护理学专业英语听力原文及习题答案

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#KeytoExercisesUnit1ListeningTaskF2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T7.FScript:NursingProfessionalismTipsAnurseisakeylinkbetweenahospitalpatientandadoctor,providingcare,informationandarangeofimportanthealthservices.Inthatrole,anursemustmaintainasenseofprofessionalismanddecorumwithbothpatientsandhospitalstaff.Agoodprofessionalnursewillhaveprideinherworkeveryday,evenwhensheistiredorhasworked12hoursinarow.Thismeansgoingaboveandbeyondthecallofdutywhenneeded.Inaddition,nursesshouldtakeprideintheirappearance,prideintheirmedicalknowledgeandprideintheirinteractions,showingdedicationbothtojobandpatients.Anurse'sbedsidemannerisanimportantaspectofoverallprofessionalism.Anursemustbefriendlyandconsiderate,agoodlistener,respectfulandresponsive.However,professionalnursesshouldnottrytobecomebestfriendswiththeirpatientsortellpatientstheirlifestories.Agoodbedsidemanneralsoinvolvesprofessionaldistance.Askingpatientshowtheyarefeelingtodayisfine,butanursediscussingthesordiddetailsofherownterribledayisnot.Nursesalsoexhibitprofessionalismwhenpitchinginasateam.Thismightmeanworkinglateoneday,changingshiftswithanothernursewhohasapersonalissuetoresolveorevenassistingnursesinotherdepartmentsifthereareshortages.Nursesmustworkaspartofacareteamthatincludesdoctors,physicaltherapists,psychiatristsandothernurses,aswellasotherhealthcareprofessionalswhosegoalistohelppatientsrecover.Nursesshouldmaintainalleducationalandcertificationrequirements.Thismeanstakingcontinuingeducationcoursesasneededandpursuingadditionaleducationininterestareastobolsterskillsandknowledge.TextAReadingComprehension1.D2.A3.A4.C5.DII.WordstoPractice1.community6.Academic2.competency7.remedies3.sponsored8.overload4.incorporate9.dilemma5.demographic10.ethicalIII.TranslationA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.以患者为中心的照护不仅仅是简单地告诉患者有关的诊断，可能的治疗，或者是健康行为。它不是指给患者他们想要的，而是患者需要医务工作者的指导，他们期望的是在完全知情没有偏差信息的情况下了解可能的选择、利益及风险。2.专家在描述 护理 卵巢癌的护理查房优质护理服务内容doc优质护理服务内容肺癌的护理常规消毒供应室优质护理 未来和科学技术带来的影响时，呼吁护理教育改革，培养护士具备基本的能力，以改善护理质量和患者安全。建议的基本能力包括提供以患者为中心的护理能力；多学科合作团队中合作的能力；用循证指导护理实践的能力；管理工作程序和决策的能力B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Manyinjuriesanddeathsarepreventableinmedicalinstitutionsandthekeymeasureistoimprovethequalityofmedicalservices.2.Nursesoftenworkoverloadbecauseofnurseshortagewhichnotonlyinfluencesthequalityofnursingcare,butalsoaffectsnurses'healthstatus.3.Evidence-basedpracticerequireshealthcareprovidersusethebestevidencesatclinicalpractice.4.Thepatientsarebecomingmoreknowledgeableaboutthediseaseandhealthinformation,andaremoreawareoftheirmedicalrights.5.Peoplefromdifferentculturalandethnicbackgroundsrespondtothediseaseandtreatmentdifferently.TextBAnswerstotheQuestionsUrinarytract,surgicalwounds,pneumonia,andsepticemia.Havemultiplecomorbidities.Steriletechnique.Handwashing.10to15seconds.After-classListeninglifelonglearningotherdisciplinesthephilosophyofnursingshort-termandlong-termahighqualityofpatientcareyourpersonal…carexperiencesleadershipskillscontinuingyoureducationScript:HowtoSetProfessionalNursingGoalsIfyouwanttogrowinyourcareerasanurse,youmustbemotivatedtoengageinlifelonglearning.Althoughyourprofessionalnursinggoalswillbesignificantlyinfluencedbyyourownpersonalvalues,nursingeducationatalllevelsmustbeexpandedtoincludetraininginotherdisciplines.Anexpectedshortageofnursesislikelytoincreaseinjobopportunities,sopreparingforanursingcareerwillinvolvemuchmorethanbroadgoals.Askyourselfwhatthephilosophyofnursingmeanstoyou.Defineyourprioritiesastheyapplytopatientcare.Determinewhetheryouhavethenurturingqualitiesneededtoplaceconcernforyourpatientsaboveallelse.Decideifattainingaclinicalspecializationwillhelpyouachieveyourpatientcaregoals.Findoutifanorganizationforwhichyouwanttobeemployedsharesthesamephilosophyofcareandprofessionalaccountabilitythatyoudo.Differentiatebetweenshort-termandlong-termcareergoals.Writedownthegoalsyouwanttoachieveonpaperasareminderaboutwhereyouwanttobeinyourcareerwithinaparticularperiodoftime.Makeyourambitionseasiertomanagebysettingsmallergoalsasyouworktowardreachingalargerone.Forinstance,ifyouwanttoworkasanurseoutsideofthetraditionalhospitalsetting,youmayneedtogetadditionaltrainingorgoontoearnanadvanceddegree.Havinganadvanceddegreewillmakemorejobopportunitiesavailabletoyou.Preparetoprovideahighqualityofpatientcare.Inordertoaccomplishthisgoal,youwillneedtotreat,educate,advocateforandsupportyourpatients.Ifyourprofessionalgoalsincludeofferingdirectpatientcareservices,youwillneedtodevelopcertaintechnicalskillsasthetreatmentmodalitiesavailablebecomemoretechnologicallyadvanced.Learnfrombothyourpersonalandcareerexperiences.Surroundyourselfwithotherswhosharesimilargoals.Askothermoreexperiencedprofessionalsinthemedicalfieldtoactasyourmentors.Thesepeoplecanofferguidanceinwhatyoucanexpect.Theycanalsoprovideyouwithsupportduringdifficulttimes,astheabilitytoeffectivelymanagestressisessentialforsomeoneworkinginthefieldofnursing.Developleadershipskills.Dependingonthelevelofyournursingeducation,youmaybeexpectedtocoordinateandmanagecareteams,inwhichcaseyoumustdelegatespecificresponsibilitiestootherteammembers.Teamworkisrequiredtoprovideapatientwithanappropriatecontinuityofcareonadailybasis.However,beforebeingabletomanageapatient'soverallplanofcare,anursemusthavemoreadvancededucationaltrainingandspecializedexperience.Investincontinuingyoureducation.Takingclassestosharpenexistingprofessionalskillsorgetcertifiedinspecializedareaskeepsyouup-to-dateonnewmedicaldevelopmentsandchangesinyourfield.Continuing-educationclassesofferyoutheopportunitytorefreshyourskillsandlearnaboutnewtreatments.Attendingclassesandeducationalseminarsalsooffersyoutheopportunitytonetworkwithandlearnfromotherprofessionalsinyourfield.Seeinghowothersdefinetheirpurposecanhelpyouformulateyourowngoalsmoreclearly.Unit2ListeningTaskF2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T7.TScript:EthicalTheoriesinNursingPracticeHealthcareincludesthreemaingroupsofparticipants:thepatient,thefamilyandtheproviders.Althoughthismaysoundsimple,thesegroupsoftenhavedifferentviewsonhowissuesshouldbehandled.Thesituationcomplicateswhenconsideringbioethics,thetheoryofphysicians,nurses,socialworkers,psychiatrists,philosophersandsocietycomingtogethertoaddressethicalquestionsinhealthcare.Ethicalcodesaimtofindtheproperbalancebetweentechnologyandhumanlife.Nursescarrytheburdenofanalyzingtheworthofhumanlifeandthevaluesofthemselves,theirpatientsandothers.TheAmericanNursesAssociationCodeofEthicsoutlinesmanyfactors.Thefirstprovisionstates“thenurse,inallprofessionalrelationships,practiceswithcompassionandrespectfortheinherentdignity,worthanduniquenessofeveryindividual,unrestrictedbyconsiderationsofsocialoreconomicstatus,personalattributes,orthenatureofhealthproblems."Theprovisionscontinuestatethatthenurseisresponsibleforthepatientandmuststrivetoprotecttherightsofthepatient.TheInternationalCouncilofNursesalsohasanICNCodeforNurses,statingthatnurseshavefourfundamentalresponsibilities:“topromotehealth,topreventillness,torestorehealthandtoalleviatesuffering."Thiscodeputsthepeoplerequiringnursingcarefirst.Thefirstmajortheoryusedinnursingistheteleologicaltheory,whichsuggeststhattheoutcomedefineswhatismorallygood.Inotherwords,whatisthebestthingtodothatwillresultinthemostgoodforthemostpeople?Thesecondmajortheoryisthedeontologicaltheory,whichsuggeststhatacertaindecisionisrightifitiswhatmostpeopleconsidermoral.Also,whatrightsdothepeopleinvolvedhaveandwhoserightssupersedetherightsofothers?Anothermajortheoryistherelationaltheory一howdoesanurse'scaringinfluenceanurse'sactionorbeliefaboutwhattodo?Inotherswords,themorallygoodactistheonethatshowscaringandconcernforotherpeopleandwhatmightbeimportanttothepatient.Ethicalcodeswerecreatedtoprotectqualityoflife,patientinterest,informedconsentandalternativetreatmentoptions.Nursesaredirectlyresponsibleforallofthese,thusthenecessityofethicalcodes.Healthcareproviderscanbeheldlegallyandmentallyresponsibleifthereisafataloutcometotheirtreatmentdecisions,soeachoptionmustbeweighed.Manynursesareexpectedtovalueequality,freedom,justiceandtruth,buttreatmentdecisionscannotbemadesolelybynurses.Ethicalcodesinconjunctionwithotherhealthcareprovidersandlawsprotectingpatientsrightsandconfidentialityaimtocreatetheperfectbalanceoftechnologyandhumanlife.TextAReadingComprehensionA2.A3.C4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.D10.CWordstoPractice1.anterior2.lateral3.posteriorauscultationinspirationexpiration9.trachea4.percussion5.palpation10.diaphragmTranslationA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.双侧对比以确定气管位置，检查是否居中或有无偏移。分别在深呼气和深吸气后叩击出膈肌所处平面，用厘米(cm)为单位标示两者之间距离，从而确定膈肌移动度。B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Safeworkenvironmentprovidesmasks,goodventilation,andfreedomfromsecond-handsmoke.Deeppalpationisusedtoassessorgansize,detectmasses,andfurtherassessareasoftenderness.Directauscultationislisteningforsoundswithoutastethoscope,butonlyafewsoundscanbeheardinthisway.Aresonancewillchangetodullnessonceyoureachtheleftborderoftheheart.Inspectionisthemostfrequentlyusedassessmenttechnique,butitsvalueisoftenoverlooked.TextBAnswerstotheQuestionsFallsamongolderpeoplerepresentamajorpublichealthproblemwithsubstantialmedicalandeconomicconsequences.Whenfallsarereported,thefirststepistoassessand,ifnecessary,treatacuteinjuriesandenvironmentalhazards.Thepatientand,ifapplicable,witnessesorcaregiverscouldbeaskedindetails.Theeffectivefallsstrategiesshould:beacceptableandapplicabletotheaffectedpopulationapplicability;alteroutcomeintermsoffallsandfall-relatedinjuries;becost-effective,andbereadilyapplicabletoeverydaypractice.5.Fallpreventioninterventionsincludeareviewofolderpatients'medicines,andtheenvironmentalhazards,aswellasevaluationandtreatmentofbloodpressure,visionproblemsandmentalstatuschangesincludingdepression.Besides,exerciseprogrammes,psychologicalsupportandavarietyofriskassessmenttoolscouldbeuseful.After-classListeningheartfailurestrokekidneyfailureloweringdietarysodiumabout3.7gramsofsaltregulatingthesaltcontentready-to-eatfoodseducatingthepublicreductionsinstrokecoronaryheartdiseaselowermortalityratesupto$24billioninayearScript:TheHealthBenefitsofCuttingSaltHighbloodpressure,orhypertension,isaseriousconditionthatcanleadtocoronaryheartdisease,heartfailure,stroke,kidneyfailureandotherhealthproblems.About1in3adultsintheUnitedStateshashypertension.Bloodpressurecanbereducedbyloweringdietarysodium.Expertsrecommendthatpeopleconsumelessthan2,400milligramsofsodiumaday一that'swhat'sinabout6gramsofsalt,oraboutateaspoon.Peoplewithhighbloodpressureshouldshootfor1,500milligramsorless一about3.7gramsofsalt.However,theaveragemanintheUnitedStatestakesinover10gramsofsaltperdayandtheaveragewomanover7.Whilesomedietarysodiumcomesfrompeoplesprinklingsaltontheirfood,aboutthree-quarterscomesfromprocessedfood,includingbreadsandcereals,dairyproductsandprocessedmeats.Tolimitdietarysodium,peopleneedtoreadfoodlabelscarefully.Somecountrieshavereducedtheirpopulations'saltintakebyusingvariousstrategies,suchasregulatingthesaltcontentinprocessedfoods,requiringlabelsonready-to-eatfoodsandeducatingthepublic.ResearchersledbyDr.KirstenBibbins-DomingoattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,setouttoexplorethepotentialimpactofamodestreductionindietarysaltonthehealthoftheU.S.population.AsreportedintheJanuary20,2010,onlineeditionoftheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,thescientistsfoundthatreducingsaltintakeby3gramsperdaycouldcutthenumberofnewcasesofcoronaryheartdiseaseeachyearbyasmanyas120,000,strokeby66,000andheartattackbynearly100,000.Itcouldalsopreventupto92,000deathseachyear.Allsegmentsofthepopulationwouldbenefit,withAfrican-Americanshavingthegreatestimprovementsoverall.Womenwouldparticularlybenefitfromreductionsinstroke,olderadultsfromreductionsincoronaryheartdiseaseandyoungeradultsfromlowermortalityrates.Reducingsaltintakeby3gramsperdaywouldsavethecountryupto$24billioninhealthcarecostsayear,theresearchersestimated.Evenamodestreductionof1gramperdaybetween2010and2019wouldbemorecost-effectivethanusingmedicationstolowerbloodpressureinpeoplewithhighbloodpressure.Unit3ListeningTask1.F2.F3.F4.T5.F6.T7.TScript:DifferenceBetweenProfessionalNursing&VocationalNursingLicensedpracticalandvocationalnursesprovidebasicnursingcaretopatientsandassistothermedicalstaff.Registerednursesareprofessionalnurseswhohaveadditionalspecializedtrainingandeducation.Thedifferencesbetweenregisterednursesandvocationalnursescomeintermsofeducation,dutiesandtraining.Oneoftheprimarydifferencesbetweenthevocationalnurseandtheprofessionalnurseisindutiesandinthevaryinglevelofresponsibility.Thevocationalnursehaslimitedcapacityinthetypeofcaresheprovidesapatient.Thevocationalnursecanperformbasictaskssuchastakingvitalsignsandsamples,assistingpatientswithwalkingorbathingandotherbasicandnecessarytasks.Shecannotdeterminewhatcourseofnursingtreatmenttoprovideapatient.Theprofessionalnurse,ontheotherhand,canadministertreatmentbasedonknownprinciplesandtheoriesofnursingandwithintheguidelineprescribedbyaphysician.Professionalnursescanconductresearchtodeterminebettercoursesoftreatmentforpatientswhennecessary.Vocationalnursesdonothavethislevelofindependenceandmustadministercareunderthedirectionofprofessionalnursesanddoctors.Educationisanotherprimarydifferencebetweenthevocationalnurseandtheprofessionalnurse.Thevocationalnursetypicallycompletesaone-yearcertificateordiplomaprogramatavocationalschoolorcommunitycollege.Thevocationalnursedoesnotobtainadegree.Ontheotherhand,theregisterednurse(professionalnurse)willcompleteadegreeprogramateithertheassociateorbachelor'sdegreelevel.Manynursesstartwiththeassociatedegreeandthenlatercompletethebachelor'sdegree.ThesedegreestakeanywherefRomtwotofouryears.Licensingalsomarksoneofthedifferencesbetweenvocationalandprofessionalnurses.Theprocessforbothisbasicallythesame.Bothmustsubmitanapplicationforlicensingwhichincludesacriminalbackgroundcheckandalicensingexamination.Nursesalsosubmitproofthattheyhavecompletedorwillsooncompleteanapprovednursingprogram.Themajordifferencebetweenthetwoisinthetypeofexamtheymustpass.TheprofessionalnursemustpasstheregisterednursingversionoftheNationalCouncilLicensureExaminationorNCLEX-RN.Thevocationalnursealsotakesthecouncil'sexam,buttakesthepracticalnursingportion,theNCLEXPN.TextAReadingComprehension1.A2.D3.C4.C5.C6.C7.A8.D9.B10.DII.WordstoPractice1.vomiting6.reflux2.diagnosis7.nausea3.abdominal8.diarrhea4.emesis9.esophagus5.gastritis10.varicesIII.TranslationA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.人们常通过打嗝来缓解因吞咽空气而导致的轻微的胃部不适。2.进行胃或十二指肠插管的目的包括：减压、灌洗、胃液分析和进行肠道营养B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.About4%ofgastriculcersarecausedbyamalignanttumor.Mostpeoplewithpepticulcershavethesebacterialivingintheirgastrointestinaltract.Thesympatheticnervoussystemcanaccelerateheartrateandraisebloodpressure.Gastriclavagehasbeenusedforover200yearsasameansofeliminatingpoisonsfromthestomach.Thisinterventionisusedforsuppressingnauseaandemeticsymptoms.TextBAnswerstotheQuestionsThemaincauseofdiabetesmellitusisthebody'sinabilitytometcarbboolhiyzderates,fats,andproteins,leadingtohyperglycemia.Muchoftheincreasingburdenofdiabetesmellituscanbepreventedbyearlydetection,improveddeliveryofcare,andbettereducationfordiabetesself-management.Becausediabeticfootinfectionsarecommon.Upto40%ofdiabeticclientswithfootinfectionsmayrequireamputation,and5%to10%willdiedespiteamputationoftheaffectedarea.Teachthemtomaintaingoodnutritionandadequatefluidintake.Instructthemnottosmoke,crosstheirlegs,orwearrestrictiveclothing.Demonstratehowtodofootandanklerange-of-motionexercisesbywritingthealphabetwiththeirfeet.Teachthemtoinspectallareasoftheirfeetdaily,lookingforopenareas,warmth,redness,discharge,formationofcallusesorcorns,oranythingunusual.Protectivemeasuresoffootforclientsmayinclude:alwayswearinggood-fitting,high-qualityshoes;avoidingtemperatureextremes;andseekingimmediatemedicalattentionforanyinjuryorproblem.After-classListeningNurseeducationabachelor'sdegreeby2020thelinkbetweennursesandhealthnursestaffingandeducationhospitalnurse'sworkload...7%ensuringsuccessfulpatientoutcomesawell-educatednursingworkforceScript:NurseStaffingAffectsPatientSafetyHavingwell-educatednurseswithfewerpatientstocareforcanhelpreducehospitaldeaths,anewstudysuggests.Thefindingscanhelphospitalsmakeinformeddecisionsaboutstaffschedulesandhiring.Earlierresearchfoundthatnurseeducationandotherfactorscanaffectpatienthealth.Inresponse,theInstituteofMedicinerecommendedthatmostnursesintheU.S.haveabachelor'sdegreeby2020.Manyhospitalsnowaimtohiremorebachelor'sdegree-trainednurses,andnearly25U.S.stateshaveproposedorenactedlegislationtoimprovehospitalnursestaffing.Tolearnmoreaboutthelinkbetweennursesandhealth,scientistsexamineddataonmorethan420,000patientswhounderwentcommonsurgeriesin9Europeancountries.Theresearchersalsosurveyedmorethan26,500nursesinthestudyhospitalstomeasurenursestaffingandeducation.Theteamanalyzedhowthesenursingfactorsaffectedthelikelihoodofpatientsdyingwithin30daysofhospitaladmission.Theresearchersestimatedthateachadditionalpatientinahospitalnurse'sworkloadincreasedthechancesofapatientdyingwithin30daysofadmissionby7%.Nurseeducationalsoaffectedoutcomes.Forevery10%increaseinnurseswithbachelor'sdegrees,thelikelihoodofpatientdeathdroppedby7%.Inhospitalswhere60%ofnurseshadbachelor'sdegreesandcaredforanaverageof6patients,theresearcherscalculated,thelikelihoodofpatientsdyingaftersurgerywasnearlyone-thirdlowerthaninhospitalswhereonly30%ofnurseshadbachelor-leveleducationandcaredforanaverageof8patients.“Thisstudyemphasizestherolethatnursesplayinensuringsuccessfulpatientoutcomesandunderscorestheneedforawell-educatednursingworkforce,"saysDr.PatriciaA.Grady,directorofNIH'sNationalInstituteofNursingResearch.Unit4ListeningTask1.F2.T3.F4.T5.F6.T7.FScript:ProfessionalEthicsandLegalResponsibilitiesinNursingNursesareboundbybothethicalandlegalguidelinesthatarepartoftheNursePracticeAct,asetoflawsdesignedtoprotectthepublicfromharmandtoprotecttheintegrityofthenursingprofession.TheNursePracticeActdefinestheethicalandlegalobligationsofnursestoprovidehigh-qualityhealthcareandtobeupstandingmembersofthecommunity.Nursesmustrespecttheinherentdignity,worthandindividualityofeverypersontheyinteractwithprofessionallyandcannotbeinfluencedbytheperson'ssocialoreconomicstatus,personalviewsorhealthcondition.Thenurse'sprimecommitmentistothepatient'sphysicalandmentalwell-being,andanybreachofsuchvaluescanhavelegalramifications.Asanurseyoumustdevoteyourattentiontothehealthcareenvironmentofallpatients,ensuringthatyoumeetallpatienthealthcareneeds.Fortheongoingadvancementofthenursingprofession,nursesmustexploreandlearnnewproceduresinordertocontributetothespreadofsoundhealthcareinthecommunity.Itisyourresponsibilitytocollaboratewithotherhealthcareworkerstopromotehealthcareeducationandsupportwithinthecommunityyouworkin.Nursesmustgivepatientshealthcareknowledgethatenablepatientstostayhealthyandpreventillness一payingattentiontodietandtherightdosageofprescribedmedications.Encouragingpatientstocomplywithdoctors'ordersandtoavoidunhealthylifestylepracticesisanurse'sresponsibility.Nursesmistaimtopreventsicknesswithinthecommunity.Asanurse,youareboundtoprovidethemosteffectivepossiblereliefforpainandsuffering.Youmustalwaysofferpainrelieftopatientsinpainasaresultofsurgeryorfromchronicillness.Failingtoattendtothealleviationofsufferingisdefinedasneglectandcanbeconsideredalegalbreachofprofessionalism.Itisnotonlyanurse'sethicalresponsibilitybutalsoalegalonetoensurethatsufficientpatientsreceivepainrelief.Doctorsoftenrelyonnursingstafftokeeptheminformedofapatient'spainlevels.TextAReadingComprehension1.D2.B3.C4.C5.D6.B7.A8.BWordstoPractice1.competency6.appropriate2.intervention7.counseling3.components8.delegated4.priority9.incorporate5.concrete10.architecturalTranslationA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.具体来说,社区护理的课程设计必须涵盖两个方面:提供给每个类别的目标人群的干预、服务、保健和项目的特点及类型,以及确定目标人群所有类别的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。在实践中,学生的分配必须多样化,要根据护理对象的类别分配。批判性思维在护理决策中是必备的,因为它大大有助于共享理念和范式在社区护理教育中的发展。B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Ataminimum,governmentsaresupposedtolaydowncriteriaforselectingstoragesitesandtosetstandardsformonitoring,financialguarantees,safetyandsoon.Moreandmorecountriesbegintoputemphasisonhouseholdsurveyappliedinmeasuringpopulationhealthsyntheticallyinrecent50years.Healtheffectsinhumansrangefromskinirritation