语言学树形图课后答案

www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com1树形图详细讲解网上的相对理想的树形图答案，注意正两点：1.短语和中心词在一竖线上2.含有形容词修饰语的名词短语的画法NPDetNANalittleboy1.Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.a)Theoldladysuddenlyleft.DetANQualVb)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.DetNVPDetNPDetNc)Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.DetNAuxAuxVDetNd)Heneverappearsquitemature.NQualVDegAwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com22.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeach.a)fullofpeopleAPAPNfullofpeopleb)astoryaboutasentimentalgirlNPNPPPDetNPNPDetANastoryaboutasentimentalgirlc)oftenreaddetectivestoriesVPQualVNPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com3ANoftenreaddetectivestorieswww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com4d)theargumentagainsttheproposalsNPNPPPDetNPNPDetNtheargumentagainsttheproposalse)movetowardsthewindowVPVPPPDetNmovetowardsthewindow3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.a)Thejetlanded.InflP(=S)NPInflVPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com5DetNPstVThejetlandedb)Marybecameveryill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVAPDegAMarybecameveryillwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com6c)Whatwillyoutalkabout?CPNPCSNInflNPInflVPVPNPVPNWhatwillyouetalkabouted)Theapplemighthittheman.SNPVPDetNAuxVNPDetNTheapplemighthitthemanORInflP(=S)www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com7NPInflVPDetNVNPDetNTheapplemighthitthemanwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com8e)Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.SNPVPNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsdetectivestoriesORInflP(=S)NPInflVPPresNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsdetectivestories4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.a)Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com9InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVNPDetANAfrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplanewww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com10b)Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVPPPNPDetANAhugemoonhungintheblackskyc)Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVPPPNPDetNAnunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeetingd)Anoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.InflP(=S)www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com11NPInflVPDetANPPstVPPANPNPDetANAnoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com12a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.InflP(=S)NPVPNAuxVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsORInflP(=S)NPVPNInflVNPDetANPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com13NCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsb)Helenputonherclothesandwentout.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com14ORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutc)Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com15NMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPresVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticswww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com16d)Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein.SSCONSNPVPNPVPDetNVAdvDetANVAdvThedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancameine)Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.SNPVPCPNVCSSCONSNPVPNPVPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com17NAuxVDetNAuxVCrusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.a)YouknowthatIhatewar.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPNVNPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com18NYouknowthatIhatewarwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com19ORCPCInflP(=S)NPInflVPCPNPresVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewarb)HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.SNPVPCPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com20NVCSNPVPCPNVCSNPVPDetNVLAHesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasoverwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com21c)Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNPVPNVPNPCPAuxNegVNPCSDetNNPVPNVNPDetANGerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexamwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com22www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com23d)ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNPVPCPNVLACSNPVPDetNVNPNPNDetNChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Roycee)Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNPVPCPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com24DetNVPCSVPNPVPNVNPNThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.www.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com25a)Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPInflVPNVNPNTheessayhewrotethatwastoolongSurfaceStructurewww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com26CPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPNPInflVPNNPstVNPNTheessaythathewroteewastoolongwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com27b)Thedogthathekeepsbites.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVCInflSPresNPVPNVNPNThedoghekeepsthatbitesSurfaceStructureCPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com28CSNPVPDetNCPVCSNPNPInflVPNNPresVNPNThedogthathekeepsebiteswww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com29c)Herbertfoundthemansheloved.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNCSNPInflVPNPNVNwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com30HerbertfoundthemanshelovedwhoSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNSCNPInflVPNPNPNVwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com31NNHerbertfoundtheman(whom)shelovedewww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com32d)Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCInflSNNPVPPPNQualVPNPVPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com33NThegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguisticsSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCSNNPNPInflVPPPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com34NNQualVPNPVPNThegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithemajorsinlinguisticswww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com358.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPAdvPNInflVAdvyouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCPCSVPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com36NPAdvPInflNInflVAdvwouldyouecometomorrowwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com37b)Canyoupassmethenewspaper?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPNPNInflVNDetNyoucanpassmethenewspaperSurfacestructureCPCSVPInflNPNPNPNInflVNwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com38DetNCanyouepassmethenewspaperwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com39c)Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPDetNInflVDetNthestudentsshouldreporttheincidentSurfacestructureCPCSVPInflNPNPwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com40DetNInflVDetNshouldthestudentsereporttheincidentwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com41d)Whatdidyoueatforlunch?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPNPNPNInflVPNNyoudideatwhatforlunchSurfacestructureCPNPCSwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com42VPInflNPPPNPNPNNInflVPNNwhatdidyoueeateforlunchwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com43e)Whoshouldthisbereportedto?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPVPNPNInflVVPNthisshouldbereportedtowhomSurfacestructureCPNPCSwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com44VPNInflNPPPVPNPNInflVVPNwhomshouldthisebereportedtoewww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com45f)WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPNPNPNInflVPNDetNHelenwasbringingwhattothepartySurfacestructureCPNPCSwww.enmajor.com/www.tem4.com46VPNInflNPPPNPNPNInflVPNDetNwhatwasHelenebringingetotheparty