英语介词

英语介词第五章介词Anita介词的分类和成分作用表示时间的介词表示位置、方位的介词常用“一词多用”介词CONTENTS01020304其他用途的介词05考点一介词的分类和成分作用PART01介词的分类简单介词短语介词合成介词in,on,at,for,by,from,about,with,since,after,before,ago,by,tillwithin,without,inside,outside,into,throughoutbecauseof,insteadof,lookforwardto,inspiteof,accordingto,owingto0102030405Fromthelibrarytotheteachingbuildingis5minutes’walk.主语Thebookisunderthedesk.表语Theyleaveinahurry.状语Theapplesonthetreetastegood.定语Ithinkeverythingoutofcontrol.补语介词短语的成分作用【例】Isawhimwalking________thestreet.A.alongB.fromC.inD.to【正确选项】A【考查内容】介词短语walkalong的用法【答题分析】结合句意“我看见他沿着大街走去。”介词短语walkalong表示“沿着……走”，在句子中作状语，可排除B、C、D三项，故选A项。(　　)①Theyfoundthemachine________abadstate.A.inB.atC.onD.toA即时巩固考点二常用“一词多用”介词PART0201020304inthecar①在……里面insummer②在……时候，后接年、月、季节in2hours③在……之后，后接时间段inChinese④用……（语言、材料）in010203onthefloor①在……上面onFriday②在……时候，后接日期、星期atextbookonthehistoryofChina③关于on010203athome①在……（后接小地点）at7o’clocka.m.②在……时候，后接时间点atalowprice③以……(后接速度、价格)attorunforexercise①为了……，表目的IoncetaughtMathfor2years.②因为，由于……，表原因tocryforpain③后接时间段，表动作持续的时间Ipaid$50forit.④以……价格(或支付)；交换；作为……的补偿）forbytogobythebook①根据，依据……madebyhand②通过……（方式、手段）bybike③使用……（交通工具）Bebackbyteno’clock.④到……为止，在……以前ahousebyariver⑤在……附近，旁边Imetherbychance.⑥因为，由于……fromnoontomidnight①从……，后接时间tosufferfromacold遭受，蒙受；经受；体验到(痛苦等)②从……，后接地点togofromLondontoParis③由于……，由……引起fromabout5o’clockastoryaboutlove①大约②关于about2413with①和……一起Staywithme.②带着……，表伴随的一种状态enterwithconfidence③用……工具tostirwithaspoon④因为，由于……faintwithhunger饿得发晕【例】Theyfought________theirfreedom.A.atB.inC.forD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词for的用法【答题分析】结合句意“他们为了自由而战。”选项中只有介词for可以表示“为了……”，故选C项。(　　)①Iamsorry________whatIsaidtoyou.A.atB.inC.forD.to(　　)②Sheissinging________morningtonight.A.fromB.inC.sinceD.afterC即时巩固A考点三表示时间的介词PART03介词用法练习at表示“在某一时刻”，通常放在时间点前①atnoon/night②inthe21stcentury③inwinter④onJanuary1st⑤in2018⑥inJune⑦onFriday⑧inthemorning⑨atseveno’clockon表示“在具体的某一天”in表示“在某个世纪、年、季节、月及泛指的上午、下午、晚上”1.at,on,in的辨析1.Filltheblankswithproperpreposition.①onthemorningofOctober1st②onarainyafternoon③onaneveningwithheavysnow当morning、afternoon、evening被其他词所修饰，表示特指的某一天早、中、晚时，前面的介词应用on。2.Translation.①下周一我将要去上海。IwillgotoShanghainextMonday.②你去年去了巴黎吗？DidyougotoParislastyear?当morning、afternoon、evening、Monday（星期）、January（月份）、year、week等名词前有this、that、last、next等词修饰时，其前面的介词通常省略。介词用法for后面常接时间段，表示“一段时间；动作所持续的时间”，多与完成时连用；可用来回答“howlong”发起的提问in后面常接时间段，表示“在……之后”，用于将来时态；可用来回答“howsoon”发起的提问since后面常接时间点，表示“自……以来（直到现在）”，多与完成时连用after后面常接时间点，表示“在……之后”，多用于过去时2.for,in,since,after的辨析2.for,in,since,after的辨析①­—Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher？—（Ihavebeenateacher）For7years.②—Howsoonwillyoufinishthetask？—（Iwillfinishthetask）Inabout2hours.③ShehasstudiedinEnglandsince2017.④Theystarteddancingafter3o’clockp.m.3.before,by,till,until的辨析介词用法举例before表示“在……以前”，用于完成时①He said he had finished the work three days before. ②The train leaves at 8 o’clock, so you’d better be there by 7:50.③The park is open till /until5 p.m.by表示“在……以前，不迟于；到……为止”till/until表示“直到……为止”ShewatchedTVtill /untilhermothercameback.她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束）Shedidn’twatchTVuntilhermothercameback.直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生）用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”；用于否定句时，一般使用until，意为“直到……（才）”。4.during,through的辨析介词用法举例during表示“在……期间，在特定的时间里”，其后的名词前要用定冠词或表示特定意义的代词。①What did you do during the winter vacation?②Tim treated（对待） me like hisson through these years.through表示“一直……，自始至终”【例】JayChou,thefamoussinger,wasborn______January,1979.A.atB.onC.inD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】时间介词in的用法【答题分析】月份前面用介词in，由表示月份的关键词January，可排除A、B、D三项，故选C项。(　　)①—WhenisHenry’sbirthdayparty,Lynn?—________abouttwoo’clockintheafternoon.A.InB.AtC.OnD.To(　　)②Shehasbeenill________severaldays.A.forB.inC.sinceD.afterB即时巩固A(　　)③Hehasn’theardfromhisson________lastwinter.A.atB.inC.sinceD.forC即时巩固考点四表示位置、方位的介词PART04NorthWestSouthEastoninto表示“A在B里面”表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”表示“A和B不相邻（不接壤）”AliesintheeastofB.AliesonthewestofB.AliestothesouthofB.BeijingisinthenorthofChina. 1.北京在中国的北部。KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.2.朝鲜在中国的东北面。JapanistotheeastofChina.3.日本位于中国的东边。in表示“在……”，后接较大的地点at表示“在……”，后接较小的地点①He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Wuhan.②I’llwaitforyouatthebusstop.belowonunderaboveover①There is an apple on the table.②There is a bridge over theChangjiang river.③They sat under a big appletree, drinking.④Abirdflewaboveourheads.⑤Theshipdisappearedbelowthehorizon.bybesidenearnextto①Abankwasbuiltnearourschool.②Sitdownby/besideme.③Webothlookeddownatthenewspaperbesidehim.④Who’stheboystandingnexttoyou?betweenamongaroundoutside①WhatJackhaddonewasbeyondmycomprehension.②Heidentifiedhisbaggageamonghundredsofothers.③Therearemanytreesandflowersaroundthehouse.④Itfeelscoldoutside.⑤Goinsidethehouse.⑥ThisshipwentbetweenChinaandJapan.insidebeyondinfrontofinthefrontofbehind①Thereisacomputerinthefrontoftheclassroom.②Ariverflowsinfrontofthehouse.③Hesatbehindme.alongacrossthrough①Isawthemrunningtogetheralongtheroadyesterday.②It'ssomuchsafertogetacrosstheroadwithtrafficlights.③Themoonlightpouredinthroughthewindow.【例】Twoplanesareflying________thecity.A.throughB.onC.overD.below【正确选项】C【考查内容】方位介词over的用法【答题分析】句意：两架飞机正在城市上方飞翔。through表示“穿过”，强调从内部穿过；on表示“在……上面”，表面相互接触；over表示“在……正上方”，二者不接触；below表示“在……下方，低于……”，故选C项。(　　)①Thestreetistoonarrowforthebustogo________.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in(　　)②Doyouseethekite________thebuilding?A.overB.acrossC.onD.aboveB即时巩固D(　　)③Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived________Beijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to即时巩固CFilltheblankswithproperprepositionsaccordingtothecontextsandpictures.1.Heputthecomputeronthedesk.2.ImetMaryattheschoolgatethismorning.3.Thereisacatunderthetable.4.Hesawmanyhillsandriversbelowtheplane.5.Sheisholdinganumbrellaoverherhead.6.Anairplaneflewabovetheclouds.7.LilysatbetweenJackandTom.8.Amysmileshappilyamongthechildren.9.OurEnglishteacherisspeakinginthefrontoftheclassroom.10.Thereisayardinfrontofmywindow.11.Theywalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.12.Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.13.Thestudentsstoodaroundtheteacher.14.Myfamilyoftenhaveawalkalongtheriver.考点五其他用途的介词PART05介词用法举例except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可理解为“撇开……不谈”，表示两部分的不同。Theywereallthereexceptme.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除……之外(还有)……”，表示两部分的相似性。Whatdidyoudotherebesidesfishing?exceptthat后常接句子，而非词或短语。Thisrestauranthasnothingtorecommendexceptthatit’scheap.exceptfor表示“除了……外；除去，撇开”，但它是在说明基本的情况后，再做细节上的补充。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomeovercolouringhereandthere.介词用法举例in表示“用……”，后接表语言或材料的词汇CanyouspeakinEnglish?Shewroteinpencil.with表示“用……工具”，后接表工具的词汇，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.by表示“用……”，强调工具或者手段（多用于交通工具），“by+交通工具”中间不能加冠词。Weusuallygotoschoolbybus.on多用于固定词组talkonthephone，onfoot介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由……制成”，从成品仍可看出原料Thischairismadeofwood.bemadefrom表示“由……制成”，从成品已看不出原料Paperismadefromwood.介词用法举例for表示“因为……”，词组：befamousforWuhanisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.from表示“由于……（外在的原因）”Theproblemsimplyresultedfromadifferenceofopinions.of表示“由于……（内在的原因）”Theoldwomanlaughedintotearsofhappiness.with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因Heshoutedloudlywithanger.介词用法举例like表示“像……一样；如同”HelookslikeFatherChristmas.他长得像圣诞老人。as表示“作为；以……的身份”Weselectedhimasourmonitor.我们选他作我们的班长。介词用法举例against表示“反对”Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你支持还是反对这项 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ?for与against相对，表示“赞同，支持”with的复合结构with+名词/代词+形容词She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.with+名词/代词+副词Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.with+名词/代词+介词短语The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.with+名词/代词+非谓语动词Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyesfixedontheceiling（天花板）.【例】______lowercost,hisdesignhasmanyotheradvantages.A.ExceptB.BesideC.BesidesD.Exceptthat【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词besides的用法【答题分析】结合句意：“除成本低之外，他的设计还有许多其他的优点。”besides“除……外（还有）”，所搭配的宾语包含在论及事物之内。故选C项。(　　)①Moststudentsgotoschooleveryday________SundayandSaturday.A.exceptB.besideC.besidesD.exceptthat(　　)②—What’stheTVnews________?—TheChineseTeamwonfivegoldmedalsatWorldTableTennisChampionships.A.atB.acrossC.aboveD.aboutA即时巩固D(　　)③Nowadays,somemobilephonescantakephotos________acamera.A.forB.ofC.likeD.as(　　)④Wethinkitimpolite________himtoasktheladyherage.A.forB.ofC.likeD.asCB真题回顾1.（2017·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Itisagoodideatosendtheseclothesandbooks________thechildreninpoorareas.A.toB.byC.atD.forA2.（2016·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Don'tworry！Iwillbeback________aminute.A．forB.sinceC.inD.afterC3.（2015·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）ZhangMincouldn'tdrawmoney________theATMbecauseheforgotthepin.A.fromB.toC.withD.forA基础训练1.Igotane-maillastnight.Itwas________myforeignfriend,Tony.A.inB.onC.atD.from2.StephenoftenpracticesEnglish________chattingwithhisAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with3.Mary’steacherwassomad________herbecauseshemadetoomanymistakesinthetest.A.atB.inC.onD.aboutDBA4.Maxalwayschatwithhisfriends________English.A.onB.inC.atD.for5.Oh,it’syou,Jack!Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent________thephone.A.fromB.inC.ofD.on6.Whentheschoolbuildingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstairs_________allthestudents.Theteachersareheroesinmyheart.A.afterB.withC.sinceD.forBDA7.________ateacher,Anitathinksthathermaindutyistohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.ByB.AsC.AboutD.for8.Thelittlegirlhelpedtheoldwoman_________theroad.A.aboveB.throughC.acrossD.over9.Cocousuallygetsupearly_______themorning.A.onB.atC.inD.ofBCC10.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile_________herface.A.onB.toC.inD.at11._________myopinion,theexperiencesinone’schildhoodwillaffectitscharacter.A.ToB.InC.ForD.Among12.TFboysarepopular________theteenagers.A.aroundB.betweenC.duringD.amongABD能力提升1.Thesuitfittedhimwell________thecolourwasalittledarker.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besides2.Whatdoyouoftendo_________twoclassestorelaxyourself?—Listentosomelightmusic.A.overB.amongC.betweenD.through3.Herweddingwas________asunnymorning.A.atB.inC.onD.toBCC4.—Howsooncanyoufinishthereadingtask?—________halfanhour.A.InB.AtC.ForD.Later5.Theteacherusuallystands________classroom.A.atthefrontofB.inthefrontofC.infrontofD.atfrontof6.Ihavebeenourschool________2016.A.sinceB.forC.inD.agoABA7.Becareful,OK?Lookleftandrightbeforeyougo________thestreet.A.byB.alongC.throughD.across8.Doyouknow?Wine________grapes.A.ismadefromB.ismadebyC.ismadeofD.ismadein9.Ihaveseenhim________butIcan’trememberhisname．A.agoB.byC.tillD.beforeDAD10.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage________German？A.exceptB.exceptthatC.besidesD.beside11.Sarahadlearnedmorethan600words________theageofsix.A.byB.aboutC.atD.of12.Doyouknowtheboy________avolleyballinhishand?A.byB.inC.toD.withCAD【例】Theyfought________theirfreedom.A.atB.inC.forD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词for的用法【答题分析】结合句意“他们为了自由而战。”选项中只有介词for可以表示“为了……”，故选C项。BeijingisinthenorthofChina. 1.北京在中国的北部。KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.2.朝鲜在中国的东北面。JapanistotheeastofChina.3.日本位于中国的东边。in表示“在……”，后接较大的地点at表示“在……”，后接较小的地点①He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Wuhan.②I’llwaitforyouatthebusstop.6.Anairplaneflewabovetheclouds.7.LilysatbetweenJackandTom.8.Amysmileshappilyamongthechildren.12.Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.13.Thestudentsstoodaroundtheteacher.14.Myfamilyoftenhaveawalkalongtheriver.考点五其他用途的介词PART05介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由……制成”，从成品仍可看出原料Thischairismadeofwood.bemadefrom表示“由……制成”，从成品已看不出原料Paperismadefromwood.