uscar-8revision2v003

GrainFlowPatternforBolts,ScrewsandStudsSAE/USCAR-8Revision2March2007ISBN:978-0-7680-1940-7__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theresearchdata,analysis,conclusion,opinionsandothercontentsofthisdocumentaresolelytheproductoftheauthors.NeitherSAEInternationalnortheUnitedStatesCouncilforAutomotiveResearch(USCAR)certifiesthecomplianceofanyproductswiththerequirementsofnormakesanyrepresentationsastotheaccuracyofthecontentsofthisdocumentnortoitsapplicabilityforpurpose.Itisthesoleresponsibilityoftheuserofthisdocumenttodeterminewhetherornotitisapplicablefortheirpurposes.Copyright©2007,USCARPrintedinU.S.A.QUESTIONSREGARDINGTHISDOCUMENT:(248)273-2470FAX(248)273-2494TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:(724)776-4970FAX(724)776-0790SAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Issued1998-12Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDSSUMMARYOFCONTENTS1.SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................22.TESTPROCEDURE........................................................................................................................................23.GRAINFLOWPATTERNREQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................24.REVERIFICATION..........................................................................................................................................25.REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................26.KEYWORDS...................................................................................................................................................2SAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDS-2-1.SCOPE:Thisspecificationcoversthegrainflowpatternrequirementsinheadedbolts,screws,andstuds.Theheadingpracticeinthemanufactureofthebolt,screw,orstudsetsthegrainflowpattern,butitisalsogreatlyinfluencedbythefastenerdesign.2.TESTPROCEDURE:2.1Testingforgrainflowshallbedoneafterheading,priortoheattreatmentandsubsequentprocessingofparts.AfterheattreatmentthedeterminationoftheacceptabilityofgrainflowisverysubjectiveandshallnotbeusedNote:Afteretching,alight“reveal”polishonadiamondwheelhastheeffectofknockingbacksomeoftheraisedareasontheflowlineridges.Thisprocessimprovesthecontrastbetweenthedarkerrootoftheetchflowline,andthelightenedorpolishedcreststoimproveevaluation.2.2Theheadandshankshallbesectionedapproximatelyonthecenterline,withtheshankhavingaminimumlengthof1.0Xthediameteroftheshank.2.3Macroetchthesectionedheadandshanksufficienttorevealthegrainflowpattern,usingetchingpracticebaseduponASTME340,andshowninthemanufacturer'scontrolplan.Grainflowsamplesshallbeviewedatsufficientmagnificationtoallowforadequateresolutionofthegrainflowlines.2.4Thesamplesizeandfrequencyfortheabovetestingshallbeidentifiedinthemanufacturer'scontrolplan.3.GRAINFLOWPATTERNREQUIREMENTS:3.1Grainflowthroughouttheproductshallbecontinuousanduninterruptedexceptinthoseinstanceswhereaflashtrimlinehasbeendeterminedtobeacceptable.Acontinuousanduninterruptedgrainflowmustbemaintainedaroundthefilletsandradii,butmaybecompressed.Grainflowlinesterminatinginheadtoshankfillets,radii,orontotheshanksurfacearenotacceptable.Inupsetparts,theentirematerialcompressionzoneintheheadshallbeabovetheheadtoshankradius.Figures#1and#2showtheacceptablegrainflowpatterntypicalinflangeheads.Figures#3and#4showtheunacceptablegrainflowpatterntypicalinflangeheadsforcomparison.AllFiguresrepresentaflangeheadedproduct.However,thegrainflowprinciplesandrequirementsapplytoallheadshapes.4.REVERIFICATION:Changesindesignorprocessingthateffectgrainflowpatternrequirere-verification.5.REFERENCES:ASTME3406.KEYWORDS:EndGrain,CompressionZone,GrainFlow.SAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDS-3-FIGURE1-AcceptableGrainFlowPatternSAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDS-4-FIGURE2-AcceptableGrainFlowPhotographSAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDS-5-FIGURE3-UnacceptableGrainFlowPatternSAE/USCAR-8REVISION2Revised2007-03GRAINFLOWPATTERNFORBOLTS,SCREWS,ANDSTUDS-6-FIGURE4–UnacceptableGrainFlowPhotograph<</ASCII85EncodePagesfalse/AllowTransparencyfalse/AutoPositionEPSFilestrue/AutoRotatePages/All/Binding/Left/CalGrayProfile(GrayGamma2.2)/CalRGBProfile(sRGBIEC61966-2.1)/CalCMYKProfile(U.S.WebCoated\050SWOP\051v2)/sRGBProfile(sRGBIEC61966-2.1)/CannotEmbedFontPolicy/Warning/CompatibilityLevel1.3/CompressObjects/Tags/CompressPagestrue/ConvertImagesToIndexedtrue/PassThroughJPEGImagestrue/CreateJDFFilefalse/CreateJobTickettrue/DefaultRenderingIntent/Default/DetectBlendstrue/DetectCurves0.1000/ColorConversionStrategy/LeaveColorUnchanged/DoThumbnailsfalse/EmbedAllFontstrue/EmbedOpenTypefalse/ParseICCProfilesInCommentstrue/EmbedJobOptionstr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