Lesson Plan Unit 1
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class:
Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 1 Famous Universities, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
1. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn something about world famous universities, their staff and students.
2. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about famous universities.
3. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P172-174. Learn the reading skill “skimming”.
4. Translation: Students learn to translate some compound and complex sentences.
5. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the Subjunctive Mood, and learn to fill in an application form for admission.
Time Arrangement:
Unit 1 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: Oxford University (85 mins)
3) Doing the exercises from P14-16 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: “Students, You Represent Our Best Hope” (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in：
Listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.
1. date back to: 追溯到
2. to name but a few: giving as examples仅以此为例
Lots of our friends are coming: Anne,
Ken and George, to name but a few.
3. Namely: that is to say就是，即
Only one boy is absent, namely Harry
II. Dialogue samples:
Dialogue 1: Going to the School Library
lost
upper classman
thanks for
good luck with sth.
in/out of luck:
be fortunate/unfortunate
Dialogue 2: Talking about the Exam
How are your studies going?
How are you doing today?=how are you?
come up: occur, arise发生，出现
how come: why
set aside: save/keep (money or time)节省保留
retain: 1) keep in one’s memory, bear in mind
She retains a clear impression/memory of the incident.
2) keep
We retained the original fireplace when we decorated the room.
III. Communicative tasks
Task 1:
Situation: Brian has got a cold and needs to see the doctor, but he has no idea where the school hospital is. He asks directions from his classmate, Lili, who volunteers to accompany him there.
Task 2:
Situation: John hasn’t been doing well for the first half year at the university. He talks about his problems with his friend Xiaohong, who gives him some good advice as to how to make use of the class hours and spare time, and how to develop good study habits.
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1) What do you know about Oxford University?
2) How do you like your university professors and lecturers to do their teaching?
3) Have you ever received a scholarship? Do you think universities should try their best to provide their students with more scholarships?
4) How many international students are studying at Oxford?
About 4,000 international students are studying at Oxford.
5) How are colleges at Oxford governed?
Colleges at Oxford are governed by their own heads and fellows.
6) What does a tutor do?
A tutor supervises the students’ course of study and meets with them every week.
7) Are good students often granted a scholarship?
Not necessarily. Because most of the scholarships are restricted to certain nationalities and/ or courses.
8) Why did the students and staff visit more than 3,700 schools and colleges in 2001?
They visited those schools in order to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford.
9) How is Oxford cooperating with Stanford and Yale?
They are cooperating on a joint ‘distance learning’ venture.
10) Would you like to study at Oxford University if you have an opportunity? List as many reasons as you can think of.
II. Summary of Passage A
Oxford is one of the world’s most famous universities. It began in the 1100’s. In 1999-2000 it had over 16,300 students in 35 colleges and 5 private halls. Each college has its own buildings, teachers, and students. But the university grants the degrees, not the colleges. Oxford has students from over 130 countries. Rhodes and Marshall Scholarships are among the ways foreign students may attend Oxford.
Competition for admission and financial aid is intense, but students of all backgrounds are strongly encouraged to apply. Recently Oxford has won a national innovation award and formed an international distance education partnership with Stanford and Yale. Oxford is a leader in research, while also promoting good teaching with individual tutorials and small group interactions.
III. Related Information
1) United Kingdom
United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy in northwestern Europe, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England is the largest and most populous division of the island of Great Britain, making up the south and east. Wales is on the west and Scotland is to the north. Northern Ireland is located in the northeast corner of Ireland, the second largest island in the British Isles. The capital of the United Kingdom is the city of London, situated near the southeastern tip of England.
2) The Houses of Parliament
There are two Houses in the Parliament-the House of Lords and the House of Commons, where the elected members of Parliament meet.
The words "Parliament" and "the House of Commons" indicate what its function was in the past and what it is still today. It’s a place for debates between, on the one hand, the government (used to be the king) and on the other hand, the representatives of the communities: the communes, the commons, into which the country was divided. They used to come together to have a dialogue. The king wanted their support and their taxes and they wanted the king to follow their policies and to redress any local grievances. That’s what it was in the past, centuries ago and that’s what it still is today: a place for debates.
IV. Language points: While discussing the text, teacher can refer to the following notes and choose from them when necessary.
1. consist of: be composed or made up of sth 由某事物组成或构成
Examples:
The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。
2. distinct: adj [distinct from sth] different in kind; separate 不同的，分开的
Examples:
Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct.
尽管这些植物看起来很相似,实际上却属于完全不同的种类。
Mozart’s style is quite distinct from hayden’s.
莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。
They were classified into two distinct groups.
他们被归入两种不同的群体。
3. admit: vt. accept sb into a hospital as a patient, or into a school, etc as a pupil
接受某人(入院或入学等)
Examples:
The school admits 60 new boys and girls every year.
这所学校每年招收60名男生和女生。
He was admitted to hospital with minor burns. 他因轻度烧伤而入院。
4. well-being: n. state of being healthy, happy, etc. 健康、幸福等的状况。
Examples:
Have a sense of physical/ spiritual well-being 有身体/精神健康的感觉。
5. assign: vt.
1) [assign sth to sb]: give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配给某人一部分工作去做或一份东西去使用
Examples:
The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday work.
教师给我们每个人都分配了假日的工作。
这两间大教室已经分配给我们了。
The two large classrooms have been assigned to us.
2)[assign sb to sth]: name sb for a task or possition; appoint sb
指定某人做一工作或任一职务; 委派,选派某人
Examples:
其中的一个成员被指定做记录。
They’ve assigned their best man to the minutes.
6. supervise vt. watch or otherwise keep a check on (sb doing sth or sth being done) to make sure it is done properly 监督某人做某事;察看并指导工作.。
Examples:
我监督工人把货物装上卡车。
I supervised the workers loading the lory.
7. program(me): n.
plan of what is （intended）to be done
工作计划
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，活动安排，行动
方案
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Examples:
A political prgramme 政治纲领
What’s (on) the programme for tomorrow?
(ie What are we going to do tomorrow?) 明天安排了什么活动？
Launch a programme to redevelop the inner cities
提出一项改建市中心区的方案
a series of items on a course of study, etc 教学大纲,课程
Examples:
plan a programme of lectures for the first-year students
为大学一年级新生拟制教学大纲
8. specialized: adj.
adapted or deisgned for a particular puepose
(为适应某目的或为某目的而设计的)专门的
Examples:
specialized tools 有专门用途的工具
2)of or related to a specialist 专业的;专科的
Examples:
Specialized knowledge 专业知识
Specialized work 专业性的工作
9. on the basis of: because of a particular fact or situation在…的基础之上, 根据
Examples:
Employers are not allowed to discriminate on the basis of sex.
雇主不允许有性别歧视。
10. grant: vt.
1) [grant sth to sb]: give sth formally or leagally正式或依法给予某物
Examples:
These lands were granted to our family in perpetuity.
这些土地依法永远归我们家族所有。
She was granted a pension。她得到了养老金。
agree to give or allow(what is asked for) 同意给予或允许(所求)
Examples:
grant a favour,request,etc 答应帮忙、请求等
They granted him permission to go. 他们准许他去。
The minister granted journalists an interview. 部长答应接见记者。
n. grant (to do sth/towards sth): thing given for a particular purpose,esp money from the government 授予物； (尤指政府的)拨款
Examples:
student grants，（ie to pay their education）学生助学金
award sb a research grant 给某人研经费
degree: n. academic title；rank or grade given by a university or college to sb who has passed an examination，written a thesis，etc学位
Examples:
take a degree in law/ a law degree 获得法律学位
11. certificate: n. official written or printed statement that may be used as proof or evidence of certain facts证明书
Examples:
A birth/marriage/death certifficate 出生/结婚/死亡证书
an examination certificate及格证明书
diploma:（abbr Dip）certificate awarded for passing an examination，completing a course of study，etc 毕业证书；毕业文凭
Examples:
A diploma in architecture 建筑学文凭
12. honours: [pl] specialized course for a university degree or high level of distinction reached in it （大学）荣誉学位课程，优等成绩
Examples:
An honours degree course in Frnch literature法国文学荣誉学位课程
13. restrict: v. [~ sb./sth. (to) sth.] keep within limits of size or number or to a certain limit限制
Examples:
Fog restricted visibility.
She restricts herself to one meal a day.
Families are restricted to having one child.
involve sb/sth in doing sth: cause sb/sth to take part in (an activity or a situation)
使某人/某事物参与某活动或陷入某情况
Examples:
Don’t involve me in solving your problem!
你解决你的问
题
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,不要把我拉进去。
14. initiative: n. C action taken to resolve a difficulty 为解决困难而采取的行动
Examples:
It is hoped that the government’s initiative will bring the strike to an end.
希望政府采取的行动可以结束罢工。
15. innovative: (also: innovatory) adj. introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc
革新的;采用新思想、新技术的。
16. demonstrate: vt. be an example of sth; show 是(sth)的实例;表明
Examples:
The election demonstrates democracy in action.
这次选举是以实际行动体现了民主。
他突然离去表明他不可靠。
His sudden departure demonstrates that he’s unreliable.
17. enterprise: n.
1)U courage and willingness to be involved in such projects
事业心;进取心;勇气;胆量
Examples:
A woman of great enterprise 事业心极强的女子
He got the job because he showed the spirit of enterprise.
他因为表现出进取精神, 所以得到了这份工作。
2)C business company or firm
事业单位
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;企业单位;公司;商行
18. award: vt. award sth to sb: make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishment颁发、授予、判定
Examples:
She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而获得奖章。
The court awarded him damages of $50,000.
法庭判给他50000美元损害赔偿费。
The judges awarded both finalists equal points.
裁判员判定决赛双方分数相同。
19. assess: vt. assess sth as sth: estimate the quality of sth 估计、评定某事物的质量
Examples:
It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech.
总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计。
I’d assess your chances as extremely low.
我估计你成功的机会极微。
20. venture: n. project or undertaking esp. a commercial one where there is risk of failure工作项目或事业;(尤指有风险的)商业;企业
Examples:
Embark on a risky, doubtful, etc venture
The car-hire firm is their latest (joint) business venture.
个出租汽车公司是他们最新的、大胆的（合资）经营项目
Venture capital (ie money invested in a new enterprise, esp a risky one))
风险资本,创业投资
21. alliance: n. union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp between families (by marriage),countries or organizations 联姻,联盟;联合
Examples:
Enter into \ break off an alliance with a neighbouring state
与临国结成\解除联盟
22. aim at doing sth / to do: intend or try to do 意欲、企图、力求做某事物
Examples:
We must aim at increasing/ to increase exports.
我们要力求增加出口货物。
23. maintain: vt.
1) maintain sth (with sth): keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etc; cause sth to continue 保持、维持、保留
Examples:
Maintain friendly relations, contacts, etc (with sb)
与（某人）保持友好关系、接触等
Enough food to maintain one’s strength
足以维持体力的食物
Maintain law and order 维持法治
Maintain prices, ie prevent them falling 维持住物价（防止跌落）
Maintain one’s rights 保留自己的权利
Maintain your speed at 60mph 你要保持每小时60英里的速度。
The improvement in his health is being maintained.
他的健康状况仍在继续好转。
2）assert sth as true 断言（某事）属实；坚持
Examples:
Maintain one’s innocence坚持自己无辜
Maintain that one is innocent of a charge 对某项指控坚称无罪
24. pursue: vt.
1)(continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with
（继续）从事或忙于某事物；进行
Examples:
She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.
她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。
I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further.
我决定不再追查那件事。
2）follow (sb/sth),esp in order to catch or kill; chase 追捕、追赶
Examples:
Pursue a wild animal, one’s prey, a thief 追捕野兽、被捕食的动物、窃贼。
The police pursused the stolen vehicle along the motorway.
警察在高速公路上追赶被盗的车辆。
25. respond to sth: act in answer to sth or because of the action of another；behave in a similar way （对某事物或对他人的行动）反应、回应
Examples:
He responded to my volley with a backhand，ie in tennis.
他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来(网球中)。
I kicked the dog, which responded by growling/with a growl.
我踢了那条狗，他便狂吠起来。
26. at large:
1)(used after a n) as a whole; in general （用于名词后）整个地；一般地；总地
Examples:
The opinion of students, voters, society at large
学生、选民、社会总的意见
2）（of a criminal, animal）free; not confined 自由的，未缚住的
Examples:
The escaped prisoner is still at large.越狱犯依然在逃。
3)at full length; thoroughly and in great detail详细地、充分地、透彻地
Examples:
The question is discussed at large in my report.
我在
报告
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中对该问题做了详细的探讨。,
27. challenging: adj offering problems that test sb’s ability; stimulating
（为考验某人的能力）提出难题的；激励的；挑战的
Examples:
A challenging job, test, assignment 激励人的工作、考验、任务
28. rigorous: adj
1）strictly accurate or detailed 严谨的、精确的、严密的
Examples:
Rigorous attention to detail 一丝不苟
A rigorous search, examination, analysis etc
彻底的搜寻、严密的检查、精确的分析
2）severe; strict严厉的；严格的
3)(of weather) harsh 严酷的
29. benefit from / by: gain by; receive advantage from 受益
Examples:
Who would be most likely to benefit from the old man’s death?
You will benefit by taking a holiday.
30. facilitate: vt. make sth easy or less difficult 使容易或减少困难
Examples:
It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.
要是你再合作些就省事了。
31. equip v. [~sb. with sth.] make able, fit, or prepared 配备，装备
They equipped themselves for the expedition.
Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and ammunition.
32. play a part in sth：make a contribution to sth；have a share in sth
对某事起作用、有贡献；参与
Examples:
She played a major part in the success of the scheme.
她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
We all have a part to play in the fight against crime.
在与犯罪活动的斗争中人人有责。
Economic factors have played a significant part in Britain’s decline as a world power. 英国在世界强国中的地位逐渐衰弱，主要是经济因素造成的。
V. Detailed Study of the text:
1.
Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student’s program of study, primarily through tutorials. (para. 4)
Each Oxford student has a private supervisor who advices and instructs the student in a one-to-one basis.
在牛津，每个学生都配有一个导师，主要通过导师制监督学生的学习。
2.
Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs. (para. 7)
Students should make sure that they are qualified for applying for a particular scholarship because most of the plans will only accept applicants from some specified nations and/or majors.
学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和（或）课程都有限制。
3.
In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large. (para. 12)
To help meet this goal the university will give financial and technical support to its teachers in their advanced scientific research for developing the academic environment and the society as a whole.
为了实现这个目标，学校将针对智力环境和整个社会发展的需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施和支持.
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Work in pairs and talk about your university. Ask each other questions and say as much as you can on the following topics.
Teaching quality
Library
Teaching building
Sports ground
Number of students
Passage B
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1). Who have supported you on your road to college?
My parents. In China, ana in the world in general, it is the patents who support their children on their road to college.
2). Do you feel encouraged by the title:“Students,You Represent Our Best Hope”？
Yes, I do. Because this title indicates that people have high expectations of us and it also means that more opportunities may be given to us.
3). How did you start your college journey?
I started my college journey by following the teachers’ advice, attending lectures and reading some books related to my specialty.
4). Why were all major events at Stanford cancelled for 10 days?
Because a terrible tragedy took place in America on the morning of Sept. 11.
(Para. 2)
5). Why will the students' values be challenged while they stay at Stanford?
Because the students will get to know more people with different backgrounds, cultures or beliefs. (Para. 4)
6).When did Stanford University begin to enroll its first students?
The university began to enroll students in 1891. (Para. 9)
7). What did the president urge the students to do in order to make their journey more productive?
He urged the students to begin their journey with intellectual discovery.
(Para. 9)
8). What enlightenment did you gain from the president’s speech?
open
II. Summary
· In welcoming the new students to campus ten days after the 9-11 tragedy, the President of Stanford University encouraged them to help build a world in which such acts can never occur again. He reminded them of the help they had already received from friends, family, and others, as well as the help they would soon receive from the Stanford faculty and staff. But he encouraged them to find their own passionate sources of inspiration to develop their talents. Finally, he welcomed speech given in 1891 by Senator Leland Stanford. In that year the founder said that a university can place opportunities within a student's reach but it's up to the student to grasp and improve them.
III. Related Information
1).Stanford University
Stanford University is a private, coeducational institution of higher education in Stanford, California. It was founded in 1885 by American statesman, railroad magnate, and patron of education Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, in memory of their son, Leland Stanford, Jr. The university opened in 1891.
A prominent teaching and research institution, Stanford confers bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral, and professional degrees in a broad range of fields.
2).The Sept. 11 Attacks
A fireball erupts from the south tower of the World Trade Center in New York City after a hijacked passenger jet crashed into it on September 11, 2001. Another hijacked jet had crashed into the north tower about 15 minutes earlier. Both of the 110-story skyscrapers soon collapsed completely.
September 11 Attacks is a coordinated terrorist strike on the United States in 2001 that killed more than 3,000 people and shook the nation to its core.
On the sunny morning of September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists, working in teams of 4 or 5, hijacked four commercial jetliners and turned them toward targets chosen for destruction.
Two of the planes, loaded with fuel and passengers, were flown at full speed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in the financial district of New York City. The buildings burst into flame and then collapsed, killing thousands.
A third terrorist crew smashed their plane into the Pentagon, headquarters of the U.S. military in Arlington, Virginia.
The hijackers of the fourth airliner apparently intended to hit another target in the Washington, D.C., area, but passengers on the plane realized what was happening and fought back. This airplane crashed in a field in rural Pennsylvania.
3).Sen. Leland Stanford
In 1891, Jane and Leland Stanford, grieving the memory of their 15-year-old son, opened the doors of their free university so that the young men and women of California would have access to a higher education. Sen. Stanford said in his Opening Day speech in 1891, "A man cannot have too much health and intelligence, so he cannot be too highly educated."
4).The 1st President
David Starr Jordan
(President of Stanford: 1891-1913 )
The university's first president, David Starr Jordan, didn't have an official installation. He accepted Sen. Leland Stanford's offer to become president on March 22, 1891, but it was the university's opening day, Oct. 1 of that year, that is regarded as the date he took office.
IV. Language points
1. transfer: moving from one place, job, position, etc., to another
1). Within a few years they had transferred barren wastes into fertile fields.
2) .You can take the subway and then transfer to a bus.
2. struggle:
1) ~ with sb.:fight with sb.
e.g: The shopkeeper struggled with the thief
2) ~ against/with sb./sth.: move one’s body vigorously, e.g, trying to get free
e.g: The prisoner struggled (against his captors) but couldn’t escape.
3) ~ against/with sb./sth. (for sth.) trying to overcome difficulties
e.g: The two leaders are struggling for power.
struggle with a problem struggle with one’s conscience与自己的良心搏斗
3. format (n.):
1). the general plan or arrangement of something总体安排，计划等
e.g: We are trying out a new format for this old favorite television show this year.
2) shape, size,binding, etc. of a book 书的版式，开本，装订方式
e.g: It’s the same book, but a new format.
4. cancel: v. give up or call off (a planned activity, idea, etc.)
1). She cancelled her trip to New York, as she felt ill.
2). They had cancelled
5. resume (v.):
1) begin again after a pause
e.g.:a.).We resumed our journey after a short rest.
b). Please resume what you were doing.
2) to return to a place 重返，回到（某处）
e.g.: resume one’s seat; resume possession of a title 恢复头衔
6. mourn (v.): grieve for (the death,loss,etc… of someone)
1) The whole nation mourned the death of a much-loved king.
2) Mary mourned her lost doll.
7. tragedy: a terrible, unhappy, or unfortunate event
1.)Their holiday ended in tragedy when their hotel caught fire.
2).The accident was a terrible tragedy; they all died.
8. more…than…: it is more true to say …than…
1).The child was more frightened than hurt.
2.).He always seemed old to me, more like a grandfather than a father.
9. prejudice: (n.)
1).[c,u] 偏见 e.g: A judge must be completely free from prejudice.
一个法官绝不应存有任何偏见
2)[T] 使某人怀有偏见e.g: The stories I had heard about his father prejudiced me against him.
3)[T] 损害 e.g: Your bad spelling may prejudice your chances of getting this job.
10. contribute to: help to achieve; give help towards.
1).Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.
2).Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer.
11. initiation: the action of starting sth
1).University freshmen get lots of razzing, but they like the initiation.
2).the initiation of another program
12. undertake (v.):
1) (a) e.g.: The UN was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper.
(b) She undertook the training of the new staff.
2) undertake to do something 许诺，答应做某事
e.g: She undertook to pay the money back within six months.
13. dedicate: devote (one's time, energy, etc.) to a noble cause or purpose 致力于，投身于
1).The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure.
2) She dedicated herself to conserving our natural resources.
14. proud (adj.)
1) (approv.褒)自豪的，骄傲的
a).~ (of sb./sth.) e.g.: They were proud of their success /being so successful.
b). ~ to do sth./ that
e.g: They were proud to/that they belong to such a fine team.
2) (derog.贬）自负的，傲慢的 proud as a peacock
e.g: He was too proud to join in our fun.
15. accomplishment: achievement
1).Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work
2).The first walk on the moon was quite an accomplishment
16. acknowledge (v.) Acknowledgment (n.) 致谢（论文）
1) express thanks to 致谢
e.g: Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter.
2) agree to the truth of; recognize the fact or existence of 承认
e.g: They acknowledged having been defeated.
17. in recognition of: in order to reward
1).Please accept this check for $30 in recognition of your service.
2).He was awarded a knighthood in recognition of his truly great contribution to the British cinema
18. urge: request earnestly; try to persuade
1).They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.
2).They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform program.
19. pursuit: an activity to which one gives one's time, whether at work or for pleasure
1).He devoted every spare moment to the pursuit of his passion.
2).The whole magazine is produced and edited in the pursuit of excellence.
20. passion: strong feeling or enthusiasm
1).Mr. Smith had a genuine passion for music.
2).I'm glad you have a passion for the country
21. within one's reach: the distance that one can reach
1).You should choose a goal within your reach.
2).I'd like to have my reference books within my reach.
22. rest with: be left in the hands or charge of
1).It rests with you to propose terms
2)The final decision rests with the headmaster.
23. transform: change completely in form, arrangement, or nature （人的）性格，（物体）形状等的彻底改变
1).The five years that he spent on the ship transformed him from a boy to a man.
2).He transformed the kitchen into a beautiful sitting room.
V. Notes to the Text (Detailed Study of the text)
1. I have struggled with the format of this Convocation and the content of this speech for the past 10 days. (para. 2)
For the last ten days I've been thinking of the way this ceremony should be conducted and what I should say at this student gathering.
过去的10天，我一直颇费心思，不知这个开学典礼该用什么形式，我的发言要讲什么内容。
2.Americans and good-hearted people of all ages throughout the world will mourn this tragedy and carry the memory of that terrible day in their hearts.(para.3)
Americans and warm-hearted people all over the world, young or old, will feel sorrow for this disastrous event and remember it in a very personal way.
美国人民和全世界所有善良的人们，不论长幼，都会为这场悲剧哀悼，会将这可怕的一天永远留存在记忆中.
3.I hope that you will discover a new understanding and appreciation for the pluralistic society in which we live and find constructive ways to contribute to the world. (para. 4)
I hope you will learn the way to understand and appreciate the diversified society we live in and find your own way to offer your service.
我希望你们能够从新的角度来理解和欣赏它，为世界做出建设性的贡献。
4.Let it also be a moment you remember as the initiation of your journey into the
larger world, a time when you consider your role as a citizen and what your future contribution might be. (para. 5)
Also be sure to make it a special time when you start to think how you can become a more useful citizen and what you can contribute to the society in the future
从这一刻开始，你们将踏上一个更大世界的旅程，这一刻你们也将开始考虑作为一个公民你们未来应作的贡献。
5. I hope you are proud of the accomplishments that have brought you to this important transition in your lives. (para. 7)
I hope you are proud of the good things you've done to prepare for the big changes that will soon occur in your lives.
你们能取得成就，达到人生中这个重要的转折点，我希望你们能引以为豪。
6. And I hope that you will find an intellectual pursuit that excites you and engages you so much that it will keep you up at night and get you out of bed early, even on the weekend! (para.8)
I hope you will find the academic field so exciting and engaging that you'll study it late at night and early in the morning, even through the weekend
我也希望，你们能够找到一种智慧的追求，能够激励你们，让你们沉醉其中，能在深夜苦读，能够黎明即起，甚至连周末都不例外！
7.Students, I hope your time here transforms your lives, just as it has transformed the lives of so many alumni. (para. 11)
Students, I hope your university life here makes you a different and a better person, just as it did so many previous students.
同学们，我希望你们在此渡过的时光能改变你们的生活，很多以前的校友的生活都因此而改变。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Lesson Plan Unit 2
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class:
Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 2 Jobs and Careers, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
6. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn something about online job applications and first job experiences.
7. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about job opportunities and go for job interviews.
8. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P175-178. Learn the reading skill “scanning”.
9. Translation: Students learn to translate some compound and complex sentences.
10. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the Unreal Condition, and learn to write your own résumé;
Time Arrangement:
Unit 2 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: Your Dream Job: A Click Away (85 mins)
3) Doing the exercises from P36-39 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: “My First Job” (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in:
Listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks
1. Classify: arrange in classes or groups
The books in the library are classified according to the subject
n. classification
a. classifiable
classified
2. Make up for: compensate for:补偿，赔偿，弥补
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence勤能补拙
Make up: 编造；组成；化妆
3. qualification
What sort of qualification do you need for the job?
资格
V. qualify (for sth. /as)
The training courses qualifies you to be/as a driving instructor
a. qualified有资格的，合格的(for)
II. Dialogue
Dialogue 1: Asking About a Job Opening
a job opening
paid vacation
drop by
pick sb. up
personnel office
Dialogue 2: Interviewing for a Job
a home health aide
lay off
a nurse assistant
miss one day of work
III. Communicative tasks
A simulated job opening is held to broaden students’ vision and make them attach greater importance to English learning.
Task 1:
Topic: Asking about a job opening
Roles: An applicant and a personnel clerk in ABC Company
Situation: An applicant calls ABC Company asking about a job for a gardener.
Tips: Suggested questions for asking about a job opening
What are the qualifications for the job?
Is the job still open?
Is the job permanent or temporary?
Is the job full-time or part-time?
What are the hours?
What is the salary?
How can I apply for the job?
Key for reference:
Reference Dialogue for Task 1-Asking about a job opening
Personnel: ABC Company. May I help you?
Applicant: Yes, I'd like to inquire whether the job for a gardener advertised in the paper is still open.
Personnel: Yes, the job is still open. We will accept applications until Friday.
Applicant: What are the qualifications for the job?
Personnel: You must have your own tools.
Applicant: Is the job temporary or permanent, and what are the hours?
Personnel: It's a temporary part-time job with working hours from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. on Saturdays.
Applicant: Can you tell me what the salary is?
Personnel: Fifty dollars a day.
Applicant: Sounds good. How can I apply for the job?
Personnel: You may come in and get an application, then make an appointment for an interview.
Applicant: Thank you for your information.
Task 2:
Topic: Interviewing for a job
Roles: An applicant and the personnel manager
Situation: The personnel manager interviews the applicant about his application for a position in Public Relations.
Tips: Suggested questions for a job interview
Tell me some key facts about yourself.
Do you have any experience in this type of work?
Why did you leave your last job? Did you like it?
Why do you think you would like to work for this company?
What are your future career plans?
What salary do you expect?
Do you prefer working with others or by yourself?
How long did you work for your last employer?
How much education have you had?
Key for reference:
Reference Dialogue for Task 2- Interviewing for a job
Interviewer: Why do you think you would like to work for this company?
Applicant: The research I have done leads me to believe that this company has the best reputation for quality.
Interviewer: It sounds like you have done your homework. What experience do you have in this type of work?
Applicant: I worked as a sales representative for two years where I received training in reception strategies.
Interviewer: Why did you leave your last job?
Applicant: I was laid off because our office closed.
Interviewer: How would you evaluate your last firm?
Applicant: It was an excellent company that afforded me many fine experiences.
Interviewer: Why haven't you found a new position before now?
Applicant: Finding a job is easy but finding the right job is more difficult.
Interviewer: What are your weak points?
Applicant: I am sometimes impatient and I get overly upset when we are late meeting a deadline.
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
1. Do you often log on the Internet? What do you usually do online?
Many students log on the Internet frequently. They may use the Internet to search for useful information they need, visit a chat room, email messages to their friends, or play video games.
2. What is job application online? Have you ever tried it?
Job application online means doing all the application on the Internet. One can fill in the application form and send it in an email form to potential employer's website, together with all necessary materials about oneself.
3. Do you think the Internet will be used more extensively in your lifetime?
Yes, it will continuously play more important role in the future.
4. What is JOB-TRAK?
It is an Internet website that lists as many as 45,000 job opportunities.
5. How can you locate a potential job vacancy you are interested in online?
You need to, first of all, punch击 in a few keywords and start the searching machine.
6. Does one need to have a lot of knowledge about the Internet before using it?
Not necessarily so. According to Smith, the Internet was very easy to use. She found her job online with no training.
7. How did Tools get the job as a marketing manager?
He got the job because of his curiosity about the employment site named CareerBuilder.
8. Why did Gragg apply to teach English in Japan?
Because she wanted a change in her life.
9. What is Dozlic's job now?
He is now a driver at a local car dealership.
10. What preparations did Mello make before she went for her interview?
She searched the Internet for information about the financial performance of the company she was interested in, the salary she should ask for, and the possible living accommodations available to her there.
11. Compare e-shopping and the shopping you do at a shopping mall. What are the strengths and limitations of each?
There is no set answer for this question. You may answer it according to your own understanding.
II. Summary of Passage A
Since most students will choose to work after graduation, job-hunting is of great importance to them. They will write plenty of résumés about their education and send them to the companies they want to work for. It takes both time and energy to do so.
Now, thanks to the development of the Internet, job-hunting becomes much easier. Job-hunters can find a job just by clicking a mouse on the computer. Many of them make their dream come true through the Internet.
This article describes the experiences of several people who used online sources to look for new jobs. They turn to JOB-TRAK, CareerBuilder or Yahoo! to find desirable jobs.
III. Related Information
1） Northwestern University
Northwestern University is a private, coeducational institution with campuses in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois. Illinois. The school was founded in 1851. It opened for instruction in 1855 with only ten students. Women were first admitted in 1869. The university confers bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees in a wide range of fields.
2）Illinois
Illinois is a state in the north central United States, in the heart of the Midwest. Illinois was little more than a vast wilderness 200 years ago. Since entering the Union on December 3, 1818, as the 21st state, the economy of Illinois has expanded until today. Illinois is one of the most productive agricultural and industrial states in the Union, and its economic influence now extends far beyond the Midwest.
3） Jobtrak
JOBTRAK.COM is a largest and popular job listing website for college students. Through its exclusive partnerships with career centers nationwide, JOBTRAK.COM allows you to reach job-seeking students from your choice of more than 1,000 colleges and university career centers.
4）CareerBuilder
CareerBuilder provide s online recruiting and service. Job seekers are exposed to more than 300,000 updated jobs, representing more than 25,000 of the top employers in almost every industry and field.
CareerBuilder also makes it easy for employers to reach the audiences they want and hire the talent人才 they need to.
More than 6 million who visit CareerBuilder each month. In addition, employers have access to more than 4 million active resumes in CareerBuilder's extensive resume database.
5）Chicago
The city of Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan and at the mouth of the Chicago River. The presence of numerous waterways and one of the nation’s busiest airports helps make Chicago a major shipping and transportation center.
6）Houston Chronicle
Houston Chronicle.com is an integrated website for daily information, including news, sports, entertainment, AD 广告search, classified, etc.
7）Yahoo!
Yahoo is a web site that features a search engine and directory that helps users navigate the Web. It also aggregates content from a variety of sources, including news, financial information, and streaming media and offers registered users personalized Web pages, free e-mail, etc. The company has localized Web sites in 25 countries.
8） Maryland
The Maryland colony was founded in 1634 and was named for the wife of English King Charles I, Queen Henrietta Maria. Colonial Maryland attracted many settlers and, as its economy prospered, so did its social, political, and cultural life. Maryland entered the Union on April 28, 1788, as the 7th of the original 13 states.
IV. Language points: While discussing the text, teacher can refer to the following notes and choose from them when necessary.
1. career: a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one's life
There are many more careers open to women now than fifty years ago.
Florence Nightingale made nursing her career.
2. placement. n. the act or an example of placing someone in position 安置
The university offers a placement service for its graduates. ( = a service to find jobs for them)
这所大学为毕业生提供就业服务。
3. refer to: 1）send (someone or something) to (usu. someone else) for decision or action; 让…去找；让..去求助 2）mention, speak about
The Local Court has referred the whole case to the High Court.
Don't refer to the matter again.
Let me just refer to my notes to find the exact figures, 请让我查阅一下笔记本，找出准确答案
The professor referred me to an article she had written on this subject.
教授叫我查阅她写的关于这个题目的文章。
4. liberal-arts n. most university subjects except science, mathematics, and practical subjects that prepare one directly for a job 大学文科
a liberal-arts degree 文科学位
5. criteria: n. (pl. criteria) an established rule, standard, or principle, on which a judgment is based标准
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's work?
There are several criteria of a good school.
criterion/ standard criterion(评判的)标准，尺寸// standard标准，水准，水平
Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱片不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。
People were very poor then, by today's standard按今天的标准而言，那时候的人很穷。
6. click v. press the button of the mouse once单击鼠标
click on
use the computer by pressing a button on the computer mouse 点击鼠标
7. resident: a person who lives ( in a place) and is not just a visitor
The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
The residents of the town are proud of its new library.
8. come across
meet or discover, esp. by chance偶然）发现
I have just come across a beautiful poem in this book.
She came across some old letters in the course of her search.
She came across some old letters in the course of her search. 她在找东西时发现了—些旧信件。
9. fill out/in: put in (whatever is needed to complete something) 填上
After Tom passed his driving test he filled out an application for his driver's license.
The policeman filled out a report of the accident.
10. fill up: make or become completely full装满
The room soon filled up with people.
The rain has filled up the ditches again.
11. fill out / fill up fill out填写// fill up装满
Fill out the application form. 填写申请表格。
Fill up the tank with petrol. 把油箱装满。
12. marketing n. the branch of business concerned with promoting sales 营销
a job in marketing 市场销售工作marketing strategies销售策略；行销策略
the market director 销售经理 market n．市场，行情；认推销；marketer市场商人
13. profile n. a short description, especially of a person's life and character个人资料表
14. elevate: 1) raise, especially to a higher rank or position晋升，提升
2) make better, higher, or more educated 使高尚，使提高；使更有文化修养
The clerk was elevated to a managerial position.
The government is trying to elevate the living standards of the people.
15. available: able to be got, obtained, used, etc.
A limited number of seats are still available.
There were no tickets available for Friday's performance.
16. publication. book, periodical, etc. that is printed and distribute 出版物
17. version n. a slightly different form or style of an article 版本
18. scan v. (1) look at quickly, often looking for a particular thing 查找,搜索
I scanned the newspaper while I waited for the train. 我在等火车时把报纸匆匆翻阅了一下。
(2) to examine closely using a regular plan or fixed method, esp. making a search for something
细查, 审视, 严密监视
We scanned the sky for enemy planes. 我们严密监视天空，搜索敌机。
19. intrigue v. interest (someone) a lot, especially by being strange, unusual or mysterious激起…极大兴趣
He's always been intrigued by machinery. 他一向对机器很着迷。
20. procedure: an action or set of actions necessary for doing something步骤
Writing a check is quite a simple procedure.
We have worked out a new set of procedures for using this machine.
21. set up: establish
22. check out
find out whether something is true by making inquiries 核实
The police are still checking out his story.
2) to leave a hotel after paying the bill (在旅店) 办理退房手续;结帐后离开
23. classified adj. (1) divided or arranged in cases 分类的 classified ad 报纸上的分类广告
24. spot: pick out, recognize, see (one person or thing out of many) 认出,找出
He was the first to spot the danger.
We spotted the winner of the beauty contest the moment she appeared.
25. dealership n. a place where business agreements or arrangements are made商品特许经销处
a car dealership 获特许经销权的汽车商
26. refugee n. someone who has been forced to leave his country for political reasons or during a war 难民
27. variety: number or group of different things
Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.
The college library has a wide variety of books.
28. potential: that can or may come into existence or action
Although this area is very poor now, its potential wealth is great.
We should always be on the lookout for potential dangers.
29. log on: begin a period of using a computer system by performing a fixed set of operations
登录计算机系统
30. learn of: become informed of得知
How did you learn of our product? Was it through our advertisement?
I learned of your new address from your parents.
She only learnt of her son's marriage long after the event. 她是在很久以后得知儿子结婚的事。
31. find out : learn or discover (a fact that was hidden or not known) 发现
I won't tell you--you'll have to find out for yourself. 我不告诉你，你得自己去发现。
32. annual: of one year annual 一年一次的
The annual farm output was to be increased by 4 to 5 percent.
White's annual income is $36,000.
33. financial: connected with money财政
In that case they would receive financial aid from the state.
They are now confronted with a serious financial crisis.
34. current: of present time
They suggested measures to overcome current difficulties.
In some schools children study current affairs as a subject.
35. access v. find information, especially on a computer查找信息
detailed: adj. thorough; with a lot of facts given详细的
He gave me a detailed account of his work.
He kept a detailed diary of the meetings.
V. Detailed Study of the text:
1. The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entry-level positions. (para.1)
The career placement center advices the student majoring in liberal arts to visit JOB-TRAK, a website containing 45,000 jobs for new workers.
就业指导中心建议这位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK网站，该网站上列出了45,000个初级水平的职位。
2.Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job. (para.4)
Smith is one American who found a job online.
不少美国人鼠标一点，就找到了自己的工作, 史密斯是其中一个.（复合句）
3. “The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools. (para.6)
The Internet is like a personal helper. It can easily tell you about new chances to improve your career.
“有了因特网，就像雇了一个私人助理，”图尔斯说。（复合句）
4. Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan for work available across town, in another state, or around the world. (para.7)
Most major newspapers and specialist journals have their job advertisements online, to help job-seekers quickly spot job vacancies anywhere in the world.
大型报纸和专业出版物的分类广告大多都有在线版，求职者能搜索到市内、国内甚至国外的一些工作机会。（简单句）
5. A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was now ready for something new. (para.11) （简单句）
Dozlic, who escaped from the war in Bosnia, had done several different jobs but was now ready to find a new one. 多兹里克是波斯尼亚的战争难民，曾从事过多种不同的工作，但现在他想换个工作。
6. To find out more about the company, she clicked on to Artitron’s home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the company’s financial performance. (para.13)
To learn more about the company she entered its website and the website of its headquarters, and studied it's the company's yearly report and financial situations.
为了了解该公司的更多情况，她又点击了Artitron的主页，以及它的母公司Ceridian Corp.的主页，查看了一份年度报告，以及该公司的财政状况。（复合句）
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Passage B
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1） Have you had any work experience?
Yes, I have. I once did a part-time job as a lab assistant. As much as I know, a lot of students have got some work experience by doing part-time jobs.
2） When did you get your first part-time job?
Open.
3） Do your parents encourage you to work part-time? Explain.
Yes, they do, as they want me to learn to become independent. Generally speaking, most parents encourage their children to do some part-time jobs because they consider the part-time job as a good way to widen their children's horizons and improve their social contacts skills. But some parents are worried that doing part-time work may interfere with their children's study.
4） What was Louis's first job?
His first job was to help his father sweep a parking lot.
5） What did Louis learn when he worked for his father?
He learned that discipline and a strong work ethic were important in one's life.
6）What did Suze learn from her co-worker, Helen?
She learned self-respect from her.
7） What did Suze dream of? Did her dream come true? Explain.
She dreamed of having her own restaurant, but her dream did net come true, because her investment lost money. However, later she became successful in another career, so this part of her dream came true.
8）What can we learn from the work experience of Louis and Suze?
Open.
II. Summary
Louis Caldera’s first job was helping his parents clean the parking lot in a shopping center three nights a week, staring at 3 A.M. He did this for two years. It was hard work and had to be done by hand. From this experience Caldera learned discipline and a strong work ethic. In high school he worked full time while taking a full load of classes. Later he attended West Point and Harvard, and then became a state legislator and a high military official. Suze Orman’s first job was as a waitress. Her customers loaned her $50000 to start her own restaurant, but she lost the money in the stock market. Then she became a good stockbroker and eventually paid back all the money. Now she is a successful career woman.
III. Related Information
1) The United States Military Academy
The United States Military Academy is a public, coeducational military college at West Point, New York, maintained by the United States Department of the Army to train and educate students to be officers in the United States Army. Founded by the Congress of the United States in 1802, the academy was the first school of engineering in the country. Because of a maximum enrollment limit, cadets must be nominated to attend. Women were first allowed into the academy in 1976.
2) Los Angeles
Los Angeles is a city in southwestern California and the seat of Los Angeles County. Located on the Pacific Ocean, Los Angeles is the second most populous city in the United States, exceeded only by New York City. It is one of the nation’s major industrial, commercial, and financial centers. Los Angeles is also noted for its balmy climate, lush scenery, motion-picture and television industries, freeways, and occasional earthquakes.
3) Merrill Lynch
Merrill Lynch is one of the world’s leading financial management and advisory companies, with offices in 38 countries. The firm offers the full array of financial services for private, institutional, and government clients.
IV. Language points
1. imbue: v. fill (with sth) 灌输 浸透 be imbued with
A president should be imbued with a sense of responsibility for the nation.
一位总统应该充满对国家的责任感。
2. concept: a general idea, thought, or understanding
A small baby has no concept of right and wrong.
3. make ends meet: get just enough money for one’s needs 使收支相抵
Connie says that she can’t make ends meet this year.
With high taxes and his small income, Henry has great difficulty in making both ends meet.
4. stress: give a sense of importance to (a certain matter)
The speaker stressed the need for better education.
5. injure: hurt (a living thing)
She was injured badly in the accident.
The injured (people) were taken to the hospital.
6. mower n. a machine for mowing, especially one for cutting grass in gardens 割草机
7. discount: a reduction made in the cost
The shopkeeper gave a five percent discount for each item.
8. pick up: take hold of and lift up 捡起
He picked up his suitcase and went out.
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.
9. empty: make or become empty; remove what is inside (something)
The baby cried loudly when he had emptied his bottle.
10. by hand: by a person, not a machine 手工地
11. last: go on; continue
12. acquire: get; gain
He has acquired an extraordinary command of the English language.
Paul Getty acquired a fortune in the oil business.
13. balance: consider; compare
The judge balanced the disputes of both parties.
14. in one’s case: 对某人而言 We made an exception in your case. 我们对你的情况做了特殊处理.
15. flip v. turn over by using a cooking tool 翻动 He flipped the egg over in the pan. 他翻动平底锅炒的蛋
16. pay off: be successful; be worthwhile 是值得的, 有回报, 赢利
His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.
John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He received an A.
17. go on continue to do 继续做
18. dignity: true worth and nobleness of character
The real dignity of a man lies in what he is; not in what he has.
A man's dignity depends on his character, not his wealth.
19. assembly: n. a law-making body 议会 the New York State Assembly 纽约州议会
a meeting to gather of people会议,集会 school assembly学校集会 assembly line 装配线 (固定搭配)
20. diner: 1. 吃饭的(客)人2. (=dining-car)餐车3. a small, usually inexpensive restaurant with a long counter and booths and housed in a building designed to resemble a dining car. [美]餐车式饭馆
餐车饭店：一种小型的通常具有柜台和座位的廉价的餐馆，并设计在类似于餐车的屋子中
21. incredible: unbelievable
The plot of the book is incredible.
The hero fought with incredible bravery.
22. thanks to: owing to; on account of ; because of 幸亏
Thanks to John’s kind help, we finished early.
Thanks to her efforts, the project proved to be a success.
23. pick up: to acquire (knowledge) by learning or experience学得：通过学习或经历获得（知识）：
24. dream of: have a dream (about something)
When I was young I dreamed of becoming a surgeon.
He dreams of going to Europe.
25.have faith in … 相信, 信任,对…有信心 I haven’t much faith in this medicine.
26. to this day
until now 至今
27. collateral valuable property promised to a lender if one is unable to repay a debt 抵押品
28.come true: happen just as was wished, expected, dreamed, etc.
One’s dreams do not always come true.
It took years of planning and saving, but their seagoing vacation came true at last.
29. invest: use (money) to make more money
He invested $1,000 in a growing business.
30.sour: to make or become sour 使变酸：使或者变得有酸味
If you leave milk in the sun, it goes sour quickly.如果把牛奶放在阳光下，它会很快变酸。
The old man has been soured by poverty.
31.deliberation: careful consideration 熟思
After much deliberation, she decided to accept their offer.
32.apply for: 请求, 申请
33.pay back: return what is owing 偿还(借款), 报答, 报复
It is high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me.
The sum was paid back to the bank with interest.
34.imprint on one’s mind/memory/heart: fix something firmly in somebody’s mind/memory/heart 铭记
The details are imprinted on his mind. 这些细节都铭记在他心上.
35.cover: of money) be enough for sth. 足够支付、偿付或抵消…的花费和价钱：
Will $10 cover the codt of the damage? 十美元够赔偿这项损失吗?
I had enough funds to cover her check. 我有足够的资金支付她的帐单
36.mount: increase上升；增加
The temperature mounted into the 80s. 气温上升到80多华氏度。
37. invest in sth: 投资于, 买进 invest money in business enterprise投资于工商企业
Have you invested in anything?
38. with a million-dollar personality: ...with a good personality
39. mature: become mature
The trees are maturing into their full green color.
His character matured during these years.
V. Notes to the Text (Detailed Study of the text)
1. My parents imbued in me the concepts of family, faith and patriotism when I was young. (para. 1)
My parents taught me to understand and love family, faith and motherland when I was a child.
我很小的时候，我父母就给我灌输了有关家庭、信念和爱国主义的观念。
2. I acquired discipline and a strong work ethic, and learned at an early age the importance of balancing life's competing interests - in my case, school, homework and a job. (para.3)
I learned to be diligent, self-control and work hard, and even when I was very young, I learned to find time for doing different things- to go to school, to do homework, and to do my job. (I learned the importance of managing my time between school, homework, and a job, while I was young)
我懂得了自我约束，养成了一种强烈的工作责任感，从小就懂得协调自己的多种兴趣的重要性——对我而言，就是协调好上学、家庭作业和工作的关系。
3. The experience taught me that there is dignity in all work and that if people are working to provide for themselves and their families, that is something we should honor. (para. 4)
The experience taught me that any job people do to support themselves and their families deserves respect.
这种经历让我明白：所有的工作都有尊严，只要人们能自食其力，养家活口，就该受到尊重。
4. Thanks to the newfound confidence I picked up from Helen, I dreamed of having my own restaurant. (para. 7)
With the new confidence I learned from Helen I hoped to own my own restaurant someday.
受了海伦的激励，我重新找到了自信，梦想开一家自己的饭店。
5. I shared my dream with him and said, "Fred, I know I can do more if somebody would just have faith in me." (para. 8)
I told Fred about my hopes and said I knew I'd succeed if someone would trust me.
我给他讲了我的梦想，对他说，“弗莱德，我知道我可以做得更多，只要有人相信我。
6. My investments soured, though, and I lost the money. (para.10)
But my investments did badly and I lost the money. 然而，我的投资泡了汤，钱血本无归。
7. I got a thank-you note from Fred, which will be imprinted on my heart forever. (para. 12)
Fred sent me a thank-you note which I will never forget.
弗莱德写了封感谢信给我，这封信将永远铭刻在我的心中。
8. Who else could have invested in a counter 'girl' with a million-dollar personality and watch that investment mature into a very successful career woman. (para. 12)
Who else could have the chance to give a loan to a trustworthy waitress and watch her become a successful professional? 还有谁会投资在一个人格值百万的女店员身上，然后看着那笔投资成熟而产生一位成功的职业女性呢？ （这笔投资是值得的）
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Lesson Plan Unit 3
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class:
Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 3 Advertising, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
11. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn something about advertising.
12. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about public service advertisement and sales advertisement.
13. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P178-180. Learn the reading skill “reading meaning clusters”.
14. Translation: Students learn to translate some compound and complex sentences.
15. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the Conjunctions and Connective Words, and learn to write personal ads.
Time Arrangement:
Unit 3 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: The Victim (85 mins)
3) Doing the exercises from P36-39 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: “The Ad Council at a Glance” (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in:
listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.
1. Appeal to sb:
be attractive or interesting
Adj. appealing
The idea of camping has never appeal to me.
Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously
2. Respond (v.) to: act in answer to回应，相应，反应
n. Response (to)
in response to
Some taglines of some famous brands to arouse students’ interests to learn this unit:
Nike: Just do it.
Kappa: He who loves me follows me.
McDonald’s: I’m loving it
百事可乐：The choice of a new generation.
索爱: Music is everywhere.
Motorola: Intelligence everywhere.
肯德基: We do chicken.
Lining: Anything is possible.
II. Dialogue
Dialogue 1: Talking About a Public Service Advertisement
1. Drop out (of sth.): withdraw(退出）；leave school( 辍学）
She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later
2. Help (sb.) out: 帮助某人（尤指摆脱困境等）
He’s always willing to help (us) out when we’re short of stuff.
3. Enroll:
enroll (sb.) (in/as sth.)成为会员；登记；注册
enroll new students
enroll in evening classes
We enrolled him as a member of the society.
n. enrollment/enrolment
入伍，入会；入学，注册
Dialogue 2: Talking About a Sales Advertisement
Cheated
Promotion
Mark sth. Down
Be caught up in sth
Expiration dates
on guard
Watch for
III. Communicative Tasks:
Situation 1: Brian and Xiaolong talk about an environmental protection advertisement in which the citizens are requested to sort out the useful wastes and put them in three slots – blue slot for paper, yellow for aluminium cans, and brown for plastic bottles. They think it a good idea to dispose of the wastes.
Situation 2: Victor saw an advertisement saying “Clearance Sale” in front of XYZ fashion shop. He paid 30 yuan for two T-shirts, but they shrank to children’s size after being washed only once. His friends Lili reminded him to be always careful about the so-called “price-cutting” and not to be misled by the beautiful lies in the ad.
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. How often do you shop for clothes?
I do not go shopping very often, but generally women enjoy shopping more than men do.
2. Do you always follow fashion when buying clothes for yourself? Explain.
I don’t care very much for fashion. But some people, women in particular, would follow fashion closely because fashionable clothes make them feel good. However, most people are more practical about quality and price when buying clothes.
3. Do you think the clothes one wears define what kind of person he or she is? Explain.
Generally speaking, the answer is “Yes” as the way people dress themselves does reveal, to some extent, their tastes and likes.
4. Why do the author's friends call her a shop-a-holic?
They do so because she likes shopping and keeps a lot of name-brand items in her room.
5. When does the author realize that she is a victim of advertising?
She realizes that she is a victim of advertising when she learns more about marketing.
6. How does the author define clothes? Do you agree?
They can be a statement, a style, or a definition of who you are. They can also be a simple necessity.
7. How did the author dress when she was a child?
She did not care too much about her wearing.
8. How did the author dress in middle school and high school? Why?
They became more concerned with their appearance. Because high school girls are defined and identified by their clothing.
9. Is clothing very important to college girls? Why?
No, because college girls are defined by their personality rather than by their clothing.
10. What’s the role of advertising at this time?
They still turn to advertising, but to find out their own styles.
11. Advertisers portray beautiful models in advertising. Why do they do that?
They use those beautiful models to pass this message to us: if we want to be popular, loved, and attractive, we should follow these models.
12. Does the author think there is a way for us to avoid being the target of advertising?
Open.
II. Summary
The author once was a compulsive shopper, and might even be addicted to shopping. She tended to buy more clothes than she needed, and often looked for famous brands, and even discounts. Later in her life, when she became a marketing student, this helped her understand how much her shopping was influenced by advertising. This influence began to be felt in middle school when she became concerned about her appearance. As an adult she was more aware of her motives while shopping, but was still influenced by advertising, consciously or subconsciously. The conclusion drawn by the author is: nobody can escape the influence of advertising. Advertising uses our weaknesses and insecurities against us, and makes us want to be more attractive, popular, or loveable. It makes us uncomfortable with who we are, and makes us want to be like the models in the ads. Thus we may buy things that we think are "new, cool, or hot."
III. Related Information
1) Abercrombie:
Abercrombie is a name brand of Abercrombie & Fitch,which began In 1892 under the name David T. Abercrombie Co., a small waterfront shop and factory in downtown New York City owned by David Abercrombie dedicated to selling only the highest-quality camping, fishing and hunting gear. Abercrombie & Fitch outfitted many great hunting and exploration expeditions. Nowadays the Company's principal activities are to operate retail stores that sells casual apparel, personal care and other accessories for men, women and kids. It thrives as a publicly held company. A powerful lifestyle brand, business is thriving at Abercrombie & Fitch with hundreds of stores.
2) Guess:
Guess is a name brand of Guess, Inc., which was founded by The Marciano brothers who were raised in the south of France, a region that cultivated a passionate understanding of French design and the essence of style. They combining a love of the American West with a European sensibility. Today, Guess is one of the most widely recognized brands in the world. Known for quality, trend-setting style, and marketing creativity, the company designs and markets a leading lifestyle collection of casual apparel and accessories for women, men, children, and babies.
3) J Crew:
J Crew is a name brand of J. Crew Group. It sells classic-styled jeans, khakis, and other basic (but pricey) items to young professionals through its catalogs, Web site, and in about 175 retail and factory outlets in the US. It also has about 60 outlets in Japan through a joint venture with Itochu. Women's apparel represents 75% of sales. The company has sold off its two non-J.Crew catalogs and now its sales come entirely from J. Crew-brand items.
4) Ralph Lauren:
Polo Ralph Lauren is one of the world's best-known brands. Boasting names such as Polo, Lauren, Chaps, and Club Monaco, the company designs and markets apparel, accessories, fragrances, and home furnishings. Polo doesn't actually make any products itself; instead, it oversees the work of many licensees as well as more than 300 contract manufacturers in Asia and the US. Its largest licensing partners include Jones Apparel Group (sportswear), Seibu Department Stores (Japanese distribution), and WestPoint Stevens (bedding). The firm operates about 170 Polo stores and outlets in the US and licenses more than 100 others worldwide.
IV. Language points
1. shop-a-holic
A shop-a-holic is a compulsive person who finds great joy in shopping, almost to the point of being a hobby, but finds it hard to stop shopping and buys things that are not needed.
2. fashion
the way of dressing or behaving that is considered the best at a certain time
男人服装的时尚变化没有女人的快。
Fashions for men’s clothes change less frequently than fashions for women’s clothes.
3. brand
a class of goods which is the product of a particular firm of producer
你最喜欢的香皂品牌是什么？
What is your favorite brand of soap?
4. necessity
something that is necessary
食品和衣物是生活必需品。
Food and clothing are necessities of life.
5. dress up
make (sth or sb) more attractive, esp. with clothing
为这场聚会你打算打扮一番吗？
Are you going to dress up for the party?
6. define
show the character or nature of
What defines us as human?
是什么让人之所以为人呢?
7. identify with
cause or consider (someone to be connected with something)
富有未必等于幸福。
Wealth cannot be identified with happiness.
8. advertising hit me in a different way
have a bad effect on
油价的持续飙升严重地打击了肯尼亚的经济。
The increasing cost of oil hit Kenya especially hard.
9. turn to
go to… for help, advice, etc.
我不得不借助字典的帮助。
I had to turn to the dictionary for help.
10. quest
search, attempt to find
降雨量影响着作物的生长。
He went to the library in the quest of something in English to read.
11. look to
depend on to provide help, advice, etc.
有能力的年轻人是不屑于向别人寻求帮助的。
An able young man is ashamed to look to others for assistance.
12. affect
go to… for help, advice, etc.
降雨量影响着作物的生长。
The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.
13. add to
put together
音乐增加了我们的乐趣。
The music added to our enjoyment.
14. glamorous
attractive or full of charm
She is the most glamorous star in motion pictures.
15. means
a method or way
他想用和平的方式实现自己的目标。
He hoped to achieve his goal by peaceful means.
16. consumption
the act of consuming
英国的酒精消费量太高了。
There is too great a consumption of alcohol in Britain.
17. step back
think about as if not involved
From time to time, the teachers should step back and let their pupils run things their own.
V. Detailed Study of the text
1. You could call me a shop-a-holic, as most of my friends do, but I call myself a lover of fashion. (para. 1)
You could call me a shopping addict, as most of my friends do, but I'd rather say I love to buy things in fashion.
你可以说我是购物狂，朋友大都这样说我，不过我自认为是个时尚爱好者。
2. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. (para. 3)
But as I moved ahead to high school, I paid more attention to advertising.
但从高中开始，广告产生了很大的影响。
3. The clothing in high school became something that defined you:
High school students seem to adopt a notion that by wearing expensive clothes they are wealthy, smart, or superior in some way.
高中时衣着界定你的身份.
4. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. (para. 4)
Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. (para. 4)
我和朋友们依然关注广告，不过现在不只是为了紧跟时尚，更想找到自己的风格。
5. Advertising feeds off human insecurities and make us want to be like these beautiful people
Advertising makes people insecure about who they are and need expensive clothes to make them look good.
广告利用人类的不甘人后的心理，怂恿我们去学这些俊男美女。
6. Is it the victim's fault for believing, or the fault of society for allowing advertisers to do so? (para. 6)
Is it the buyer's fault for believing the advertising, or society's fault for allowing ads to make us buy things we don't need?
怪人们相信广告吗？还是该怪社会纵容广告误导人？
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Passage B
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Have you ever benefited from pubic service advertisements?
2. Can you mention one or two slogans from public service advertisements?
3. Do you think public service campaigns necessary? Explain.
4. What is the Ad Council according to the passage?
The Ad Council is a public service organization that helps to solve the most pressing social issues.
5. What effects do the slogans by PSAs have on people?
They testify to the Ad Council's power of its messages to make positive social changes.
6. What is the purpose of UNCF?
The purpose of UNCF is to help minority students to graduate from college.
7. What do dummies Vine and Larry remind people of?
They remind people of wearing safety belts.
8. What role do public service advertisements play in society?
Open.
II. Summary
The Ad Council was founded during World War II to help sell War Bonds. After the war it continued to address pressing social issues with public service advertisements (PSA's). Since 1942 it has created over 1000 advertising campaigns on such issues as forest fires, safe and sober driving, minority education, crime, drugs, child abuse, recycling, and AIDS. Some of its most famous messages are "Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires," "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk," and "A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste." Seat belt usage rose from 21% to 70% after the Crash Test Dummies were introduced in 1985. The Ad Council's current major campaigns are to help children achieve their full potential and to encourage Americans to support the war on terrorism.
III. Related Information
1. Ad Council
The Ad Council is a private, non-profit organization that produces, distributes and promotes thousands of public service campaigns on behalf of non-profit organizations and government agencies in issue areas such as improving the quality of life for children, preventive health, education, community well being, environmental preservation and strengthening families. From earliest efforts including "Loose Lips Sink Ships" to the more recent "I am an American," Ad Council PSAs have been raising awareness, inspiring action and saving lives for 60 years.
2. Smokey Bear Forest Fire Prevention
This Smokey Bear's Campaign is an effort to help educate people about the importance of preventing accidental, human-caused wildfires and their effects upon life, property, and natural resources. The focus of the visit was on promoting wildfire prevention, and Smokey Bear as a teacher, as a friend, and as the guardian of our land.
3. United Negro College Fund
UNCF’s mission is to enhance the quality of education by providing financial assistance to deserving students, raising operating funds for member colleges and universities, and increasing access to technology for students and faculty at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Since its inception in 1944, UNCF has grown to become the nation's oldest and most successful African American education assistance organization.
4. Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk
This campaign features real photographs and stories of individuals who lost their lives because of alcohol-impaired drivers. By creating the Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk campaign, the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Ad Council launched an effort that would change the way Americans think about drinking and driving. Eighty-four percent of Americans recall having seen or heard a Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk public service announcement. Nearly 80 percent report they took action to prevent a friend or loved one from driving drunk, and 25 percent report they stopped drinking and driving as a result of the campaign.
5. Crash Test Dummies
Vince and Larry were developed by the National Ad Council and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the United States Department of Transportation. They are two NHTSA crash test dummies who came alive to tell everyone about safety belts and what happens when you don’t wear safety belts. Vince and Larry are seen on TV in creative PSAs and are also heard on the radio. Most people recognize them; in fact many people can repeat ads vocally without making mistakes.
6. War Bonds
On May 1, 1941, the first Series E U.S. Savings Bond was sold to President Franklin D. Roosevelt by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau. On January 3, 1946, the last proceeds from the Victory Bond campaign were deposited to the Treasury. The War Finance Committees, in charge of the loan drives, sold a total of $185.7 billion of securities. This incredible mass selling achievement (for helping to finance the war) has not been matched, before or since. By the end of World War II, over 85 million Americans had invested in War Bonds, a number unmatched by any other country.
7. Victory Gardens
The world was at war. Resources of all kinds were being diverted to support national war efforts. Countries asked their citizens to help in every way that they could. People dutifully funded the war by purchasing bonds, they conserved raw materials, they recycled, they rallied behind the troops, they helped their neighbors, they gave their lives, and they planted "Gardens for Victory". Victory Gardens came in every shape and size. Governments and corporations promoted this call for self-reliance. People in rural and urban areas worked the soil to raise food for their families, friends, and neighbors. Victory gardening enabled more supplies to be shipped to our troops around the world.
8. Loose Lips Sink Ships
Concerns about national security intensify during wartime. With German and Japanese submarines patrolling off U.S. coasts, great emphasis was placed on educating servicemen and civilians about the need for secrecy concerning military matters, especially troop movements. Central to maintaining national security was the Office of War Information's drive to limit talk about the war in both the public and private arenas of American life. Silence meant security. The graphic designs of this "loose talk" on the home front posters were usually strong and eye catching using bright colors for impact. In no other series of WWII posters was the potential for loss of human life portrayed as such a recurring theme.
9. Rosie the Riveter
Following the United States' entry into World War II in 1941, millions of American women answered the government's call to enter the work force and fill traditionally male jobs left vacant by those who had gone off to fight. Above all, women's labor was urgently needed to help fill shortages created by the expanded wartime economy, especially in the production of military hardware. These women who wore hard-hats and overalls and operated heavy machinery represented a radical departure from the traditional American feminine ideal of housewife and mother. In 1942, a popular song about a patriotic female defense worker called Rosie the Riveter provided the name that became synonymous with this new kind of American woman.
10. Aids
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), human viral disease that ravages the immune system, undermining the body’s ability to defend itself from infection and disease. Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Such infections are harmless in healthy people, but in those whose immune systems have been greatly weakened, they can prove fatal. Although there is no cure for AIDS, new drugs are available that can prolong the life spans and improve the quality of life of infected people.
11. Nielsen/NetRatings Rankings
Marketed globally under one brand, the Nielsen//NetRatings services are provided via a partnership between NetRatings, Nielsen Media Research and ACNielsen. The services include the Nielsen//NetRatings Internet audience measurement service, AdRelevance, the leading online ad measurement service, and @plan, the leading target-marketing platform for Internet media planning, buying and selling. Companies around the world-advertising agencies, consumer packaged goods, technology firms, media companies and financial services-rely on media and market research from Nielsen//NetRatings to make business-critical decisions.
IV Language study
1. at a glance: at one look
2. by name: 凭名字
The teacher knows all the pupils in his class by name
3. compelling: a. extremely interesting so that one has to pay attention. 令人信服的。
4. take action: start to do something, begin to act,
1.They took action to stop him.
2.The government has promised to take quick action on the energy crisis.
5. testify (to):vi. bear witness; serve as proof.作证
6. launch: vt. get start, set going. 使行动使开始
The government has launched a new plan to build more houses.
7. fatality: n. death caused by accident or in war
8. remind: vt. 1. Inform sb of a fact or tell sb to do sth he may have forgotten. 提醒某人注意
Remind me to answer that letter.
remind sb of sb/sth. :cause sb. to remember or be newly aware of sb./sth. 使某人回想起
This song reminds me of France.
9. minority: n. a small part of population.
10. estimate: vt. form judgments about
11. category: n. division or class in a complete system or grouping. 种类
12. critical: a. 1. decisive, crucial. 危急的，决定性的，关键的。
We are at a critical time in our history.
Looking for faults, pointing our faults.找毛病的，批评的，非难的。 a critical remark
13. play a role in: 起作用
14. rally: vt. come or bring together for a purpose.
15. recruit: vt. get somebody to do something. 招募
16. significant: a. important.
17. stimulate: vt. make--more active or alert.激励
表扬激励孩子努力学习
Praise stimulated the child to study hard.
18. make a/the difference: have an effect 产生影响
If you do so it will make a great difference.
The sea air has make a difference to his health.
海上的空气改善了他的健康状况
19. measurable: a. large enough to be noticed明显的
20. To that end: for that aim
His only aim in life is to make money. To that end, he works hard.
21. marshal: vt. Gather 召集
22. foster: vt. help the growth or development; encourage or promote.培养，鼓励，促进
23. motivate: vt. provide someone with a reason or cause of doing something 激发
24. concerning: prep. About, with regard to
He wrote to me concerning a business arrangement.
For more information concerning the club, contact me.
表示“关于”的介词：concerning, regarding, considering, respecting.
25. abuse: n.wrong use; bad or cruel treatment
26. adopt: vt. take and use
27. initiative: n. action taken to resolve a difficulty. 为解决困难而采取的行动
28. speak for: express the thoughts, opinions, etc. of . 代表---说话
Speaking for myself, I find the house quite satisfactory.
Don’t speak for your friend, speak for your self.
29. commitment: n. things one has promised to do; pledge, undertaking. 承诺，保证，承担
30.objective: n. purpose, aim, goal. 目标，目的
a. unbiased; fair, real. 客观的, 无偏见的,真实的
31. according to: as stated by 根据
32. approximately: a. very near to; very nearly. 大概
33. feature: vt. give a prominent part to. 以---为特色
n. 1.（countable) distinctive characteristic; aspect 特征，特色，特点。
2. face viewed as a whole 面貌，容貌
34. pledge: n. a solemn promise or agreement
35. profound: a. deep; very strongly felt
36. grief: n. great sorrow or feelings of suffering.
37. threaten: vt. warn to hurt, kill or punish somebody.
38. reach out (to sb./sth.) : stretch out (one’s hand) in order to touch or take sth. 伸出手去触到或拿到某物。（这里引伸为“联系”）
We must reach our to those in need.
39. as well as: and.
40. distribute: vt. divide among several or many.分发
V. Detailed study of the text.
1.
Our slogans and characters are more than memorable - they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action, and save lives. (para. 1)
Our slogans and characters are not just easy to remember, they also greatly influence people's attitudes and actions, and they save lives.
我们创作的口号和形象不只是令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动，挽救无数的生命 。
2.
The War Advertising Council, a private, non-profit organization, was founded to rally support for World War II-related efforts. (para.6)
The War Advertising Council, which did was not work established by for either the government or for profit business, was founded aimed to encourage people to help support World War II.
战时广告委员会是一个私人建立的非盈利性机构，成立的初衷是为与二战有关的活动募集资助。
3.
The Ad Council's mission is to identify a select number of significant public issues and stimulate action on those issues through communications programs that make a measurable difference in our society. (para. 7)
The Ad Council's main goal is to choose decide on a few of vital well-chosen important public issues and get encourage people to do something useful about them that helps to improve the society through effective communications programs.
广告委员会的使命是精心挑选出若干重大社会问题，通过传播方案，激励人们采取相应的行动，在一定程度上改变社会现状 。
4.
The Ad Council reached out to the federal government as well as important national non-profits with an offer to create and also distribute their crisis-related messages to media outlets nationwide. (para. 10)
The Ad Council appealed to the American government and the major national non-profit organizations for producing and distributing messages about the 9-11 disaster to various media outlets throughout the country.
广告委员会主动联系联邦政府及美国重要的非赢利机构，提出创作与危机相关的公益广告，在全国的媒体播出 。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Lesson Plan Unit 4
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class: Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 4 Calamities and Rescures, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
16. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn something about introduction to the Red Cross
17. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about traffic accidents.
18. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P181-183. Learn the reading skill “key words reading”.
19. Translation: Students learn to translate some subject clauses.
20. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the Subject clause, and learn to apply for holiday insurance.
Time Arrangement:
Unit 4 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: Death of a Dream (85 mins)
3) Doing the exercises from P79-80 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: In the Nick of Time (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in：
Listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.
1. Impose sth. (on/upon sb.)
将统治强加于一民族impose one’s rule on a people.
2. Bring out:
show sth clearly, reveal使（某人的品质）显现出来
A crisis brings out the best in her.
II. Dialogues
Dialogue 1: Talking About a Traffic Accident
1. at all: 点
Are you at all worried about the forecast.
2. make it: (infml.) be successful in one’s career
He’s never really made it as an actor.
Dialogue 2: Visiting the Injured of the Accidents
III. Communicative tasks:
Task 1:
Topic: Talking about a traffic accident
Roles: Carl and John
Situation: Carl saw an accident on campus. His roommate Larry, who was riding a bicycle, collided with a car and Larry got injured. Carl told John about the collision and Larry’s injuries.
Collide with (sb./sth.)撞，意见不一致
The interests of the two countries collide.
Task 2:
Topic: Visiting the people injured in the traffic accident.
Roles: Carl and Larry
Situation: Carl went to the hospital to visit Larry, who was injured in the accident. Carl expressed his sympathy and told him not to worry about his injuries and the missed classes.
Sympathy(n.): v. sympathise/sympathize
a. sympathetic to/towards
In order to relate the topic to the current issues, a passage about the 5.12 earthquake was chosen for students to be familiar with the topic.
Rescue efforts are underway in China’s Sichuan province following Monday’s devastating earthquake 灾难性的地震, which measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale 里氏震级.
According to Xinhua news agency, nearly 15,000 people have died in the disaster, with as many as 24,000 more trapped under rubble 碎石，碎砖 from collapsing buildings and another 14,000 declared missing 申报失踪.
Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has visited the area to personally oversee relief work （抗震）救灾工作, and is flying to the epicentre 震中 of the earthquake today.
Chinese troops have been mobilised 调动 to carry out rescue operations and emergency aid 紧急救护 has been air-dropped 空降 into areas that have been cut off by the disaster.
Bad weather has hampered 阻碍 relief efforts and in some cases rescuers have had to trek长途跋涉 into the disaster area 受灾地区 by foot and search for trapped survivors 生还者 by hand as roads have been blocked by debris 瓦砾碎片.
Some residents of the provincial capital 首府 Chengdu have chosen to sleep in tents and government shelters for fear of aftershocks 余震 causing more damage.
One witness in Chengdu told the BBC the city’s population is helping the relief work by donating 捐献 food and water for those affected in the surrounding countryside.
Financial aid 经济救助 has been pouring in 大量涌进 from all over China, with the Chinese government pledging hundreds of millions of dollars. Substantial有实际价值的 donations from other countries and humanitarian organisations have also been pledged 承诺，给予（援助）.
Although full casualty figures 伤亡数字 are not yet certain, it is clear that Monday’s earthquake is the worst to strike China since the Tangshan earthquake of 1976.
May 19-21 has been annunciated as the national mourning days in memory of all victims in the earthquake.
Disaster makes us stronger and more united.
United, we are undefeated.
United, we can make a stand!
After the passage, and some useful expressions about earthquake(e.g. 众志成城Unity is strength; 一方有难，发放支援When disaster struck, help came from all sides), students are asked to talk about something about earthquake according to the outline below:
· Brief introduction about the earthquake
· What did the whole nation do? (or the whole world)
· What did you do?
· What should you do?
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Do you often travel by air? Do you enjoy it? Explain.
No, I don’t travel often by air, but I wish I could. As a student, I can’t afford to travel by air, as it is too expensive. The reason I like traveling by air is that it is fast and comfortable.
2. It is said that traveling by air is safer than any other form of transportation. Do you agree?
According to the statistics, the rate of air disasters is much lower than that of any other traffic accidents. We know more about air crashes simply because they are reported worldwide.
3. How do you feel when you hear of, or read about, an air disaster?
I will surely feel sad or grieved for a few days, for an air disaster usually results in many deaths at the same time.
4. Who was a better skater, Laurie or her sister Maribel?
Laurie was a better skater.
5. What was the weather like that day?
The weather was very good. It was warm and sunny with no storms or high winds.
6. How many times did the pilot try to land?
The pilot tried to land twice but failed
7. When did officials in the Brussels control tower sense that there must be something wrong with the plane?
They sensed that something must be wrong when the pilot lost contact with the control tower during the last few minutes before the scheduled landing.
7. What do you think was the impact of this plane crash on the sport of skating in the
U.S.?
Open.
II. Summary
In 1961 the 18 members of the US figure skating team boarded a plane to travel to Belgium on their way to the world championships in Czechoslovakia. As the plane approached Brussels the weather was good but something was wrong with the plane. Twice it descended as if to land but pulled up and ascended again. The second time it exploded and crashed to the ground. All 83 people on the plane were killed and there were ten families that had lost at least two dear members. The crash site was a scene of total destruction. Later three pairs of melted skates were found dangling from one of the wings. The competition in Prague was cancelled to honor the dead. Never before had such a terrible tragedy occurred in the sport of skating.
III. Related Information
1. New York City
New York city is the largest city in the United States, the home of the United Nations, and the center of global finance, communications, and business. Unlike most American cities, which make up only a part of a particular county, New York is made up of five separate counties, which are called boroughs. They are Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, the Bronx and Staten. New York City is unusual among cities because of its high residential density, its extraordinarily diverse population, its hundreds of tall office and apartment buildings, its thriving central business district, its extensive public transportation system, and its more than 400 distinct neighborhoods.
2. Figure Skating
The major types of competitive figure skating are individual men’s and women’s competitions, pairs skating, ice dancing, and precision skating. In individual competitions a single skater performs required elements and is judged on how cleanly and artistically the motions are executed. Pairs skating consists of two skaters performing together. In ice dancing partners carry out the artistic motions of dance on skates. Precision skating, which is a highly structured activity, consists of a team of skaters who perform choreographed maneuvers.
3. Brussels
Brussels is a city in central Belgium, capital and largest city of the country. Bilingual Brussels became one of Belgium's three federal regions in 1993, along with Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia. The city is located on the Senne River, and boasts tree-shaded boulevards, splendid parks, imposing monuments, and beautiful buildings. Centrally situated in northern Europe, Brussels is internationally important as the headquarters of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
4. Belgium
Belgium is a constitutional monarchy in northwestern Europe, bounded on the north by The Netherlands and the North Sea, on the east by Germany and Luxembourg, and on the south and southwest by France. With The Netherlands and Luxembourg, Belgium forms the Low, or Benelux, Countries. It is about 280 km long, measured in a southeast-northwest direction, about 145 km wide, and is roughly triangular in shape. The area is 30,528 sq km. The capital and largest city is Brussels.
5. Sabena Airlines
Sabena was founded in 1923, and opened its first scheduled service between Brussels and Strasbourg (France) in 1924. Scheduled services were further opened to London, Paris and Amsterdam.The first successful flight between Brussels and Léopoldville occurred in 1925, and a scheduled service between these two cities opened in 1938. In 1947, the first transatlantic service to New York was opened.In 1953, SABENA was the first airline in the world to launch an helicopter scheduled service, between Brussels and the European capitals. In April 2001, the fleet included 12 long-haul aircrafts and 66 median-haul aircrafts. SABENA has 11,000 employees and 1,500 more in outstations.
6. Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, located in the west central part of the country, in the region of Bohemia. Often called the City of a Hundred Spires because of its many churches and towers, Prague is the chief commercial, industrial, and cultural center of the Czech Republic. Unlike much of central Europe, the city was not seriously damaged in World War II and remains one of the most beautiful cities on the continent. From 1918 to 1993, Prague was the capital of Czechoslovakia, which came under Communist control after World War II.
IV. Language Points:
1. beam (~ at sb.): smile brightly and happily
He is beaming with delight.
He beamed inside.
获胜者满意地笑了。The winner beamed with satisfaction
2. senior: older in years, higher in rank, authority, etc.
Mr. Gray is a senior officer in this bank.
He is too senior to try for a young man's job.
3. bound:
ready to start, having started (for)
They were on the New York express, bound for Maine.
That ship is bound for South America.
4. distress: a state of danger or great difficulty
If the storm continues on the mountain, the climber will be in distress by morning.
The lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in distress.
5. approach: (n.) the act of approaching
Our approach drove away the wild animals.
With the approach of the Spring Festival the weather turned cold.
approach: (v.) come near or nearer
Walk softly as you approach the bed.
I saw a figure approaching towards me.
6. in any case: whatever happens
In any case, I shall return in a day or two.
In any case, I would insist upon your being paid.
7. rear: raise, lift up
A lion suddenly reared its head from among the tall grass.
They skyscraper rears above the neighboring buildings.
8. scatter: separate or cause to separate widely
A flock of birds scattered when the shot was fired.
The government scattered the factories instead of concentrating them in a singlearea.
9. Comb through:search something thoroughly
The students spent many hours in the library combing through old books looking for facts they wanted.
10.signal: (n.) something intended to warn, command, or give a message
A red light is often used as a danger signal.
American Indians used to occasionally send smoke signals.
(v.) send a signal or signals to
The general signaled to his officers for the attack to begin.
She was signaling wildly, waving her arms.
11. contact: get in touch with somebody
I shall contact you by telephone.
I must contact my lawyer before I make my final decisions.
12. wreckage: the broken parts of a destroyed thing
After the accident, the wreckage of the cars was removed from the highway.
The shore was covered with the wreckage of the destroyed ship.
V. Detailed study of the text
1. This was going to be the time of their lives. (para. 1)
This was going to be their most important and memorable experience.
这将成为他们生命中蔚为珍贵的一刻。
2. The crash site was a scene of total destruction. (para. 8)
The place where the plane crashed was completely covered with wreckage.
失事现场一片狼藉。
3. All that remained as rescuers combed through the wreckage were three pairs of melted skates dangling from one of the wings. (para. 9)
When rescue workers carefully looked through the wreckage, the only things they found (to remind them of the skaters) were three pairs of melted skates suspending from one of the wings.
救援人员仔细搜寻了遇难现场，所能找到的只有三双已经烧焦的冰鞋在残留的机翼上摇曳。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Passage B
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Talk about one or two calamities that have happened around you, or that you have heard of.
One of the calamities we probably know is the terrorist attack of the World Trade Center in the U.S. A. on Sept. 11, 2001, which resulted in the loss of several thousands of lives.
2. How should one react when he or she is in some sort of emergency?
One should try to make an emergency call for help, either to the police station, or to the fire brigade, or to the medical ambulance center.
3. How do you understand the proverb “calamity is man’s true touchstone”?
Calamity is one of the critical moments to test a person’s true courage and ability to face and conquer difficulties.
4. Why wasn't Katie worried about her children playing in the street?
She was not worried because they lived in a street where vehicles couldn't pass through.
5. How did the engine drivers and conductor act when they realized that there were children on the tracks?
Engineer Campana slammed on the train's brake and blasted the air horn, while conductor Falzo rushed out of the cab and hung over the front of the train, waving and shouting at the kids.
6. What made Katie realize that something was wrong with her children?
When she heard the air horn and the screech of the train's brake, she was aware that something was wrong with her children.
7. How did Falzo rescue the two children?
He leaped from the train, took two giant strides and grabbed them.
II. Summary
As Katie Pritchard unloaded some groceries from her car, she thought her two sons were playing safely nearby. But they had wandered onto a railroad track and into the path of an approaching train. The train's engineer and its conductor saw them on the track but could not stop the train in time. The boys ignored the train's whistling horn and screeching brakes.So the conductor, Tony Falzo, a former gymnast, hung from the front of the train, jumped at exactly the right moment, and rescued the two boys from the moving train, which barely missed crushing them before it finally stopped. One of the boys had a minor cut and the other was unharmed. The mother said she could find no word in a dictionary to express her gratitude to Tony.
III. Related Information
1. New Jersey
New Jersey is the fifth smallest state but one of the most diversified. Lying between New York City and Philadelphia, in the heart of the highly urbanized area called a megalopolis by some population experts, it is the second most urbanized state, behind only California, and the most densely populated. New Jersey is in the forefront of industrial research and development, but the continuing importance of farming is reflected in its nickname, the Garden State. New Jersey’s ready access to the markets of New York City and Philadelphia led to an early specialization in fresh fruits and vegetable production. As early as the 17th century, colonists described the area as a garden because of its agricultural bounty.
2. Webster’s
Noah Webster was an American lexicographer best known for his pioneering work An American Dictionary of the English Language. In 1825, having devoted more than 20 years to the study of the English language and having traveled in both England and France, Webster returned to New Haven to complete his monumental Dictionary. It contained 12,000 more words and about 40,000 more definitions than any earlier dictionary of the English language. Webster's importance does not rest only on the size of his work. He was the first authority to emphasize American rather than British usage and the first to list senses in the chronological order in which they made their appearance in the language. His etymologies were not entirely accurate by modern standards, but his precise definitions are models of lexical style. Also, by the inclusion of thousands of technical and scientific terms, Webster laid the groundwork for the modern comprehensive, rather than purely literary, dictionary. An enlarged edition of Webster's dictionary was issued in 1840; it has appeared in several later revisions. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, are the latest of these revisions.
IV. Language Study:
1. unload: remove (a load) from (something)
They unloaded the books from the car.
The plane unloaded the passengers at the terminal.
2. in the nick of time: just in time刚来得及；在最后时刻
你来的正是时候，火车正要开。
You got here in the nick of time – the train’s just leaving.
3. kneel: go down or remain on the knee(s)
She knelt down to pull a weed from flower-bed.
He went into the church, knelt (down) and began to pray.
4. pound: beat repeatedly
With a madly pounding heart he took the steps three a time.
His head pounded from the headache.
5. instant: a moment of time
Not for an instant did I believe he had lied.
Mr. Carey considered the question for an instant.
I don’t like instant coffee.
6. as good as new: in as good condition as when new
我把大衣的破处缝好， 就会完好如新了。
I’ll just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new.
7. everlasting: lasting for ever, endless
What is the key to everlasting happiness?
Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in history.
我厌倦了她和她那没完没了的怨言。I ‘m tired of her and her everlasting complaints.
那本书会让你永垂不朽. That book will give you everlasting fame.
8. wander: move about without aim or purpose
After tea I wandered alone about the town.
What peculiar pleasure it is to wander through a strange city.
9. put away: place something tidily
The letter were all put away in numbered files.
If you have finished with those tools, I wish you’d put them away.
10. roar: a deep loud continuing sound
She was frightened by the lion’s roars.
The roar of airplane engines announced a coming air aid.
11. slam: push, move hurriedly and with great force.
He slammed the book down on the table and angrily walked out.
She slammed on the brakes and the car came to a stop.
12. leap: jump over
When the bus slowed down the man leaped off.
He leaped six meters in the broad jump.
Look before you leap.
13. stride: a long step in walking
In a few strides he crossed the room.
He reached the house several strides before us.
14. appreciation: grateful feelingec
He showed no appreciation of my help.
The girls giggled their appreciation
How can we express our appreciation for you help?
V. Detailed study of the text.
1. Just over a slight rise to the west, a 19-car freight train slowly made its way up the incline. (para. 4)
On the other side of a small hill to the west, a 19-car freight train slowly climbed up the slope.
西面一个小坡上，一列19节车厢的货车正在慢慢地爬上斜坡。
2. Falzo knew right away that the train was going too fast to stop in time. (para.5)
Falzo quickly realized that the train was going too fast to stop before it hit the children.
福尔佐马上意识到火车速度太快，不可能适时停下来。
3. With one child tucked under each arm, he pressed Todd and Scott down into the roadbed gravel. (para. 8)
He quickly pressed the two kids one under each arm and pushed them down into the roadbed gravel between the rail tracks.
他把托德和斯科特分别夹在两只胳膊下，又迅速将他们摁倒在路基的砂石里。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Lesson Plan Unit 5
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class:
Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 5 Ways to Success, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
21. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn some quotes from famous people
22. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about famous people.
23. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P184-186. Learn the reading skill “identifying passage organization”.
24. Translation: Students learn to translate some relative and appositive clauses.
25. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the relative and appositive clauses, and learn to write greeting cards for achievements
Time Arrangement:
Unit 4 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: My Advice to Students: Education Counts(85 mins)
3) Doing the exerciseson P99 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: Christopher Reeve – A Real Superman (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in：
Listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.
Germany magazine of “Park Avenue”: top 100 influential Figures in the world
1. Chairman Jintao Hu of China
2. Two founders of Google:Larry Page & Sergey Brin
3. Russian President Putin
Some words of wisdom from some famous people:
1. Life is not fair, get used to it. 生活是不公平的；要去适应它.
2. If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss. He doesn‘t have tenure.
如果你认为你的老师严厉，等你有了老板再这样想。老板可是没有任期限制的。
3. Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not. In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they‘ll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn’t bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.
你的学校也许已经不再分优等生和劣等生，但生活却仍在作出类似区分。在某些学校已经废除不及格分；只要你想找到正确答案，学校就会给你无数的机会。这和现实生活中的任何事情没有一点相似之处。
4. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to success is more important than any other one thing.
5. Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up
6. If A is success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your mouth shut.
7. Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose.
8. Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
9. Each success only buys an admission ticket to a more difficult problem. 10. Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it. 11. I don't know the key to success, but the key to failure is to try to please everyone.
II. Dialogues
Dialogue 1:
chief
computing
timing
without (a) doubt
be conscious of
I hold the belief that
regret doing/to do
Dialogue 2:
be into
comment
as long as
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Who is Bill Gates? What do you know about him?
Bill Gates is the founder and the chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation. He is a world famous figure and a successful example for many young people to follow.
2. What do you think of school education? Does it play a significant role in your life?
School education plays an important role in my life. In my opinion, school education is a steppingstone towards success. Also. It provides an opportunity to learn of the world.
3. Do you want to pursue graduate study after you get your BA or BS? Explain
Those who go on pursuing a higher degree would be entitled to more opportunities later in life. But others may say working experience is more important. Personally, I haven’t yet made up my mind, as it is a little too early for me to make the decision.
4. Why do many students write to Gates every year?
They want to get his advice about education.
5. Why do some parents write to Gates?
They want to get guidance for their children.
6. What does Gates think of dropping out of school?
He discourages it.
7. Which university did Gates go to? Did he graduate with a degree?
He went to Harvard but he dropped out in his junior year.
8. Many students choose to work for a while before going to a university. What do you think of this?
Open.
II Summary
It is well known that Bill Gates dropped out of college. Some people even think he never finished high school. In fact he finished three years at Harvard, where he studied a variety of subjects and only took one computer class. His main advice to students is to do much as he did, but to finish college before dropping out unless the opportunity of a lifetime appears. He feels students should not specialize too soon. If they do specialize they should also pursue other subjects and make acceptable grades. Above all else he believes students should learn how to learn, so they can learn on their own outside the classroom. This in fact is how Gates learned most of what he knows about computers, though he apparently feels that most students need a somewhat more structured approach to education than he had.
III Related Information
1. Bill Gates
Gates, William Henry, III (1955- ) is an American business executive, who serves as chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the leading computer software company in the United States. Gates cofounded Microsoft in 1975 with high school friend Paul Allen. The company’s success made Gates one of the most influential figures in the computer industry and, eventually, one of the richest people in the world.
2. Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is a leading American computer software company. Microsoft develops and sells a wide variety of software products to businesses and consumers in more than 50 countries. The company’s Windows operating systems for personal computers are the most widely used operating systems in the world. Microsoft has its headquarters(总部） in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft’s other well-known products include Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint. These programs are sold separately and as part of Office, an integrated(整体的） software suite. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer allows users to browse the World Wide Web.
3. The State of Ohio
Ohio is one of the East North Central states of the United States. Ohio is located on several main routes between the eastern and western United States. Therefore it attracted settlers from all parts of the country and developed a culture significant for its diversity. Ohio first developed as an agricultural region, and more than half of the land is still devoted to growing crops and raising livestock(家畜）. The state’s position on major east-west highways and railroads and its access to Lake Erie and the Ohio River, however, offered a large potential market for industrial production. This strategic location, combined with the presence of abundant natural resources and potential sources of power, made possible the rise of the industrial concentrations that have made Ohio a leading industrial state.
IV. Language Study
1. Count: be of value/importance
We have only a few bullets left, so make each one count.我们只剩下几颗子弹了，因此要弹无虚发。
因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。
Her opinion counts because of her experience.
2. claim: say that (sth.) is true or is a fact without having any proof断言；声称
她声称和女王有亲属关系。
She claims that she is related to the Queen.
She claims to be related to the Queen.
Jean声称拥有一辆车，但是我不相信她。
Jean claims to own a car but I don't believe her.
3. perceive sth as sth: interpret sth. in a certain way; view
我认为他的批评是对我的激励。
I perceived his comment as a challenge.
4. let alone: without considering不必考虑
There isn’t enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat.
这个小孩甚至都不会走路，跟不必说是跑了。The baby can't even walk, let alone run.
我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不必说买好了。
I haven’t decided on the menu yet, let alone bought the food.
not to mention: as well as更不用说
他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵的汽车，且不说在法国还有一座别墅了。
He has a big house and an expensive car, not to mention a villa in France.
5. threaten: utter a threat; give warning of
Giant pandas are threatened with extinction.大熊猫有灭绝之虞。
The boss threaten an employee with dismissal.老板以开除要挟一个雇员。
The clouds threaten rain.有乌云预示要下雨。
6. foster: help (something) to grow or develop
Cooperative learning fosters a spirit of cooperation.
The mother tried to foster her son's interest in music by taking him to concerts when he was young.
7. focus on: v. direct one's attention to
As we can't study all the resources, I propose we focus attention on one of them.
今天我们主要关注伦敦无家可归的人们的问题上。
Today we're going to focus on the question of homeless people in London
8. lose oneself in sth.: 专心致志于become totally absorbed in, be preoccupied by
影片中的刺激情节很快就把我吸引住了。
I soon lost myself in the excitement of the film.
On a dull winter afternoon, Harry would sit by the fire and lose himself in a book.
be lost in sth.想的入神
9. discipline: a method of training
Learning poetry is a good discipline for the memory.
In learning a foreign language, pronunciation drills and question and answer drills are good discipline.
10. take advantage of: make use of; profit from
We should take full advantage of the exceptional opportunity open in experts.
You’d better take advantage of the warm weather by going for a walk this afternoon.
11. opportunity: a favorable moment or occasion (for doing something)
It will give you an opportunity to meet all kinds of people.
Don’t let slip any opportunity of practicing your English.
12. discourage: prevent (an action)
We discourage smoking in this school.
We tried to discourage him from climbing the mountain without a guide.
13. sign up: sign an agreement to take part in something
We will not have the picnic unless more people sign up
How many people signed up for this course?
14. appropriate: correct or suitable
Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.
It seemed appropriate to end with a joke.
V. Detailed Study of the Text
1. It's true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out--and I'd love to have the time to go back. (para. 4)
It's true that I left college early to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before I left, and if I had the time I'd love to go back (for my further study).
不错，为创建微软，我未完成大学学业，不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛呆了三年，而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。
2. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education. (para. 5)
As you are a success, my students tend to infer from your success that they don't have to worry very much about doing well in school.
你成功了，我的学生因此就认为没有必要接受良好的教育。
3. But somebody handing you a book doesn't automatically foster learning. (para. 10)
But if someone gives you a book you may not necessarily learn anything from it.
但人家递给你一本书并不能自动地让你学到东西。
4. In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. (para. 12)
Sometimes in high school I engaged myself wholly in writing software, but most of the time I studied a large variety of subjects.
读高中时，我有一段时间醉心于软件编写，但大部分时间里，我的学习兴趣相当广泛。
5. One parent wrote me that her 15-year-od son became completely preoccupied by the computer and ignored everything else.
One parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son "lost himself in the hole of the computer." (para. 14)
有位家长写信说，她15岁的儿子“钻进计算机无底洞里了”。
6. It's fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth. (para. 15)
It's OK to be very strongly interested in any subject or activity such as computers, dance, or language, but not if it makes your interests too narrow.
你对计算机、舞蹈、语言或其他任何的科目有深入的兴趣也无可厚非，但太偏执而舍弃学习广度则不是一件好事了。
7. If you fall into an obsessive pattern in high school, you've got two problems. (para. 16)
If you fall into a bad habit of having strong but narrow interests in high school, you have two problems (not just one).
如果高中阶段兴趣过于集中，你会面临两个问题。
8. Graduate school is one way to get specialized knowledge, although extended college education isn't always a good investment from a purely economic standpoint. (para. 17)
Graduate school is one way to study a particular academic area , but it may not be the wisest way to invest your time and your tuition money.
读研究生是获取专业知识的一个途径，不过从纯经济角度来看，大学毕业后再接受教育不总是明智的投资。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Passage B: Chrisptopher Reeve – A Real Superman
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. What kind of image does a superman produce in your mind?
A superman in my mind should look very strong and very smart but with super-natural
perseverance and a warm heart.
2. Have you ever watched a horse-riding competition?
Yes, I have, but it was on TV. Horse-riding is very popular in Hong Kong and many other Western countries. It is very exciting and attracts huge crowds of people. But sometimes an
accidents may happen if it is not handled properly.
3. How did Christopher fall off the horse?
The horse stopped suddenly, but Christopher kept going. This caused him to be thrown forward over the horse's head.
4. What did Christopher manage to do after the operation?
He managed to breathe on his own.
5. How long did Christopher stay in the hospital?
He stayed in the hospital for about seven months.
6. Why did Christopher begin to make public speeches after he left the hospital?
He made speeches to advice people not to give up whenever they face challenges.
7. What can we learn from Christopher?
Open.
II. Summary
Christopher Reeve at age 42 was a very successful actor with a wife and a young son. He was healthy, energetic, and athletic. In 1995 he entered a horse riding competition and had an accident. The fall broke his neck, permanently paralyzing him and threatening his life. Despite his deep despair, he persevered with his recovery. First he had to learn to breathe on his own, which took several months. Then he went home from the hospital and started his life and career again. He became a motivational speaker, encouraging others not to give up despite the challenges and obstacles they face. Eventually he also returned to acting and directing movies although he was still paralyzed. Every day he must face this depressing fact with optimism and will power. The courageous way he does so proves that he is still successfully playing his most famous role - Superman!
III Related Information
1. Superman
Superman is a motion picture about a newspaper reporter with supernatural powers. Released in 1978, this box-office票房 hit stars Christopher Reeve as Superman. Superman is a native of the planet Krypton, but he grows up on a farm in rural America. He moves to the big city and gets a job as a reporter. At the newspaper, he is known as mild-mannered reporter Clark Kent, but when he puts on his cape短斗篷 and fights crime, he becomes Superman. Superman rescues a kitten from a tree and California from falling into the ocean. He begins to fall in love with the reporter Lois Lane (played by Margot Kidder), and she begins to suspect that Superman and Clark Kent are one and the same. The film earned a special Academy Award for its visual effects and inspired three sequels续集, including Superman II
2. Christopher Reeve
Actor, director and activist 积极分子are just some of the words used to describe Christopher Reeve. From his first appearance at the Williamstown Theatre Festival at the age of 15, Reeve established a reputation as one of the country‘s leading actors. However, since he was paralyzed in an equestrian competition马术竞赛 in 1995, Reeve has not only put a human face on spinal cord injury but he has motivated neuroscientists around the world to conquer the most complex diseases of the brain and central nervous system.
3. State of Virginia
Virginia (state), in full Commonwealth of Virginia is a state in the eastern United States and one of the original 13 colonies. Named for the Virgin Queen, Elizabeth I of England, Virginia was England’s first successful overseas colony and the site of the first permanent English settlement in America. At one time it held territory from which several other states were later formed. West Virginia was part of Virginia until 1863. Virginia’s rich political heritage helped shape the democratic principles on which the United States was founded. Virginia played an important role in the American Revolution (1775-1783), and it entered the Union as the tenth of the original 13 states on June 25, 1788. During the American Civil War (1861-1865) the state’s capital, Richmond, was also capital of the Confederacy. The state has long been nicknamed Old Dominion.
4. Toronto
Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario, Canada, located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. Toronto has the largest metropolitan area in Canada and is the financial center of the country. The city is part of the Golden Horseshoe, a highly urbanized and industrialized region extending around the west end of Lake Ontario. In the 1990s Toronto was ranked among the top ten world cities, both in livability and as a place to do business.
5. Boston University
Boston University is a private, coeducational institution in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1839 in Newbury, Vermont, the school was the first Methodist (see Methodism) seminary in the United States. In 1847 the school moved to Concord, New Hampshire, and in 1867 it moved to Boston, where it was chartered as the Boston Theological Seminary. In 1869 the school was chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and renamed Boston University.
IV. Language Study:
1. approval: 1) admiration for someone
Examples: Oliver looked at Simon with approval.
We all like others to show approval of what we do.
2) the act of approving
Examples: He expressed his approval of the arrangement.
Dad indicated his approval with a nod of the head.
2. invincible: too strong to be overcome or defeated
Examples: They are invincible in battle.
That football team was once reputed to be invincible.
3. ease: 1) the ability to do something without difficulty.
The wall is so low that they jump over it with ease.
The ease with which he started the engine was remarkable.
2) the state of being comfortable and without worry and anxiety.
The retired couple lives a life of ease.
Let me put you at ease; we are all here as your friends, not to make life difficult for you.
4. relax: become less tense
The music will help to relax you.
A hot bath helps people relax.
His face relaxed in a smile.
5. obstacle: something in the way that stops progress or makes it difficult
A tree fallen across the road was an obstacle to our car.
His inability to learn foreign languages was an obstacle to his career.
6. communication: the act of communicating.
Speech and writing are man’s most important methods of communication.
Communication with people who are deaf is difficult.
7. break down: fall; (of machinery) fail to work
The peace talks have broken down.
We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
8. short: suddenly
The rider pulled his horse up short.
The driver stopped short when the child ran into the street.
9. pitch: (cause to ) fall heavily or suddenly forwards or outwards
The man lost his balance and pitched down the cliff.
His foot caught in a rock and he pitched forward.
10. result in: have as a result; cause
The accident resulted in the deaths of 2 passengers.
His angry words resulted in a flight.
11. on one’s own: without help
I can’t carry it on my own; it is too heavy.
Do you mean you’ve left her to do that on her own?
12. at the time: at the moment when something happened
He called at my office yesterday morning, but I could not see him, as I was having a meeting at the time.
I told you at the time that I thought you were stupid.
13. despair: v. lose hope of
Don’t despair: things will get better soon.
During the war, the soldier despaired of ever coming home alive.
n. complete lack or loss of hope
Defeat after defeat filled us with despair.
His despair of becoming a great artist made him stop painting.
14. give up: stop having or doing
She had to give up her attempt to swim the Channel
John had given up attending the Board meeting.
15. undergo: experience (especially suffering or difficulty)
The explorers had to undergo much suffering.
I hope I shall never again have to undergo such an unpleasant experience.
The early settlers underwent many hardships.
16. restore: bring back to a good or desirable state, especially of health
He feels completely restored to health after a period of intensive care.\
The doctor restored her power of speech.
17. emphasize: place a special attention on
He emphasized the importance of being honest.
The teacher emphasized the importance of care in crossing the road.
She emphasized what we expected her to emphasize.
18. aid: support; help
The family lived on government aid for two years.
A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.
19. set out: begin a course of action
He set out to break the world record.
He set out to cut the grass, but he finished up talking to the neighbor over the garden wall.
20. sustain: (enable to ) keep up, maintain
They had nothing to sustain them all day except two cups of coffee.
The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in learning English.
21. at a time: one(two etc.) on each occasion; separately
He took the stairs two at a time.
I’m always a couple of weeks at a time.
22. turn to: shift to
After he left the university, he became a teacher, but later he turned to journalism.
In a time of grief, it often helps to turn to some new activity.
23. despite: in spite of
He came to the meeting despite his illness.
Despite a shortage of steel, industrial output had increased by five percent.
V. Detailed Study of the Text
1. No one could imagine Christopher Reeve any other way. (para. 1)
This was the only way anyone could imagine Christopher Reeve.
谁也无法想象克里斯托弗会是另外一种样子。
2. His horse, Eastern Express, appeared to be in fine shape. (para.2)
His horse, Eastern Express, seemed ready to run and win the race.
他的坐骑“东方快车”显得状态颇佳。
3. He thought it might be best for his family, too. (para. 5)
He thought it might also be the best thing for his family (if he would die).
他想放弃生存对家人而言也是最佳方案。
4. Wherever Christopher appeared, his speeches met with standing ovations - and many teary faces. (para. 8)
Wherever Christopher appeared, people stood to applaud and many of them were moved to tears.
不论克里斯托弗出现在哪里，人们都起立喝彩，很多人甚至泪流满面。
5. After nighttime dreams of running and playing with his son, he needed the 20 minutes "to wake up and make that shift…"(para. 11)
After dreaming at night about running and playing with his son, he needed 20 minutes to adjust to the fact that he was still crippled.
整晚都梦见和儿子奔跑玩耍，他需要20分钟来“清醒和调整……”
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Lesson Plan Unit 6
Lesson Plan Designer: Leng Wenxue
Class:
Student entry level: Students at the level of CE1
Time available of the whole unit: 8 periods (400 mins) in total
Instructional goals: Help students reach the level of CE2 described in the Teaching Syllabus of the Course for College English, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, which is displayed at the beginning of the Lesson Plan.
Title of the lesson: Unit 6 Sports and Health, Experiencing English, Integrated Book 2
Objectives: After learning this unit, students are expected to make progress in the following
five aspects.
26. Culture: After learning the passages, students can learn an introduction to the emblems of the Olympic Games.
27. Listening and speaking: Students first listen and then learn to talk about sports.
28. Reading: Students should master some important new words and expressions listed from P186-189. Learn the reading skill “taking notes”.
29. Translation: Students learn to translate participles.
30. Writing: Students are expected to grasp the participles, and learn to write health background form.
Time Arrangement:
Unit 4 (8 periods)
1) Preparation (warm-up activities) (15 mins)
2) Learning new words, expressions and discussing Passage A: Never Give Up (85 mins)
3) Doing the exercises on P119 (30 mins)
4) Discussing and doing exercises of Passage B: Finding a Balance (100 mins)
5) Practical writing and culture salon (70 mins)
6) Listening and speaking practice (100 mins)
Teaching Methods:
Under the guidance of student-centered principle, apply communicative and heuristic teaching methods, stimulate students’ interest in learning English and get students involved in class participation.
Instructional procedures
I. Lead in：
Listen to the passage (at least 3 times) and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.
II. Dialogues
Dialogue 1: Talking About Sports
be fond of
quit
Dialogue 2: Talking About Sports
Fitness center 健身中心
muscleman
energetic
III. Communicative Tasks
Task1:
Topic: Talking about sports
Roles: John and Lee
Situation: John and Lee talk about the sports they are interested in.
go in for sth./doing sth.: have sth. as an interest or a hobby.
She goes in for a lot of sports.她很喜欢运动。
Task 2:
Topic: Talking about sports
Roles: John and Zhou
Situation: John and Zhou meet each other while jogging. They talk about sports they like.
Passage A
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Do you enjoy watching figure skating? Explain.
Yes, I enjoyed it very much. But when I say I enjoy it, I mean I enjoy watching it because figure skating requires a combination of strength, elegance, and grace. We also call it “the ballet on ice.”
2. Do you know any famous figure skaters? Share what you know with each other.
There are many famous figure skater in the world. In China, the most famous single figure skater is Chen Lu. In the U.S. the most famous one is Michele Kwan. There are quite a number of famous figure skaters in Russia as well.
3. What do you usually do in facing difficulties?
Many people would stand up to face the difficulties while others would feel depressed and discouraged in front of them.
4. How was Paul Wylie’s life changed after he won the silver medal?
He was regarded as a hero, traveling on figure-skating world tours, being invited to exclusive events, and with figure skating fans chasing for his autographs.
5. What did the question "what are you doing here?" imply?
It implied that people were unhappy with Paul Wylie's performance.
6. Did Paul Wylie expect what he would see back in his home country after he won the silver medal in France?
No, he didn't. He had no idea how his performance was unfolding on U. S. television.
7. Why did Paul Wylie give the answer "daily" to the question "how often do you contemplate retirement?"
He answered "daily" because he was undergoing a very difficult time in his skating career and it was hard for him to keep going.
8. Was Paul Wylie a famous skater in the U. S. before he won the silver medal?
No, he wasn't. He had been struggling for many years on his way towards success.
II. Summary
Paul Wiley was a 27-year-old American ice skater who could never win the big competitions. Many times he considered retirement but he persevered. Younger skaters consistently defeated him, yet he kept practicing and competing. Then he finished second in the 1992 Olympics in France and became a hero. Applause greeted him as he stepped off the plane bringing him home from the Olympics. Fame and endorsements came his way.
But he remained very modest and did not consider himself a hero. He said that selfless service can make a true hero, and he also hoped that his story would inspire other people. This would be another kind of hero. Like skating, he felt that life requires the regular practice of small actions which add up to make a larger whole. It's not necessary to be famous to be a hero in daily life.
III. Notes to the Text
1. Washington, D.C
Washington, D.C., a city as well as a district, is the capital of the United States of America. The city of Washington is coextensive with the District of Columbia (D.C.), the federal district of the United States. Washington is today the core of one of the largest metropolitan areas in the country and serves as a center of both national and international politics and diplomacy.
2. 1992 Winter Olympics, Albertville
The 1992 Albertville Olympic Games were the last Winter Games to be staged in the same year as the Summer Games. Only 18 of the 57 events were held in Albertville itself, while nearby resorts hosted the rest.
3. 1988 Winter Olympics, Calgary
Calgary's dream to host the Olympics finally came true on its fourth candidacy. The term of the winter games was extended from 12 days to 16 days, the same as the summer games, as from the Calgary Olympics.
4. Todd Eldredge
Full Name: Todd James Eldredge
Representing: United States
Coach: Richard Callaghan
Born: August 28, 1971
Hometown: Chatham, Massachusetts (now
living and training in Michigan)
Interests: Golf, sports cars, computers
"In your mind, you can imagine
anything. That's part of the
reason I came back. You dream
certain things and you hope to
achieve those dreams."
· -Todd Eldredge, Los Angeles 1/10/02
5. Kurt Browning
Kurt Browning is Canada's Four Time Canadian and World Figure Skating Champion. He is one of the most celebrated skaters in his native country of Canada, and the world. Kurt has landed himself a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the first man to complete a Quadruple Jump at the World Figure Skating Championships in Budapest, Hungary on March 25, 1988.
6. USA Today
USA Today --- A Window on the World
There’s no better daily source for articles about the USA and its culture than syndicated features from USA TODAY, the pioneer of modern newspapers. Every day, subscribers receive 20-25 articles on Trends Across the USA, News, Money, Entertainment, Life and Health, Sports and Opinion. Check out USA Today's famed Web site: http://www.usatoday.com/
7. 2002 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, Utah hosts the 2002 Winter Olympic Games starting February 8, 2002. The games lasted 17 days and featured more than 180 events in 15 different sports.
IV. Language Study:
1. quit: stop (doing something)
He quit his job for a better position.
He should really quit smoking.
2. persevere: continue firmly in spite of difficulties
He persevered at his search for a job.
Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research.
He persevered at his search for a job.
Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research.
3. in the way:
The chair is in the way; so move it, please.
Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was only in the way.
4. count out: leave out by choice
If you are playing football in this rainy weather you can count me out.
We have ten applicants for the post, but two of them have now accepted other
appointments, so we can count them out.
5. at times: sometimes
I do feel a little nervous at times.
We have pie for dinner at times.
6. survey: general view
We made a survey of the uses of English.
They ran a survey of the most popular television programs.
7. have a shot: try
I don't know if I can do that, but I'll have a shot (at it).
Have a shot at solving the problem.
8.as opposed to: in contrast to
It happened in the day as opposed to the evening.
This is a book about business as opposed to theory.
9. exclusive: not shared with others
The actress granted the reporter an exclusive interview.
This company has the exclusive right to print Mr. Dare's books.
10. crisis: a turning point in the course of anything
I was on the verge of a terrible crisis in my life.
The potentiality for future government crises was growing.
11. behind the scenes: out of sight, secretly, without public knowledge
He is an important man behind the scenes.
John was president of the club, but behind the scenes Robert told him what to do.
12. exclusive: not shared with others
The actress granted the reporter an exclusive interview
This company has the exclusive right to print Mr. Dare’s books.
13. crisis: a point or moment of great danger, difficulty, or uncertainty.
I was on the verge of a terrible crisis in my life.
The potentiality for future government crises was growing.
14. survey: investigation using a pool or questionnaire
We made a survey of the uses of English.
They ran a survey of the most popular television programs.
15. interview: ask question of (somebody)
He interviewed all the applicants one by one.
In the oral test the students is interviewed by an examiner.
V. Detailed Study of the Text.
1. The silver medal he earned in Albertville, France, ushered the 27-year-old figure skater into a new existence. (para. 2)
The second-place medal he earned in Albertville, France, gave the 27-year-old figure skater a new status and reputation.
这位27岁的花样滑冰运动员在法国的阿尔贝维尔获得了银牌，生活从此改观。
2. He was no longer a nobody who choked at big events, like the 1988 Calgary Olympics, where he finished an unimpressive 10th. (para. 2)
He was no longer a little-known competitor who became nervous and could not win in major competitions, like the 1988 Calgary Olympics where he finished 10th and few people noticed him.
1988年的卡尔加里冬奥会上，他表现平平，只得了第10名，如今他再也不是在大型赛事中举止失措的无名小卒了 .
3. No longer the target of loaded questions from reporters covering the '91 Olympic Trials ("What are you doing here?"). (para. 3)
(He was) no longer asked embarrassing and irritating questions (such as "Why are you here?") by the reporters reporting on the 1991 Olympic Trials.
跟踪报道1991年冬奥会选拔赛的记者们曾问他“你来这儿干什么？”，如今再也不会有这种恶意的提问了。
4. But I just decided, I'm going to persevere and hang in there, because I have a shot."(para. 7)
But I just decided I'd keep practicing and competing, because I really had a chance to win.
“我写的是‘每天’，因为要坚持下去实在是太难了。但我还是下定决心要坚持下去，决不放弃，我要全力一搏。”
5. With medal in hand, Paul was suddenly ushered into a world of lucrative endorsements and figure-skating world tours, of exclusive events and autograph seekers.(para. 9)
Now that he was a medal winner, Paul had many new opportunities to make money from signing advertising contracts or traveling around the world with skating shows, being invited to special events for famous people and signing autographs for the fans.
手中拿着奖牌，保罗突然进入到一个全新的世界：财源不断的签约、花样滑冰巡回赛、独家采访、追星族要求签名。
6. Heroism, Paul has observed, requires daily maintenance.(para. 11)
Paul has noticed that heroism requires daily perseverance, ie a medallist has to persevere in training in order to keep the honor.
保罗还说，英雄是需要日日维护的。
7. As an Olympic medal loses its luster after years of storage, a hero will lose his credibility if he stops looking to the needs of others.(para. 12)
Over the years the public may forget about an Olympic medal winner and stop trusting him if he does not pay attention to what other people want or need.
收藏多年之后，奥运奖牌会退去它最初的光泽；若是不再关注别人的需要，英雄也会失去其知名度。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage A
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
Passage B Finding a Balance
I. Warm-up activities to arouse students’ interest in learning the unit
Ask some lead-in questions and students can answer the questions according to their own understanding.
1. Have you ever had a diet? Explain. And what do you think is the consequence of overweight?
Being over’ weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high. fat diets as with excess weight.
2. What do you usually do to keep fit?
I keep fit by going swimming, playing badminton or football, etc.
3. How do keep a balanced diet?
I usually eat foods with low calories and fat, and have more vegetables and fruit. And at the same time I jog three times a week.
4. When did the narrator start to reflect seriously on her weight-loss efforts
She began to think about the reason why she couldn't lose weight even if she tried some diets.
5. What did the author have to do while the narrator was reducing her weight?
She had to combine her cooking with healthful eating.
6. How did the narrator feel after she lost 165 pounds?
She felt she was in tune with her body and herself.
7. How did the narrator help others lose weight?
She published a book of low-fat recipes and ran workshops and seminars on healthful eating.
8. What will you do in order to live a balanced life?
Open.
II. Summary
The author was an overweight child who kept gaining weight as an adult. She enjoyed cooking and eating but did not enjoy being fat. Her highest weight was 330 pounds. At a friend's New Year's Eve party she saw herself in a mirror and decided to lose weight. Keeping this goal in mind, she resolved to become healthier and happier. After some trial and error she found a weight loss plan that worked. She discovered that she could eat moderate portions of tasty foods, exercise regularly, and gradually lose half her weight. As this occurred, her confidence improved and she became fit rather than fat. Now she teaches other people how to control their weight, and she has published a book of low-fat recipes. She has found herself as a helpful person and her dreams of being slim and healthy are now within reach.
III. Notes to the Text
1. New Year’s Eve Party
Each year First Night® Whittier New Year's Eve Party presents an event which celebrates the new year. Activities are:
· Grand Processional Parade
· Fireworks Extravaganza at Midnight
· Demonstrating Artists, Children's crafts and more
· Variety of musical performances
· Dance performances
2. Losing Weight
Rather than "going on a diet", think of it as a whole lifestyle change with losing weight being part of the result. A lifestyle you can happily continue once at goal weight. Exercise is crucial -- not only for weight loss -- but for general health. It doesn't have to be going to a gym -- try to find something you enjoy -- gardening, rambling. Only a small amount of extra activity can make a tremendous difference.
3. Low-fat Recipes
Our goal at Low Fat Recipes is to help you replace your old eating habits with nutritious, good-tasting recipes. By using the low-fat recipes on this site, we will help you achieve your goal of a trimmer, healthier body.
· Here's your chance to choose healthy, low-fat food in just seconds. The recipes on this site will help keep cooking fun, which is how it should be!
IV. Language Study
1. inclined: likely; tending (to)
Many language teachers are inclined to talk too much.
He did not seem inclined to work.
2. miserable: very unhappy
Their living conditions were miserable.
Her face had a miserable expression.
3. deprive (of): take away from, prevent from using
She has been deprived of sight for some years.
These children are deprived of equal educational opportunities.
4. combine: (cause to) come together
To succeed as an artist one must combine talent and discipline.
Some films combine education with recreation.
5. solution: an act or way of finding an answer to a difficulty or problem
It was a very good solution for my difficulty.
The solution of the problem required many hours.
6. trial and error: a method of discovery, solving problems, etc. based on
practical experiment and experience rather than on theory
He found the best way of driving through London by trial and error.
He learned how to cook by trial and error.
7. modify: change (something) slightly esp. to improve it or make it less
You'll have to modify the height of the table to make it fit.
These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully
8. favorite: something or someone that is loved above all others
How clever of you to buy chocolate chip cookies - they are my favorites.
I like all her books but this one is my favorite.
9. ups and downs: good and bad periods
Life is full of ups and downs.
Their marriage has gone through ups and downs.
10. set one's mind to: give all one's attention to doing (something)
If she sets her mind to finishing the work today, she can certainly do so.
After hearing the sad news, John could not set his mind to his work that afternoon.
11. out of reach: can't be touched
Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
12. priority: the state, quality, position, or
right of being first in position or earlier in time
They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations.
Fire engines and ambulances have priority over other traffic.
13. tease: make fun of
At school, the other children always teased me because I was fat.
We teased her about her new cat.
14. healthful: likely to produce good health
Regular exercise is very healthful.
He carefully chose a healthful diet.
15. healthy:
1) likely to produce good health
This is a healthy plant.
Smith found wood chopping a healthy pastime.
2) having good health
Smog is the enemy of healthy lungs.
He lived to be ninety-eight, the healthiest man in the town.
V. Detailed Study of the Text
1. I caught my reflection in a mirror and the truth hit me. (para. 3)
I saw my image in the mirror and it became very obvious (that I was fat).
我看见镜子里的自己，被看到的情景吓坏了 .
2. My biggest challenge was finding a way to fit my passion for cooking into my healthier lifestyle.(para.5)
It was very difficult to keep enjoying cooking so much while eating so little healthy food.
最大的挑战在于，如何找到一个办法，既能满足我对烹饪的热爱，又能保持较为健康的生活方式。
3. I didn't feel deprived, and I felt free to give my body the care and attention it deserved. (para. 5)
I didn't feel hungry or ignored, and I was eager to give my body the exercise and other care that it needed.
我不觉得苦，我觉得我应该给我的身体应有的关心和注意。
4. Another challenge to me was not to beat myself up if I ate something that was unhealthy and to take it as a sign to abandon my healthful habits. (para. 6)
Another difficulty was not to feel guilty or inferior if I ate something unhealthy, and not to use this as an excuse to stop dieting or exercising because of one small failure.
对我来说 另外一个挑战不是吃了什么不健康的食物就去过分自责，以为自己放弃了健康的习惯.
5. Now that I know what I can achieve when I set my mind to it, my dreams are no longer out of reach. (para. 8)
Now that I know what I can do if I really want to, I can reach goals I once thought were very unlikely.
我既然已经知道，我下定决心就能达到目的，我的梦想已不再遥不可及。
6. I have finally found myself.(para. 8)
I have finally discovered my strengths and who I am or discovered my identity.
我终于找回了自我。
VI. Doing exercises of Passage B
Some of the exercises are omitted here.
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