4.__________universalrule.　　DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,5.__________(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends6.__________(hug)eachother—somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme7.__________(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing8.__________(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.　　Wouldn’titbe9.__________(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis10.__________(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.1.【解析】isconsidered。考查时态和语态。句中主语afirmhandshake和动词consider是被动关系,此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实,与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填isconsidered。2.【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,在脸上用介词on,故填on。3.【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导,故填where。4.【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式,此处表示一种普遍的规则,universal发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作结果状语,故填leaving。6.【解析】tohug。考查动词不定式。句中Whatiscommonhere是主语从句,此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填tohug。7.【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词,故填frightened。8.【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词,此处表示泛指用复数形式,故填strangers。9.【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语,故填enjoyable。10.【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词,指广泛接受的,故填widely。Ⅲ.短文改错　　Inmychildhood,myparentssentmetolearnChinesecalligraphy.However,thingsarequiteoppositetotheirexpectations.NotonlyIgetboredwithhoursofpracticebutalsoIdoubtedaboutthevaluableofit.Nevertheless,whenIenteredhighschool,writecalligraphyprovedbothessentialorbeneficial.ItwasatthattimethatwhenIrealizedhowimportantitistomasteracertainskill.Judgingfrommyownexperience,IwanttosayafewwordtothosechildrenwhohaveasametroubleasIdid.Donotrefusetolearnaskillwhenyoung,asatthelongrunyouwillfindthemhelpful.答案:1.【解析】第二句的are→were。考查动词的时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时,故将are改为were。2.【解析】第三句在I前加did。考查倒装句。在notonly...butalso...结构中,若notonly置于句首,含notonly的分句用部分倒装;根据上下文的时态可知,在主语I前加助动词did构成倒装。3.【解析】第三句的valuable→value。考査名词。此处表示“书法练习的价值”,应将形容词valuable改为其名词形式value。4.【解析】第四句的write→writing。考查非谓语动词。短语writingcalligraphy作主语。5.【解析】第四句的or→and。考查并列连词。both...and...是习惯搭配。6.【解析】第五句的when删掉。考查强调句。此句在对时间状语atthattime进行强调,根据强调句的结构“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”可知。7.【解析】第六句的word→words。考查名词。word表示“言语,话”时是可数名词,afew提示word应使用复数形式。8.【解析】第六句的a→the。考査冠词。形容词same前习惯搭配定冠词the。9.【解析】第七句的at→in。考査介词短语。inthelongrun是固定短语,意为“从长远来看”。10.【解析】第七句的them→it。考査代词。此处代词指代上文中的askill,故将them改为it。Ⅳ.写作运用　　根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。DearDavid,I’velearneditfromtheInternetthatyouwanttomakeaChinesefriendsoastolearntheChineselanguageandculture.1.I’mgladthatyoushowsuchgreatinterestinChina(我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)andIwouldliketobeyourfriend.2.IwilltrymybesttowritetoyouasoftenaspossibletointroduceyoutheChineseculture.(我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化).WhenyouhaveanopportunitytocometoChina,I’llteachyouhowtospeakChineseand3.showyouaroundsomefamoushistoricalplacesofinterest.(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜)4.Anyway,IamgoingtohelpyouasmuchasIcan.(无论如何,我将尽可能多地帮助你)Howdoyouthink? I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua关闭Word文档返回原板块