完全英语生活手册-工作篇

你的英语有多实用呢？在碰上外国人的时候，能真正地和老外无障碍地沟通吗？ 在学校学英语学了好几个年头，由学abc到用英语写文章，经历了不少挑灯夜读为考 试的时光。分数可能是拿到了，可是让我问一下，这些年头来，你学到的有多少真的 能应用在生活中呢？ 好吧，就让我在这里先考考你？ 1. 你会用英语买单吗？ 2. 朋友提议〝Go and catch a flick〞，是提议什么呢？ 3. 伦敦话〝Bob’s your uncle〞是什么意思呢？ 4. 澳洲人说〝Struth!’，他的意思到底是什么呢？ 5. 写电邮时，用〝Dear Sir’还是‘Dear Ms/Mr…〞呢? 6. 你能分得清〝Assure’和‘Ensure〞意思的分别吗？ 答案呢？我先不告诉你。 其实，有多少人可以真正面对外国人也能对答如流？又有多少是对着人家愣在那里， 张口结舌说不出话呢？相信前者是少之又少，而后者却成千上万。植根中国已经十多 年的英语培训专家英孚教育，深深明白中国学生学英语的需要，精心地为中国学生编 辑一系列在生活中活学活用的真英语指南， 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 覆盖：消闲、旅游、商务、社交等， 让你深入浅出的学习地道的英语日常用语。 还在惦记上面问题的答案吗？问题的答案尽在这一系列的真英语指南中，而且，我们 可以肯定你在这一系列指南中学到的更多。 www.englishtown.com 2 P.5 求职信中的英语 English for Cover Letters P.7 英语面试？就这么说... Job Interview in English? Say This... P.9 流利英语助你加薪 Get a Higher Salary with English P.11 电话必备英文短语 English Telephone Phrases You Have to Know P.13 英语商务邮件: 五点实用技巧 Business Emails in English: 5 Practical Pointers P.15 讨老板欢心的英语 English a Boss Likes to Hear www.englishtown.com 3 糟糕了！用英语点菜原来不简单！ 不用紧张，学懂点菜，再了解英语聚餐应有的仪态及常 用对话，便可轻松应付不同宴会场合了。 懂英语真的有助找到工作？ 不一定──想找到理想工作，除了有良好英语能力外， 还要适当的运用及技巧；不过可以肯定的是，不懂英 语就很难找到好工！ www.englishtown.com 4 要获得梦想中的工作并不只 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 有一份 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 写精美的简历就行了－你还需要一份引人注目 的求职信正式介绍自己并展示你的价值。根据这里的向导准备一份动人的求职信。 Landing that dream job doesn’t only require a well-written resume - you’ll also need a sparkling cover letter to formally introduce yourself and present your value. Follow this guide to prepare a winning cover letter. Stay on target 当你开始写你的求职信的时候，直入主题。解释你为什么写这封求职信并将你感兴趣的职位头衔写在 里面。你可能还想要说一下你是在哪儿听到这份工作的：〝I am writing to express my interest in the Sales Manager position advertised on your website. I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review.〞。 When you begin your cover letter, get to the point immediately. Explain why you’re writing and include the title of the position you’re interested in. You may even want to say where you heard of the opening: “I am writing to express my interest in the Sales Manager position advertised on your website. I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review.” Match your skills 一封求职信是你向雇主证明你是最好人选的好机会，因此确定该职位的技能要求是重要的第一步。然 后，将你以前和这些技能相关的工作经历的具体介绍，并且最后以类似这样的话 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ：〝I am confident that these combined experiences make me an ideal candidate for this position.〞。 A cover letter is your chance to convince the employer that you’re the perfect candidate, so identifying the position’s skill requirements is an important first step. Then, include clear examples from your previous experience which reveal that you possess these skills, and finally sum up with something like this: “I am confident that these combined experiences make me an ideal candidate for this position.” Demonstrate your English ability 如果要求你写一封求职信，那可是显示你流畅的写作技巧和专业特性的绝好的机会。记住，无论如何， 冗长的句子并不一定代表流畅。你的句子要短而精；不要试图用你太过于复杂的句子来让人影响深刻， 否则的话会让读者有疲劳和困惑的感觉的。 If an English cover letter is required, it’s a fantastic opportunity to demonstrate your smooth writing skills and professionalism. Keep in mind, however, that long sentences don’t necessarily indicate fluency. Keep your sentences short and clear; do not try to over-impress by writing complex sentences, which can often leave the reader tired and confused. www.englishtown.com 5 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Sell yourself 当你写求职信的时候，你应该总是记得你的任务是－推销自己！陈述你能为雇主所做的，而不是相反， 将能让你脱颖而出。使用行为动词例如：〝facil itated〞、〝developed〞和〝managed〞的，来描述 你工作的职责，并自信的表示例如：〝I strongly believe I possess the right combination of skills and experience you are looking for〞，令人知道你充满信心。 When you’re writing a cover letter, you should always remember your mission – to sell yourself! Demonstrating what you can do for the employer, not the other way around, will make you stand out from the crowd. Use action verbs such as facilitated, developed and managed to describe your job responsibilities, and make claims such as “I strongly believe I possess the right combination of skills and experience you are looking for” with confidence. Proofread! 坐下来，马上写然后马上发出你的求职信将保证发生一件事－错误！一旦你写了求职信，确定你稍后会 校正一下或是请你的朋友看一下。仔细看拼写和语法错误并确定写的不会太长。最好，〝put yourself in the employer’s shoes〞，或假设你是雇主，并决定是否你想要雇佣一名写了这求职信的应聘者。如果不 想，回过去并重新改写直到你写出一封令人入胜的求职信！ Sitting down, writing and then immediately sending your cover letter will guarantee one thing – mistakes! Once you have written your cover letter, make sure you proofread it at a later time and ask a friend to read it as well. Look closely for spelling and grammatical errors and make sure it’s not too long. Finally, put yourself in the employer’s shoes, or pretend that you are the employer, and decide if you would hire the candidate who wrote the letter. If not, go back and make revisions until you have a sparkling cover letter! www.englishtown.com 6 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Tell me about yourself. 面试者常常以这样的问题开始。记得，他们想要听到的是你的工作技巧，不是你的个人生活。不要说： 〝I was born in Taipei〞、〝I like to play computer games〞、或是〝I have two brothers.〞，告诉他们 有关你职业生涯的发展，你学到的东西或是你是如何具体的某些工作技巧。 Interviewers often start with this question. Remember, they want to hear about your job skills, not your personal life. Don’t say, “I was born in Taipei,” “I like to play computer games,” or “I have two brothers.” Tell them about your career growth, what you’ve learned or how you’ve developed specific skills. 如果你找到了最理想的工作，但是有一件事还横在当中：面试。“万一我说错了什么怎么 办？”你在想。别担心了！好消息是许多的雇主都在他们的面试中问同样的基本的问题。 因此只要准备一下，你就可以避免胡言乱语而失去你梦想工作的可能性了。 You’ve found the perfect job, but there’s one thing standing in the way: the interview. “What if I say something wrong?” you think. Stop worrying! The good news is that many recruiters ask the same basic questions in their interviews. So with a little preparation, you can avoid putting your foot in your mouth and saying goodbye to your dream job. www.englishtown.com 7 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 What are your strengths? 继续，自我推销！这个问题的关键是给出具体的例子。避免只是简单的列出几项，象：〝I’m really organized, punctual and get along well with others.〞，接着具体的说到你刚才的提到的内容：〝For example…〞，并解释你在之前的工作中是如何运用此特长的。 Go ahead, sell yourself! The key to this question is to give specific examples. Avoid simply offering a list, like: “I’m really organized, punctual and get along well with others.” Follow up anything you mention with, “For example …” and then explain how you demonstrated this quality in a previous job. Why are you interested in working for our company? 雇主们想要知道你为什么想为他们工作。因此就让他们了解你很清楚公司的运营模式以及你对此工作非 常有积极性。不要以〝Umm〞、〝I don’t know〞、〝It seemed like a good career move〞、或是〝I haven’t been able to find anything else interesting.〞。记得雇主们想知道你能带给公司什么，而不是 公司能带给你什么！ Employers want to know why you want to work for them. So show them you understand what the company does and that you’re enthusiastic about the work. Don’t start with “Umm,” “I don’t know,” “It seemed like a good career move,” or “I haven’t been able to find anything else interesting.” Keep in mind that the interviewer wants to know what you can bring to their company, not what the company can bring to you! Why did you leave your last job? 可能你上一份工作非常的糟糕，但是面试并不是谈论的合适的场合。就算是真的，不要对你现有的 或是过去的雇主或是同事进行负面或是武断的评论：〝I didn’t agree with the company’s direction〞、 〝I got no recognition for my work〞、〝My boss was totally unreasonable.〞，想这样的评论会让你 听起来不可理喻。 Maybe your last job was terrible, but an interview is not the place to talk about it. Even if it’s true, never make negative or opinionated comments about your current or past employers or co-workers: “I didn’t agree with the company’s direction,” “I got no recognition for my work,” “My boss was totally unreasonable.” Statements like these make you sound unreasonable! Do you have any questions for me? 面试官通常以此问卷结束面试。询问具体的问题以显示你非常了解该公司，但却希望了解更多的内容。 不要问那些你早就该知道答案的问题，象：〝What does your company do?〞，或是〝Could you tell me your name again?〞。此外，不要问薪水或是和假期相关的问题：〝When do you give raises?〞、 〝How much vacation time can I expect?〞，在听到了他们告诉你〝We’d like to offer you the job〞才 去问此类的问题。 Interviewers usually finish an interview with this question. Ask specific questions that show you already know a lot about the company, but want to know more. Do not ask questions that you should already know the answers to, like, “What does your company do?” Or, “Could you tell me your name again?” Also, don’t ask salary or vacation-related questions: “When do you give raises?” “How much vacation time can I expect?” Save those questions for after you hear, “We’d like to offer you the job.” www.englishtown.com 8 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Thank you for your offer. 无论你的决定如何并且你的福利情况如何，确定你表示你的感谢。你可以通过这样的短语表示，〝 I appreciate your consideration〞和〝I am honored that you have selected me.〞。 No matter what your decision and what the package, make sure you give your thanks. You may also want to offer phrases such as, “I appreciate your consideration” and “I am honored that you have selected me.” Hmm... 一旦你对达到的工作和薪水表示出极大的兴趣和满意度的话那就很难商谈你的福利问题了，因此最 好能在一开始的时候就谈论到你的福利问题。不说：〝OK〞，而是在你听到薪水的数字时，说： 〝Hmmm...〞。这样就能让雇佣你的经理了解到你并不是非常满意这个数字而是可能需要更进一步的 谈论。 It’s often difficult to negotiate an offer once you’ve shown extreme interest in the job and satisfaction in the salary, so it’s best to start at the beginning. Instead of saying, “OK”, when you hear the salary figure, say “Hmmm...” This lets the hiring manager know you aren’t quite satisfied and can lead to immediate negotiations. 如果你在梦想的公司中获得一份更好的工作，可能会让你马上答应接受这份工作。但是 千万不要马上这么做！许多公司经理期待有前途的职员能商谈他们自己的福利问题，就 算获得每个月小小数目的工资提高在长期来看也是很好的回报。这有一些用英语商谈你 的薪水的窍门。 If you’re offered a much-desired position at the company of your dreams, it may be tempting to agree to the offer right away. But don’t! Many managers expect perspective employees to negotiate their package, and even negotiating a small amount per month can offer big returns in the long run. Here are some tips for negotiating your salary in English. www.englishtown.com 9 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Based on my current salary... 给出一个你期待更多薪水的理由。可能是以你现有薪水为基础的，其他的工作机会或是你最近了解到有 关你从事领域的基本薪资调查等。用这样的句子结束：〝I had something a little higher in mind〞或是 〝I was expecting something within the $15,000 to $20,000 range.〞。 Give a reason for your higher expectations. Maybe it’s based on your current salary, other job offers or statistics you’ve recently read about your field. Finish up the sentence with, “I had something a little higher in mind” or “I was expecting something within the $15,000 to $20,000 range.” Can I let you know my final decision on Monday? 雇佣你的经理当然会给你一些压力，特别是当他们真的非常需要你的时候，但是不要马上就决定。请求 几天的余地来考虑一下你的决定。你可以加上：〝I’m very interested in your company, but this will give me some time to make a more informed decision.〞。 Hiring managers have been known to put the squeeze on, especially if they really want you, but don’t rush into decisions. Request at least several days to think through the decision. You can add, “I’m very interested in your company, but this will give me some time to make a more informed decision.” I’ll take it! 当需要最后的决定时，这是一个非常有 趣而且友善的方式来接受工作。如果你 脑海中还有更正式的表达的方式，就可 以说：〝I’d like to formally accept your o f fe r.〞。但是，如果你并不想接受这 份工作的话，就可以说：〝After much consideration, I’m afraid I won’t be able to accept your offer.〞，注意一定要给 出正确的回答，并一定要礼貌！ When it comes down to the final decision, this is a fun and friendly way to accept an offer. If you had something more formal in mind, say “I’d like to formally accept your offer.” If, on the other hand, you don’t want the job, say, “After much consideration, I’m afraid I won’t be able to accept your offer.” Be sure to always give an answer, and always be polite! www.englishtown.com 10 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Introductions 以自我介绍开始电话交谈：〝Hello, this is Peter Jones.〞，如果你在接电话的时候对方没有表明他是 谁，你可以说：〝May I ask who’s calling, please?〞。 Start any telephone conversation by introducing yourself: “Hello, this is Peter Jones. If you answer the phone and the caller fails to identify himself, you can say: “May I ask who’s calling, please?” Asking for someone / Making a request 如果你打电话给特定的某个人的话，那么你得用礼貌的问句来表达意图，例如：〝May I speak to Rachel Smith, please?〞，当你只知道分机号码却不知道人名的时候你可以说：〝Could I have extension number 635?〞。但如果打电话是有特定的目的，那最好是这么说：〝I’m calling to make a reservation.〞。 If you’re calling to talk to a specific person, then phrase your request as a polite question, e.g. “May I speak to Rachel Smith, please?” When you have an extension number but no name you can say: “Could I have extension number 635?” But if you’re calling with a specific purpose, then a statement works best: “I’m calling to make a reservation.” Holding and transferring 〝Please hold〞是电话语言中表示〝 等一下〞。当你需要〝transferred〞 （转接）到另一部分机，你常会听到： 〝Connecting your call...〞或〝Please hold, I’ll transfer you.〞。如果你是在 繁忙时段拨打某公司电话的话，你可能 会听到简短的一句话：〝Hello, please hold!〞。在接线员将你转到另一条线 之前。 如果你和大多数的英语学习者一样，会觉得用英语打电话很难。但如果你需要在海外旅 行或在外国公司工作的话，能使用电话英语是必需的。因此如何克服通向英语流利程度 的最后一道坎呢？使用以下的短语或技巧为任何电话情景做准备。 If you’re like most English learners, you find it difficult to make phone calls in English. But if you’re traveling abroad or working in a foreign company, using English on the phone is essential. So how do you conquer this last obstacle to fluency? Prepare yourself for any telephone situation with the following phrases and techniques. www.englishtown.com 11 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 “Please hold” is telephone language for “just a moment”. When you need to be transferred (connected) to another extension you’ll often hear: “Connecting your call...” or “Please hold, I’ll transfer you.”.” If you call a business at a busy time, you might hear only a brief, “Hello, please hold!” before the operator switches over to another line. Leaving a message 当你打电话的对象不在或不能接听电话时， 准备好留言。你可以使用〝vo i ce m a i l 〞 （ 电 子 录 音 系 统 ） 或 一 部 〝 a n s w e r i n g machine〞（在磁带上录音的一种机器）〞。如果你正和接线员讲话的话，他们会问：〝Would you like to leave a message?〞，”或者你可以说：〝May I leave a message?〞。如果想要对方回电话的话，千 万别忘了留你的电话号码。这被称作〝call back number〞。 When the person you’re calling isn’t available, be prepared to leave a message. You might use voicemail (a digital voice recording system) or an answering machine (a machine that records messages onto a tape). If you’re talking to an operator, they’ll ask: “Would you like to leave a message?” Or you can say, “May I leave a message?” Be sure to leave your phone number if you want the person to return your call. This is called a ‘call back number’. Asking the speaker to slow down 如果你不确定你能听懂所有的英语对话，一定要坦诚。直接告诉对方：〝My English isn’t very strong, could you please speak slowly?〞，大部分的人会赞许你的诚实并很高兴这么做。 If you’re not sure you’ll understand everything in English, be honest. Tell the speaker immediately: “My English isn’t very strong, could you please speak slowly?” Most people will appreciate your honesty and will be happy to oblige. Write it down 如果你觉得用英语打电话还有点紧张的话，把要讲的事先写下来将很有帮助。写出你需要讲的内容大 纲。你可以使用此提纲事先组织你的思绪并且如果在通话过程中有任何疑问的话也能作为借鉴。 If you’re nervous about telephoning in English, it’s helpful to prepare a script. Write out a brief outline of what you need to say. You can use it to organize your thoughts beforehand and as a reference if you get confused during the call. Remember your manners 在通话中使用文明礼貌的语言是非常的重要。在请求别人时请使用类似的短语，和〝Could you〞和 〝Please〞；并且总是记得以：〝Thank you〞个〝Goodbye〞 结束通话！ It’s very important to sound polite on the telephone. Use phrases like, ‘Could you’, and ‘Please’ when making requests. And always remember to finish a conversation with ‘Thank you’ and ‘Goodbye’! www.englishtown.com 12 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Know your email terms 英语电子邮件发送程序有很多的缩 写，如果你不知道意思的话，你给 老板要求加薪水的邮件就可能发给 了整个办公室！ English email programs use lots of abbreviations, and if you don’t know them, your email asking your boss for a raise might end up going out to the entire office! 〝Reply to all〞表示你的邮件将发 送给每一个收到原始邮件的人。在 邮件的地址栏内，〝cc〞 （〝carbon copy〞）部分是指邮件发给你指定的人，而〝bcc〞部分你可以悄 悄的发送邮件而不让其他的人知道──〝b〞的意思是〝blind〞（掩藏的）。 “Reply to all” means your email will be sent to everyone who received the original letter you’re replying too. In the address section of the email, the “cc” (carbon copy) section sends copies of the email to the people you indicate, while the “bcc” section lets you send copies discreetly – the “b” stands for “blind” (hidden). 如果有人要你〝forward〞封邮件，他们意思是要你通过转发的功能发送邮件，有时侯简写成〝fw〞。 If someone asks you to “forward” an email, they mean to send a copy of the email to them using the forward feature, which is sometimes abbreviated as “fw.” 写商务邮件往往要比口语简单：你不必担心发音，并且你可以慢慢的修改你的信件内 容。但是写的时候却需要记得几项规则。这儿有一些建议可以保证你的邮件给人留下好 印象。 Writing a business email is often easier than speaking: you don’t have to worry about pronunciation, and you can take time to edit your message. But there are some rules to remember when writing emails. Here are some tips to keep in mind to ensure that your email makes a good impression. www.englishtown.com 13 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Use the right greeting 尽管用〝hey〞作为写给朋友的电子邮件开场白没有任何问题，但是最好不要用这种方式来给一个潜在的 商务伙伴这样写信。另一方面，使用非常正式的传统开场白〝Dear Sir〞也已经越来越过时了。最好是写 〝Dear Mr. / Ms.〞，然后那个人的姓。如果你们一起工作的话，那就写他们的名字也没有关系。（例如 〝Dear John〞）。 Although opening an e-mail to your friend with “Hey” is fine, it’s best not to address a potential business partner that way. On the other hand, using extremely formal traditional phrases like “Dear Sir” is increasingly out of date. The best bet is to write “Dear Mr. / Ms.” and then the person’s last name. When you already have a working relationship, it’s fine to just use their first name (e.g. “Dear John”). Keep it short and clear 其他种类的语言可能需要用精美的词汇和复杂的句法来显示你的聪明才智和教育，而写英语邮件你只需 用一种清晰且有条理的方式。在邮件的第一段清楚的表明你写信的目的并条理清晰，每一段都有中心 句。使用类似〝first, second, next, and finally〞的词引导读者你将表述一个新的观点。你不需在邮件中 包括所有的详细内容。你可以用象〝If you have any other questions please feel free to contact me〞， 这样的短语来结束邮件，这样一来让读者有更多的机会询问更多的信息。 While in some other languages using elaborate and complicated structures shows your intelligence and education, write your English emails in a clear and organized style. Clearly introduce the purpose of your letter in the first paragraph and follow a clear structure in the main paragraphs with good introductory sentences in each. Using words like “first, second, next, and finally” are guides to the reader that you’re making a new point. You don’t have to describe all the details in your email. You can always end the email with a phrase like “If you have any other questions please feel free to contact me,” which invites the reader to ask you for more information.Be polite and tactful. 在你写邮件时尽量清晰的陈述所写的内容， 到底是邮寄鞋子的费用折扣还是一次工作面试，最好不要用 象〝I want〞，的词表示要求，〝I would like〞显得更尊重对方，并且〝I am interested in〞是提出请 求建议或寻求意见的好选择。 While it’s good to be clear when you’re writing an email asking for something, whether it’s a discount on a shipment of shoes or a job interview, it’s best not to use demanding words like “I want.” “I would like” is more respectful, and “I am interested in” is a good choice if you’re making an initial proposal or still exploring ideas. Always end the email correctly 〝I am looking forward to your reply〞、〝Thank you〞或者〝Sincerely〞都是给收信人留下好印象的 结尾方式 。 “I am looking forward to your reply,” “Thank you,” or “Sincerely” are all good ways to leave the reader with a good impression. www.englishtown.com 14 Administrator 线条 Administrator 线条 Enthusiasm 积极的态度能得到相当不同的效果！用以下的句子向老板主动要求承担更多的任务让你的热情充分表现 出来，〝I’d be happy to do that.〞 此外，通过问以下的问句来表现你非常乐意承担更多的责任，〝Is there anything else you’d like me to do?〞当然，当你的老板感谢你的工作时，用〝My pleasure〞来表 现出你真的很喜欢现在做的事！ A positive attitude can make a big difference! Make your passion known by volunteering for tasks using the phrase, “I’d be happy to do that.” Additionally, communicate willingness to take on responsibilities by asking, “Is there anything else you’d like me to do?” Of course, when your boss thanks you for y