学术英语综合 Unit 5

学术英语综合AcademicEnglish—AnIntegratedCourseUnit5PhilosophyUnitContentsUnitobjectivesTextATextBTextCAcademiclanguageanddiscourseListeningSpeakingWritingUnitObjectives1.ProfessionalKnowledgeGetacquaintedwithsomeimportantphilosophicalconcepts(e.g.mentalist,epistemologist,phenomenologist,behaviorist,philosophicalpsychology,pragmatist,feminist,ethicsofcare,philosophyofscience,etc.)2.ReadingSummarizethemainideaofatextandgraspthetwosidesofanargumentUnderstanddifficultsentences(e.g.sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference)AnalyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescriticallyUnit5PhilosophyUnitObjectives3.ListeningKnowhowtousenote-takingforms4.SpeakingKnowhowtoturntoanewpointindiscussions5.WritingLearntoavoidplagiarisminwritingUnit5PhilosophyUnitObjectives6.ResearchingCarryoutasmall-scaleinterviewstudytoexplorehowChinesecollegestudentsperceivephilosophytoday7.AcademiclanguageanddiscourseAcquiresometermsrelatedtophilosophyLearnsomesignpostlanguageforclassificationComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressionsUnit5PhilosophyTextALead-inTheAmericansciencefictionmovieMatrix（黑客帝国）describesaworlddominatedbyrobotswhomanipulatedhumanbeings.Doyouthinksuchaworldwouldonedaycometoreality?Whyorwhynot?Discussthesequestionswitheachother.ThenreadTextAtoseehowthewritermightanswerthesequestions.Unit5PhilosophyTextAOverviewLearnmoreaboutthetwophilosophicalterms:mentalismbehaviorismUnit5PhilosophyTextASupplementaryinformation1.MentalistMentalistsarepeoplewhobelieveinmentalism.Mentalismisaschoolofphilosophywhichbelievesthatmentalphenomenacannotbeexplainedbyphysicallaws;instead,physicalthingscanbeexplainedintermsofmentalthingswhichexistinarealsense.Somementalistsclaimthatphysicalobjectsaremerelysensationsorperceptions,orthatthewholematerialworldismentalinnature.Unit5PhilosophyTextASupplementaryinformation2.BehavioristBehavioristsarepeoplewhobelieveinbehaviorism.Behaviorismisaphilosophicaltheorywhichbelievesthatmentalstatescanbeanalyzedintermsofpubliclyobservableactions;inotherwords,behaviorcanbedescribedandexplainedwithoutreferencetomentaleventsorpsychologicalprocesses.Thisschoolofthoughttendstoemphasizetheexternalsourcesofbehavioranddismisstheinternalsources(themind).Themindhencehasnoindependentsignificance.Unit5PhilosophyTextAOverview2.DoTask1CriticalReadingandThinkingtohaveanoverviewofthetext.consciousmindsineverywayasifitunderstandsthinkwhattheydowhatheorshesaysanddoesinnerlifeUnit5PhilosophyTextAIn-depthanalysis1.ExploredifficultsentencesinTextA.Unit5PhilosophyTextADifficultsentencesIncountlessmovies,computersplayastarringrole.(Para.1)Muchofthisisstillsciencefiction.(Para.1)Boththefantasyandthefactwouldhaveastonishedourgrandparents.(Para.1)Ifthecomputerreallyisa“materialmind”,thennotonlymustwerethinkthisdistinction,butwehavebrokenitwithourowncreations.(Para.2)ThefirstresponseI’llcallmentalist,forthesakeofalabel.(Para.4)Wouldn’tyouhaveasmuchreasonforthinkingthatMhadamindasyouhaveforthinkingthatyourmotherdoes?…Butdidyouevercheckthatyourmotherhasgotbraintissueinherhead?(Para.8)Unit5PhilosophyTextADifficultsentencesNotifIknowthatit’sgotsiliconchipsinitshead.(Para.8)Ifit’stheevidenceofwhatyourmotherdoesthatentitlesyoutobelieveshehasamind(andnot,say,aninnateprejudice),…(Para.9)Itseemsthatourconvictionthatpeoplehavemindsisnobetterbasedthanthebeliefthattherecouldbeunderstandingcomputers.(Para.12)...inthesameboat.(Para.12)Itistimenowtofindourwayupthattowertohavealookaround.(Para.15)Unit5PhilosophyTextAIn-depthanalysis2.DiscussingroupsaboutthequestionsinTask3/Criticalreadingandthinking:Whatisyourpointofview–Docomputershaveminds?Comparetheviewsinthetextwithyourownanswers.Unit5PhilosophyTextBTextanalysisWhatisthewriter’sfocus?Philosophyingeneraloranybranchofphilosophy?LearnmoreaboutAmericanphilosophyAmericanphilosophycouldrefertophilosophicalworkdonebyAmericanswithinthegeographicalconfinesoftheUnitedStates.Itcouldalsorefertothetypesofphilosophicalconcernsandproblemsaddressed;namely,thefocusontheinterconnectionsoftheoryandpractice,onexperienceandcommunity.Althoughdifferentconcernsandthemeshaveoccurredatdifferenttimes,AmericanphilosophybothreflectsandshapescollectiveAmericanidentityoverthehistoryofthenation.TraditionalAmericanphilosophyfeaturedGeorgeHerbertMead,Peirce,James,Tufts,andDeweywhosephilosophicalthoughtsledtotheestablishmentofPragmatism.Unit5PhilosophyTextBTextanalysis2.SummarizethemainfeaturesofAmericanphilosophytodayonthebasisofTask1/Criticalreadingandthinking/TextB.3.CompareyouranswerstothequestionsinTask2/CriticalReadingandThinking/TextB.Unit5PhilosophyTextBDifficultsentencesStatisticalandmathematicaltechniquesofanalysisvs.amorediscursive,evennarrative,styleinsocialsciences(Para.3)...theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving...(Para.11)Likeallsuchlabels,thesedistinctionscanbepushedtoofar.(Para.4)Herethebestadviceis:userbeware.(Para.10):Unit5PhilosophyTextBResearchingFormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching/TextB.Followthesesteps:ReporttheresearchfindingstothegroupDiscussthefindingswithinthegroupDrawupapostertopresenttheresearchfindingsofthegrouptotheclassUnit5PhilosophyWhatdoyouknowaboutthefollowingterms?naturalphilosophyformalphilosophyTextCTextAnalysisUnit5PhilosophyTextCSupplementaryinformationNaturalphilosophyNaturalphilosophywasthestudyofnatureandthephysicalworldinallitsvariousdimensionsbeforethedevelopmentofmodernscience.2.FormalphilosophyFormalphilosophymainlydealswithconceptualquestionssuchashowpeopleconceiveoftheworld.Itissupposedtobedifferentfromnaturalphilosophywhichdealswithempiricalquestionssuchashowtheworldhappenstobe.Herethewriterusesthistermtorefertomodernphilosophy.Unit5Philosophy2.Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthedifferencesbetweenscienceandphilosophy.TextCTextAnalysis3.DotheTaskinTextC.Unit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourseDoTask1/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.SpecializedvocabularyUnit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourse1.DoTask2/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.2.Dothefollowingsignpostlanguageactivity:SignpostlanguageReadthefollowingparagraphandfindoutthewordsthatindicateclassification.Unit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSignpostlanguagePsychology,asdefined,comprisesanumberofdifferentkindsofenterprises,sodifferentthattheymayseemtohavenothingincommon.Onepsychologistisengagedinvocationalguidance;hespendshisdaytalkingtohighschoolstudents,studyingtheiracademicrecordsandtheirtestscoresandfromthese,inprinciple,showingthestudenthowtoclarifyhisownideasabouthisfuturetrainingandoccupation.Anotherspendshisdaystudyingdelayedreactioningoldfishorthenavigationofbats.Otherpsychologistsareassistinginthediagnosisofneuroticpatients,doingresearchonthechildhoodexperiencesthatcontributetoneurosis,ortakingpartincombinedresearchontheeffectsoftranquilizers.Butallsuchdisparateactivitieshavethisincommon,thatthemethodsderivefromthesamefundamentaltrainingintheproceduresandconceptionsofacademicpsychology,andthattheworkeriseitherputtingtheconceptionstopracticaluseortryingtoimproveonthem(orboth).Unit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourseFormalEnglishDoTask3/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.Unit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourseCollocationFillintheblanksofthesentenceswhichareadaptedfromsentencesinTextsBandCwithappropriateprepositions.PhilosophyinNorthAmericatodayischaracterized__enormousvariety.Addingtothisdiversityistheemergence__interestinvariousnon-westernphilosophies.Thiskindofuseofanalyticaltechniquesderives__formallogic.Thelessformalizedanalysisismoreakin__thetraditionalwritingofphilosophers.Thiskindofanalysishasampleroom__themoretraditionalstyleofphilosophy.Somephilosophersuseformalizedtechniquesintheirapproaches__traditionalphilosophicalquestions.Somephilosophersdraws__theworkofbothstylesofphilosophy.byoffromtofortoonUnit5PhilosophyAcademiclanguageanddiscourseCollocationAnalternativetotherule-governedanalysisofmorality,theyput________anethicsofcare.Thesituationhasresulted__theprofessionalizationofphilosophy.Philosophyhasnotfounditsway____thecurriculumofhighschools.Atitscoreremainstheessentialquestionsthathavedominatedthequest__wisdom.Thedistinctionbetweenphilosophyandscienceissometimesheldtobe,__comparison,asimplematter.Thedivision__laborbetweenscienceandphilosophyhasbeenproductive.forwardinintoforbyofUnit5PhilosophyListening1.Goovertheinformationaboutnote-takingformsinListening.2.Practicenote-takingbydoingTask1/Listening.3.ListentotheclipagainanddoTask2.Unit5PhilosophySpeakingGoovertheinformationabouthowtoturntoanewpointinSpeaking.DothediscussiontaskinTask/Speaking.3.Reportdiscussionresultsasagroup.Hereissomelanguagetohelpyoureporttotheclass.Unit5PhilosophySpeakingHereissomelanguagetohelpyoureporttotheclass.Unit5PhilosophyWritingLearnhowtoavoidplagiarisminWriting:UsequotessparinglyUseparaphrasingwithcaution2.DoTask1/Writingtopracticeparaphrasingskills.DoTask2/Writingtotransferwhatyouhavelearnttoyourownwriting.Unit5Philosophy