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【英语】最全英语语法归纳

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【英语】最全英语语法归纳2015高考英语语法----超级归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,...

【英语】最全英语语法归纳
2015高考英语语法----超级归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn't______Mr.Smithhere.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A.不填B.aC.theD.oneThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.(活雷锋)6用于固定词组中acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.success(抽象名词)→asuccess(具体化)成功的人或事afailure失败的人或事ashame带来耻辱的人或事9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前apity可惜或遗憾的事amust必需必备的事agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知识II.定冠词的用法InmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansof1表示某一类人或物transportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于演奏乐器playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法5)—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)11用于表示度量单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.1第1页共41页12用于方位名词,身体部位名词Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdriving6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前across______continent.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词国名地名人名,团体机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.花儿个体名词②Thetreesarenowinflower开花抽象名词①Youthisbeautiful.青春抽象名词②Heisayouthoftwenty年轻人个体名词①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.成功抽象名词②—HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?成功的事个体名词—Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Ironisakindofmetal.铁物质名词②Pleaselendmeyouriron.熨斗个体名词①Hebrokeapieceofglass.玻璃物质名词②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃杯个体名词①Iboughtachickenthismorning小鸡个体名词2第2页共41页②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换①—I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.—Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息(抽象名词)具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某A.aB.anC./D.the些动词(如:have等)连③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?话(个体名词)用,表示某一次短暂的动作A.aB.anC./D.the类例:haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(进步)/makeanearlystart(早点出发)/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(发出痛苦的叫声)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,theaknowledgeoftruth(知道实际情况)表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)普通名词时可以用来表示haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速记的知识)其中的一部分②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰其它例子:Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请看下表规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice3第3页共41页2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staffaudience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),6复数形式表示特别含义sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese7表示“某国人”以-man或-woman结尾的改为Englishmen,Frenchwomen-men,-women将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends8合成名词无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.主谓一致规则情况举例Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.语TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单法用复数形式。数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.一由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式LucyandLilyaretwins的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物Thewriterandartisthascome.时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.果分别有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manyaManyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。致(an)either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的复合不Noboyandnogirllikesit.4第4页共41页定代词,都作单数看待。.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter原若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.则Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;如果它HisfamilyarewatchingTV.(他的家人)指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式Classfourisonthethirdfloor.(四班)ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.(四班的学生)Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therest此外,还有anumberof+复数名词有类似的用法(用复of/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词数),但thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定(用单数)。而定。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?逻What,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyou复数,主要靠意思来决定。gotapen?5第5页共41页辑Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.Allhavegoneto意Beijing.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..义表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用Twentypoundsistoodear.单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如强调这类词的复数意义,则谓语动词要用复数形式一Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.致用单数形式。“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.原动词要用单数形式。一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physicsThepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.这家造纸厂建于以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为则1990年。单数名词,Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语Myglassesarebroken.时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.时(clothes被asuitof修饰)谓语动词用单数。“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人动词用复数;若表示某Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.一类东西时,动词用单数。Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.also,whetheror连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.近一致。Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?就therebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.是由连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即近andThereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.就近一致。/远Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,has一cometoChina.致Awomanwithababywasonthebus.原主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellNobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.则as,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongShe,likeyouandTom,isverytall.with,including,inadditionto等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.三、代词6第6页共41页I.代词可以分为以下八大类主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them1人称代词形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs2反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves3指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some4疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever5关系代词/连接代词that,which,who,whom,whose,asone/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/a6不定代词littleother/another,all/both,neither/either7相互代词eachother,oneanotherII.不定代词用法注意点类别区别例句①We’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.one可以泛指人或者事(东西),其复A.oneB.onesC.itD.them数为ones②Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.those—Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!—It’sfromMexico.Wouldyoulikesome可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到________?肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittle①Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrecttheone,some,mistakes,ifany.some和any修饰可数名词单数时,any和it②—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?some表示某个,any表示任何一个—________wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoand指同类中的一个,指代同一种类oneitborrow?的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、—No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.形式宾语和用于强调句型中。A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it①There’s________cookingoilinthehouse.Wouldyougotothesome多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问cornerstoreandget________.句和否定句A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,anyC.alittle,someD.alittle,any②Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenouse7第7页共41页for________.A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each③Hedoesn’thave_________furnitureinhisroom--justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.much①Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个Each(ofus)hasadictionary.=Weeachhaveadictionary.each和every或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上②Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.等于,作定语。作nonotanynone①Thereisnowaterinthebottle.主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用none和no②Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以③Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:theotherday,every①Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.otherA.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.eachweek,someotherreason,no②Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheotherway,exam.theother特指两者中的另外一个,复other和数为theothersanother①Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave______onethismonth.another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,A.theotherB.someC.anotherD.other复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或②Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/some事”others.③Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.①—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?—______,Ireallydon'tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.alleither和前者意思为:两者都(两者中任何一方②ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich_____ofneither都);后者意思为:两者都theparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each四、形容词和副词I.形容词1.形容词的位置:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况下后置修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词1nobodyabsent,everythingpossible时thebestbookavailable,theonlysolution2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后possible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等作定语时后置theonlypersonawake8第8页共41页4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith______totakehisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(NMET2000)7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置,但修饰形容词或副词时要后置A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbreavestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave注意:多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。规则:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(小)+shape(形状)+age(年龄、时间)+color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词。▲This________girlisLinda’scousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语Ashelookedatthegoat,itrolledover,dead.当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身,死了。Afraidofdifficulties,theyprefertotaketheeasyroad.由于害怕困难,他们宁愿走好走的路。II.副词的分类:soon,now,early,finally,once,always,often,frequently,seldom,1时间副词5频度副词recentlyneverhere,nearby,outside,upwards,2地点副词6疑问副词how,where,when,whyabovehard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,how,when,where,why,whether,3方式副词7连接副词reallyhowever,meanwhilealmost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,4程度副词8关系副词when,where,whyratherIII.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。9第9页共41页项目例句Sheisastallashermother.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级(+than)”Ihaveneverseensuchamoreinterestingfilm(thanthis的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。one).表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmakeIhaveneverspentamoreworryingday.用比较级来表达最高级的意思我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。(意为:我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)表达法一:Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。表达法二:Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.倍数的表达AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法三:Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.注意:1.可以修饰比较级的词有:much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal;2.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect,superior,junior等。五、动词和短语动词知识网络行为动词(实义动词)①及物动词(带宾语):study,develop;动词的分类②不及物动词(不带宾语)work,swim,go,come③状态动词(相对静止)contain,exist,own,prefer,belong④动作动词:延续性(work,stay);非延续性(marry,go,come)10第10页共41页连系动词(汉语中没有这种词类)助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall情态动词can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异ringback回电话ringoff挂断电话ringup打电话putaway放好puton穿,上演putup挂起,举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点breakout发生,爆炸carryout进行,开展goout熄灭handout分发letout放出lookout当心sellout卖完setout出发,takeout取出workout算出动词+介词(及物)I'mlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。lookafter照料,lookat看,lookfor寻找动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。考点聚焦及解题点拨从三个方面考虑:词的恰切含义、搭配(与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配)和用法(是及物动词还是不(单个动词)同义词近义词辨析及物动词)状态系动词be系动词的用法持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest表象系动词seem,appear11第11页共41页感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come终止系动词prove,turnout解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。特别关注:gohungry,cometrue,turnwritergivesb.sth=givesth.tosbbuysb.sth.=buysth.forsb接双宾语的动词但是我们只能说:suggeststh.tosb.explainsth.tosb.readsth.tosb.短语动词的辨析熟记常考的短语动词的意义sell,write,wash,wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义容易被我们忽视的知识点happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,comeout,belongto等无被动形式六、动词的时态和语态1.常用常考的动词时态和用法:(以do为例)名称构成用法1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。I’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.do/does,(连系动词一般现在时Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.is/am/are)3.在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Therecomesthebus.汽车来了。Hereshecomes.她来了。表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时一般过去时did,(连系动词was/were)间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。1.表示正在进行的动作。2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京。现在进行时is/am/aredoingHeisworkingasateachertomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。12第12页共41页3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.长江江水滚滚向东流。Thesunisrisingintheeast.太阳从东方冉冉升起。1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行过去进行时was/weredoingTheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.4.表示过去将来动作Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已完成的动作。Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears.Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.3.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/hasbeento”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/hasgoneto”。—WhereisLiHua?-Hehasgonetothereading-room.—SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.现在完成时has/havedone-Shehasbeenthere.4.短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说:Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用①“ago法”Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.②“延续法”Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.③“since法”Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.13第13页共41页1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup.Everythinghadbeenallrightuptillthismorning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。过去完成时haddoneAttheageoften,hehadlearned500Englishwords.Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。将来完成时will/shallhavedoneWewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下现在完成进行时has/havebeendoing去)的动作。Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻过去完成进行时hadbeendoing才完成,还将继续下去。will/shalldo一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况一般将来时is/am/aregoingtodo(详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较)is/am/are(about)todo1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京。would/shoulddoIwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.过去将来时was/weregoingtodo有人告诉我他准备回家。was/were(about)todo2.woulddo(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常Hewouldsitsilentforhours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较将来时用法例句go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划Heismovingtothesouth.1be+doing进行时表将来即将发生的动作AretheyleavingforEurope?Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.2beaboutto+动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语Themeetingisabouttoclose.3beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’retomeetattheschoolgateat14第14页共41页noon.Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.4一般现在时表将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.3.容易混淆的时态比较项目区别例句Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened现在完成时强调过去动作对说明:说话者强调Jane目前的状况.现在产生的影响或造成的结Mr.Lee,who________asacarpenterforover10years,isnowavery果famousstatesmaninthiscountry.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.workedD.works(只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在)Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_________here?A.don’tknow;wereyouB.hadn’tknown;areyou一般过去时只表达过去的动C.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeen作或状态说明:didn’tknow强调见面前不知道Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住)着重表示动作的结果时,用现Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。(知道那本书的内容)在完成时—Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较着重表示动作一直在进行,即—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.动作的延续性时,则用现在完A.paintedB.hadpainted成进行时C.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted说明:强调动作从过去到现在的延续Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.现在进行时表示现在某个时A.justhelpout;comesB.havejusthelpedout;willcome候或某段时间正在进行的动C.amjusthelpingout;comesD.willjusthelpout;hascome作说明:指目前一段时间正在发生的动作,until引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。现在进行时与过去进行时的比较—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.过去进行时表示某个时候或A.I’mnotnoticing.B.Iwasn’tnoticing.某段时间正在进行的动作C.Ihaven’tnoticed.D.Idon’tnotice.说明:对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.一般过去时只表达过去的动Tom________intothehousewhennoone___________.一般过去时与过去进行时的比较作或状态A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticed15第15页共41页C.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed说明:slip和notice为同时发生的动作,因此B、C为错误选项,slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),whennoonewasnoticing指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinished过去进行时表示某个时候或C.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish某段时间正在进行的动作说明:正确选项为B.从Idon’tknowifhehasfinishedit.推断,他去年一直在写。II.动词的被动语态常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/aredone6过去进行时was/wer
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