1月全国自考英语阅读(二)试题及答案解析

1月全国自考英语阅读(二)试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 解析全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.MatchthewordsfromColumnAwiththedefinitionsfromColumnB.(15%)A.B.1.fastenA.eatveryquickly2.vaguelyB.notclearlyfelt3.utterlyC.fixfirmly4.gobbleD.darkwithclouds5.strengthenE.completely6.probeF.animallivingbykillingandeatingotheranimals7.predator       G.anapparatussentintotheskytoexaminetheconditionsinouterspace8.overcastH.makesth.strongorstronger9.figureI.fixedregularpay10.approximatelyJ.moreoverorinaddition11.famineK.changeone’splaceofliving12.assembleL.fitorputtogether13.migrateM.seriouslackoffood14.furthermoreN.nearly,almost15.salaryO.symbolforanumberⅡ.Allthefollowingsentencesaretakenfromthetextbook.StudyeachsentencecarefullyandchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.(15%)1.Whatbreathtakingimpertinencetoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderordogfoodorwhatever.A.verydisgustingB.frighteningC.excitedD.veryunusualandastonishing2.Thepersonthankedmeandputmecompletelyatease.A.brought...troubleB.freed...frompainC.made...nervousD.made...comfortable3.Notonlywillthesequestionshelpyouunderstandaperson’sneeds,you alsostrengthenrapportbyshowingconcernandlistening.A.peacefulatmosphereB.friendlyrelationshipC.recognitionD.mutualunderstanding4.Concentratedeyecontacthelpsyoulistenmoreeffectively,andcustomersintuitivelyrespectpeoplewholookthemintheeyes.A.consciouslyB.directlyC.weaklyD.gradually5.Soexplorationofthesolarsystemismoreorlessunderway.A.inprogressB.inpreparationC.movingawayD.intheway6....mywifehadslippedmethehousekeepingbeforegoingonholiday...A.escapedfromB.gotfreefromC.leftD.givensecretly7.Errorsoccurbecausemengrowtiredandcanbedistracted.A.becheatedB.getconfusedC.havetheirattentiondrawnawayfromwhattheyaredoingD.becomeanxiousandrestless8.Regardlessoftheirdirectionorform,computerdevelopmentsandusesofthefuturewilldependontheclevernessandskillofmen.A.withoutrespectforB.withoutwhathappenstoC.withoutworryingaboutD.withoutbeingtroubledby9.HarryPaulinanas,23,alsofromSydney,saidhewasstillstunnedhoursaftertheattack.A.surprisedB.shockedC.worriedD.unconscious10.Thewindscreenandfiveofitswindowshadbeenshatteredbythegunfire.A.brokenB.scatteredC.shotD.blownaway11.Inside,scoresofEgyptianofficialsshoutedordersandquestionsastheyherdedacrowdoffrightenedtouristsintotherestaurant.A.lookedafterB.fedC.droveD.took12.Astheyfiledby,theypassedabottleofwaterstillintactthatlayinapoolofblood.A.untouchedB.completeC.brokenD.undamaged13.Herfraillegswerecoveredwithshrapnelandglasswounds.A.injuredB.frontC.brokenD.weak14.Radicalgroupshaveinthepasttargetedforeigntouristsinanefforttocripplethecountry’stouristindustry.A.aimedatB.directedtowardsC.shotatD.madeagoalof15.Thespateofshootingshadappearedtobeeasingrecently.A.relaxingB.weakeningC.feelingathomeD.becominglesstightⅢ.ReadingComprehension(40%)ReadingPassage1Therangeinfrequenciesofmusicalsoundsisapproximately20－20,000cyclespersecond(Hz).Somepeoplecanhearhigherfrequenciesthanothers.Longitudinal(纵向的)waveswhosefrequenciesarehigherthanthosewithintheaudiblerangearecalledultrasonicfrequencies.Ultrasonicfrequenciesareusedinsonarforsuchpurposesassubmarinedetectionanddepthfinding.Ultrasonicfrequenciesarealsobeingtriedforsterilizingfoodsincethesefrequencieskillsomebacteria.Soundwavesofallfrequenciesintheaudiblerangetravelatthesamespeedinthesamemedium.Intheaudiblerange,thehigherthefrequencyofthesoundthehigheristhepitch.Thetermsupersonicreferstospeedgreaterthansound.Anairplanetravelingatsupersonicspeedismovingataspeedofsoundinairatthattemperature.Mach1meansaspeedequaltothatofsound;Mach2meansaspeedequaltotwicethatofsound,etc.Musicalsoundshavethreebasiccharacteristics:pitch,loudness,andqualityortimbre.Aswasindicatedabove,pitchisdeterminedlargelybythefrequencyofthewavereachingtheear.Thehigherthefrequencythehigheristhepitch.Loudnessdependsontheamplitudeofthewavereachingtheear.Foragivenfrequency,thegreatertheamplitudeofthewavethelouderthesound.Todiscussqualityofsoundweneedtoclarifytheconceptofovertones.Soundsareproducedbyvibratingobjects;iftheseobjectsaregivenagentlepush,theyusuallyvibrateatonedefinitefrequencyproducingapuretone.Thisisthewayatuningforkisusuallyused.Whenobjectsvibratefreelyafteraforceismomentarilyapplied,theyaresaidtoproducetheirnaturalfrequency.Someobjects,likestringsandaircolumns,canvibratenaturallyatmorethanonefrequencyatatime.Thelowestfrequencywhichanobjectcanproducewhenvibratingfreelyisknownastheobject’sfundamentalfrequency;otherfrequenciesthattheobjectcanproduceareknownasitsovertones.Thequalityofasounddependsonthenumberandrelativeamplitudeoftheovertonespresentinthewavereachingtheear.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.A.definethenatureandqualityofmusicalsoundsB.analyzewhatgivesaworkofartitsmusicalqualityC.explaintheapplicationsofultrasonicfrequenciesD.exploretheinfluenceofwavelengthonmusicalappreciation2.Thestyleandcontentofthispassageindicatethatitismostlikelyanexcerptfrom______.A.aninformalarticlewrittenforapopularmagazineB.ascholarlymonographonaestheticsC.acollegetextbookonmusictheoryD.acritiqueofmusiceducationatschool3.Accordingtotheauthor,thetimbreofamusicalsoundisdependenton______A.amplitudeB.frequencyC.overtonesD.speed4.Accordingtothepassage,ultrasonicfrequenciesare______.A.inaudibleB.excessivelyfastC.characterizedbyagreatamplitudeD.deathrays5.WhichofthefollowingindividualswouldbemostlikelytousetermslikeMach5orMach9?A.ahelicopterpilotB.amusicianC.anastronautD.asubmarinenavigatorReadingPassage2Writingbeinglargelyaself-taughtoccupation,textsonhowtogetaboutit—thoughgreatinnumber—seldomareofmuchuse.Youtryandfail.Thentryagain,andperhapsfailnotquitesogrievously.Untilatlast,ifyouhavesomeaptitudeforit,thefailuresbecomelessfrequent,oratanyratelessnoticeable.Itisthisabilitytoconcealone’sdefectsthatpasses,finally,foraccomplishment.Alongthewaytherearethediscouragementsofunkindcriticism,outrightrejection,nagginginsecurityandintermittentinabilitytomeetdebts.Itisuncommon,therefore,tocomeacrossabookcontainingadviceofmuchpracticalvalueforanyonetoyingwiththedangerousideaofembarkingonawritinglife.Anacquaintancerecentlyloanedmesuchabook,however-oneIwishI’dhadthelucktoreadyearsago,andwhichIwouldcommendtoanyyoungpersonbentonmakingacareerofwords.ItistheslenderautobiographyoftheEnglishnovelistAnthonyTrollope,firstpublishedin1883,theyearafterhisdeath.Needingsomemeanstosupporthimself,Trollopeattheageof19signedonasajuniorclerkintheBritishpostalservice.Hewasathisdeskat5∶30eachmorningtowriteforthreehours.Andheremainedinthemailservice33years,longafterreputationandprosperityhadcometohim.Now,whatofhisadvice?1.Forsafety’ssake,armyourselfwithsomeotherskills,someotherlineofworktofallbackon.Thatway,failureatwriting,thoughthedisappointmentmaybekeen,willnotmeanutterruin.2.Donotdependoverlymuchoninspiration.Writingisacraft,whichTrollopecomparedtothecraftofshoemaking.Theshoemakerwhohasjustturnedoutonepairofhisshoessetstoworkimmediatelyonthenextpair.3.Haveastorytotell,but,moreimportantthanthat,peoplewithcharacterswhowillspeakandmoveaslivingcreaturesinthereader’smind.Withoutmemorablecharacters,storyaloneisnoting.4.Meetyourdeadlines.Lifeisendlessly“painfulandtroublesome”forwriterswhocan’tfinishtheirworkontime.5.Donotbeinflatedbypraise.And,aboveall,donotbecrushedbycriticism.6.Understandtherisksofwritingforaliving.“Thecareer,whensuccessful,ispleasantenoughcertainly;butwhenunsuccessful,itisofallcareersthemostagonizing.”6.Inthispassagetheauthormainlydiscusses______.A.thedifficultiesandrisksofmakingacareerofwordsB.thefutilityofinstructionscontainedinwritingmanualsC.theautobiographyofthe19thEnglishnovelistAnthonyTrollopeD.soundadviceprovidedinA.Trollope’sautobiography7.Fromthecontextwecanfigureoutthatthephrase“passfor”(Para.3)means______.A.“poseas”  B.“beacceptedas”C.“beequalto”D.“actas”8.Accordingtotheauthor,writing______.A.isbasicallyaself-taughtoccupationandnoinstructionsonhowtodealwithitareofanypracticaluseB.isa“trialanderror”processanditdoesnotcountwhetheryouhavethegiftforwritingornotC.foralivingisthemostdifficultandriskyofallcareers,fulloffrustrationanddiscouragement.D.sometimesprovidesgoodhopesofwinningpublicpraiseandescapinghumiliatingpoverty9.TheauthoradmiresA.Trollopeparticularlyfor______.A.hisbrillianceB.hisdiligenceC.hisprecautionD.hispragmatism10.Fromthepassagewemayinferthattheauthorismostprobably______.A.aninstructorofwritingB.awriterC.aneducatorD.apublisherReadingPassage3Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadistic(施虐性的)impulses.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofthefearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,twoheadeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircasesweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirlfriend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.11.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis______.A.repeatedwithoutvariationB.treatedwithreverenceC.adaptedbytheparentD.setinthepresent12.Somepeopledislikefairystoriesbecausetheyfeelthatthey_____.A.temptpeopletobecrueltochildrenB.showtheprimitivecrueltyinchildrenC.lendthemselvestoundesirableexperimentswithchildrenD.increaseatendencytosadisminchildren13.Fairystoriesareameansbywhichchildren’simpulsesmaybe______.A.beneficiallychanneledB.givenadestructivetendencyC.heldbackuntilmaturityD.effectivelysuppressed14.Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit______.A.makesthemcometotermswiththeirfearsB.developstheirpowerofmemoryC.convincesthemthereisnothingtobeafraidofD.encouragesthemnottohaveridiculousbeliefs15.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat______.A.fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeupB.thereisconfusionaboutdifferentkindsoftruthC.peopletrytomoderniseoldfairystoriesD.thereismoreconcernforchildren’sfearsnowadaysReadingPassage4Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentratedwork.Thisdifficultyismuchgreaterforthosewhodonotworktoaplanandhavenoregularroutineofstudy.Manystudentsmuddlealong,doingabitofthissubjectorthat,asthemoodtakesthem,orlettingtheirsetworkpileupuntilthelastpossiblemoment.Fewstudentsworktoasettimetable.Theysaythatiftheydidconstructatimetableforthemselvestheywouldnotkeeptoit,orwouldhavetoalteritconstantly,sincetheycanneverpredictfromonedaytothenextwhattheiractivitieswillbe.Nodoubtsometemperamentstakemuchmorekindlytoaregularroutinethanothers.Therearemanywhoshyawayfromtheselfregimentationofaweeklytimetable,anddislikebeingtieddowntoadefiniteprogrammeofwork.Manyablestudentsclaimthattheyworkincycles.Whentheybecomeinterestedinatopictheyworkonitintensivelyforthreeorfourdaysatatime.Onotherdaystheyavoidworkcompletely.Ithastobeconfessedthatwedonotfullyunderstandthecomplexitiesofthemotivationtowork.Mostpeopleover25yearsofagehavebecomeconditionedtoaworkroutine,andthemajorityofreallyproductiveworkerssetasideregularhoursforthemoreimportantaspectsoftheirwork.The‘toughminded’schoolofworkersisusuallyverycontemptuousoftheideathatgoodworkcanonlybedonespontaneously,undertheinfluenceofinspiraton.Thosewhobelievethattheyneedonlyworkandstudyasthefittakesthemhaveamistakenbeliefeitherintheirowntalentorinthevalueof‘freedom’.Freedomfromrestraintanddisciplineleadstounhappinessratherthanto‘selfexpression’or‘personalitydevelopment’.Oursocietyinsistsonregularhabits,timekeepingandpunctuality,andwhetherwelikeitornot,ifwemeantomakeourwayinsocietywehavetocomplywithitsdemands.16.Themostwidespreadprobleminapplyingoneselftostudyisthatof______.A.thefailuretokeeptoaroutineofmethodicalandintensiveworkB.changingfromonesubjecttoanotherC.unwillingnesstofollowasystematicplanD.applyingoneselftoasubjectonlywhenonefeelsinclined17.Accordingtotheselection,therearemanystudentswho______.A.donotlikebeingcommandedtostudyaccordingtoaweeklytimetableB.aretootimidtoaccustomthemselvestoaweeklytimetableC.refusetoexertthemselvesthewholeweekasifundermilitarydisciplineD.shrinkfromtheselfdisciplinerequiredforworkingtoaweeklyplan18.Thoseworkerswithstrictviewsonwork______.A.areverycriticalofthebeliefthatgoodworkcanbeanaturalproductofinstinctB.rejecttheideathatgoodworkissecondnaturetomanC.donotregardasserioustheopinionthatgoodworkcanbedoneatanytimeregardlessofinspirationD.aredeeplyscornfuloftheideathatgoodworkcanonlybedonewhenfreefromexternalinfluenceandpromptedbyinternalstimulus19.InParagraph4“asthefittakesthem”means______.A.whentheyhavetheenergyB.whentheyareinthemoodC.whentheyfindconditionssuitableD.whentheyfeelfit20.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.AttitudestoStudyB.StudyPlansC.TheDifficultiesofStudyingD.StudyandSelfdisciplineⅣ.Questions:(10%)AllthequestionsarebasedonReadingPassage5.Answerthequestionswiththefewestwordspossible.ReadingPassage5Researchthatwentintodevelopingthehighlyspecializedtechnologyforspacetravelhasresultedinmanyunexpectedpracticalapplicationsbackonearth.Outoftheengineeringthatproducedrocketmotors,liquidpropellants,spacesuits,andothernecessitiesofspaceflightcameby-productsthatnoonehadanticipated.Equipmentandproceduresdesignedforastronautsandspaceflightshavebeensuccessfullyadaptedforuseinmedicine,industry,andthehome.Thesevaluableproductsofspaceresearch,calledspin-offs,haveimprovedthequalityoflifeonearthinmanyways.Someofthebest-knownexamplesofspin-offsfromspaceresearcharefoundinhospitalsanddoctors’offices.Onesuchexampleisthesightswitch,whichwasoriginallydevelopedtoallowastronautstocontroltheirspacecraftwithoutusingtheirhands.Thesightswitchisnowusedbyhandicappedpeopletooperatedevicesusingeyemovements.Anotherspin-offisthevoicecommanddevice,whichwasdesignedtoenableastronautstosteertheirspacecraftbyvoicecommand.Thisdeviceisnowbeingusedtohelpdeafpeoplelearntospeak.Doctorshavealsobenefitedfromthetechnologyrequiredtomakeminiatureelectronicinstrumentssmallenoughanddurableenoughfortripsintospace.Fromthistechnologyhavecomehearingaidsthesizeofanaspirinandtelevisioncamerassmallenoughtobeattachedtoasurgeon’sheadtogivemedicalstudentsaclose-upviewofanoperation.Biotelemetry,whichwasdevelopedtomonitorthephysicalsignsofastronautsbycheckingtheirtemperature,brain-waveactivity,breathingrate,andheartbeat,offersdoctorsanewmeansofmonitoringhospitalpatients.Biosensorsattachedtothebodysenddatabywireorradio.Thisinformationisdisplayedonterminalsfordoctorstoanalyze.AerospacescientistsinEnglanddevelopedaspecialbedforastronautsthatisnowusedforburnpatients.Itenablesthemtofloatonacushionofair.Theburnscanhealmorequicklybecausetheydonotrubagainstthebed.1.Whatdoesthetechnicalterm“spin-offs”referto?2.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeveopmentofthehighlyspecializedtechnologyhasnotonlymadespacetravelpossiblebutalso______.3.Usingword-partandcontextualclues,wemayinferthat“biotelemetry”meansthemonitoringandmeasuringofalivingorganism’s______bytheuseoftelemetrytechniques.4.Whatistheauthorprimarilyconcernedwithinthispassage?5.Whatwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortoaddressinsucceedingparagraphs?Ⅴ.TranslatethefollowingshortpassageintoChinese.(20%)OnaneveninginthelatterpartofMay,amiddle-agedmanwaswalkinghomewardfromShastontothevillageofMarlott,intheadjoiningValeofBlakemoreorBlackmoor.Thepairoflegsthatcarriedhimwereshaky,andtherewasaleaningtotheleftinhiswalkingmanner.Heoccasionallygaveasmartnod,asiftomakesuresomeopinion,thoughhewasnotthinkingofanythinginparticular.Anemptyegg-basketwashunguponhisarm,thetopofhishatwaswrinkled,apatchbeingquitewornawayatitsbrimwherehisthumbcameintakingitoff.Presentlyhewasmetbyanelderlyparsonridingonagraymare,who,asherode,hummedawanderingtune.