计算机组成与系统结构答案-袁春风

???????5???????????P1?P2???M1?M2??????M1?M2??????5000??8000???????P1?P2?M1?M2??????????????M1M2????????(ms)????????(ms)P1200×10610000150×1065000P2300×1033420×1036?????????1???P1????????????????P2???2??M1???P1?P2????????MIPS??M2??????????????????????P2???????????????3???M1?M2???????800MHz?1.2GHz???M1?M2???P1?????????CPI??????4???????????????P1????????????????????????????????????????????M1??M2??????????????????5????????????????????????P1?P2???????????????????????M1??M2???????????1???P1?M2?M1??????P2?M1?M2?????2???M1?P1?????200M/10=20MIPS?P2?300k/0.003=100MIPS???M2?P1?????150M/5=30MIPS?P2?420k/0.006=70MIPS???????????P2???100/70=1.43????M1?M2?0.43???3??M1???P1?????????CPI??10×800M/(200×106)=40??M2???P1?????????CPI??5×1.2G/(150×106)=40??4?????P1?M1?M2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????R??R=1/(????×??)R?????????????“????×??”??????????????10×5000>5×8000????M2?????????M2??5?P1?P2?????????????????????????????????????????????(10+0.003)/2×5000>(5+0.006)/2×8000???M2?????????M2??????????????sqrt(10×0.003)×5000<sqrt(5×0.006)×8000???M1?????????M1?6????M1?M2?????????????????1GHz?1.5GHz????????????????A~E???????M1?M2?????????????CPI???ABCDEM112234M222456?????????1?M1?M2???MIPS??????2??????P??????????????????????????P?M1?M2?????????????????M1?M2?????P?????????CPI???????????1?M1?????????A????????????MIPS?1000MIPS?M2???????A?B????????????MIPS?1500/2=750MIPS??2?5???????????????????20%??M1?M2?????P?????????CPI????M1?20%×(1+2+2+3+4)=0.2×12=2.4M2?20%×(2+2+4+5+6)=0.2×19=3.8????P??????N???M1?M2??????????M1?2.4×N×1/1G=2.4N(ns)M2?3.8×N×1/1.5G=2.53N(ns)M1??P?????????????0.13ns???M1?M2?0.13/2.53×100%?5%??????????P?M1????M2??(3.8–2.4)/3.8×100%=36.8%?????????????????????????7??????????????????????M1?M2???M1??????0.8ns???M2??????1.2ns?????P???M1?????CPI?4??M2??CPI?2?????P????????????????????????????P??????N???M1?M2??????????M1?4N×0.8=3.2N(ns)M2?2N×1.2=2.4N(ns)???M2??P?????????????0.8ns??M1?0.8/3.2×100%=25%?8??????M??????4GHz?????P?M???????8×109??CPI?1.25??P?M??????????????M????P???????????????4???P???CPU?????????????????P?M????????1.25×8×109×1/4G=2.5s????P??????????????4????2.5??P?CPU?????????????????????????????????P???CPU????????2.5/4=62.5%?9?????????????????????????????S1?S2???????500MHz???M???????????????????A?B?C?D????????M??CPI??????????????????????ABCD????CPI1234S1?????5221S2?????1115???S1?S2????????CPI????????????????????????????????S1?10????CPI?(5×1+2×2+2×3+1×4)/10=1.9,?????????10×1.9=19??????19/500M=38ns?S2?8????CPI?(1×1+1×2+1×3+5×4)/8=3.25,?????????8×3.25=26??????26/500M=52ns???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?????M??????1.2GHz????P???M???????12????P??????????4??????????2?????????????P’????M??????CPI?5??????CPI?2?P??????P’?????1.2???P??????????????????????????????P’??????10?????P?P’???2?????????????????????????1.2G×2/(5–2)=800M????????3????????????1?(25.8125)10=(?)2=(?)8=(?)16?2?(101101.011)2=(?)10=(?)8=(?)16=(?)8421?3?(010110010110.0011)8421=(?)10=(?)2=(?)16?4?(4E.C)16=(?)10=(?)2??????1?(25.8125)10=(11001.1101)2=(31.64)8=(19.D)16?2?(101101.011)2=(45.375)10=(55.3)8=(2D.6)16=(01000101.001101110101)8421?3?(010110010110.0011)8421=(596.3)10=(1001010100.01001100110011…)2=(254.4CCC…)16?4?(4E.C)16=(78.75)10=(01001110.11)24???????8??1????7???????????????????????+0.1001?–0.1001?+1.0?–1.0?+0.010100?–0.010100?+0?–0?????????+0.1001?0.10010000.1001000–0.1001?1.10010001.0111000+1.0?????–1.0???1.0000000+0.010100?0.01010000.0101000–0.010100?1.01010001.1011000+0?0.00000000.0000000–0?1.00000000.00000005???????8??1????7???????????????????????+1001?–1001?+1?–1?+10100?–10100?+0?–0?????????+1001?1000100100001001–1001?0111011111110111+1?1000000100000001–1?01111111111111111+10100?1001010000010100–10100?0110110011101100+0?1000000000000000–0?10000000000000006???[x]???x?1?[x]?=1.1100111?2?[x]?=10000000?3?[x]?=0.1010010?4?[x]?=11010011??????1?[x]?=1.1100111x=–0.0011001B???[x]?=10000000x=–10000000B=–128???[x]?=0.1010010x=+0.101001B???[x]?=11010011x=–101101B=–457?????32??????????????????????IEEE754????????R1?R2??????R1?0000108BH?R2?8080108BH???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????R1?R2?????R1?R2??????????????1??????????2???????????3????????????????R1=0000108BH=00000000000000000001000010001011bR2=8080108BH=10000000100000000001000010001011b?1????????????R1?R2??????????????????????R1?108BH,R2?8080108BH??2?????????????R1?R2???????????????????????R1????R2????R1????+108BH,R2????–(01111111011111111110111101110100b+1b)=–7F7FEF75H??3??????????????R1?R2??????IEEE754??????????IEEE754??????????????32??????1?????8????23?????R1????????????0???????????00000000??????00000000001000010001011???????????????–126?????????1???????????+0.002116H??R1??????+0.002116H×10-126??R2????????????1???????????00000001??????00000000001000010001011??????????????1–127=–126????????1???????????–1.002116H??R2??????–1.002116H×10-1268?????M????32????????????????????????M????C????????????????????????????????????????????????0==0U–1<0–1<0U2147483647>–2147483647–12147483647U>–2147483647–12147483647>(int)2147483648U–1>–2(unsigned)–1>–2????????????????????????????????????????1101011100…0B=00…0B11…1B(–1)<00…0B(0)11…1B(232–1)>00…0B(0)011…1B(231–1)>100…0B(–231)011…1B(231–1)<100…0B(231)011…1B(231–1)>100…0B(–231)11…1B(–1)>11…10B(–2)11…1B(232–1)>11…10B(232–2)9??????C?????????????a???????????len?0????????0???????????????????????????????????????????????1floatsum_elements(floata[],unsignedlen)2{3inti;4floatresult=0;56for(i=0;i<=len–1;i++)7result+=a[i];8returnresult;9}???????len????unsigned?????len=0????len-1????11…1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????len???int????????????i<len?10.????????????????????16??????????????4??1???????????????+1.7?–0.12?+19?–1/8??2?????????????????12????????????????????????0?1????????1?+1.7=+1.1011001B=0.011011B×41,????1+16=17=10001B,???+0.011011?????0.011011???+1.7???010001011011?–0.12=–0.000111101B=–0.011111B×4–1,????–1+16=15=01111B,???–0.011111?????1.100001,??–0.12???101111100001?+19=+10011B=0.010011B×43?????3+16=19=10011B,???0.010011???+19???010011010011???????5???6???1?–1/8=–0.125=–0.001B=–0.100000×4–1????–1+16=15=01111B????–0.100000?????1.100000???–1/8???101111100000??2?????????????????????0.111111B×411111???0.333×415??230?109???????0.000001B×400000???0.001×4–16??2–34?10–10???????–0.000001B×400000???–0.001×4–16??????–1.000000B×411111???–1.000×415??????????????10–10?109???12??????????????–211?+(211–1)???–2048?2047???????????????????????11.????????????????????1?16???????2?16????????3?16????????4?16????????5?????????????2?????????128???????1???????0?216–1??2????????–(1–2–15)?+(1–2–15)??3????????–1?+(1–2–15)??4????????–32768?+32767??5????????–(1–2–7)×2+127?–2–7×2–128????+2–135?(1–2–7)×2+127?12.?IEEE754?????????????????+1.75?+19?–1/8?258?????+1.75=+1.11B=1.11B×20,????0+127=01111111B,???0????1.110…0????????????+1.7???00111111111000000000000000000000?????????3FE00000H?+19=+10011B=+1.0011B×24?????4+127=10000011B,???0????1.00110…0???+19???01000001100110000000000000000000?????????41980000H?–1/8=–0.125=–0.001B=–1.0×2–3????–3+127=01111100B????1????1.0…0???–1/8???10111110000000000000000000000000?????????BE000000H?258=100000010B=1.0000001B×28,????8+127=10000111B,???0????1.0000001???258???01000011100000010000000000000000?????????43810000H???????1?8???7???13?????????4098??????32??????IEEE754?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4098=+1000000000010B=+1.00000000001×21232?2-??????00000000000000000001000000000010?00001002H?IEEE754???????01000101100000000001000000000000?45801000H?????????????????????????????????14?????????–2147483647??????32??????IEEE754?????????????????????????????????????????????????????–2147483647=–1111111111111111111111111111111B=–1.111111111111111111111111111111×23032?2-??????10000000000000000000000000000001?80000001H?IEEE754???????11001110111111111111111111111111?CEFFFFFFH?32?2-?????????????????????????????15????????IEEE754??????????????????????????????????????????????????????a?????1?10?????????????????????2????????10????????2????????10???????01??????????????????????????+?NaN00000000011111111111111000000001000000000000000011111111111111110?.000?.001?110?.001?110?010?.00??001(2–2–23)×21271.0×2–126(1–2–23)×2–1262–23×2–126=2–149––01a×1038a×10–38a×10–38a×10–44––01(2–2–52)×210231.0×2–1022(1–2–52)×2–10222–52×2–1022––01a×10308a×10–308a×10–308a×10–?––16??????????A=1000001?a=1100001?0=0110000??E?e?f?7?G?Z?5?7?ACSII??????????????8?????????E?ASCII??‘A’+(‘E’–‘A’)=1000001+100=1000101,????P=0?????????????8????01000101?e?ASCII???a?+(‘e’–‘a’)=1100001+100=1100101?????P=1,????????????8????11100101?f?ASCII???a?+(‘f’–‘a’)=1100001+101=1100110,????P=1,????????????8????11100110?7?ASCII???0?+(7-0)=0110000+111=0110111,????P=0,????????????8????00110111?G?ASCII???A?+(‘G’–‘A’)=1000001+0110=1000111,????P=1,????????????8????11000111?Z?ASCII???A?+(‘Z’–‘A’)=1000001+11001=1011010,????P=1,????????????8????11011010?5?ASCII???0?+(5–0)=0110000+101=0110101?????P=1,????????????8????10110101?17??????????????x?y?i????x?y?float?????IEEE754??????????i?16?short?????????????????????x=–0.125?y=7.5?i=100????????????????????????100?108?112???????????????????x?y?i??????????????–0.125=–0.001B=–1.0×2-3x???????????10111110000…0(BE000000H)7.5=+111.1B=+1.111×22y???????????01000000111100…0(40F00000H)100=64+32+4=1100100Bi?????????????0000000001100100?0064H?????????????100BEH00H10100H00H10200H00H10300HBEH10840H00H109F0H00H11000HF0H11100H40H11200H64H11364H00H18?????????????????8????????????32???????????8F3CAB96H?????4???????????????????????????873CAB96H?0101B?????????????????????????????8F3CAB96H???10001111001111001010101110010110??8?????????????????????4?????????0?1?0?1??????????873CAB96H?????10000111001111001010101110010110???????????0?1?0?1???????????????????????????4????????1?1?0?1???4???????????4???????????1?0?0?0?????????????????????????????????????8FH???87H??????????????????19???16????SEC???????0101000101000110???SEC??????????5???????????16??????????????M16M15M14M13M12P5M11M10M9M8M7M6M5P4M4M3M2P3M1P2P1??Mi???????Pi???????????????????????P1=M1?M2?M3?M4?M5?M7?M9?M11?M12?M14?M16=1P2=M1?M3?M4?M6?M7?M10?M11?M13?M14=1P3=M2?M3?M4?M8?M9?M10?M11?M15?M16=0P4=M5?M6?M7?M8?M9?M10?M11=0P5=M12?M13?M14?M15?M16=0????P5P4P3P2P1=00011????????????????0101000101010110?P5’P4’P3’P2’P1’=01010????=00011?01010=01001??????9?????M5???20?????????????100011????????????G(x)=x3+1????????????????????????100010???????????????????????????????100011??????????M(x)=x5+x+1,?????????4??????????????3?0???M’(x)=x3M(x)=x8+x4+x3,?M(x)??2?G(x)???????111?????CRC??100011111??????????CRC???2??????1001????????0???????????????????????????CRC??100010111????100010????111??????100010111?2?1001??????001???0??????????????????2?4?????????????????????????????????????????P???????????M???????????????P?????M????????????????3?????C???????intfunc1(unsignedword){return(int)((word<<24)>>24);}intfunc2(unsignedword){return((int)word<<24)>>24;}?????32???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????func1?func2????Wfunc1(w)func2(w)????????????0000007FH1270000007FH+1270000007FH+12700000080H12800000080H+128FFFFFF80H–128000000FFH255000000FFH+255FFFFFFFFH–100000100H25600000000H000000000H0??func1??????????24??????24??????24??????????????????func2???????????24??????25????????24??????????24????????25???4?????????????????????????????????????????xyx×y?????x×y?????????????????????????11060102001100121004?????110–2010+2111100–4100–4????0011111700011171117?????001+1111–1111111–1111–1????11171117110001490011?????111–1111–1000001+1001+15??????C???????arith()????C??????optarith()??arith()????????M?N??????????????????optarith()???????arith()?M?N???????#defineM#defineNintarith(intx,inty){intresult=0;result=x*M+y/N;returnresult;}intoptarith(intx,inty){intt=x;x<<=4;x-=t;if(y<0)y+=3;y>>2;returnx+y;?????????x*M??intt=x;x<<=4;x-=t;?????????????x?15??????4??????16?????1?????M??15?y/N??if(y<0)y+=3;y>>2;???????????????y??2?????????y??4??????N?4??????if(y<0)y+=3;??????y=–1????????????–1>>2=–1?–1/4=0?????????–1+3=2?2>>2=0????????????if(y<0)y+=3;??if(y<0)y+=2;??????y=-4?????6??A4∼∼A1?B4∼∼B1??????????????C0?????????????????????????????????C4∼∼C1?????????????????C1=X1C0+Y1C0+X1Y1C2=X2C1+Y2C1+X2Y2C3=X3C2+Y3C2+X3Y3C4=X4C3+Y4C3+X4Y4?????C1=X1Y1+(X1+Y1)C0C2=X2Y2+(X2+Y2)X1Y1+(X2+Y2)(X1+Y1)C0C3=X3Y3+(X3+Y3)X2Y2+(X3+Y3)(X2+Y2)X1Y1+(X3+Y3)(X2+Y2)(X1+Y1)C0C4=X4Y4+(X4+Y4)X3Y3+(X4+Y4)(X3+Y3)X2Y2+(X4+Y4)(X3+Y3)(X2+Y2)X1Y1+(X4+Y4)(X3+Y3)(X2+Y2)(X1+Y1)C07??SN74181?SN74182??????16????????/???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3.15??3.16??????????????????3.15??B???????Bi?????Bi????Bi???????????????C0??????????C0?1???????????Bi??SN74181?B????????C0?1?????????ZF?????CF?????OF?????SF???????????????????ZF=F15+F14+F13+F12+F11+F10+F9+F8+F7+F6+F5+F4+F3+F2+F1+F0CF=C16OF=C0?A15B15F15+A15B15F15?+C0?A15B15F15+A15B15F15?SF=F158??SN74181?SN74182??????32??ALU???????????????1??????SN74181?SN74182?????2???32?ALU???????????????????3.15?????16?ALU????????????16?ALU?????C16???16?ALU?????C0???????8?SN74181?2?SN74182?9???x=10?y=–6???6???????????????????????????1??[x+y]??[x–y]???2??????????[x×y]???3??MBA??4???????[x×y]???4??????????[x/y]????????5??????????[x/y]????????????[10]?=001010[–6]?=111010[6]?=000110[10]?=001010[–6]?=100110?1?[10+(–6)]?=[10]?+[–6]?=001010+111010=000100(+4)[10–(–6)]?=[10]?+[–(–6)]?=001010+000110=010000(+16)?2????????????001010×000110?????????????????0??????CPY??000000110P0=0+0000y4=0?+000000C,P?Y??????000000011?P1+1010y3=1?+X01010C,P?Y??????001010001?P2+1010y2=1?+X011110000C,P?Y??????001111000?P3+0000y1=0?+000111C,P?Y??????000111100?P4???6????????????????000000111100?????0⊕⊕1=1????[X×Y]?=100000111100?X×Y=–111100B=–60?3?[–10]?=110110??????????PYy-1??0000001110100?y-1=0?[P0]?=0y0y-1=00?P?Y??????0000000111010?[P1]?+110110y1y0=10?+[–X]?110110P?Y??????1110110011101?[P2]?+001010y2y1=01?+[X]?000101P?Y??????0000101001110?[P3]?+1101101001110y3y2=10?+[–X]?111000P?Y??????1111000100111?[P4]?+0000000100111y4y3=11?+0111100P?Y??????1111100010011?[P5]?+0000000010011y5y4=11?+0111110P?Y??????1111110001001?[P6]????[X×Y]?=111111000100??X×Y=–111100B=–60?4????????2n???n?????[6]?=0110?[10]?=00001010?[–6]?=1010???????0⊕⊕1=1??????????0???????????R??/????Q??00001010??R0=X+1010R1=X–Y101010100R1<0??q4=0?????010101002R1?R?Q???????????+0110R2=2R1+Y101101000R2<0??q3=0011010002R2?R?Q???????????+0110R3=2R2+Y110010000R3<0??q2=0100100002R3?R?Q???????????+0110R3=2R2+Y111100000R4<0??q1=0111000002R4?R?Q???????????+0110R5=2R4+Y010000001R5>0??q0=1????????00001????[X/Y]?=00001(???????)????0100??5??10?–6???????????[10]?=01010,[–6]?=11010????????????????????[10]?=0000001010?[6]?=00110?????R??/????Q??0000001010??R0=[X]+11010R1=[X]+[Y]1101001010R1?[Y]????q5=110100101012R1?R?Q???????????1?+00110R2=2R1+[–Y]1101010101R2?[Y]????q4=1?10101010112R2?R?Q???????????1?+00110R3=2R2+[-Y]1101101011R3?[Y]????q3=110110101112R3?R?Q???????????1?+00110R4=2R3+[–Y]1110010111R4?[Y]????q2=111001011112R4?R?Q???????????0?+00110R5=2R4+[-Y]1111101111R5?[Y]????q1=1?11110111112R5?R?Q???????????1?+00110R6=2R5+[–Y]0010011110R6?[Y]????q0=0?Q?????????1+00000+1????????1????????0010011111???[X/Y]?=11111????00100???X/Y=–0001B=–1????0100B=4??????????×?+??=???????????(–6)×(–1)+4=10?10????????1ns???????0.5ns???????????????????CRA????????CSA?????????????8???????????????????????????8????8??????12ns??????4????4??????6ns???CRA???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????8+2×(8–1)=22????????22ns???CSA???????????????????????????????????????O?N?????????????8ns?11??IEEE754??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(1)??????1x?xx……x?????????????????????????1???????????Mb←←Mb×2-1?Eb←←Eb+1???????????a)??????????1??????????????????????????????b)???1????????1?(2)??????0.00……01x……x????????????????????????????1???????“1”??????????k?????????????1????0???????????????Mb←←Mb×2k?Eb←←Eb–k???????????a)???????????k?0??????????????????k???????????????????????????????????????????k?????????1?????1??????b)??Eb←←Eb–k?????????1????k??12??IEEE754???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???????????????????/???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13?????????????4?????????8????6???????????????????????????????????2???????????????????????????????????????????1?(15/16)×27+(2/16)×25?2?(15/16)×27–(2/16)×25?3?(15/16)×25+(2/16)×27?4?(15/16)×25–(2/16)×27??????????????X=(15/16)×27=0.111100B×27=(1.111000)2×26Y1=(2/16)×25=0.001000B×25=(1.000000)2×22Y2=(–2/16)×25=–0.001000B×25=(–1.000000)2×22K=(15/16)×25=0.111100B×25=(1.111000)2×24J1=(2/16)×27=0.001000B×27=(1.000000)2×24J2=(–2/16)×27=–0.001000B×27=(–1.000000)2×24????????????????????????[X]?=001110(1)111000[Y1]?=001010(1)000000[Y2]?=111010(1)000000[K]?=001100(1)111000[J1]?=001100(1)000000[J2]?=111100(1)000000???Ex=1110?Mx=00(1).111000?Ey1=1010?My=00(1).000000?Ey2=1010?My=11(1).000000Ek=1100?MK=00(1).111000?EJ1=1100?MJ1=00(1).000000?EJ2=1100?MJ2=11(1).000000??M????????????????????????????????????1?????????????1?X+Y1[?E]?=[Ex]?+[–[Ey1]?]?(mod2n)=1110+0110=0100?E=4????????????y1?????????Ey1=Ex=1110?My1=000.000100?????Mb=Mx+My1=001.111000+000.000100=001.111100????????????????1??????????????????E=1110?M=00(1).111100,?(31/32)×27?2?X+Y2[?E]?=[Ex]?+[–[Ey2]?]?(mod2n)=1110+0110=0100;?E=4????????????y2?????????Ey2=Ex=1110?My2=111.111100?????Mb=Mx+My2=001.111000+111.111100=001.110100???????????????1??????????????????E=1110?M=00(1).110100,?(29/32)×27?3?K+J1[?E]?=[EK]?+[&nda