大学英语专业smartPPT课件

UnitOneHowIGotSmartPre-readingactivitiesCulturalnotesThemeandstructureofthetextWordsandexpressionsSentences(paraphrase)GrammarFigureofspeechExercisesPre-readingactivitiesUNIT1TWENT-FIRSTCENTURYCOLLEGEENGLISH21世纪UnderstandingthetextDetailedstudyofthetextWrittenworkOralworkSummaryWatchthevideoclipsanddiscusstherelevantquestionswithyourpartner.Q1:WhatarethebiggestcomplaintsJapanesemenandwomenhaveagainsteachother?Q2:WhatdoyoulearnabouttheJapanesestyleof“romance”fromthevideoclip?Hint1:RomanceHint2:lackofromance,untouchedfantasyWarm-upactivitiesQ1:WhatarethebiggestcomplaintsJapanesemenandwomenhaveagainsteachother?Q2:WhatdoyoulearnabouttheJapanesestyleof“romance”fromthevideoclip?AdialogueA:Doyourememberthefirsttimeyoufellinlove?B:Youmeanpuppylove,ortherealthing?A:Eitherone!Afterall,whenyou’regoingthroughit,puppylovefeelsliketherealthing.B:Let’ssee.WhenIwasasophomoreinhighschool,Ihadacrushonmybiologyteacher.A:Abiologyteacher,ohmy!Thatwasambitiousofyou!Didyoulethimknowhowyoufeel?B:YoumeandidIflirtwithhimorsomething?No,ofcourse,Iwastooshyforthat.ButIsurelyworkedhardonmybiologyhomework!loveatfirstsightfallinlove(withsb.)makeapassatsb.puppylovehaveacrushonsb.flirtwithsb.lovebirdsbeheadoverheelsinlove(withsb.)sweepsb.offhis/herfeetstarttofeelromanticloveforsb.acouplewhodisplayromanticloveforoneanotherbeverystrongly/passionatelyinlove(withsb.)veryclearlyexpress/displayone’sphysicalattentiontosb.feel“puppylove”forsb.behaveasifoneisphysicallyattractedtosb.,notnecessarilyseriouslyfeelromanticloveforsb.atthefirstmeetingbehaveinahighlyromanticmannertowardsb.andtherebywinningtheirloveaformofromanticlovethatotherpeopleconsidernaive,immature,etc.almostlike“practice”forreallyfallinginlovePre-readingactivitiesDoyoubelieveinthepoweroflove?Haveyouheardofanystoryconcerningthechangethatlovecanbringtoaperson?Ordoyouknowanyone(oranyonefromfilms,booksandetc.)whochangeshim/herselfbecauseofthelovehe/shehasforanotherperson?VideoClipOneInthemovieIQ,aclevermechaniccalledEdwardfallsinlovewithCatherine,Einstein’sniece.WhenEinsteinfindsoutthatEdwardisanhonestandsincereman,hedecidestohelphim.HeinvitesEdwardtodeliveraspeechandevenwritesanarticleforhimwithhisthreefriends.ThoughEdwardisextremelynervous,hebecomessmartallofasuddenwhenherealizesthatCatherineisamongtheaudienceandthenfinisheshisspeechwithoutahitch.WatchthevideoclipandcomparehowEdwardfeelsbeforeandafterheseesCatherine.VideoClipOneVideoClipTwoCatherine’sfiancéwantstofindouttheIQofEdwardsoastoembarrasshim.However,inphaseoneofthetest,EdwardisonceagainmotivatedbythelovehehasforCatherineandfinishesthetaskwithhisadroithands.Inphasetwoaboutthequestionsofsomescientificknowledge,Einsteinandhisfriendshelphimoutinacleverway.Watchthevideoclipandthinkaboutthisquestion:DoyouthinktheIQisveryimportanttoapersonandwhatisyourattitudetowardsthepopularIQtestwhichisusuallygiventokids?VideoClipTwoACrosswordpuzzleCulturalnotesAsampleofIQtestEncyclopediaAlbatrossAsampleofIQtest1.Whichoneofthefiveisleastliketheotherfour? A.Dog   B.Mouse  C. Lion   D.Snake   E.Elephant 2.Whichnumbershouldcomenextintheseries?1-1-2-3-5-8-13 A.8   B.13  C. 21  D. 26   E.31 3.Whichoneofthefivechoicesmakesthebestcomparison?PEACHistoHCAEPas46251isto: A.25641  B.26451   C.12654  D.51462   E.15264 4.Mary,whoissixteenyearsold,isfourtimesasoldasherbrother.HowoldwillMarybewhensheistwiceasoldasherbrother? A.20   B.24   C.25   D.26   E28 5.Whichlargershapewouldbemadeifthetwosectionsarefittedtogether?A.B.C.D.        6.Whichoneofthenumbersdoesnotbelonginthefollowingseries?2-3-6-7-8-14-15-30 A.THREE   B.SEVEN   C.EIGHT   D.FIFTEEN   E.THIRTY 7.Whichoneofthefivechoicesmakesthebestcomparison?FingeristoHandasLeafisto: A.Twig   B.Tree   C.Branch   D.Blossom   E.Bark 8.Ifyourearrangetheletters"CIFAIPC"youwouldhavethenameofa(n): A.City   B.Animal   C.Ocean   D.River   E.Country 9.Choosethenumberthatis1/4of1/2of1/5of200: A.2   B.5   C.10   D.25   E.50 10.Johnneeds13bottlesofwaterfromthestore.Johncanonlycarry3atatime.What'stheminimumnumberoftripsJohnneedstomaketothestore? A.3   B.4   C.41/2  D.5   E.6EncyclopediaVideoClipThreeEncyclopedia,whichplaysaninterestingroleinthistext,helpstheauthorattracttheattentionofthebeautifulDebbie.Haveyoueverreadanencyclopediaorlookupinformationinit?WatchthevideoclipfromFriendsanddoyouthinkapersonwhoalwaysquotesdifficulttermslooksabitweird?Nowadayswhatcanwedotobroadenourrangeofknowledge?VideoClipThreeAlbatross(Coleridge’s“TheAncientMariner”)Theword‘albatross’issometimesusedmetaphoricallytomeanapsychologicalburdenthatfeelslikeacurse.(shewasanalbatrossaroundhisneck)Itisanallusion(暗示，典故)toSamuelTaylorColeridge'spoemTheRimeoftheAncientMariner(1798).Inthepoem,analbatrossstartstofollowaship—beingfollowedbyanalbatrosswasgenerallyconsideredanomenofgoodluck.However,thetitularmarinershootsthealbatrosswithacrossbow,whichisregardedasanactthatwillcursetheship(whichindeedsuffersterriblemishaps).Topunishhim,hiscompanionsinducehimtowearthedeadalbatrossaroundhisneckindefinitely(untiltheyalldiefromthecurse,asithappens).Thusthealbatrosscanbebothanomenofgoodorbadluck,aswellasametaphorforaburdentobecarried(aspenance).ThesymbolismusedintheColeridgepoemisitshighlight.Forexample:Ah !wella-day !whatevillooksHadIfromoldandyoung !Insteadofthecross,theAlbatrossAboutmyneckwashung.AstatueoftheAncientMarinerwiththealbatrosshungfromhisneckatWatchetHarbour,Somerset,England,unveiledinSeptember2003asatributetoColeridge.Yourtask:AgamemnonAlexanderPopeThetext(structureandmainidea)UNIT121世纪AuthorSourcestructureDetailedstudyofthetextUnderstandingthetextPartIParas.1-3(Introduction)Amisconceptionaboutteachers.PartIIParas.4-30MyeffortstobridgetheintellectualgulfbetweenDebbieandme.PartIIIParas.31-33MyfailuretosweepDebbieoffherfeet.PartIVParas.34-37(aftereventsofthestory)Thefruitlessromancearousedmyinterestinacademicknowledge.FocusandclueDifficultpointWrittenworkOralworkSummaryWarm-upactivitiesUNIT1AuthorSourcestructureDetailedstudyofthetextUnderstandingthetextReadthetextandanswerthefollowingquestionsFocusandclueDifficultpointWrittenworkOralworkSummaryWarm-upactivitiesAccordingtothewriter,howdokidsseetheirteachers?Doyouagree?Howinterestedwasthewriterinschoolbeforehereachedhissophomoreyear?Whatchangedthen?Whydidthewriterdecidetobuythefirstvolumeofasetofencyclopedias?HowdidthewriterfirstmanagetoimpressDebbie?Whatwasherreaction?WhatotheropportunitiesdidthewriterfindtoimpressDebbie?Whateffectdidhiscontinuedreadinghaveonhim?Whycouldn’tMrs.Larriveequitebelievewhatshehadheardwhenthewriterdefinedtheword“albatross”.WhatwasitthattheauthorhadfailedtoperceiveaboutDebbie?Howdidhefeelwhenitfinallycametohisattention?Whydidhefeel“stronglytemptedtoinvestinabasketball”?AfterDebbieleft,whatwasthewriter’sprobableincentiveforcontinuingtoreadtheencyclopedias?WordsandexpressionsUNIT1PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularytendencycompulsoryradiateschemeventurestumpjoyousperceiveincentiveoutoffocusbeyondaperson’swildestdreamssweepsb.offhis/herfeetgetinplayrightintoone’shandhangonsb’swordsintimeVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT1VocabularyDiscussionPartIPara(1-7)PartIIPara(8-21)PartIIIPara(22-30)PartIVPara(31-34)Vocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.Abookwormhasnoneofthenormalkid’s_______toplayratherthanstudy.tendencyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesUNIT1PartIPartIIPartIV2.I’vetrieddesperatelytoexplaintomystudentsthattheimagetheyhaveofmewasabit__________.outoffocusPartIIIVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartII3.Onthecontrary,Ihated________educationwithapassion.compulsoryPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartII4.Alas,Debbiewasfar________________.beyondmywildestdreamsPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartII5.Shewouldflashasmilethat_______intelligenceandquickenedmyheartbeat.radiatedPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionTask:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.Vocabulary(PartI)UNIT1PartIPartII6.I______desperatelytobridgethatgulf.schemedPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartIIPartIII7.Ibeganmy_______intotheworldofknowledge.venturePartIVVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIV8.IwouldbecomeChiefBraininEnglishIIand_______myprincess_______withasurgeoferudition.sweepoffherfeetVocabularyGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartI)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT1PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabulary(PartII)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.Ihadtotalkfast,sothatIcould___allthefacts__beforewereachedthecashregister.VocabularygetinGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT1PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabulary2.“Whynot?”saidDebbie,playing_____________.firedrillrightintomyhandsGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionVocabulary(PartII)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyShewasfrowning,apparently________onaword.Andsoitwent,thatglorious,_______,romanticsophomoreyear.stumpedjoyousGrammarParaphraseVocabulary(PartIII)CulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyAndsheseemedto________myeveryword.hangonParaphraseVocabulary(PartIII)CulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyvocabulary(PartIV)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.WhatIfailedto________wasthatDebbie,allthiswhile,wasgoingsteadywithajuniorfromaneighboringschool–abasketballplayerwithaC+average.perceiveGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabulary_______Irecoveredfrommywounds.IntimeGrammarParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionvocabulary(PartIV)Task:Determinewhatthegivenwordsorexpressionsmeanbaseduponthecontextofthestory.UNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyAlthoughtheoriginal________wasgone,Icontinuedporingovertheencyclopedias,aswellasanincreasingnumberofotherbooks.incentiveGrammarParaphrasevocabulary(PartIV)CulturalNotesDiscussionGrammar1.RatherthanUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanratherthanisusedinaparallelstructuretosaywhatsomeonedoesnotdoordoesnotintendtodoincontrasttowhattheydoactuallydo.RulesPartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanThewordorphraseintroducedbyratherthanisgenerallyinthesameformastheoneparalleltoitinthemainclause.GrammarPartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanHewaspitiedratherthan______byhisfriends.(dislike)Helikesstartingearlyratherthan____late.(stay)Whydon’tyouweartheblackshoesratherthan__________.(brown)dislikedstayingthebrownonesedingtheGrammarPartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanWhenthemainclausehasaninfinitive,ratherthancanbefollowedbyaninfinitivewith“to”(whichismoreformal)orwithout“to”,whileaV-ingformisalsopossible.PartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanI’dliketostayathomethiseveningratherthan____out.(go)togogogoingPartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanWhenthemainclausehasaverbinthepasttense,ratherthancanbefollowedbyeitheraverbinthepasttenseifthetwoverbsareparallel,oraninfinitiveifsomethingyettohappenisimplied.PartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIVocabularyGrammar–ratherthanHelayratherthan____inhisarmchair.(sit)Ratherthan_____trouble,heleft.(cause)(Itimpliesthatifhedidn’tleave,hewouldcausetrouble.)pastpastinfinitivewithout“to”pastsatcausePartIIIParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionDoEx.IXIfonlyIfonlyMeaning:eveniftheonlyreasonisItisusedtointroducewhatonethinksafairlygoodreasonfordoingsomething,althoughonerealizesitmaynotbeaverygoodreason.I’llhaveaglassmyself,ifonlytopreventyoufromdrinkingitall.Ithinkyoushouldgetajob,ifonlytostopyourselfgettingsoboredathome.Whatdoesitmeaninthefollowingsentences?IfonlyI’dlistentoitcarefully!IfonlyIcouldgowithyou!C.f.onlyifDoEx.X2.make+noun/pronoun+pastparticipleUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarParaphrasePartIPartIIIVocabularyThisstructureisusedtomean“gettingpeopletodosomething”whenthelogicalsubjectoftheverbinthepastparticipleformisunknown,lessimportantorwhenitinvolvesthegeneralpublicorpeopleingeneral.make+noun/pronoun+pastparticipleCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语GrammarPartIPartIIIVocabularye.g.IcanmakemyselfunderstoodinFrench.e.g.TheywenttotheAmbassadortomakethemselvesknowntohim.e.g.Shehadtoshouttomakeherselfheardabovethesoundofthemusic.ParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussionDoEx.XIFigureofspeechUNIT121世纪大学英语AuthorSourcestructureDetailedstudyofthetextUnderstandingthetextFocusandclueDifficultpointAfigureofspeech,sometimestermedasrhetoricalfigure,orelocution,isawordorphrasethatdepartsfromstraight-forward,literallanguage.Figuresofspeechareoftenusedandcraftedforemphasis,freshnessofexpressionorclarity.Figuresofspeechhavebeenclassifiedintoanumberofdifferentcategories,forexample:hyperbole,metonymy,personification,metaphor,etc.WrittenworkOralworkSummaryWarm-upactivitiesUNIT121世纪大学英语AuthorSourcestructureDetailedstudyofthetextSummaryUnderstandingthetextFocusandclueDifficultpointTask1:Guessthemeaningofeachkindoffigureofspeechaccordingtothesamplesentence.Metonymy:Thepenismightierthanthesword.2.Personification:Thecarwasfarfromabeauty,butshewasmine.Metaphor:Sheisanangel.4.Hyperbole:Thewaveranmountainhigh.换喻拟人暗喻WrittenworkOralworkWarm-upactivities夸张UNIT121世纪大学英语AuthorSourcestructureDetailedstudyofthetextSummaryUnderstandingthetextFocusandclueDifficultpointTask1:Whatkindoffiguresofspeechareusedinthefollowingsentences?Icouldneverquiteacceptthenotionofhavingtogotoschoolwhilethefishwerebiting.2.Myprincesssatnearthepencilsharpener,andthatyearIgroundupenoughpencilstofuelacampfire.WrittenworkOralworkWarm-upactivitiesSentences(paraphrase)UNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIVVocabularyGrammar(PartI)Whoelsebutabookworm,withnoneofthenormalkid’stendencytoplayratherthanstudy,wouldgrowuptobeateacheranyway?(L2-4)Whoelsewouldevergrowuptobeateacheratallexceptabookwormwho,unlikeotherkids,likestostudybutnottoplay?ParaphrasePartIIPartIIICulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIVocabularyGrammar(PartI)Occasionally,Debbiewouldcatchmestaringather,andshewouldflashasmilethatradiatedintelligenceandquickenedmyheartbeat.(L26-27)Sometimes,DebbiewouldnoticethatIwaslookingather,andshewouldsmilebackatme,showingintelligenceandmakingmefeelexcited.ParaphrasePartIIPartIIIPartIVCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIVocabularyGrammar(PartI)IwouldbecomeChiefBraininEnglishIIandsweepmyprincessoffherfeetwithasurgeoferudition.IwouldbecomethemostintelligentpersoninEnglishII,andwouldimpressherandmakeherfeelattractedtomewithasuddenandgreatincreaseinmylearning.ParaphrasePartIVCulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语ParaphrasePartIPartIIPartIIIVocabularyGrammar(PartII)PartIV“Whynot?”saidDebbie,playingrightintomyhands.(L58)“Whywouldyoucertainlynotwanttolivethere?”saidDebbie,askingtheexactquestionIneededtoshowoffwhatIknewabouttheAleutianIslands.CulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语ParaphrasePartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammar(PartIII)Andsoitwent,thatglorious,joyous,romanticsophomoreyear.(L78-79)Andinthiswaythatsplendid,happy,romanticsecondyearpassed.CulturalNotesDiscussionUNIT121世纪大学英语PartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVVocabularyGrammar(PartIV)WhatIfailedtoperceivewasthatDebbieallthiswhilewasgoingsteadywithajuniorfromaneighboringschool–abasketballplayerwithaC+average.(L98-100)AfactwhichIdidn’trealize(andIshouldhave!)wasthatDebbie,duringthewholeofthetimewhensheappearedtobeattractedtome,wasregularlydatingathird-yearstudentfromanotherschoolintheneighborhood,whowasabasketballplayerandwhoseacademicrecordswerebynomeansexcellent.ParaphraseCulturalNotesDiscussiontendency(tendv.)n.partofaperson’scharacterthatmakeshimlike(todo)somethinge.g.他总是很喜欢开快车。He’salwayshadatendencytowardsfastcars.e.g.他爱夸张的性格众人皆知。Histendencytoexaggerateiswellknown.Thereisatendencytoregardmoneymorehighlythanqualityoflifeoutoffocusprep.phrasenotcorrectlyplaced;unclear;blurrede.g.约翰的这张照片焦距没对准，我看不清他的脸。ThepictureofJohnisoutoffocus,Ican’tseehisfaceclearly.Whenaphotographisn'tinfocus,itisn'tclear,it'soutoffocus.Hispersonalityisstillabitoutoffocus.compulsoryadj.requiredbylaworrulee.g.在美国的大学里，英语写作是必修课。EnglishcompositionisacompulsorycourseinAmericancolleges.Educationiscompulsoryforallchildrenintheirnation.Elementaryeducationiscompulsoryinalmosteverycountryintheworld.electivecourseifonlyphrase.eveniftheonlyreasonis…e.g.约翰明白自己期末考试一定要考出好成绩，即使只为给他的女朋友留下好印象。Johnknowsthathehastoperformverywellonthefinalexam,ifonlytomakequiteanimpressiononher.beyondaperson’swildestdreamsprepositionphrase.Itisbetterthanhecouldhaveimaginedorhopedfor.e.g.图书馆进行了扩建，藏书也大大增加了，这远远超出了我们的想象。Thelibrarywasenlargedandenrichedbeyondourwildestdreams.Suddenly,shewasrichbeyondherwildestdreams._______________wasbeyondmywildestdreams.radiateV.sendoutraysof(lightorheat);(figurativemeaning)giveforthafeelingof…e.g.发动机太热了，我们都能感到它在散热。Theenginewassohotthatwecouldfeeltheheatradiating.e.g.他的脸上洋溢着自信的表情。Hisfaceradiatesconfidence.schemev.V.makesecretplansinordertogainsomethinge.g.他们正密谋选举她为领导人。Theyareschemingtogetherelectedasleader.Allhisministerswereschemingforhisdownfall.venturen.anattempt;anactivityinvolvingtheriskoffailuree.g.股票投资是代价昂贵的冒险。Speculatinginthestockmarketisacostlyventure.e.g.只有傻瓜才敢这样冒险。Onlyafoolcouldundertakesuchaventure.Wearelookingabroadformoreprofitablebusinessventuressweepsb.offhis/herfeetverbphrase.makesb.suddenlyandstronglyattractedtoyouinaromanticwaye.g.这位英俊的军官凭自己的学识和优雅的举止赢得了玛丽的芳心。ThehandsomeofficersweptMaryoffherfeetwithhiseruditionandgrace.Shewassweptoffherfeetbythissmartyoungman.getsth.inverbphrase.managetofindtimefordoingorsayingsth.约翰滔滔不决的说个不停，根本不给别人说话的机会。Johntalkssomuchthatit’simpossibletogetawordin.I’llgetmysuggestioninatthestartofthemeeting.play(right)intoone’shandsverbphrase.dosth.whichgivessb.anadvantage;helpsb.whoisone’sopponentagainstoneself.e.g.在那场篮球赛中，汤姆的犯规正中了对手的下怀。Inthebasketballgame,Tom’sfoulplayedrightintotheopponent’shands.MaryandBobbybothwantedthelastpieceofcake,butBobbyplayedintoMary’shandsbytryingtograbit.(FathergavethecaketoMarybecauseBobbytriedtograbit.)forbiddingadj.severe;havingafrighteningorunfriendlyappearance尽管她举止有点儿吓人，但她实际上是一个很热心的人。Despiteherforbiddingmanner,sheisactuallyquiteakindperson.stepupverbphrase.increasethesizeorspeedofe.g.约翰发现要迟到了，便加快了脚步。WhenJohnfoundhewasgoingtobelate,hesteppeduphispace.e.g.为恢复我们原有的生活水平，我们得增加生产和出口。Inordertorestoreourstandardofliving,we’vegottostepupproductionandexport.stumpV.toconfuse,puzzle,orcausesomeonetobeatalosse.g.我们都迷惑不已，猜不透他是怎么逃跑的。We’reallcompletelystumped–wecan’tworkouthowheescaped.originstumpStumpasaverbthatmeans“puzzle”hasitsorigininthestumps(树桩)thatAmericansettlershadtopullfromtheearthafterfelling(砍伐)trees–somestumpsweresobiganddeep-rootedthatthepioneersdidn’tknowwhattodo.Theypuzzledthem.joyousadj.extremelyhappyandenthusiastic当晚会接近尾声时，大家一起高唱了一首快乐的歌曲。Wesangajoyoussongtogetherwhenthepartycametoitsend.seejoyfuljoyous&joyfuljoyousisdifferentfromjoyfulinthattheformerismorelikelytoapplytosomethingthatisbyitsnaturefilledwithjoyorisasourceofjoy,whilejoyfulusuallysuggestsanemotionalreactiontoasituationthatcallsforthafeelingofhappinessandcontentment.hangonsb’swordsverbphrase.listenveryattentivelytoe.g.约翰在历史课上专心听讲并认真记笔记。Johnhangsoneverywordofhishistoryteacherandtakesverycarefulnotes.Hetoldthemstoriesaroundthecampfire,theboyshangingfascinatedonhiseveryword.perceiveV.notice;beconsciousof.Ifyouperceivesomething,yo