完整word版英国文学期末必备复习题

Exercises:1.AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpireandthewithdrawalofRomantroopsfromAlbion,theaboriginal_Cletic____populationofthelargerpartoftheislandwassoonconqueredandalmosttotallyexterminatedbytheTeutonictribesof___Angles_,__Saxons__,and__Jutes___whocamefromthecontinentandsettledintheisland,namingitscentralpart__Anglio___,orEngland.2.Fornearly__400__yearspriortothecomingoftheEnglish,BritishhadbeenaRomanprovince.In__410_,theRomewithdrewtheirlegionsfromBritaintoprotectherselfagainstswarmsofTeutonicinvaders.3.Theliteratureofearlyperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,__pagan_and__Christian__.4.__ThesongofBeowulf__canbejustlytermedEngland'snationalepicanditshero_Beowulf___—oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.5.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceonthe_EuropeanContinent___approximatelyatthebeginningofthe_6th___century,whentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpartofthe__Scandinavianpeninsula__andmaintainedcloserelationswithkindredtribes,e.g.withthe__Danes__wholivedontheothersideofthestraits.6.AmongtheearlyAnglo-Saxonpoetswemaymention_Caedmon___wholivedinthehalfofthe___7th_centuryandwhowroteapoeticParaphraseoftheBible.7.__Caedmon__isthefirstknowreligiouspoetofEngland.HeisknownasthefatherofEnglishsong.8.ThedidacticpoemTheChristwasproducedby__Cynewulf__.9.Themostimportantworkof__a__istheAnglo-SaxonChronicles,whichisregardedasthebestmonumentoftheoldEnglishprose.a.AlfredtheGreatb.Caedmonc.Cynewulfd.VenerableBede10.Whoisthemonsterhalf-humanwhohadmingledthirtywarriorsinTheSongofBeowulf?ca.Hrothgatb.Heorotc.Grendeld.Beowulf11.___b_isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.a.Gynewulfb.Caedmonc.Shakespeared.AdamBede12.Theepic,TheSongofBeowulf,representsthespiritof_d__.a.Monksb.romanticistsc.sentimentalistsd.pagan13.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.1).Alliteration2).Epic14.PleasegivebriefdescriptionofTheSongofBeowulf.Exercise:1.Intheyear__1066__,atthebattleof_Hasting___,the___Normans_headedbyWilliamDukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.2.TheliteraturewithNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,__romantic__talesof___love_andadventures,inmarkedcontrastwiththe__strength__and__somberness__ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.3.EnglishliteratureofAnglo-Normanperiodisalsoacombinationof__French__and_Saxon___elements.4.Definestheliterarytermslistedbelow.(1)Anglo-NormanRomance(2)MiddleEnglishExercise:1.Inthe14thcentury,thetwomostimportantwritersare__WilliamLangland__andChaucer.2.Inthe15thcentury,thereisonlyoneimportantprosewriterwhosenameis__SirThomasMalory__.HewroteanimportantworkcalledMorted'Arthur.3.GeoffreyChaucer,the“__fatherofEnglishpoetry__”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondoninabouttheyear1340.4.Chaucer'smasterpieceis_TheCanterburyTales__,oneofthemostworksinallliterature.5.The_generalprologue__providesaframeworkforthetalesinTheCanterburyTales,anditcomprisesagroupofvividpicturesofvariousmedievalfigures.6.ChaucercreatedinTheCanterburyTalesastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaof_histimeandhiscountry___.7.TheCanterburyTalesopenswithageneral“prologue”wherewearetoldofacompanyofpilgrimsthatgatheredat__Tabard__InninSouthwark,asuburbofLondon.8.Chaucerbelievesintherightofmanto__earthly__happiness.9.Thenameofthe“jollyinnkeeper”inTheCanterburyTalesis__HarryBailey__,whoproposesthateachpilgrimofthe__30__shouldtelltwotalesonthewaytoCanterburyandtwomoreonthewayback.10.ThepilgrimsinTheCanterburyTalesareontheirwaytotheshrineof__St.ThomasBecket's__ataplacenamedCanterbury.11.Despitetheenormousplan,TheCanterburyTalesinfactcontainsageneral“prologue”andonly_24__tale,ofwhichtwoareleftunfinished.12.Incontradistinctiontothe__alliterative__verseofAnglo-Saxonpoetry,ChaucerchosethemetricalfromwhichlaidthefoundationoftheEnglish__Tonico-syllabic___verse.13.Whoisthe“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglish?bA.ChristopherMarlowB.GeoffreyChaucerC.W.ShakespeareD.AlfredtheGreat14.Whenhedied,Chaucerwasburiedin_a___thePoet'sCorner.A．WestminsterAbbeyB.NormandyC.CanterburyD.Southwark15.Chaucer'searliestworkofanylengthishis__c__atranslationoftheFrench“RomandelaRose”,whichwasaloveallegoryenjoyingwidespreadpopularityinthe13thand14thcenturiesthroughoutEurope.A.TroilusandCriseydeB.ARedRedRoseC.RomanceoftheRoseD.PiersthePlowman16.Chaucercomposesalongnarrativepoemnamed__b___basedonBoccaccio'spoem“Filostrato”.A.TheLegendofGoodWomenB.TroilusandCriseydeC.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightD.Beowulf17.Inhisliterarydevelopment,Chaucerwasinfluencedbythreeliteratures.Whichoneisnottrue?dA.FrenchliteratureB.ItalianliteratureC.EnglishliteratureD.Germanliterature18.Therearevariouskindsofballads_historical___,__legendary__,__fantanstical__,__lyrical__and___homorous__.19.Inthenumerous__borderballads__,theage-longstrugglebetweentheScotsandtheEnglishisreflected.20.Bishop__ThomasPerry__wasamongthefirsttotakealiteraryinterestinballads.21.RobinHood,a__Saxon__bybirth,wasanoutlaw,arobberbutherobbedonlytherichandnevermolestedthepoorandneedy.22.ThefirstmentionofRobinHoodinliteratureisinLangland's___PiersthePlowman__.23.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.(1)Ballad(2)Heroiccouplet24.CommentonGeoffreyChaucerandhisTheCanterburyTales.Exercise:1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof__feudal__relationandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof__capitalism__.2.Becausethewooltradewasrapidlygrowinginbulk,itwasstimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“__shapedevouredman__”.3.__KingHenrytheVIII__brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandAbbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsproclaimedhimselfheadof__ChurchofEngland__.4.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignof__QueenElizabethI__.5.TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaFlourishingofnationalcultureknownasthe__Renaissance__.6.__ThomasMore_wrotehis_Utopia__inwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofpeople'ssufferingsandputforwardshisidealofafuturehappysociety.7._ThomasWyatt__wasthefirsttointroducetheItaliansonnetintoEnglishliterature.8.EdmundSpenserwastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemof_TheFaireQueene___.9.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.(1)renaissance(2)SpenserianStanzaExercise:1.Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,and__Macbeth___aregenerallyregardedasShakespeare'sfourgreattragedies.2.Duringthe22yearsofhisliterarywork,Shakespeareproduced__37__plays,__2__narrativepoemsand__154___sonnets.3.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustusisoneof___ChristopherMarlowe__'sbestplays.oftenreferredtoas“thepoet'spoet”.4.__EdmundSpenser__is5.“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday”isoneof_Shakespeare's___bestknownsonnets.6.Inthe__Elizabethan__Period,WilliamShakespeareisthegreatestwriterofEngland.7.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow:DramaticIrony8.CommentonWilliamShakespeareandTheMerchantofVenice.9.CommentonWilliamShakespeareandHamlet.Exercises:1.PopedescribedFrancisBaconas“the_wisest__,_brightest__,__meanest_ofmankind”.2.Bacon'sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses,the_philosophy__,the__professional_,the_literary__works.3.ThefinaleditionofBacon'sessayscontains__58_essays.4.The17thcenturywasaperiodwhen_absolutemonarchy__impededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandandthe_bourgeoisie__couldnolongerbeartheswayof__landednobility_.5.ThegovernmentofJamesIwasa__despotism_basedonthetheoryofthedivinerightofkings.6.Therewerereligiousdivisionandconfusionandalongbitterstrugglebetweenthepeople'sParliamentandtheThrone---__Puritans_fightingagainstthe_Cavaliers__whohelpedtheking.7.Englandbecameacommonwealthundertheleadershipof__OliverCromwell_.8.After_OliverCromwell__'sdeath,monarchyasagainrestored(1660).ItwascalledtheperiodoftheRestoration____.9.TheGloriousRevolutionin_1688__meantthreethingsthesupremacyof_Parliament__,thebeginningof_modernEngland__,andthefinaltriumphoftheprincipleof_politicalliberty__.10.ThePuritansbelievedin__simplicity_oflife.11.TheRevolutionPeriodisalsocalled_thePuritanAge__,becausetheEnglishRevolutionwascarriedoutunderareligiouscloak.12.Definetheliteraryterm–Blankverse.13.ThefirstthingtostrikethereaderisDonne'sextraordinary_frankness__andpenetrating_realism__.Thenextisthe_cynicism__whichmarkscertainofthelighterpoemsandwhichrepresentsaconsciousreactionfromtheextreme__idealism__ofwomanencouragedbythePetrarchantradition.14.Donneenteredthechurchin1615,whereheroserapidlytobeDeanof_StPaul'sCathedral__,andthemostfamouspreacherofhistime.15.Milton'sfatherwasa__Puritan_,butnotsoharshasmostofthe_Puritans__ofhisday.16.Miltonopposedthe__Monarchic_partyandgaveallhisenergiestothewritingof__pamphlets_dedicatedtothepeople'sliberties.17.ParadiseLosttellshow__Satan_rebelledagainstGodandhow_Adam__and__Eve_weredrivenoutofEden.18.ParadiseLostpresentstheauthor'sviewinan_allegorical__,_religious__form.19.ThepoemParadiseLostconsistsof_12__books.20.ParadiseLostisbasedonthe__Bibelical__legendoftheimaginaryprogenitorsofthehumanrace---__Adam_and__Eve_,andinvolvesGodandhiseternaladversary_Santan__initsplot.21.InRevolutionperiod__JohnMilton__towersoverhisageasWilliamShakespearetowersovertheElizabethanAgeandasChaucerovertheMedievalperiod.22.Duringthecivilwarandthecommonwealth,thereweretwoleadersinEngland,Cromwell,themanofaction,and_JohnMilton__themanofthought.23.In1637MiltonwrotethefinestpastoralelegyinEnglish,“__Lycidas_”tomemorizethetragicdeathofaCambridgefriend.24.Miltonwrotehismasterpiece__ParadiseLost_duringhisblindness.25.CommentonJohnMiltonandhisParadiseLost.Exercise:1.MiltonandBunyanrepresentedtheextremeofEnglishlifeinthe17thcentury.Onegaveustheonlyepicsince_Beowulf___,theothergaveustheonlygreat_allegry___.2.Bunyan'smostimportantworkis_Pilgrim'sProgess___,writtenintheold-fashionedmedievalformof__allegory__and___dream_.3.InThePilgrim'sProgress,thestorybeginswithamancalled__Christian__settingoutwithabookinhishandandagreatloadonhisbackfromthecityof__Destuction__.4.Christianhastwoobjects,---togetridofhis__bureden__,whichholdsthesinsandfearsofhislife,andtomakehiswaytothe__CelestialCity_.5.JohnBunyangivesavividandsatiricaldescriptionof__VanityFair__whichisthesymbolofLondonatthetimeofRestoration.6.Theliteratureofthemiddleandlaterperiodsofthe17thcenturycultimatedinthepoetryof_JohnMilton___,intheprosewritingof__JohnBunyan__,andalsointheplaysandliterarycriticismof___JohnDryden_.Exercise:1.Nosoonerwerethepeopleincontrolofthegovernmentthantheydividedintohostileparties:theliberal_Whigs___,andtheconservative__Tories__.2.Anotherfeatureofthe18thcenturywastherapiddevelopmentof__sociallife__.3.TheEnlightenersbelievedinthepowerofreasonandthereforethe18thcenturyisalsocalled“theageof_Reason___”.4.TheEnlightenmentonthewholewasanexpressionofstruggleoftheprogressiveclassof_bourgeoisie__against__feudalism__.5.Theenlightenersrepudiatethefalsereligiousdoctrinesaboutthe__viciousness__ofhumannature,andprovethatmanisborn___kind_and__honest__,andifhebecomesdepraved,itisonlyduetotheinfluenceof_corrupted__socialenvironment.6.Itissimplyforconveniencethatwestudy18thcenturywritingsinthreemaindivisions:thereignofso-called__neo-classicism__,therevivalof__romatic_poetry,andthebeginningsofthe___modernnovel__.7.TheessaysandstoriesofAddisonandSteeledevotednotonlytosocialproblems,butalsoto__private_life_and__adventures__.8.Popewasamanofextraordinary__wit__andextensive__learning__,andhiscontemporariesconsideredhimasthehighest__authority__inmattersofliteraryart.9.TheimageofanenterprisingEnglishmanofthe18thcenturywascreatedbyDanielDefoeinhisfamousnovel__RobinsonCrusoe__.10.___AlexanderPope_istheleadingfigureofneo-classicismintheearlyperiodofthe18thcentury.11.RobinsonCrusoeislargelyan_adventure__story,ratherthanthestudyof__humancharacter__whichDefoeprobablyintendedittobe.12.InTheShortestWaywiththeDissenters,inaveinofgrim_humor__whichrecallsSwift'sModestProposalDefoeadvocatedhangingalldissentingministers,andsendingallmemberofthefreechurchesintoexile.13.ThefullnameofRobinsonCrusoeis__TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe__.14.ThestoryofRobinsonCrusoeitselfisrealenoughtohavecomestraightfromasailor's__logbook__.15.Robinsonnamed__Friday__tothesavedsavage.16.Definetheliteraryterm,PicaresqueNovels.Exercise:1.The18thcenturyinEnglishliteratureisanageof__Prose___.2.SwiftisbornofEnglishparentsin___DublinIreland___.3.Swiftwasthemostremarkable__satirist__inthe18thcenturywhocriticizedthenewbourgeois-aristocraticsocietyofhisagewithoutmercy.4.JonathanSwift'smasterpieceis__Gulliver'sTravels__.5.Gulliver'sadventuresbeginswith__Liliputians__,whoaresosmallthatGulliverisagiantamongthem.6.ThecountryinGulliver'sTravelsis__Houyhnhnms__,wherehorsesaretherealpeopleandhumanbeings,__Yahoos___aretheirfilthyservants.7.Inthecountryof__Brobdingnag__,Gulliverisbutpygmy.8.Gulliver'sthirdvoyageisoccupiedwithavisittotheflyingislandof__Laputa__.9.AModestProposalismadeto__English__governmenttorelievethepovertyof_Irish___people.10.TheTaleofaTubisasatireonthevarious__churches__oftheday.Exercise:1.HenryFieldingisthegreatestnovelistofthe__18th__century.2.Fielding'sfirstnovel,_JosephAndrews___wasinspiredbythesuccessofRichardson'snovelPamela.3.Fielding'slaternovelsare___JonathonWild___,thestoryofarogue,whichsuggestsDefoe'snarrative;__TheHistoryof_TomJones_,aFoundling_(1749)hisbestwork;and__Amelia____(1751),thestoryofagoodwifeincontrastwithanunworthyhusband.1.InhisworksFieldingstronglycriticizes__socialrelations__intheContemporaryEngland.5.FieldinghatesthathypocrisywhichtriestoconcealitselfunderAmaskof__morality__.6.Thelackof__spirituality__oftheagefindsthemostampleexpressioninhispage.1.ToreadMilton's__IlPenseroso__andGray'sistoseethebeginningandtheperfectionofthat“literatureofmelancholy”whichlargelyOccupiedEnglishpoetsformorethanacentury.8.TheauthorofthefamousElegyisthemostscholarlyandwell-balancedofalltheearly__romantic__poets.9.OliverGoldsmithwasoneofthemost__versatile__ofauthorandmadedistinguishedcontributionsinseveralliteraryforms.10.Goldsmithwasbornin__Ireland__,thesonofan__Anglican__clergymanwhosegenialityheinheritedandwhoseimprovidenceheimitated.11.As___essayest_,Goldsmithisamongthebestofthecentury.12.Asa__poet__hemakestherimingcouplesasnaturalandsimpleashisprose.13.TheDesertedVillageisa(n)__idylice__storyofthefamilyofaclergy-manaftertheyhavelosttheirmoneyandarelivinginpoverty.14.Goldsmith'stwocomedies,TheGood-naturedManandSheStoopstoConquermetwithoppositionbecausethefashionwasthenfor__sentimental__comedy.15.ThetwoplaysbySheridanand_Goldsmith___aretheonlyplaysofthe18thcenturythathavebeenkeptaliveuponthemodemstage.16.RichardBrinsleySheridanwas,likeGoldsmith,a(n)_Irish__man.17.Hisfamouscomedy,_TheRivals__,waswritteninhistwenty-fouryear.18.Sheridan'sfamouscomedy_TheSchoolofScadal___,writtenin1777,isconsideredhismasterpiece.19.Definetheliteraryterm,comedyofhumors.20.Ofalltheromanticpoetsofthe18thcentury,Blakeisthemostindependentandthemost_original___.21.ForgreaterpartofhislifeBlakewasthepoetofinspirationalone,followingnoman's__lead__,obeyingnovoicebutthatwhichbeheardinhisownmystic__soul__.22.Beyondlearningto__read__and__write__,hereceivednoeducation.23.Hisonlyformaleducationwasin__art__.24.At14,Blakeapprenticedforsevenyearstoawell-known__engraver__,JamesBasire.25.AfterthreeyearsatFelpham,BlakemovedbacktoLondon,determinedtofollowhis“__DivineVision___”thoughitmeantalifeofisolation,misunderstanding,andpoverty.26.TheunderlyingthemeinSongsofInnocenceistheall-pervadingpresenceofdivineand__sympathy__,evenintroubleandsorrow.27.In1790Blakeengravedhisprincipalprose,___TheMarriageofHeavenandHell_,inwhich,withvigoroussatireandtellingapologue,hetakesuphisRevolutionaryposition.28.The__SongsofExperienc__(1794)areinmarkedcontrastwiththeSongsofInnocence.29.Thebrightnessoftheearlierworkgivesplacetoasenseof_gloom___andmystery,andofthepowerof__evil__.30.InJerusalemwehaveexpoundedBlake‘stheoryof__Imagination__.31.Thegreatestof__Scottish__poetsisRobertBurns.32.In1786.whenhewas27yearsold,Burnsresolvedtoabandonthestruggleandseekpositioninthefar-offislandof__Jamaica__.33.Burnswrotesome__patriotic__poems,inwhichheexpressedhisdeeploveforhismotherland,suchas“MyHeart'sintheHighlands”.34.Burns'poetryboneoftheboneandfleshofthefleshofthe__Scottish__commonpeople