跨境电子商务物流供应链外文翻译文献（英文+中文）

文献信息：文献标题：SupplyChainsofCross-Bordere-Commerce（跨境电子商务供应链）国外作者：ArkadiuszKawa文献出处：《AdvancedTopicsinIntelligentInformationandDatabaseSystems》,2017.173-183字数统计：英文3507单词，18322字符；中文5561汉字外文文献：　SupplyChainsofCross-Bordere-CommerceAbstractAfeatureofe-commerceisworldwidecoverage.Almostanypersonorcompanycanbeacustomerofanonlineshop.However,thiscommonavailabilityisinpracticequiteapparent.Despitethedynamicdevelopmentofe-commerce,communicationinotherlanguages,theformofpayment,currency,legalandtaxconditions,aswellasthedeliveryofproductsremainbarrierstothefreecross-borderflow.Thearticlefocusesonthelastfactormentionedabove.Thelackofdeliveryofgoodstoadistantplaceorarelativelylongtimeandhighcostofprovidingthepurchasedproducthindersfurtherdevelopmentofe-commerce.Thisproblemcanbesolvedbyintroducinganintermediarythatconsolidatesshipmentsfrommanyretailersanddeliversthemtomanyclientsscatteredindifferentcornersoftheworld.Themaincontributionofthisarticleistodevelopamodelfacilitatingcooperationbetweenonlineshopsdealingwithcross-bordertrade.ThepurposeoftheideaistoreducecostsandacceleratethedeliveryofgoodsorderedabroadviatheInternet.Keywords:e-commerce,cross-border,supplychain,CEP(courier,expressandpostal)industry1.IntroductionTherapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,andthusalsoe-commerce,hascreatednewdistributionchannelsformanytrading,serviceandmanufacturingcompanies.AccordingtotheEuropeanCommission,e-commerceisoneofthemainfactorsleadingtobetterprosperityandcompetitivenessofEurope.Ithassignificantpotentialthatmaycontributetoeconomicgrowthandemployment.Itisexpectedthatitsfurtherdevelopmentwillhavefar-reachingeffects,perhapsevenexceedingthechangesthatconcernedtradeoverthepastseveraldecades.Physicalpresencewhileshoppingisbecominglessandlessimportant.Customersbuyproducts,placingorderselectronically,andthepurchasedgoodsaredeliveredtotheirworkplaces,homes,click&collectpointsandparcellockers.Placingorderinginthiswayreplacesthetriptoastore,andthedeliveryoftheconsignmenteliminatesthewaybackwiththepurchasedgoods.Incontrastwithtraditionaltrade,onlineshoppingisinseparablyassociatedwiththedeliverytothefinalcustomer(so-calledlastmile),i.e.themostcomplicatedandcostlyprocessinthewholesupplychain.Internetretailbusinessescarryoutaverylargenumberofsmallorders.Unfortunately,therearedelaysindeliveriesaboutwhichbuyersarenotinformedatall.Customersoftendonothavetoomuchinfluenceonthechoiceofthecompanythatwilldeliverthegoods,either.ThedeliveryofthegoodsismostfrequentlyperformedbyCEP(courier,expressandpostal)companies.Additionally,moreandmoreattentionhasrecentlybeenpaidtoexpandingbusinessactivitiesbeyondthebordersofasinglecountry.Sellerslookfornewbuyersabroad,whilecustomerswanttohaveagreaterchoiceofsuppliers.Atrendine-commercearises,then,whichisdefinedascross-bordertrade.ItisparticularlyevidentinthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Itisbasedonsellingproductstocustomerswhoarelocatedinanothercountry.However,itisrelatedtoseveralproblems,suchasahighcostandlongdeliverytime,languagebarriers,differentlegalregulationsandtaxes,etc.Thehighcostandlongdeliverytimeare,inturn,associatedwiththeaforementionedproblemofthelastmile,butalsowiththeproblemoftherelativelysmallflowofgoodsbetweencountrieswhichisrealizedbyasingleCEPoperator.Sotheeconomiesofscaledonottakeplaceyet.Therefore,thereisarealneedtooffere-commercetoretailersandto,indirectly,recommendcomprehensiveservicestotheircustomers,whichwouldinclude,ontheonehand,logisticsservicesinEurope,and,ontheotherhand,fullinformationonthequalityoftheservice.Theaimofthisarticleistodevelopamodelofanintermediaryfacilitatingcooperationbetweenonlineshopsdealingwithcross-bordertrade.ThismodelisexpectedtocontributetocostreductionandaccelerationofthedeliveryofgoodsorderedabroadviatheInternet.Thestructureofthearticleisasfollows.Section2describestheelectroniccross-bordertradeinEurope.Section3presentslogisticalproblemsine-commerce.Section4proposestheabove-mentionedmodel.Section5summarizesthearticleandpointstofuturedirectionsoftheresearch.2.Cross-bordere-commerceinEuropeCurrently,e-commercecanbedividedintoseveraltrendsinthefieldoflogistics,whichwilldeterminefurtherdevelopmentoftheCEPindustry.Theseare:reverselogistics,same-daydelivery,developmentofnewmodelsofcooperationinlogistics(dropshipping,fulfillment,one-stope-commerce),brokerservicesandcross-bordertransport.Thisarticlefocusesonthelattertrend.Cross-bordere-commercestillhasarelativelysmallshareinthewholemarketofe-commerce.In2014,approx.15%oftheEUinhabitantsmadeapurchasefromsellersfromadifferentcountry.Thisrepresentsanincreaseintheshareofthistypeoftradeby25%comparedtothepreviousyear.Noteverywhere,however,iscross-bordere-commerceequallydeveloped.Forexample,in2014only4%ofPolesmadeapurchaseontheInternetfromasellerlocatedinanothercountry,whichplacedPolandonthepenultimateplaceintheEuropeanUnion.MostforeignshoppingisdonebyLuxembourgers(65%)andAustrians(40%),andtheleastbyRomanians(1%).TheEUaverageis15%.Thetotalvalueofthecommoditycirculationine-commercewithinindividualcountriesandamongtheEUMemberStatesisestimatedatabout€241bn.Ofthisamount,€197bn(80%)aretradedondomesticmarkets.Onlyabout€44bn(18%)crossthebordersbetweentheEUMemberStates,andanother€6bn(2%)comefromimportfromcountriesoutsidetheEU.Itcanbeseenfromthesedatathatthepotentialofelectroniccross-bordertradewithintheEUstillremainsunexploited.Only8%ofcompaniesareinvolvedincross-borderselling.Managersoftheseenterprisesarguethatitistoocomplicatedandtooexpensive.Aspartoftheeffortstounleashthepotentialofe-commerce,theEuropeanCommissionhasadoptedapackageofproposalstostoptheunjustifiedgeo-blocking,increasethetransparencyofpackagedeliveryprices,andimprovetheenforcementofconsumerrights.3.Logisticsproblemsofcross-bordere-commerceThelogisticsofproductsofferedbyonlinestoresisoneofthebasicfactorsinfluencingtheconsumer'sdecisionaboutmakingpurchasesinthem.DeliveriesandproductreturnsareoneofthemostimportantissuesforbothonlineshoppersandonlinestoresintheEU.TheEuropeanCommissionindicatesthattheproblemliesinparticularincross-borderdeliveriesofpackagesrealizedfortheneedsofsmallandmediumenterprisesandthosesenttothelessdevelopedandlessaccessibleregions.Therefore,itputsalotofeffortintoincreasingtheavailabilityofe-commerceforallEUcitizensandbusinesses,regardlessoftheirsizeandlocation.AnotherproblemistherelativelylittleaccesstoinformationabouttheCEPmarket,inparticularabouttheavailableservices,operatorsandprices.Manycustomersknowonlycertainoperatorswhoseservicestheycoulduse.Inthecaseofcross-bordertransport,theycanchoosebetweenaninternationalcourierserviceoracommonserviceprovider,sothepostaloperator.Thismakesitdifficultfornewentrantstogainmarketshareandreducesthecompetitivepressureontheexistingoperators,whichinturnlimitstheincentivestoimprovetheservicequalityandleadstohigherprices.Currently,onlinestoressellingtheirproductsabroadincuraveryhighcostofshipping-dependingonthecountryitisupto5timeshigherthanthecostofaconsignmentrealizedwithinthecountry.Thelowerpriceoftheproductsolddoesnotoftencompensateforthecostofdelivery,whichdiscouragesbuyersfromabroad.Itisoneofthegreatestbarrierstothedevelopmentofcross-bordertradeconductedviatheInternet.Consumersandsmallenterprisesclaimthattheproblemswiththedelivery,inparticularthehighprices,preventthemfromincreasingthesalesorpurchasesinotherMemberStates.Foreignexchangeine-commercecouldbecompletelydifferentifthesecostsweresignificantlyreduced.Apartfromthecostofdelivery,anotherbarriertothedevelopmentofcross-bordere-commerceisthedeliverytime.Itresultsmainlyfromthedistancebetweenthevendorandthecustomer.Inmostcases(mainlyoutsidetheborderregions)itwillbemuchgreaterthaninthecaseofdomesticshipments.Ininternationaltrade,shipmentsoftenhavetoundergoadditionaloperations,gothroughagreaternumberofhubsandbranches,whichfurtherprolongsthetimeofdelivery.OperatingactivitiesofCEPcompaniesarebasedonthehubandspokeconcept.Itisasystemusedforthedistributionofsmallsizeorweightloads.Incontrasttodirectdeliveries,hubsareusedthatconnecttheindividualplaceswhereshipmentsarepostedandreceived.Thehubandspoke(H&S)conceptminimizesstoragecostsandreducestheindividualcostsoftransportation.Althoughasingleconsignmentistransportedoveralongdistance,thetotaldistanceforallshipmentscountedseparatelyisshorterthaninthecaseofdirectdeliveries.Thissolutionworksverywellforalargenumberofitemsthatarepostedandreceivedinmultiplelocations.Anexampleisdistributionwithinacountrywheremostlargecitiesareconnectedwithoneanotherbymeansofoneormorehubs.Fig.1illustratesthedeliverydistributionsystemwithinacountryXusingtheH&Ssystem.Inthiscase,customerAplacesanorderforselectedproductsatstoreS.Inthenextstep,Sperformspickandpackoperations,andordersacourierservicefromcompanyC.ThecouriercollectstheshipmentanddeliversittothelocalcargoterminalC1X.Then,theconsignment,togetherwithitemsfromnearbycities,istransportedtohubC.ShipmentsfromallbranchesacrossthecountryaredeliveredtohubC.Theyarethensortedandtransportedbylinehaul(usuallyatnight)tolocalbranches.Inthiscase,themerchandisegoestolocalcargoterminalC2X.InthemorningtheshipmentispickedupbyacourierfromthelocalbranchanddeliveredtocustomerA.Fig.1.HubandspokesystemindistributionwithinasinglecountryAsisshowninFig.1,thedistancetravelledbyashipmentismuchlongerthaninadirectconnectionfrompointStopointA.Thisextendsthedeliverytime,butsignificantlyreducestheunitcostthankstotheconsolidationwithotherconsignments.Customersmustwaitfortheorderedgoodsuntilthenextworkingday,but,inreturn,thecostofdeliveryisadozentoseveralhundredtimeslowerthaninthecaseofdirectdelivery.AproblemwiththeH&Ssystemoccursinthecaseofroutesalongwhichfewconsignmentsaretransported.Underutilizationofthevehiclecargospacecausestheunitcostoftransportationtoincreasesignificantly.Moreover,inthecaseofsmallpackages(whichprevailine-commerce)thetotalcostofdeliveryrisesconsiderablywhentheconsignmentpassesthroughmanylocalterminalsandhubs.Itisassociatedwithadditionalcostsofsortingandhandling.Suchacomplexandcostlysystemoccursinthecaseofcross-bordertransportation.Fig.2presentstherouteofdeliveryofthegoodsorderedbycustomerAinstoreS.InrelationtoFig.1,herehubCYhasbeenadded.AlthoughpointsAandSareclosetoeachother,theproductpassesthroughtheindividualpointsintheH&Ssystem,whichincreasesthetotalcostofthedelivery.DuetothefactthatthereisaverylittleflowofgoodsbetweentheCXhubandtheCYhub,thecargospaceinthemeansoftransportisnotfullyutilized.Inaddition,thefreightratesininternationaltransportarehigherthanindomestictransport.Furthermore,relativelylittlecompetition(thereareonlyafewenterprises)inexpresscross-borderdeliveriescausestheCEPoperatorstousetheirbargainingpower.Itallmakesthecostofcross-borderdeliveryseveraltimeshigherthanthatofdistributionwithinasinglecountry.Thisdiscouragescustomersfromorderinggoodsfromforeignonlinestores,whichdeepenstheproblemofunder-usedcargospace.Therefore,asolutionisneededtoovercomethisproblem,reducethenumberofthesortingandhandlingoperations,andthusreducethecostsofcross-borderdeliveries.Fig.2.Hubandspokesystemindistributionbetweentwocountries4.Exemplificationofthemodelfacilitatingcooperationbetweenonlineshopsdealingwithcross-bordertradeFig.3showsasimplificationofthecrossbordere-commercemarket.TherearetwoonlinestoreslocatedincountryX(S1andS2)andtwocustomersincountryY(A1andA2).A1ordersaproductinshopsS1andS2,andA2ordersinS2.ThestoresareseparatelyservedbytwoindependentCEPoperators(C1andC2).C1deliverstheshipmentstoA1throughitsH&Ssystem,whileC2-tocustomerA2.C2benefitsfromtheeconomiesofscaleanddeliversthegoodstogethertoA1andA2frompointS2tohubC2Y.ThentheshipmentsareseparatedanddeliveredtopointsC2Y1andC2Y2.Fig3.HubandspokesystemindistributionbetweentwocountrieswithtwocustomersandtwoonlineshopsInthecaseofasmallflowofshipmentsbetweenhubsC1XandC1Y,C2XandC2Ysuchasystemofdistributionofgoodsincross-bordere-commerceisineffective.Relativelyhighcostsofdeliveryofproductstocustomersappearduetotheunderutilizationofthecargospaceandalargenumberofthesortingandhandlingoperations.Thisproblemcanbesolvedbyintroductionofanadditionalentitytothecross-bordere-commerceintheformofaconsolidator.Intheliterature,suchanentityisdefinedasthefourthpartylogistics(4PL).Itmanagestheflowofinformationbetweenthesupplier,customerandlogisticsserviceprovider.TheconsolidatorproposedinthisstudyactsliketheCEPbrokers,alreadypresentonanumberofnationalmarketsforseveralyears.ThedifferencebetweenthemisthatthebrokeronlywinstransportordersandpassesthemontotheCEPoperatorwhichdecideshowtotransporttheconsignments;theconsolidator,inturn,additionallyselectsthecarriersfortheservice.Theconsolidatordoesnotpossessanymeansoftransport.Itcanbesaidthatitconfiguresatemporarysupplychainfortheneedsofasingletransaction.Theconsolidatorhasawebsitewhichenablestofindoffers,comparethem,monitorshipmentsandmakepayments.However,theconsolidatorautomatestheirbusinesswithcontinuouslycooperatingcustomersbyprovidingtheAPI(applicationprogramminginterface)andintegratingwithsalesplatforms.Suchplatformsgroupandsystematizeup-to-dateinformationaboutCEPservicesandprices,whichhelpsmakethedecisionaboutthecompanythatdeliversshipments.Onthebasisofspecificcriteriasuchastheplaceoforiginanddelivery,dimensionsandweightoftheparcel,theuserisgivenappropriatecross-bordertransportoffersbythesystem.Theconsolidator’ssystemautomaticallyrecommendstheshippingoptionsthatareadjustedtotheorderedproductstothecustomeroftheonlinestore.Forexample,foralargerpackagecourierormailservicesaresuggestedratherthandeliverytoaparcellocker.Dependingontheplanneddateofdelivery,thesystemmayofferdifferentprices.Expressdeliveriesbyairfreightwillbemoreexpensivethantheeconomicalroadtransport.Moreover,thesystemautomaticallygeneratestheshippingdocuments(pickinglisttothewarehouse,labelstobestuckonpackages),monitorstherealizationprocessandinformsthee-sellerandthecustomeraboutthecurrentstatusofthedelivery.Forcustomers,besidestime,certaintyofdeliveryoftheproductisimportant.Orderinginforeignstores,customersexpressconcernsnotonlyaboutwhen,butalsowhetheratallandinwhatconditiontheywillreceivetheshipment.Theymustthereforehaveconstantaccesstotheinformationaboutwheretheconsignmentislocatedandwhattheexpecteddateofdeliveryis.Thiswillbepossiblethankstothetrack&tracesystem.Theconsolidatordoesnotneedtoinvestininfrastructure,becauseitusestheresourcesofotherorganizations.Itskeytaskistherightchoiceofcarriersassignedtotheindividualroutesandtimesynchronizationoftheoperationofindividualvehiclesintheregionandbetweenregionsandoftheworkintheterminalsandhubs.Theconsolidator,collectingordersfromanumberofsenders,becomesa“big”customerofcourierandpostalcompanies.Thisincreasesthebargainingpowerandallowstogetmuchbettercooperationconditionsthanindividualcustomersareoffered,sendingsmallnumbersofshipments.Managingtheconsolidator‘sactivitiesorganizedinthiswayrequiresapplicationofcomplexITsystems.Suchasystemshouldintegratealltheterminalsandhubsofmanydifferentlogisticsserviceproviders.Thisrequiresinteroperabilitybetweenthesystems,andsomutualaccesstonecessarydata.Inaddition,standardizationoftheprocessesandtheusedinfrastructureisneeded.Forexample,shipmentsaretransportedincertainloadingunits,andthebarcodelabelsdescribingtheshipment(detailsofthesenderandrecipient,termsofdelivery,etc.)mustbeprocessedbythevariousentitiesdealingwiththeshipments.Allthedataconcerningtheshipmentsandcarriersareplacedinadatacloudbytheconsolidator.Thisensuresaccesstothesystemforallstakeholdersanywhereintheworld.Moreover,eachdriverisequippedwithanelectronicdevicewhichisusedtoscanthecodefromtheshipment,receiveinformationabouttheshipmentandsendthedata.Customersofconsolidatorsmaymainlybemicro,smalland,partially,medium-sizedcompaniesthatruntheirbusinessontheInternet,i.e.onlineshopsandsellersatonlineauctions.Fig.4showsthepatternofaconsolidator’soperationincross-bordere-commerce.Ineverycountryithasaccesstothehubs(IXandIY)whichareconnectedtothelocalterminals.Inpractice,thismaybemorethanonehub,andtheymaybelongtomorethanoneCEPoperator.Hubsbetweenindividualcountriesareconnectedbylinehauls.Theprocessinfig.4differsfromtheoneshowninFig.3inthatstoresS1andS2areoperatedbyoneconsolidatorIwhichselectsappropriatecarrierstocollectshipmentsfromshopsS1andS2anddeliverthemtohubIXthroughtheterminalsofthesecarriers-I1XandI2X.Then,theconsolidatedshipmentsaretransportedfromtheIXhubtotheIYhub.LoadsfromshopsS1andS2aretransportedtocustomersA1andA2byasinglemeansoftransport.Organizationofthetransportbetweenthehubsisdonebytheconsolidator,butitcanalsobedonebytheCEPoperatoritselfifitisabettersolution.Inthenextstep,unloading,sortingandshipmentofgoodsfromtheIYhubbylocalcouriercompanies(I1YandI2Y)tocustomersA1andA2takesplace.Asaresultofthisprocess,hubsC1XandC1YandthecarrierterminalC1Xhavebeeneliminated(compareFig.3and4).Thismakesitpossibletoachievethebenefitsintheformoffewerhandlingandsortingoperations.ThankstotheselectionofofferscompetitivetothoseoftheCEPoperatorsbytheconsolidatorthecostsoftransportationbetweentheterminalsandhubscan,inturn,bereduced.Fig4.Cross-bordere-commercewithaconsolidator5.ConclusionThemodelproposedinthestudysignificantlyreducesthenumberofthesortingandhandlingoperations.Itsolvestheproblemsoftheorganizationofinternationallogistics,andinparticulartheonewiththehighcostofdeliveries,byconsolidatingshipmentsfromvarioussendersdependingonthecountryofdelivery.Thiswillhelptoachievetheeconomiesofscale-theCEPoperatorcanofferbetterpriceconditionsforalargernumberofshipments.Additionally,thankstothesupportofthesupplychainbyasinglesystemitwillbepossibletotracktheshipments.Apartfromthepossibilitytolowerthecosts,thelimitednumberofoperationsreducestheriskofthegoodsbeingdamagedduringloading,unloadingandsoon.Moreover,theproposedsolutionisconsistentwiththeassumptionsoftheGreenPaperoftheEuropeanCommission,accordingtowhichtheattractivenessofpurchasesmadeovertheInternetisdeterminedbythreemainfactors:thepriceoftheproducttogetherwiththecostofdelivery,ensuredqualityofthedeliveryoftheproduct,andaccesstoinformationontheorderstatus.Inaddition,theEuropeanCommissionplacesgreatemphasisonintegrationofthesystemsofcompaniesthroughoutthewholee-commercesupplychain,particularlyamongsmallerCEPoperatorsinthefieldofcross-bordertransport.Increasedinteroperabilitycanacceleratetheexchangeofinformation,facilitatetheconsolidationoftheneedsfortransportation,parceldeliveryandinvoicing,developmultimodaltransportandreduceadministrativecosts.Thestudyherebyproposedageneralconceptofcross-bordere-commerceusinganintegrator.Thefurtherdirectionoftheresearchwillbethedevelopmentandverificationofthemodelinpractice.Forexample,alargernumberofcountriescanbeincludedinthemodel,thereverselogisticsprocessmaybeadded,orthecrowdsourcingsolutionscanbeusedforlocalcourierservicesetc.中文译文：跨境电子商务供应链摘要电子商务的一个特点是覆盖全球。几乎任何人或公司都可以成为网上商店的客户。不过，这种常见的实用性在生活中相当明显。尽管电子商务发展迅猛，但不同语言的交流、付款方式、货币、法律和税收条件以及产品的交付仍然是自由跨境流动的障碍。本文重点探讨了上述提到的最后一个因素。把货物运送到遥远的地方，或者购买产品的时间较长，成本高，阻碍了电子商务的进一步发展。这个问题可以通过引入一个中介来解决,他整合了许多零售商的出货量,并将它们交付给分散在世界不同角落的许多客户。本文的主要贡献在于开发一个促进网上商店处理跨境贸易的合作模式。这一想法的目的是降低成本,并加快通过互联网订购国外货物的速度。关键词：电子商务，跨境，供应链，CEP（急件，快递和邮政）行业1.引言互联网的飞速发展，以及电子商务的蓬勃发展，为许多贸易、服务和制造公司创造了新的分销渠道。据欧盟委员会介绍，电子商务是促进欧洲繁荣和竞争优势的主要因素之一。它拥有巨大潜力，能够有助于经济增长和就业。预计电子商务的进一步发展将会产生深远影响，甚至可能超过过去几十年来有关贸易的变化。购物时实体机构的存在变得越来越不重要。客户购买产品，以电子方式下订单，并将购买的商品运送到他们的工作场所、家中、门口或收集处、包裹储物柜。以这种方式进行订购取代了逛商店，而寄售货物的交货方式消除了购买商品后的返程。与传统的贸易相比，网购在与最终客户（所谓的最后一公里）的交付是密不可分的，即整个供应链中最复杂、最昂贵的过程。互联网零售企业开展了大量的小额订单。不幸的是，交货时间迟迟没有通知买家。客户往往对于交付货物的公司的选择也不会有太大影响。货物的交付通常由CEP（急件，快递和邮政）公司执行。此外，近年来越来越多的人关注在一个国家以外的地区开展业务活动。卖家在国外寻找新买家，而客户希望有更多的供应商选择。因此电子商务出现了一种趋势，那就是跨境贸易。这一点在欧盟各国尤为明显。它是以向另一个国家的客户销售产品为基础。不过，跨境贸易与诸如成本高、交货时间长、语言障碍、不同法律法规和税收等诸多问题有关。成本高和交货时间长，反过来又与上述最后一英里的问题有关,而且也与由单一的CEP运营商操作的国家间相对较小的货物流通问题有关。所以规模经济尚未发生。因此，向零售商提供电子商务，并间接地向客户推荐全面服务，一方面包括欧洲的物流服务，另一方面包括服务质量的全面信息，确实很有必要。本文的目的在于开发一种促进网上商店处理跨境贸易合作的中介模式。预计这一模式将有助于降低成本，并加快通过互联网订购国外货物的速度。文章的结构如下。第2节描述了欧洲的电子跨境贸易。第三节介绍了电子商务中的后勤问题。第4节提出了上述模式。第5节总结了文章，并指出了未来的研究方向。2.欧洲跨境电子商务目前，电子商务在物流领域可以分为几个趋势，这将决定CEP行业的进一步发展。这些是：逆向物流，同日交付，物流合作新模式的发展（直销业务，实现一站式电子商务），代理服务和跨境运输。本文重点介绍后一种趋势。跨境电子商务在整个电子商务市场中的份额依然较小。2014年，约15％的欧盟居民从不同国家的卖家手中购买了商品。与前一年相比，这类贸易的份额增加了25%。然而，并非所有地方都在发展跨境电子商务。例如，在2014年，只有4%的波兰人在互联网上从另一个国家的卖家手中购买商品，这使得波兰在欧盟中