Unit 6 section A

CONTENTSBEADCLead-inTextReadingTextUnderstandingThemeExplorationSummaryLessisMoreTellthestory“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟)toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage.InthelateyearsoftheQinDynasty(秦朝,221-206BC),XiangYu(项羽)launchedarebellion.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver(漳河),XiangYuorderedhissoldierstosinkalltheboatsandbreaktheircookingpots,leavingonlyathree-daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier.Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.XiangYu'sboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttogoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion.Afterninefuriouswar,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.?LessisMore2Doorcloser,areyou?Unit6SectionAFOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYrivaloptionsThetextstartswithaquestionaboutwhatXiangYu,aChineseimperialgeneral,woulddowhenfacing___________.(Para.1)TipsWhydidGeneralXiangYuorderhistroopstocrushtheircookingpotsandburntheirsailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver?(Para.3)Tips?toimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropponents.?toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles.PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen___________________aboutXiangYu.Facingchoicesofrivaloptions,hemadeanunusualdecision-orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships.Bydoingthis,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemy'sterritorybutopenedthewindowfor______________.PartI—(Paras.1-__)3windowsofopportunitywinningthebattleAccordingtoDr.Ariely'sbook,PredictablyIrrational,whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings?(Para.4)TipsHisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldn'tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe__________ofthestudentsatMIT.Throughconductinganexperimentonhuman's_____________,Dr.Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldn'tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.PartII—(Para.4)modernstoryirrationalbehaviorWhat'sthesignificanceofdoingtheexperiments?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentenabledpeopletoseewhyit'salwayssohardforthemtosay“NO”toanyopportunitythatcametothem.Ineverydaylife,peoplejustgiveexcusestokeepoptionsopen.What'sthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.TipsHowdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.TipsPartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthe___________________oftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudents_________.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents'________________.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon'tseethefuture_____________.PartIII—(Paras.5-__)9purposeandsignificancelosingmoneyirrationalbehaviorvanishingawayInthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10-12)TipsPeopleshould:?prohibitoverbooking,?reduceoptions,?delegatetaskstoothers,?giveawayideastootherstopursue.PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducing________________.suchasprohibitionofoverbooking,tryingtolessentheload,rememberingthelessonsof____________likeXiangYu,andkeepingthoseactivities_______________.unnecessaryoptionsdoorclosersenrichingourlivesWhatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartIIIconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif___________________.Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.moreisbetterthanlessDoorcloser,areyou?Whenfacedwith____options,XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision-maker.Hetookhistroopsmakinga_____intoenemyterritory.Tohistroops'___________,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,whichgavehistroopsonlyone_______:towinthebattle.Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside.TobecontinuedrivalraidastonishmentoptionThisstoryindicatesthatwhileclosingthedoorfordoingsomething,peoplemayopenthe_______forachievingsomethingmoresignificant.Throughconductinganexperimentonhuman's________behavior,Dr.Ariely,foundthatmanystudentsinhisexperimentjustcouldn'tbeartoseetheiroptions_______thoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemto______.Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon'tseethefuturevanishingaway.TobecontinuedwindowirrationalvanishletgoTosolvethisproblem,peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing___________optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives.Toconclude,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof_______________________toopen.opportunityandhappinessunnecessary1.Inyouropinion,whatisanirrationalbehavior?Givesomeexamples.Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic:?Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds,theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththisprice?Buyproductstheydon'tneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeinthetransaction.?Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething.2.Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeople'sirrationalbehavior??Ignorance—Peoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments.?Emotions—Peopletakeoffenseorgetangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs.?Stress—Itcreatesfeelingofanger,irritationandfrustration.?Blindbeliefs—Theyaretooconsciousaboutsocietyanditsreactionstothem.●Moreoptions,lessfocusedconcentration.●Morechoices,worsequality.●Everythinghastwosides.●Toomuchgreedendsupwithnothing.3.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnglishsaying“Lessismore”?6UNITTheendDoorcloser,areyou?