人教版小学四年级英语语法总结

一、名词复数规则??1.?一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books,?bag-bags,?cat-cats?2.?以s.?x.?sh.?ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,?box-boxes,?watch-watches(手 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf )?3.?以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,?再加-es，如：family-families,?strawberry-strawberries?但boy-boys?4.?以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,?再加-es，如：knife-knives??leaf-leaves?5.?以o结尾?有生命的加es?无生命的加s，如：potato-potatoes?tomatoes?photo-photos?piano-pianos?不规则名词的复数：man-men,??woman-women,??policeman-policemen,??policewoman-policewomen,?child-children,??foot-feet,??tooth-teeth,??fish-fish,??people-people,??Chinese-Chinese,??goose-geese?不可数名词没有复数形式：?paper,??juice,??water,???milk,????rice,???tea???????在具体句子中我们应该把不可数名词当成单数看待二、一般现在时?一般现在时的功能?1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The?sky?is?blue.天空是蓝色的。?2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I?get?up?at?six?every?day.我每天六点起床。?3.表示客观现实。如：The?earth?goes?around?the?sun.地球绕着太阳转。?一般现在时的标志词：often,?usually,?sometimes,?every等??一般现在时的构成???主语+动词原形。???????如：??We?study?English.?我们学习英语。?当主语为第三人称单数(he,?she,?it，my?father等)时???????主语(三单)+动词的三单形式（要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"）???????如：Mary?likes?Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化?否定句：主语+?don't(?doesn't?)?+动词原形(+其它)。????如：?I?don't?like?bread.?He?doesn't?like?bread,?too.?一般疑问句：Do(?Does?)?+主语+动词原形+其它。???如：?Do?you?go?to?school?by?bike?????Yes,?I?do.?/?No,?I?don't.?当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。??????如：?Does?she?go?to?school?by?bike?????Yes,?she?does.?/?No,?she?doesn't.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How?dou?you?go?to?school??How?does?your?father?go?to?work????动词的第三人称单数的变化规则?1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,?make-makes?2．以s.?x.?sh.?ch.?o结尾，加-es，如：?wash-washes,?watch-watches,?go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,?再加-es，如：study-studies??但play-plays?不规则变化??????have-has三、现在进行时??1．现在进行时?表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。?2．现在进行时的肯定句??????基本结构：主语+be+?动词ing.???如：?I????am??eating.?现在进行时的否定句??????基本结构：主语+be?not?+?动词ing.??如：?I???am?not??eating.??现在进行时的一般疑问句????????基本结构：?be动词?+主语?+动词ing.?如：?Are???you???eating？?现在进行时的特殊疑问句????????基本结构：特殊疑问词+?be?+主语+动词ing???????如：What???are??you?eating??动词的ing形式（动词的现在分词）的变化规则?1??一般情况下直接在动词后面加ing?????????read--reading????sleep---sleeping????study---studying????clean--cleaning????play---playing??2??以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e，再加ing?????????come---coming???make---making????ride---riding????have---having????take---taking?????????write---writing??dance---dancing??3??以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现?“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing????????stop--stopping停???sit--sitting坐???run--running跑????begin—beginning开始???????cut--cutting切????get--getting得到??swim--swimming游??dig--digging挖四、一般将来时?一、概念：表示将要发生的动作以及打算或者准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,?this?weekeng,?next?day(week,?month,?year?),等。???二、基本结构：???①主?+?be?going?to?+?动词原形；???②主?+will+?动词原形.?????????I?am?going?to?play?football?tomorrow（明天）.?=?I?will?play?football?tomorrow.??三、否定句：在be动词（am,?is,?are）后加not，主?+?be?not?going?to?+?动词原形。???????例如：I’m?going?to?have?a?picnic?this?afternoon.?????????????→?I’m?not?going?to?have?a?picnic?this?afternoon.??4、一般疑问句：?把be提到句首，some改为any,?第一二人称互换。Be?+?主+?going?to?+动词原形??例如：We?are?going?to?swim?this?weekend.?→?Are?you?going?to?swim?this?weekend?五、一般过去时?1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。?2．一般过去时Be动词的变化：?⑴?am?和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was?not=wasn’t）?⑵?are在一般过去时中变为were。（were?not=weren’t）?⑶?带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,?am,?are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。?3．没有be动词的一般过去时?肯定句：???主语+动词过去式？???????????如：?Jim?went?home?yesterday.?否定句：????主语+didn’t?+动词原形？????????如：Jim?didn’t?go?home?yesterday.?一般疑问句：??Did+主语+动词原形？????????如：Did?Jim?go?home?yesterday??特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？??????如：??What?did?Jim?do?yesterday????????????????⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who?went?to?home?yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：?1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：clean-cleaned,?cook-cooked?2．以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d，如：like-liked?live-lived?3．末尾有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾的辅音字母，加-ed，如：stop-stopped?4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，?再加-ed，如：study-studied?但play-played?5．不规则动词过去式：?am,?is-was,?are-were,?do-did,?see-saw,???get-got,?go-went,?come-came,?have-had,?eat-ate,?take-took,??sing-sang,?put-put,?make-made,?read-read,?write-wrote,?draw-drew,?fly-flew,?,??swim-swam六、比较级?1、比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。?一般句式的构成：?????????A?+?is?/?are+?形容词比较级+?than?+?B?????????A?是主格?B?是宾格????????如：?She?is?taller?than?me.??2．形容词加er的规则：?⑴?一般在词尾加er?如：small--smaller?clean--cleaner??；?⑵?以字母e?结尾，加r?如：fine--finer?nice--nicer；?⑶闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er?如：big--bigger?hot--hotter?；