英语翻译理论与实践

第二讲原句：Iseizedthelargestbrushandfelluponmywretchedvictimwithwildfury.译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。原文：Thereisadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandlungcancer.Butthisdoesn’tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouareingoodcompany.译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。原文：Derekfancieshimselfasaladies'man,buthespendstoomuchtimeadmiringhimselfinthemirrorformyliking.译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。Heisthelastmantocome.Heisthelastmantodoit.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.原文：Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。Literaltranslationtakessentencesasitsbasicunitsandthewholetextintoconsiderationatthesametimeinthecourseoftranslation.Itstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheentireliteraryworkandretainasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeech.死译：one-to-onetranslation:eachSLwordhasacorrespondingTLword.硬译：word-for-wordtranslation:TransfersSLgrammarandwordorder,aswellastheprimarymeaningsofalltheSLwords,intotranslation.Itisnormallyeffectiveonlyforbriefsimpleneutralsentences.Literaltranslationgoesbeyondone-to-onetranslation,rangesfromonewordtooneword,throughgrouptogroup,collocationtocollocation,clausetoclause,tosentencetosentence.Literaltranslationisthebasictranslationprocedurebothincommunicativeandsemantictranslation,inthattranslationstartsfromthere.---byNewmarkLiberalTranslationmainlyconveysthemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternorfiguresofspeech.原文：我们的朋友遍天下。错译：Ourfriendsareallovertheworld.译文:Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.单词月亮直译：themoon意译：celestialbody,heavenlybody,planet,orbofnight,moongoddess,Diana,Luna,Phoebe,Cynthia,queenofheaven,queenofnight(Shakespeare)太阳直译：thesun意译：starofday,day-star,solardisk,solarorb,orb,sphere,fireball,greatluminary,heaven’sbrightlight,oldsol,Helios,Apollo,Hyperion,Mithras,Shamash瘦直译：thin,lanky,lean意译：slim,skinny,scraggy,lank,spare,bony,starved-looking,asthinasareed,asthinassixo’clock,under-weight,under-grown胖直译：fat意译：portly,stout,obese,corpulent,fleshy,potbellied,beer-bellied,solid,plump,rotund,tubby,podgy,paunchy,ontheheavy原句：tokilltwobirdswithonestone直译:一石二鸟意译：一箭双雕；一举两得原句：toteachapigtoplayonaflute直译：教猪吹笛意译：对牛弹琴；做荒谬的事；做不可能做到的事原句：adropinthebucket直译：一桶水中的一滴意译：沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道；不足挂齿；不起眼；渺小原句：过街老鼠直译：(like)aratcrossingthestreet意译：theobjectofuniversalcondemnation;abadmanhatedbyeverybody原句：门庭若市直译：Thecourtyardislikeamarket.意译：amuchvisitedhouse;abusytown;bustling;crowded原句：树倒猢狲散直译：Whenthetreefalls,themonkeysscatter.意译：Membersrunalwayswhenthefamilyfalls./Whenaninfluentialpersonfallsfrompower,hishangers-ondisperse./Ratsleaveasinkingship.原文：HitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhelaunchedtheSecondWorldWar,butinafewyears,hewascompletelydefeated.译文：希特勒发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的，可是不过几年，就被彻底击败了。原文：Oftenattheendofahardday’sworkonerealizeswithdismaythatthemeagerstackoffinishedworkonehasaccomplishedhasanimmeasurablyslightimpactontheworkasawhole.译文1：往往一天辛苦工作结束时，一个人会灰心地意识到他所完成的少量的一堆工作对整个工作产生无限小的影响。（直译）译文2：往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不令人沮丧。（意译）第四讲静夜思床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。（学生译作）：HomesicknessintheSilentNightThebrightmoonlightsprinklesonthebed,Asifthefrostlaysontheground.Raisemyheadandstareatthemoon,Thehomesicknessattacksmesuddenly.（学生译作）PonderinginSilentNightLuminousmoonlightshinesuponthebedstand,Isn’titthewhitefrostpavingonthebareground?Head,raisedtogazethemoonintodistance,Bowstolongforthenativeplace.QuietNightThought（死译）BedsidebrightmoonlightIssuspectedtobefrostonthefloor.Raisingheadtowatchthebrightmoon,Loweringheadtothinkofthehometown.IntheStilloftheNight（直译）Idescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItiltbackmyhead.Iyearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.（徐忠杰译）Nostalgia（意译）Asplashofwhiteonmybedroomfloor.Hoarfrost?Iraisemyeyestothemoon,thesamemoon.Assceneslongpastcometomind,myeyesfallagainofthesplashofwhite,andmyheartachesforhome.（翁显良译）ATranquilNightAbed,Iseeasilverlight,Iwonderifit’sfrostaground.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;Bowing,inhomesicknessI’mdrowned.（许渊冲译）IntheQuietNightSobrightagleamonthefootofmybed---Couldtherehavebeenafrostalready?Liftingmyheadtolook,Ifoundthatitwasmoonlight.Sinkingbackagain,Ithoughtsuddenlyofhome.(Tr.WitterBynner)词语层次引申译法原文：Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.ThoughtsinaTranquilNightAthwartthebedIwatchthemoonbeamscastatrailSobright,socold,sofrail,ThatforaspaceitgleamsLikehoar-frostonthemarginofmydreams.Iraisemyhead,---ThesplendidmoonIsee:Thendroopmyhead,Andsinktodreamsofthee---Myfatherland,ofthee!(Tr.L.Cranmer-Byng)原文：MBAwashisentréetothenewadministration.原文：他的话让我出了一身冷汗。译文：Iwasextremelyterrifiedbyhiswords.原文：他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟然会出现这么多的拦路虎。译文：Hehadneverexpectedthatsomanyobstacleswouldstandinhisway.褒贬译法原文：Hewasamanofhighrenown.原文：Manypeoplethinkthatheisoneofthemostambitiouspoliticiansofourtimes.原文：Asademandingboss,heexpectedtotalloyaltyanddedicationsfromhisemployees.原句1:Asluckwouldhaveit,noonewasinthebuildingwhentheexplosionoccurred.原句2:Asluckwouldhaveit,therewasrainonthedayofthepicnic.原句1：她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。原句2：黄金荣是旧上海有名的大流氓。译文1：Herfatherisafamoussurgeon.译文2：HuangJinrongwasanotoriousrogueinShanghaiintheoldtimes.转性译法原文：Televisionworksinmuchthesamewayasradio.译文：电视机的工作原理与无线电广播几乎完全相同。（动词译成名词）原文：Therailwayticketisvalidfortwodays.译文：火车票有效期为两天。（形容词译成名词）原文：Heisphysicallyweak,butmentallysound.译文：他身体虽弱，但思维活跃。（副词译成名词）原文：Ihavenoprivateinterestintheacceptanceofmyinventionsbytheworld.译文：我的发明为世界所采用，我未从中获得任何私利。（名词译成动词）原文：Shanghai,whichmeans“abovethesea”,isontheHuangpuRiver.译文：上海的意思是“在海上”，它座落在黄浦江畔。（介词译成动词）原文：IamcertainIsawhim.译文：我肯定是见过他了。（形容词译成动词）原文：Lastmonththetreatywassignedbybothsidesandthewarwasover.译文：上个月双方签订了条约，战争因此结束了。（副词译成动词）原文：那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。译文：Thatfellowisverytalkative.（动词转为形容词）原文：他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。译文：Hehaslongbeenusedtolast-minutedecisions.(动词转为名词)原文：11点时，他已睡在被窝里。译文：Hewasbetweensheetsbyeleven.(动词转为介词)原文：她非常漂亮。译文：Sheisarealbeauty.(形容词转为名词)KeytoEx1.Tolearnisnotaneasymatterandtoapplywhatonehaslearnedisevenharder.学习不容易，应用更不容易。2.Theproblemofalternativefuelsofvehicleisoneproblemweshallapproach.车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。3.ThiscontractisexecutedinChinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.本 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同可译成其他文字。4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.历史使人明智；诗歌使人灵秀；数学使人周密；科学使人深刻；伦理使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。5.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。Afterherfriendsheardaboutherfamilydifficulties,theyofferedherahelpinghand.6.实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。Thepracticehasprovedthatourcoordinationofeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionifeffective.7.天快黑了，我们最好还是早点回家。Asitisgettingdark,we’dbettergohomeearlier.8.多年来，该国一直存在严重的失业现象。Formanyyears,therehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.第五讲2013春季中级口译英译汉Ifyou’veeverbeenonajury,youmighthavenoticedthatafunnythinghappenstheminuteyougetbehindcloseddoors.Everybodystartstalkingaboutthemselves.Theysaywhattheywouldhavedoneiftheyhadbeentheplaintifforthedefendant.BeingonajuryremindsmewhyIcan’ttoleratetalkradio.WeAmericansseemtohavelosttheabilitytotalkaboutanythingbutourownexperiences.Wecan’tseemtogeneralizewithoutstereotypingortoconsiderevidencethatgoesagainstourownexperience.IheardadoctoronaradioshowtalkingaboutastudythatfoundthatexercisereducestheincidenceofAlzheimer’s.Andcalleraftercallercouldn’twaittomakeessentiallytheoppositepoint:“Well,mygrandmotherneverexercisedandshelivedto95.”Weareinanagesummedupbythesaying:“Iexperience,thereforeI’mright.”Historically,thehallmarksofanuneducatedpersonwerethelackofabilitytothinkcritically,tousedeductivereasoningtodistinguishthepersonalfromtheuniversal.NowthatseemsanaptdescriptionofmanyAmericans.如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老年痴呆症）的发病率。而此时听众的电话一个接着一个，纷纷迫不及待地表达反对意见：“嗯，我祖母从不锻炼，但她活到了95岁。”我们身处的时代可以用一句话来总结：“我经历过，所以我是对的。”历史上，无知之人的典型特征就是缺乏进行批判性思维、演绎推理和分辨个例与常态的能力。如今，用这句话描述许多美国人似乎恰如其分。第六讲原文：Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennis,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.译文：晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。（增加动词）原文：Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.译文：先借钱，后讨饭。（增加名词）原文：Heisacomplicatedman------moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.译文：他是个性格复杂的人------喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。（形容词前增加名词）原文：他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。译文：Helikestopointoutotherpeople’sshortcomings,buthemeanswell.(增加主语)原文：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。译文：Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.（增加连词）原文：我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。译文：Weshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry.原文：你白天还是晚上飞香港？译文：DoyouflytoHongkonginthedaytimeoratnight?省词译法原文：Hewasthinandhaggardandhelookedmiserable.原文：Weliveandlearn.原文：Themorehetriedtohidehiswarts,themoreherevealedthem.原文：Helookedgloomyandtroubled.原文：Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?原文：我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。译文：Weshouldbeloyaltoourparty,toourpeopleandtoourmotherland.原文：这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。译文：Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.原文：我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。译文：Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.练习1.Tolearnisnotaneasymatterandtoapplywhatonehaslearnedisevenharder.2.Theproblemofalternativefuelsofvehicleisoneproblemweshallapproach.3.ThiscontractisexecutedinChinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.5.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。6.实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。7.天快黑了，我们最好还是早点回家。8.多年来，该国一直存在严重的失业现象。KeytoEx1.Tolearnisnotaneasymatterandtoapplywhatonehaslearnedisevenharder.学习不容易，应用更不容易。2.Theproblemofalternativefuelsofvehicleisoneproblemweshallapproach.车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。3.ThiscontractisexecutedinChinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同可译成其他文字。4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.历史使人明智；诗歌使人灵秀；数学使人周密；科学使人深刻；伦理使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。