词汇英语词根词缀整理

英语词根词缀 ( Magic Stone 2004 说明：* 表示重要；在重音模式标注中，一个“-”代表一个音节。 1. *a- [Latin] 1) see ab- [Greek] 2) not, without [an- before a vowel]: amoral, anarchy, acentric, asocial, apolitical, anarchism [English] 3) at, on, in, intensive: aback, afloat, abed, ablaze, aloud, asleep, abreast 2. *ab- away [a- before m, p, v; abs- before c, t]: abdicate, abduct, abjure, abominable, avert, abstract, absorb, abnormal, abuse, abaxial 3. *–ability n. of adj. ending in –able: stability, changeability, adaptability（重音a’bility） 4. *–able [often -ible after t, s]1) that can ~: perishable, changeable, adaptable 2) that can be ~ed: provable, expendable, readable, irresistible 3) full of ~: knowledgeable 4) [added to stems]: capable, probable（通常不影响重音，但’reconcile→irrecon’cilable） 5. *-ably adv. of adj. ending in –able: peaceably, comfortably, suitably (通常不影响重音) 6. *ac- see ad- 7. *–ac 1) characteristic of: elegiac, demoniac 2) of, relating to: cardiac 3) affected by, having: maniac (both adj. and n.) （重音’- - ac） 8. –acal =-ac adj. maniacal （重音’- acal） 9. acantho- thorn [acanth- before a vowel]: acanthoid 10. –acea用于动物纲名、目名: Crustacea（重音’acea） 11. –acean 1) adj. of words ending in –acea or –acea (=aceous) 2) a member of the stated category: Crustacean（重音’acean） 12. –aceae 用于植物科名: Pinaceae （重音’aceae） 13. –aceous 1) adj. of words ending in –acea or –acea: Crustaceous 2) adj. [added to stems]: curvaceous, herbaceous （重音’aceous） 14. –acerb- bitter, violent: acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate 15. aceto- 醋酸 [acet- before a vowel]: acetic, acetate 16. *–acious adj. characterized by, inclined to, full of: tenacious, fallacious, rapacious, sagacious, veracious （重音’acious） 17. *–acity n. of words ending in –acious: tenacity, sagacity, rapacity, veracity (重音’acity)  18. *–acle n. thing: spectacle, obstacle, manacle, tentacle, pentacle (不影响重音) 19. acou- listen: acoustic, acouophone 20. acri- sour, sharp: acrimonious, acrimony 21. *acro- 1) pointed: acrocephaly 2) topmost: acronym, acrobat, acrophobia 22. actino- of rays: actinotherapy, actinogram 23. acu-, acut- sharp: acute, acupuncture, acumen 24. *–acy n. [esp. of adj. ending in –ate] quality, position, condition: accuracy, obstinacy, determinacy, privacy, intimacy (不影响重音) 25. *ad- motion towards, addition to, nearness to, intensive [ab- before b]: abbreviate [ac- before c, k, qu]: acquit, accept, accustom, account, accredit, accompany [af- before f]: afforest, affright, affix, affirm [ag- before g]: aggravate, aggression, aggrandize [al- before l]: alleviate, allude [an- before n]: annotate, annex, announce [ap- before p]: appoint, appropriate, appraise, appease [ar- before r]: arrest, arrive, arrange, arrear [as- before s]: assess, assault, assimilate, assure, associate [at-before t]: attire, attest, attune, attract [a- before sc, sp, st]: ascend, aspire, astringent [ad- before h, j, m, v] admonish, adhere, adjacent, advertise, adjust, admixture, adventure 26. –ad [Greek] 1) the name of certain collective numerals: dyad, monad 2) the title of any of certain poems: Iliad 3) any of certain plants: cycad [Latin] 4) adv. towards, in the direction of: caudad (不影响重音) 27. *–ade 1) the act of ~ing: blockade 2) result or product: arcade 3) participants in an action: brigade 4) drink made from: lemonade （重音: ‘ade） 28. adeno- gland or glands [aden- before a vowel]: adenoma, adenoid 29. adip- fat: adipose 30. *aer-, aeri-, aero- air: aerate, aerogram, aerospace, aerosphere, airy, aerial, aerodrome, aerolith, aerial, aerify, aerology 31. *af- see ad- 32. *Afro- African: Afro-American 33. *after- coming behind or later: aftertaste, aftermath, aftercare, afterlife 34. *ag- see ad- 35. *–ag-, -ig-, -agit- (frequentative), -act- do, drive, make: agent, agenda, activate, agitate, enact, actual, activism, activity, counteract, exact, exacting, inactive, inaction, interact, react, transact, agency, agile, agility, litigate, navigate 36. *–age n. 1) action, condition, or result of: marriage, cleavage, usage, shrinkage 2) amount or number of: acreage, mileage, percentage 3) cost of: postage, freightage, wharfage 4) place of: steerage, village, anchorage 5) collection of: peerage, package, wrappage 6) home of: hermitage, orphanage 7) loan words from French: savage, voyage (不影响重音) 37. –agog-, -agogue 1) leader: demagogue 2) a substance that induces the secretion of: galactagogue （重音’- agogue） 38. –agon- contend agony, agonize, antagonist, protagonist 39. *agri-, agro- [agr- before a vowel] field: agriculture, agrarian, agrology, agricorporation, agronomy, agrobiology, agro-town, agrestic, agrochemicals 40. –ain n. 1) person: villain, captain, chieftain 2) thing: quatrain (不影响重音) 41. *–aire n. 1) person: millionaire, doctrinaire 2) thing: questionnaire （重音’aire） 42. *al- [Arabic] 1) used in words of Arabic origin: algebra, alchemy [Latin] 2) see ad- 43. *–al 1) adj. of, like, or suitable for: hysterical, theatrical, personal, national, natural, exceptional 2) n. the act or process of: arrival, rehearsal, recital, appraisal, overthrowal 3) 醛: furfural 4) 巴比土酸盐: barbital （重音：一般不影响重音，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ – al; 另外，若前面为ic，则重音为’ - ical） 44. alacri- quick: alacrity 45. alb- white: albino, album, albumen 46. –algia pain: odontalgia, nostalgia, neuralgia （重音’algia） 47. ali- another, other: alias, alibi, alien 48. *–ality: n. of adj. ending in –al: mentality, morality, logicality, formality, technicality （重音’ality） 49. *–ally adv. of adj. ending in –al: actually, politically, climaticaaly, heroicaaly, conditionally 50. *-alter- the other: adultery, adulterate, alternate, alternative 51. *–alt- high: altitude, exalt, alto, altar, altimeter, altimetry, altocumulus 52. *–am-, -amor-, -amat- love: amity, amorous, amatory, amour, paramour, amateur, amateurish 53. *ambi- both, around: ambidextrous, ambience 54. *–ambul- walk: ambulance, preamble, somnambulism, ambulant, perambulate, ambulate, noctambulant 55. –amen- as one wishes: amenity, amenable 56. –amic- friend: amicable 57. amphi- two: amphibian, amphitheater 58. –ampl- large: ample, amplify, amplifier 59. amylo- 淀粉: amyloid 60. *an- 1) see a- 2) see ad- 61. *–an n. and adj. 1) (one) belonging to or having some relation to: diocesan 2) (one) born in or living in: Mexican, African, European 3) (one) believing in or following: Lutheran, Mohammedan (通常不影响重音，但’ean ) 62. *ana- 1) up, upward: anadromous 2) back, backward: anagram 3) again: Anabaptist 4) throughout: analysis 5) according to, similar to: analogy 63. *–ana sayings, writings, anecdotes, facts, or objects of: Americana, Victoriana （重音’ana） 64. *–ance n. 1) the act or process of: discontinuance, resistance, attendance, guidance 2) the quality or state of being: forbearance, vigilance 3) a thing that ~s: hindrance 4): a thing that is ~ed: utterance (通常重音’ - - ance，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’- ance) 65. –ancill- maidservant: ancillary 66. *–ancy =ance [but different words may take different endings]: buoyancy, expectancy, occupancy, conservancy, elegancy, militancy (通常重音’ - - ancy，但如果原词末尾发音是双辅音或双元音，重音则为’- ancy) 67. –and see -end 68. *–andr- male, man: polyandry, androgynous, android 69. –androus having the stated number of stamens: monandrous 70. –ane 1) 饱和烃: methane, ethane 2) 某些环状化合物: cyclohexane 71. *–aneity n. of adj. ending in –aneous: spontaneity, spontaneity, contemporaneity （重音’eity） 72. *–aneous adj. of a certain quality: extraneous, spontaneous, instantaneous, miscellaneous （重音’aneous） 73. angio- blood vessel: angiomatosis 74. *Anglo- Britain: anglophile, Anglophobia, Anglo-American 75. *–anim- 1) spirit, breath, life, mind: animal, animate, inanimate, animism, unanimous, magnanimous, longanimity, exanimate, reanimate, animated 2) hostility: animosity 76. *–ann-, -enn- year: annual, annuity, biannual (twice a year), annals, anniversary, annalist, annuity, annuitant, superannuate, biennial (once very two years), perennial, millennium 77. *-ant [adj. or n. of n. ending in –ance or –ancy] 1) adj. that has, shows or does: defiant, radiant, vigilant, determinant, assistant, repentant 2) n. a person or thing that: occupant, accountant, insurant, informant, coolant, stimulant (通常重音’ - - ant，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’- ant) 78. *ante- before, in front of: anteroom, antecedent, antenatal 79. –anth- flower: anthology, chrysanthemum 80. *-anthrop- humankind: anthropology, philanthropist, paleoanthropology, anthropoid, misanthropy, anthropotomy 81. *anti- [ant- before a vowel] against, the opposite: Antarctica, antibiotic, antihero, antiwar 82. api- bee: apiary 83. apo- [ap- before a vowel or h] away from: apogee, apology, apostasy, aphelion 84. –apt- fit, suitable: aptitude, adapt 85. *–aqua-, -aque- water: aquarium, aqueous, aquatic, aqualung, aqueduct, aquiferous 86. aquil- eagle: aquiline 87. *–ar 1) adj. of, relating to, like, of the nature of: singular, polar，similar, insular, nuclear 2) n. the agent of a particular action =-er: registrar, scholar, beggar, liar, pedlar (不影响重音) 88. –arbitr- judge: arbitrate, arbitrary 89. arc- arch: arcade 90. *arch- chief: archenemy, archbishop 91. *–arch- rule, ruler: monarch, monarchy, anarchy, autarchy, gynarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, matriarch, plutarchy 92. archaeo-, archeo- ancient: archeology, archeologist 93. -ard-, -ars- burn: ardent, ardor, arson 94. *–ard, -art person or thing [often derog.]: braggart, tankard, drunkard, laggard, Spaniard, coward, wizard (不影响重音) 95. *–arian n. or adj.1) (one) characterized by or having: octogenarian, centenarian 2) (one) believing in: Unitarian, utilitarian, vegetarian 3) (one) associated with: antiquarian, agrairian（重音’arian） 96. *–arium place or container: aquarium, planetarium, sanitarium, ovarium （重音’arium） 97. *-arm- arms: armament, armistice 98. *-art- art, skill: artifice, artifact, artisan 99. arteri- of artery: arteriosclerosis 100. arthr- of joints: arthritis 101. –articul- joint: articulate, articulation 102. *–ary: 1) adj. relating to, connected with: ordinary, contemporary, military, urinary, imaginary, elementary 2) n. a person or thing connected with: adversary, dictionary, secretary, notary, missionary, dignitary （通常重音British: ‘- - ary, American: ‘- - ‘ary, 但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ - ary） 103. –ase enzyme: amylase  104. –asper- rough: asperity, exasperate 105. –ast person (corresponding to words ending in -asm): enthusiast, gymnast（重音’- - ast） 106. *–aster-, -astr- star: asteroid, disaster, astronomer, astrology, astrodog, astronaut, astrophysics, astral, asterisk, asteroid 107. –aster person of the stated kind (derog.): poetaster, medicaster, philosophaster 108. *–ate v. 1) to become: evaporate, maturate 2) to cause to become: invalidate, rejuvenate, differentiate 3) to form or produce: ulcerate 4) to provide or treat with: vaccinate, hypenate 5) to out in the form of, or form by means of: delineate 6) to arrange for: orchestrate 7) to combine, infuse or treat with: oxygenate （通常重音’- - ate //） 109. *–ate adj. 1) of or characteristic of: collegiate, corporate, roseate 2) having or filed with: passionate, proportionate, affectionate 3) roughly corresponding to p.p ending in –ed animate, determinate （通常重音’- - ate //） 110. *-ate n. an office, function, agent, official or group of officials: potentate, directorate, advocate, candidate 2) the land, territory, or dominion of: priorate, sultanate 3) a person or thing that is the object of: legate, mandate 4) [in chemistry] slat made from any of certain acides with names ending in –ic: nitrate, carbonate, borate 5) [in chemistry] a result of some process: distillate （通常重音’- - ate //） 111. –athlon an sports event or activity for collecting money: decathlon, talkathlon 112. *–atic adj. of n. ending in –ate, -cy, -m or after a root: climatic, ecstatic, aquatic, systematic （重音’atic） 113. *–ation n. of v. ending in –ate or –te [action, condition or result]: animation, invitation, variation, quotation, examination （重音’ation） 114. *–ative adj. of n. ending in –ation: speculative, illustrative （重音与原动词同，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ - ative） 115. *–ator doer: educator, instigator （重音与原动词同） 116. *-atory 1) adj. of some n. ending in –ation: explanatory, derogatory, preparatory 2) n. place: conservatory, laboratory, lavatory (通常重音英音’ - atory，美音’ – a’tory；英音la’boratory，美音’labora’tory ) 117. atmo- air: atmosphere 118. -atroc- cruel: atrocity, atrocious 119. atropho- atrophy: atrophoderma 120. –audac- bold: audacity, audacious 121. *–audi-, -audit-, audio- listen: audio, audit, audition, auditorium, audible, inaudible, auditor, audiometer, audiology, audiovisuals 122. *–aug-, -auct- increase: augment, auction, auctioneer 123. *–augur- sign, herald: augury, inaugurate, augural, inauguration 124. aur- ear: auricle, auricular 125. *Austro- Austrian: Austro-Hungarian 126. *–author- right, author: authoritative, authorship, authority, authorize, unauthorized 127. *auto- [aut- before a vowel] self: autism, autograph, autobiography, autarchy 128. –auxili- help: auxiliary 129. –avi- bird, flight: aviation, aviator, avian, aviary, aviculture 130. –avuncul- uncle: avuncular 131. *back- backward: backslide, backfire, backpedal, backdate 132. bacteri- bacteria: bactericide 133. -barbar- savage: barbarous, barbarism, barbaric 134. baro- pressure: barometer, barometric, baroscope, isobar 135. –bas- low: abase, basement, debase 136. basi-, baso- of the base, of alkalis: basophilia 137. *–bat- beat, strike: battle, combatant, noncombatant, combat, battle 138. bathy- deep, sea: bathysphere 139. *be- 1) treat in the stated way [added to n. and adj.]: befriend, belittle, becalm, befool 2) around: besiege, beset 3) furnish with, cover with: besprinkle, becloud, bedew 4) wearing: bespectacled, bewhiskered 5) completely, thoroughly: bedeck, besmear 6) away: bereave, betake, behead 7) about [added to other verbs, making them into vt.]: bethink, bemoan, befall 140. beat- happy: beatific, beatitude 141. *–bel-, -bell- war, fight: rebel, rebellious, bellicose, belligerent 142. *bene- well, good: benediction, benefactor, benefit, benevolent 143. benzo- 苯: benzene 144. *bi- two: bicycle, binary, bilingual, biweekly 145. *–bi-, -bio- life: biology, biography, amphibian, autobiography, biotic, antibiotic, biosphere, biochemistry, bioclean, bioelectricity 146. bili- of bile: bilirubin 147. *biblio- book: bibliography, bibliophile, bibliomania, Bible 148. blasto- 胚，芽: blastoderm 149. *-bon- [positive] good; -melior- [comparative] better; -optim- [superlative] best: bonus, ameliorate, optimist, optimize 150. *–bound: 1) kept in the stated condition: snowbound 2) moving in the stated direction: westbound （不影响重音） 151. brachy- short: brachydont 152. –brad-, -bras- scrape: abrade, abrasive 153. –brady- slow: bradycardia 154. –brev- short: brief, abbreviate, brevity, debrief, breviary 155. bronch- 气管: bronchitis 156. *by- of less importance: byproduct, bypass, byroad, byname 157. *caco- bad, ugly: cacophony 158. *–cad-, -cid-, -cas- fall: cadence, occasion, accident, incident, decadence, coincide, casual, casualty, occident, incidental, coincidence, deciduous 159. –calci- calcium: calcify, calcine 160. –calcul- calculate: calculation 161. –calor- heat: calorie, calorify, calorific, calorimeter 162. can- dog: canine 163. *–cant-, -cent- song, sing: canto, incantation, decant, accent 164. –cap-, -capac- contain: capable, capacity 165. *–capt-, -cept-, -ceive-, -ceipt-, -ceit-, -cip-, -cipi- take: captive, accept, deceive, deception, recipient, anticipate, conceivable, incipient, receipt, deceit, conceit, interception, incept 166. *–capit- head: capital, decapitate, capitalize 167. –carcer- prison: incarceration 168. *–card-, cardio-, -cardia heart: cardiotonics, carditis, tachycardia, carditis, cardiac, electrocardiogram, tachycardia, epicardium, endocardium 169. *–carn- flesh: carnal, carnivore, incarnate 170. carpo- fruit: carpophagous, carpology 171. *cata- [cat- before a vowel]1) down, downward: catabolism 2) away, completely: catalysis 3) against: catapult 4) throughout: cataphresis 5) backward: cataplasia 172. -caten- chain: concatenate 173. caus- burn: causalgia 174. –caut- careful: cautious, precaution 175. *–ced-, -ceed-, -cess- 1) yield: cede, concede, concession 2) go: proceed, precede, exceed, excessive, supersede, precedent, unprecedented, procedure, process, procession, success, succeed, intercession 176. cel- sky: celestial 177. –cele swelling: hydrocele 178. –celebr- : celebrity, celebrate 179. –celer- fast: accelerate, decelerate, celerity, accelerometer, decelerometer, acceleration 180. celio- abdomen: celiotomy 181. cell- cell: cellular, celluase, cellue, celluate 182. *cent- 100: century 183. *centi 1/100: centimeter 184. –centesis 穿刺术: cardiocentesis （重音cen’tesis） 185. *centri- center: centrifugal, concentric, eccentric 186. cephal- head: cephalalgia 187. cerato- horn or horny: ceratoid 188. -cerebr- brain: cerebration, cerebritis 189. –cern-, -cret- see: discern, secret 190. cero- [cer- before a vowel] wax: ceraceous, cerate 191. *–cert- certain: certify, certificate, ascertain, certitude, certifiable, certification, incertitude 192. –chem-, chemo- chemistry: alchemy, chemophysiology 193. chiro- hand: chirospasm 194. chloro- 绿色，氯气: chlorosis 195. cholo- bile: cholochrome 196. chondr- 软骨: chrondritis 197. *–chrom-, -chromat- color: chromosome, chromatic, monochrome, polychrome, photochrome, homochromous, panchromous 198. *–chron- time: chronology, chronicle, anachronism, chronic, synchronal, synchronize, synchronoscope, chronometer, isochronism 199. chrys- yellow: chrysanthemum 200. *–cid-, -cis- kill, cut: incisive, decide, excision, suicide, decision, concise, precise, incision, incisor, excision, circumcise, insecticide 201. –cinct- gird, surround: cincture 202. cine- of films or the film industry: cinecamara 203. *circum- around: circumlocution, circumspect, circumference, circumfluence, circumaviate 204. *–circ- circle: circular, circus, circulate, encircle, circuitous 205. cirri- [cirr- before a vowel] tendril: cirrose, cirrus 206. cis- on this side of: cisatlantic, cisalpine 207. citr- lemon or orange: citrate, citrus 208. *–civ- citizen: civil, civility, uncivil 209. –civil- of citizens: civilize, civilian, civilization 210. *–clam-, -claim cry, shout: exclaim, exclamation, declaim, reclaim, proclaim, declamatory, clamor, clamorous,acclaim 211. *–clar- clear: clarify, declare, clarity 212. –clim- zone, region: climate, climatic, acclimatize 213. *–clin-, -cliv- slant: acclivity, declivity, recline, decline, inclined, inclination, declension, disincline, isoclinal 214. *–clud-, -clus-, -clos- close [v]: conclude, disclose, seclusion, recluse, occlude, preclusion, exclusive, include 215. *co- see con- 216. cocci-, cocco- 小球状，浆果: coccus 217. –coct- cook, make: decoction 218. *–cogn-, -cogit- cogitate, cognitive, recognize, recognition, cognize, incognizable, precognition 219. *col- see con- 220. –col neck: collar, accolade 221. –colon- farmer: colonial, colonize 222. *com- see con- 223. *con- together, intensive: [co- before a vowel] co-ed, cooperation [col- before l] collaborate, collocate [com- before b, m, p] compose, combine, communicate, commiserate [cor- before r] correct, corrupt, correlation, corrugate [otherwise con-] contend, consign, concentric, contemporary 224. –concil- reconcile, conciliatory 225. *contra-, counter- against: contraception, contradiction, counteract, counterbalance, counterattack 226. copi- abundance: copious 227. copro- garbage: coprology, coprolite 228. –copul- link: copulate, copula, copulative 229. *–cord- heart: cordial, accord, concord, discordant, record 230. –coron- crown: coronation 231. *–corp-, -corpor- body: corpus, corporeal, incorporate, corporation, corpulent 232. –cosm- universe: cosmos, cosmic, microcosm, cosmology, acosmism, cosmopolitan, macrocosm 233. –count- tell: account, accountable, recount 234. *–cracy rule: democracy, autocracy, bureaucracy, plutocracy, theocracy, monocracy, mobocracy （重音’ - cracy） 235. *–crat ruler, supporter: democrat, autocrat, bureaucrat, technocrat （重音’- - crat） 236. *-cratic adj. of n. ending in –cracy: technocrat, aristocratic （重音’cratic） 237. *–craft skill: woodcraft, statecraft （不影响重音） 238. cranio- skull: cranial, craniology, craniotomy, cranium 239. –crem-, -cremat- burn: cremate, crematorium 240. –cre- create: creation, creative 241. *–cred- believe: credit, incredible, credulous, creditable, discredit, accredit, credential 242. *–cresc-, -creas-, -cret-, -crue increase: crescent, decrease, concrete, accretion, accrue 243. *cross- across: cross-cultural 244. –cruci- cross: crucify, excruciating, crucifixion 245. cryo- cold, freeze: cryobiology, cryogen, cryometer, cryophilic, cryosurgery, cryogen, cryogenics, cryoprobe, cryoscope 246. crypto- [crypt- before a vowel]: crypto-Communist, cryptic, cryptogenic, cryptogram, cryptology 247. crystallo- 结晶: crystalline 248. *–cub- lie down: cubicle, incubate, incubation, incubus, concubine, concubinage, decubitus 249. –cus- cause: accusative, excuse, accusation 250. *–cult- till [v]: cultivate, culture, culture, cultural, agriculture, arboriculture, pisciculture, mariculture 251. –cumul- accumulate: cumulative, accumulator 252. cupro- of copper: cupric, cupronickel, cuprous 253. –cupid- greedy: cupidity 254. –cur- care: secure, procure, curator 255. *–cur-, -curs-, -cour-, -course run: precursor, course, discourse, recur, occurrence, discursive, current, currency, excurse, excursion, concourse, succor, cursory, incursion, concur, recur 256. –custod- guard: custody 257. *-cy quality, condition, state, position: infancy, idiocy, captaincy, bankruptcy （不影响重音） 258. cyano- 青紫: cyanuria 259. *–cycl- circle: cyclist, bicycle, tricycle, cyclone, cycloid, hemicycle, autocycle, recycle, cyclotron, recyclable 260. cysti- bag, bladder: cystitis 261. -cyt- empty container, cell: histocyte, cytochemistry 262. –damn-, -demn- condemn: damnabe, indemnity 263. *de- 1) away from, off: debar, derail, deduct, defer, define, detrain, dethrone 2) down: degrade, decline, decadent, depress, devalue 3) wholly, entirely: defunct 4) reverse the action of; undo: defrost, decode, desalt, deforest 264. *deca- decem- ten: decathlon, decagon, decameter 265. *deci- 1/10 decimeter, decimate, deciliter 266. –decor- beauty, grace: decorate, decorous 267. *demi- half: demigod, demi-fixed 268. dendr- trees: dendroid, dendrolite, dentrology 269. –dent- tooth: dentist, dental, dentistry, denture, dentoid, trident, indent, denticle 270. –dens- dense: condense, density 271. deoxy- 脱氧: deoxidize, deoxygenate 272. –derm-, -dermat- skin: dermatosis, dermatitis, dermal, dermatitis, hypoderm, dermatology 273. des- =dis- [medical]: desinfection 274. desmo- 丝带状: desmobacteria 275. –dexter-, -dextr- right hand: ambidextrous, dexterous, dexterity, dextrorotation, dextral 276. *di- 1) see dia- 2) see dis- 3) two: disyllable, dioxide 277. *–di- day: diary, diarist, dial, meridian, antemeridian, postmeridian 278. *dia- [di- before a vowel] across: diagonal, diameter, dialogue 279. *–dic- declare: dedicate, abdicate, indicate 280. *–dict- say: diction, predict, indictment, dictatorship, contradict, contradiction, contradictory, benediction, edict, Dictaphone 281. *dif- see dis- 282. –digit- finger: digital, digitalize 283. -dign- worthy: dignity, dignitary 284. *dis- [in words of Latin origin; di- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, v; dif- before f] 1) away, apart from: dismiss, disperse, dispel, differ, divulge, digression 2) deprive of, expel from: disbar, disfrock 3) cause to be the opposite: disable 4) fail, cease, refuse to: disallow, disappear, dissatisfy, discontinue, disbelive 5) do the opposite of: disjoint, disintegrate, disarm 6) not [added to adj.]: dishonest 7) opposite off, lack of [added to n.]: disease, disunion, disorder, discomfort 285. –disc- learn: disciple, discipline 286. –dat-, -dit- give: dative, tradition, edit, editor, extradite, extradition 287. –doc-, -doct- teach: doctor, doctrine, doctorate, doctrinism, doctrinaire, indoctrinate, docile, indocile, document, docent, documentary 288. dodeca- twelve: dodecagon, dodecastyle 289. dolich- long: dolichofacial 290. -dolor- pain: dolorous 291. –dom- house: domestic, domesticate, domicile, dome, domicile, domiciliate, domesticity 292. *–dom state, realm, condition: freedom, stardom, martyrdom, wisdom, serfdom, kingdom （不影响重音） 293. *–domin- master: dominate, predominant, domineer 294. –don- give: donate, pardon, donor, donee, condone, condonation 295. –dorm-, -dormit- sleep: dormitory, dormancy, dormitive, dormant 296. dorsi-, dorso- of, on, or long the back: dorsal, dorsum, dorsovelar 297. *down- downwards: downstairs, downpour, downfall 298. –drom- run: aerodrome, motordrome, hippodrome, prodrome, syndrome, dromometer 299. –dub-, -dubit- doubt: dubious, indubitable 300. *–duc-, -duct- lead: conduce, conduct, deduce, induce, seduce, product, educate, educable, introduce, introductory, misconduct, produce, abduct, aqueduct, viaduct, reduction 301. *du- two: duplicate, dual, duality, duel, duad, duplex, duet, duplicity 302. –dur- hard: duration, endure, obduracy 303. *-dyn-, –dynam- power: dynamic, dynamite, aerodynamics, dyne, dynast, dynasty, electrodynamics, hydrodynamics, dynamo, adynamic 304. –dynia pain: gastrodynia 305. dys- bad [medical] dyspepsia, dysuria, dysphonia 306. *e- see ex- 307. *–ean adj. of n. ending in –pe, -re, etc: European, epicurean, Mediterranean （重音’ean） 308. *ec- see ex- 309. eco- of ecology: ecosystem, ecological 310. –ectasis expansion: bronchiectasis （重音’asis） 311. ecto- outer: ectoderm 312. –ectomy cut: appendectomy 313. –ed- eat: edible, edacious, inedible 314. *–ed 1) past participle: stopped 2) provided or characterized by: spectacled, moneyed, gifted, bearded, skilled 3) adj. from verbs, nouns and adj ending in –ate: cultured, liberated, fixed, confirmed, retired （不影响重音） 315. -edi- build: edify, edifice 316. *–ee 1) someone who is ~ed: referee, trustee, addressee，interviewee, employee 2) someone who ~s: absentee, refugee, retiree, devotee 3) person: townee, grandee 4) thing: goatee, settee （重音’ee） 317. *–eer 1) n. person engineer, auctioneer, pamphleteer, volunteer, mountaineer 2) v. domineer, commandeer, profiteer, electioneer （重音’eer） 318. *ef- see ex- 319. *–ego- I: ego, egoist, egoistic, egocentric, egomania, egotist 320. *–eity: n. of adj. ending in –eous: spontaneity, homogeneity （重音’eity） 321. *-el n. person or thing: model, runnel, parcel, personnel, sentinel, novel 322. *electro- electricity: electrocute, electromagnet 323. *-em-, -am-, –empt- take, buy: example, exemplar, exemplary, exemplify, sample, sampler, exemption, redeem, exemptible, redeemable, redemption, irredeemable, peremptory, redemption, exempt 324. –emia blood: anemia, leukemia （重音’emia） 325. *–emper-, -imper- command: emperor, empire, emperorship, imperious, imperial, imperative, imperialism 326. –emul- equal: emulate, emulous 327. *en- [em- before b, m, p; sometimes in-]: 1) to put or get into or on: enthrone, enplane, encase, entrap, embody 2) to cover or wrap with: enrobe, embalm, embank 3) to make, make into or like, cause to be with [added to n, and adj.]: empower, enrich, enliven 3) intensive: encourage 328. *–en 1) become or cause to become [added to n. and adj.] v: weaken, whiten, deepen, broaden, soften, quicken 2) adj. made of: wooden, woolen, leaden, waxen, earthen （不影响重音） 329. *-ence act, fact, quality, state, result or degree: conference, excellence, existence, insistence, dependence, confidence, innocence, despondence (通常重音’ - - ence，但如果原词末尾发音是双辅音或双元音，重音则为’- ence) 330. *-ency =-ence (but used with different words): urgency, persistency, frequency, efficiency, emergency, insolvency (通常重音’ - - ency，但如果原词末尾发音是双辅音或双元音，重音则为’- ency) 331. –end: [also -and] n. mostly mathematical terms: dividend, multiplicand, minuend, addend, subtrahend, legend, errand （不影响重音） 332. endo- inner: endocrine, endogamy 333. –enne used in n. denoting female: comedienne, tragedienne （重音’enne） 334. *-ent [adj. or n. of n. ending in –ence or –ency] 1) adj. that has, shows or does: existent, dependent, confident, excellent 2) n. a person or thing that: president, resident, patient, detergent, solvent (通常重音’ - - ent，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’- ent) 335. entero-: intestines: enteritis 336. ento- inner: entoderm 337. entomo- insect: entomology 338. *–eous adj.: homogeneous, courageous, righteous, courteous （重音’- eous） 339. *epi- above, beyond, before, after, between: epidemic, epidermis, epitaph, episode 340. –epistol- letter: epistle, epistolary 341. *–equ-, equi- equal: equality, equilibrium, equable, equivalent, equivalence, equate, equation, equidistance, equator, equilibrium, equatorial, equanimity, equivocal, equivocation, equilateral 342. equ- horse: equine, equestrian 343. *–er 1) comparative: bigger, earlier 2) agent of an action, person or thing [also –ar, -or]: reader, washer, lighter, silencer, boiler 3) wind: norther, souther 4) someone related to [-yer after w]: hatter, banker, tinner, lawyer, sawyer 5) resident of some place: New Yorker, Icelander 6) repeated or continuous action: clatter, sputter, stutter, chatter（不影响重音） 344. *–ern 1) adj. of n. of directions: eastern, northern 2) place: cavern, saltern, lectern （不影响重音） 345. –err- wander: error, erratic, errant, aberrant, inerrable, aberration 346. *–ery 1）place: fishery, brewery, tannery, monastery 2) act: bribery, surgery, robbery 3) product or goods: pottery 4) state or condition: slavery, drudgery（不影响重音） 347. erythr- red: erythremia 348. *es- see ex- 349. *–esc- becoming: acquiescent, convalescent, crescent, adolescent 350. *–esence the process of becoming or beginning: obsolescence, adolescence （重音’escence）  351. *–escent: 1) giving off light or showing a color: phosphorescent 2) adj. of n. ending in –escence: convalescent （重音’escent）  352. *–ese n. or adj. f nationality or language: Chinese, Vietnamese, officialese （重音’-ese） 353. –esque adj. arabesque, Kafkaesque （重音-esque） 354. –ess indicating being a female: waitress, poetess, goddess （不影响重音） 355. *–est 1) superlative: biggest 2) old form of 2nd person singular [or -st]: wanderest, dost （不影响重音） 356. *–et n. diminutive: eaglet, packet, circlet（不影响重音） 357. –eth old form of 3rd person singular [or -th]: riseth, doth （不影响重音） 358. *ethno- nationality [ethn- before a vowel]: ethnography, ethnic 359. *–etic adj. of n. ending in –esis or –y: mimetic, pathetic, antipathetic, epileptic, theoretic, energetic （重音’etic） 360. *–ette female or diminutive: novelette, cigareete, typette（重音’ette） 361. *–ety n. piety, propriety, sobriety, gayety, variety（重音’- ety） 362. *eu- good: eulogy, eulogize, euphonious, euphemism, eugenics, euphonious 363. –eur person: amateur, litterateur, saboteur （重音’eur） 364. *Euro- European: Europarliament 365. *–ev- age, time: primeval, medieval, longevity, coeval 366. *ex- 1) forth, from, out 2) beyond 3) away from 4) thoroughly 5) upward 6) without, not having [e- before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v]: egregious, elated, emissary, elongate [ec- before c, s]: eccentric, ecstasy [ef- before f]: effect, effeminate, effluence [es- in words of French origin]: estrange [otherwise ex-]: expectorate, expect, execute, expose, extract, export 367. *ex- former: ex-president, ex-wife, ex-premier 368. exo- outer: exocardia, exosphere, exogamy 369. *extra- [positive]; extern- [comparative]; extreme- [superlative] out: extraordinary, extralegal, extracurricular, external, extremist 370. *–ey see –y 371. –fabul- speak: fabulous, fable, confabulate, fabulous, effable, confabulation 372. –fac- face: surface, deface, facial 373. *-facil- easy: facility facile, facilitate, difficult 374. *–fact-, -fect-, -fic-, -feat-, -feas-, -fit do, make: factory, benefactor, beneficiary, benefit, feasible, affect, suffice, indefeasible, proficiency, manufacture, malefactor, facsimile, factual 375. *-faction n. of some v. ending in –fy: satisfaction, liquefaction, rarefaction, stupefaction （重音faction） 376. *–fall-, -fals- deceive: fallacy, infallible, fallacious, falsify 377. –fam- 1) fame: famous, infamous, infamy 2) hunger: famished, famine 378. *–fashion in the stated manner: Indian-fashion 379. –fatig- tire out: indefatigable, fatigue 380. -febri- fever: febrifuge, febricula 381. *–feder- alliance: federation, federal, confederacy, antifederal, federalize 382. –felic- happy: felicity, felicitation 383. *–femin- woman: feminine, effeminate 384. *–fend-, -fens- strike: offensive, defend, defense 385. *–fer-, -lat- bring, carry: refer, confer, relate, translate, transfer, difference, conference, offer, prefer, preferable, aquiferous, superlative, sublate, collate, collation, ablate, prolate 386. –feroc- fierce: ferocious, ferocity 387. *–ferous that produces: auriferous, carpoferous 388. ferro- iron: ferroheme, ferroalloy, ferromagnetic 389. –ferv- boil, glow: fervid, fervor, perfervid, effervesce, effervescent, fervent 390. –fest- celebration: festival, festivity, festal 391. fibr- fiber: fibrination, fibrosis, fibrous 392. *–fic adj. specific, beatific, pacific, terrific, horrific （重音’- fic） 393. *–fication n. of v. ending in –ify: signification, intensification, classification, simplification （重音-fi’cation） 394. *–fid- faith: confidence, fidelity, confide, confidant, affidavit, perfidy, perfidious, diffidence, fideism, infidel 395. *–fier agent of an act [of v. ending in -fy]: signifier, amplifier, pacifier（不影响重音） 396. –fil- thread, line: file, defile, filar, filament, profile 397. *–fix- fasten: transfix, fixture, prefix, suffix, affix 398. *–fig-, -fict- shape, make: figure, configuration, disfigure, figurative, fiction, fictive, nonfiction, disfiguration, transfiguration 399. –fili- son: filial, affiliate 400. *–fin- end: final, confine, confinement, definitive, definite, finalist, finis, finale, finish, definite, infinite, infinitive, finitude, infinity, undefined, confinement 401. –firm- firm: confirmation, reaffirm 402. –flamm- flame: inflammable 403. –flat- blow [v]: inflate, inflationary, deflate, inflationary, conflation, reflate, flatus 404. flav- yellow: flavonone, flavescent 405. *–flect-, -flex- bend: reflect, deflect, reflex, reflection, inflection, flex, flexible, flexuous 406. *–flict- strike: inflict, conflict, affliction, inflictive 407. *–flor-, -flour- flower: flora, florist, florid, flourish, efflorescence, floret, deflower, defloration 408. *–flu- flow: affluent, influence, confluence, fluency, influenza, fluid, refluence, defluent, superfluous 409. fluoro- [fluor- before a vowel] 氟，荧光: fluoroscope, fluorite 410. *–fold of the stated number or times: manifold, twofold，fourfold （不影响重音） 411. –foli- leaf: defoliate, foliage 412. *for- 1) apart: forsake, forgive, forgo 2) restrain: forbid 413. *fore- before, in front of: forewarn, forecast, forehead, forearm, foretell, forefather, forerun 414. –form- form: deform, reform 415. *-form of the stated form: gasiform, dentiform, cubiform （不影响重音） 416. foster- adopt: foster-child 417. *–fort- strong: fortify, fortress 418. *-frag-, –fract- break: fraction, refractory, fragile, fragment, fragmentary, fracture, refractor 419. *Franco- French: Francophone 420. *–frater- brother: fraternity, fraternal 421. *–free without: carefree, addictive-free 422. *–friendly convenient for: user-friendly, printer-friendly 423. –frig-, -friger- cold: frigid, refrigerator, fridge, frigidity 424. –fruct- fruit: fructify 425. –frustr- in vain: frustrate 426. *–fug- flee: fugitive, refugee, fugacious, centrifugal, fugacity, insectifuge, febrifuge, lucifugous, subterfuge 427. *–ful 1) adj. full of : beautiful, bashful, shameful, peaceful 2) amount measured by ~: mouthful, spoonful, dishful （不影响重音） 428. –fulmin- thunder, explosion: fulminate 429. *–fus- pour: infuse, transfuse, confusion, refusal, diffuse, interfuse, perfuse, profusion 430. *–funct- perform: function, perfunctory 431. *–fund-, -found- bottom: profound, profundity, found, foundation, fundamental, fundament 432. –furi- rage: furious, infuriate 433. -furt- theft: furtive 434. *–fy cause to become: pacify, beautify, intensify, glorify（不影响重音） 435. galacto- milk: Galaxy, galactic 436. galvano- electricity: galvanize, galvanism 437. *–gamist n. bigamist, polygamist, bigamist, misogamist （重音’- gamist） 438. *–gamous of the stated kind of marriage: polygamous, bigamous, monogamous （重音’ - gamous） 439. *–gamy: marriage: polygamy, bigamy, monogamy （重音 ‘- gamy） 440. gastr- stomach: gastronomy, gastritis 441. *–gen-, -gener-, -genet- 1) birth: gene, genesis, genetic 2) kind [n]: generic, general, generous 442. *–genarian n. and adj. octogenarian, sexagenarian （重音’arian） 443. –genic producing: ketogenic 444. genito- of the genitals: genitalia, genitourinary 445. *-geo- earth: geology, geography, geometry, geometrician, geopolitics, geothermal 446. *–ger-, -gest- carry: belligerent, congestion, gesture, digestion 447. gero- old people: gerocomia, gerontology 448. *giga- gigant- huge: gigantocyte 449. –glaci- ice: glacial, glaciology, glacier, glaciation, subglacial, preglacial 450. -glob- globe: globular, globalism 451. –glor- glory: glorify, vainglorious 452. –glossia tongue: macroglossia 453. gluc-, glyc- sweet: glucose 454. –glyph- carve out: hieroglyph, anaglyph 455. *–gon- angle: pentagon, diagonal, trigonometry, hexagon, octagon, polygon 456. *–gony birth: cosmogony 457. *-grad- step, go: gradual, graduate, retrograde, degrade, upgradable, downgrade, gradine 458. *–gram, -gramme picture: ideogram, telegram, program, diagram, cryptogram, phonogram, hologram, seismogram （重音’- - gram） 459. *–graph- record, draw: telegraph, photograph, graphics, autograph, biography, monograph, polygraph, micrograph, macrograph, seismograph, barograph, stereograph, cyclograph, holography （重音’- -graph ）gra’phic ’ - graphy ） 460. –gran- grain: granary, granivorous, granule, granular 461. *–grat- gratitude: gracious, gratis, ingratiate 462. *–grav- heavy: gravity, aggravate, gravitate, agravic, grave, gravid, gravidity 463. *Graeco- Greco- Greek: Greco-Roman 464. *–greg- flock [v]: segregate, congregate, aggregate, gregarious, egregious, congregation 465. *–gress- go: aggression, aggressive, Congress, transgress, progress, progressive, retrogress, congressional, digress, egress, ingress, regress 466. –gubern- govern: gubernatorial 467. –gust- taste: gusto, disgust 468. *–gyn-, gynae-, gyne-, gynaec-, gynec- woman: gynecology, misogyny, androgynous, monogyny, polygyny, philogynists 469. gyro- circle: gyrate, gyroscope 470. *–habit- live, dwell: inhabit, cohabit, inhabitant, habitat, habitation, conhabitant 471. haem-, hem-, hemat- blood: hemochrome 472. hagio- saint: hagiography 473. –hal- breathe: inhale, inhalant, exhale, inhalator, halitosis, exhalation 474. hamart- wrong: hamrtoplasia 475. –hap- chance, luck: perhaps, happen, happy, mishap, hapless, haply 476. haplo- simple: haplosis, haploid 477. –haust- draw water: exhaust, exhaustive 478. *he- male: he-wolf, he-man 479. –head head, origin: beachhead, springhead 480. *hecto- 100: hectogram, hectometer, hectowatt 481. helio- sun: heliolatry, heliocentric, perihelion, aphelion, heliosis, heliotherapy, heliotropism 482. *Hellen- ancient Greece: Hellenic, Hellenize 483. *hemi- half: hemisphere, hemicycle 484. hepat- liver: hepatitis 485. *hepta- [hept- before a vowel] seven: heptagon, heptode 486. *–her-, -hes- stick, cling: adhere, cohesive, coherence, hesitant, inhere, inherent, cohere 487. *–hered-, -heret- heir: inheritance, heritage, hereditary, heredo-immunity 488. *hetero- different: heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox, heteromorphic 489. *hexa- [hex- before a vowel]six: hexagon, hexameter 490. –hibern- winter: hibernate 491. *–hibit- hold: inhibit, prohibit, exhibitionism, exhibit 492. hiero- holy: hieroarchy, hieroglyphic, hieroglyph 493. *–high of the stated height: knee-high 494. –hilar- cheerful: hilarity, exhilarate 495. hippo- horse: hippopotamus 496. *holo- [hol- before a vowel] all: holocaust, holistic, holograph, holophone 497. *homeo-, homo- the same: homophone, homosexual, homophone, homonym 498. *-hood period, condition,state, quality: childhood, likelihood, neighborhood, falsehood（不影响重音） 499. –horr- horror: horrify, abhorrence, abhor, horrific, horrendous 500. –hort- urge [v]: exhort, exhortation 501. –hospit-, -host- guest: hospitable, hospital, hotel, hostage, inhospitable, hospitality, hostile 502. –hum- ground: inhume, exhume, inhumation, humble, humility, humiliate, posthumous 503. *hydro- water, hydrogen: hydropower, hydraulic, hydroplane, hydrosphere, hydrology, hydropathy, hydrophobia, dehydrate, hydrate, hydrolysis, hydrant 504. *hypo-, hyp- below, decrease: hypothermy, hypothesis, hypotension, hypothermia 505. *hyper- extreme: hypersensitive, hypermilitant, hyperslow 506. hypno- sleep: hypnotic, hypnosis, hypnotize, dehypnotize, hypnotist, hypnotherapy 507. hypso- high: hipsotherapy 508. *–i n. or adj. Israeli, Iraqi, Pakistani（重音’- i） 509. *–ia 1) name of countries: India, Liberia 2) name of diseases: pneumonia 3) certain Greek and Latin words: militia, intelligentsia, utopia 4) generic names: reptitia（重音’- ia） 510. *-ial [variant of -al]: presidential, spatial, managerial, adverbial, palatial, differential （重音’ – ial, -tial -erial , -orial ） 511. *–ian [variant of -an] n. or adj. Canadian, Romanian, grammarian, theologian （重音’ - ian） 512. –iasis disease: urolithiasis （重音’iasis） 513. –iatr- medical: iatrotechnique, psychiatrist 514. *–ibility: n. of adj. ending in –ible: combustibility, irresistibility （重音i’bility） 515. *–ible [variant of -able]: combustible, irresistible, extensible, sensible 516. *–ic 1) adj. of, having to do with: volcanic, organic, metallic 2) like, having the nature of: angelic, basic, specific, idyllic 3) produced by, caused by: anaerobic 4) producing, causing: analgesic 5) consiting of, containing: dactylic 6) showing, affected by: lethargic, allergic 7) adhering to: Gnostic 8) science: rhetoric, arithmetic, logic 9) n. person: critic, sceptic, heretic, mechanic（重音’ – ic ，但是’Catholic, ‘lunatic, a’rithmetic, ‘heretic） 517. *–ical adj. =-ic: logical, economical （重音’ - ical） 518. *–ice 1) quality, act or condition. avarice, caprice, service, malice, edifice 2) person: novice, apprentice （通常重音’- - ice ，但ap’prentice） 519. ichthyo- fish: ichthyology, ichthyoid, ichthyphagous 520. *–ician n. person: logician, musician, physician, magician （重音’ician） 521. *–icious adj. of n. ending in –ice: avaricious, capricious, malicious （重音’icious） 522. *–icity n. of adj. ending in –ic: specificity, lucidity, specificity（重音’icity） 523. *–ics study, discipline: economics, physics, mathematics （重音’- ics） 524. *–id adj. of Latin origin: languid, placid, livid, fervid, frigid （通常重音’- id） 525. *–ide 化合物: oxide（不影响重音） 526. *–idity n. of adj. ending in –id: frigidity （重音’idity） 527. *ideo- thought, idea: ideology, ideogram, ideal, ideality, idealistic, ideate 528. idio- of oneself: idioglossia, idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiomatic, idiopathy, idiograph 529. *–ie, -y name of endearment: doggie, birdie, lassie（不影响重音） 530. –ier n. person or thing: cashier, brazier, dossier, glazier, frontier （通常’ – ier ，但ca’shier） 531. *ig- see in- 532. –igni- [-ign- before a vowel] fire: ignite, ignition, igneous, ignitable, preignition 533. *il- see in- 534. *–ile 1) adj. agile, hostile, fragile, juvenile, senile 2) n. missile, projectile （通常重音’- - ile 英音， 美音） 535. *–ility n. of adj. ending in –ile: agility, fragility, servility, mobility（重音’ility） 536. *im- see in- 537. *in- 1) [into, onto, towards, intensive] v. 2) [not] adj. of Latin origin [ig- before n] ignoble [il- before l] illustrate, illegal, illogical, illiterate [im- before b, m, p] imperil, imbibe, impossible, immoral, impassive, impotent [ir- before r] irrigate, irritate, irresistible, irregular, irruption [otherwise in-] indict, invade, inhuman, incorrect, incapable, inject, inhuman 538. *–in, -ine some special substance: insulin, vitamin, penicillin, morphine（通常重音’ - - in/ine） 539. *Indo- Indian: Indo-European 540. *–ine 1) see –in 2) adj. alkaline, clandestine, canine 3) abstract nouns: doctrine, medicine, famine, discipline 4) person, usually denoting female: heroine, libertine, concubine (通常重音’ - - ine) or  541. *infra- [positive] below; inferior- [comparative] ; infern- [superlative]: infrastructure, infrared, infrasound, inferiority, infernal 542. *–ing 1) present participle: stopping 2) material: bedding, wrapping, flooring, clothing 3) occupation: banking, accounting, printing 4) thing: holding, footing, carving, building 5) adj. surprising, exciting （不影响重音） 543. *–insul- island: insular, insulin, insulate, peninsula, insularism 544. *–integr- whole: integrity, integrate, disintegration, integral, integer 545. *inter- [positive] between, mutual; interior- [comparative]; intim- [superlative]: international, intercontinental, interject, interpersonal, interchange, interact, intermix, interior, intimacy 546. *intra- within: intradepartmental 547. *intro- inward: introduction, introspection, introvert 548. *–ion 1) n. of certain v.: communion, opinion, union, election 2) thing: medallion, accordion, cushion（重音’- ion） 549. *–ious [variant of -ous]: spacious, laborious, contagious, curious （重音’- ious） 550. –ir- anger: ire, irate 551. *–isation, ization n. of v. ending in –ise or –ize: modernization （重音i’sation） 552. *–ise, -ize cause to become: modernize, institutionalize （不影响重音） 553. *-ish 1) of or belonging to a nation or people: Spanish, Irish 2) like or characteristic of [usually derog.]: devilish, boyish, womanish, knavish 3) somewhat: blusih, grayish 4) about [colloq.]: eightish 5) v.: vanish, punish, establish （不影响重音） 554. *–ism doctrine, state, practice: alcoholism, naturalism, Maxism （不影响重音） 555. *iso- the same in every part: isotherm, isobar, isomagnetic, isotope, isogon 556. *–ist 1) person (corresponding to words ending in -ism): pessimist, modernist; 2) adj. characteristic of: impressionist （不影响重音） 557. *–istic adj. of n. ending in –ism: optimistic, simplistic （重音’istic） 558. *–it- go: committee, exit, obit, obituary, visit, initial, ambition, initiate, initiative, transit, transitory, circuit 559. *Italo- Italian: Italo-French 560. *–ite 1) n. stalagmite, appetite 2) adj. 3） v. ignite 561. –iter- repeat: reiterate 562. –itiner- journey: itinerary, itinerant 563. *–ition n. of v. ending in –ite or –ete: competition, ignition, recognition （重音’ition） 564. *–itive adj. or n. of n. ending in –ition: cognitive, addictive （重音同原动词） 565. *–itis: infection: bronchitis, hepatitis, nephritis （重音’itis） 566. *–itor doer [of v. ending in –ite or –ete]: competitor （重音同原动词） 567. *–itude, -tude n. of Latin origin: magnitude, latitude, attitude （重音’ - itude） 568. *–itudinal, -tudinal adj. of n. ending in –itude or –tude: attitudinal, latitudinal （重音’tudinal） 569. *–ity, -ty quality: reality, verity, longevity, sincerity （重音’- ity） 570. *–ive adj. or n. of n. ending in –ion: permissive, active （重音同原动词） 571. *–ivity n. of adj. ending in –ive: activity，productivity, relativity （重音’ivity） 572. *–ization see -isation 573. *–ize see –ise 574. *–jac- lie at a certain place: adjacent 575. *–ject- throw: abject, deject, reject, eject, projection, projector, projectile, inject, injection, interject, subject, object 576. –joc- jest: jocose, joke 577. –jubil- wild shout: jubilee, jubilation 578. *–judic- judge: adjudicate, judiciary 579. –jug- yoke: conjugal 580. *–junct- connect: adjunct, conjunction, injunction, disjunction, disjunctive 581. *–jur-, -juris- right, law: jurisdiction, juror, abjure 582. *–just- just, fair: justice, adjust, injustice 583. *–juven- [postive] young; minor-, minus [comparative]; minim- [superlative]: juvenile, rejuvenate, minority, minimize 584. juxta- near: juxtaposition 585. karyo- core: karyokinesis 586. *kata- =cata-: katabolism 587. kera-, kerat- 角: keratitis 588. keto- 酮: ketogenic 589. *kilo- 1,000: kilogram, kilowatt, kilocalorie, kilometer 590. *–kin n. diminutive: lambkin，manikin, napkin （不影响重音） 591. *–labor- labor: laborious, collaborate 592. –lacrym- tear: lachrymal, lachrymose 593. –lact-, -galact- milk: ablactation, lactic, lactary, lactate, lactifuge, galaxy, galactic, agalactia 594. –langu- weak: languid, languor 595. –lapid- stone: dilapidate, lapidary 596. *–laps- fall: lapse, collapsible, relapse 597. laryng- throat: laryngology 598. *–lat- 1) wide: latitude 2) see –fer- 599. –later- side: bilateral, lateral, multilateral 600. –latrous of worship: idolatrous 601. –latry: worship: idolatry 602. –laud-, -laus- praise: laudable, laudatory 603. –lavat-, -lot- wash: lavatory, lotion 604. –lax- loose: relax, laxity 605. *-le 1) v. denoting repeated action, esp. of a small or trivial kind: winkle, twinkle, wriggle 2) n. usually diminutive: shuttle, handle, girdle 3) adj. from verb stems: brittle 4) onomatopoeia: sizzle, gurgle （不影响重音） 606. *–led taking ~ as the leading force: export-led （不影响重音） 607. *–leg- 1) [also –legis-] law: legal, legitimate, legislature, legislation, legislate, extralegal, legality, legalist, illegakize 2) appoint: delegate, relegate 3) choose, read, gather [also –lig-, -lect-]: legible, intelligence, select, eligible, elect, elitism, intellect, intellectual, collect, collection, elegant, neglect, neglectful, negligence, lecture, dialect, idiolect, legendary 608. *–lence n. of adj. ending in –lent: turbulence, fraudulence （重音’ - - lence） 609. –leni- mild: lenity, lenient 610. *–lent full of: virulent, fraudulent, turbulent （重音’ - - lent） 611. lepto- small, thin: leptosome, leptocephalic 612. *–less without: selfless, homeless (不影响重音)  613. *–let diminutive: riverlet, bracelet (不影响重音)  614. leuc-, leuk- white: leukemia 615. *–lev-, -lieve, -lief lift: elevate, alleviate, relieve, lever, elevator, levitate 616. levo- left: levorotation 617. *–liber- free: liberal, liberate, libertine 618. –libr- book: library, librarian 619. –lid-, -lis- bump: collide, collision 620. –lig- bind: oblige, obligation 621. lign- wood: ligneous 622. *–like like, suitable for: gentlemanlike, womanlike (不影响重音) 623. –limin- threshold: eliminate, preliminary 624. *–ling diminutive: duckling, underling, yearling，weakling (不影响重音) 625. *–lingu- language: bilingual, linguist, linguistic, multilingual 626. –liqu- liquid: liquor, liquidate 627. *–liter- letter: literary, literal, literate, literacy, illiteracy, anti-illiteracy, transliterate, obliterate 628. –lith-, -lite stone: monolith, lithography, aerolith, aerolithology, Paleolithic, Neolithic, megalith, lithic, lithiasis, zoolite 629. *–loc- place: collocate, allocate, local, location, localize, locomotive, relocate, dislocate 630. *–log-, -logue word, logic, discipline: logical, monologue, sociology, dialogue, eulogy, eulogize, apology, prologue, epilogue, neologism, philology （重音’- - logue , ‘- logy ） 631. *–loger n. of certain n. ending in –logy: astrologer （重音’ - loger） 632. *–logian n. of certain n. ending in –logy: theologian （重音’logian） 633. *–logic, –logical adj. of n. ending in –logy: geologic, geological, anthropologic （重音’logic, ‘logical） 634. *–logist: n. of most n. ending in –logy: Sinologist, biologist （重音’- logist） 635. *–long- long: longevity, longitude 636. *–loqu-, -locut- speak: loquacious, eloquent, grandiloquent, eloquence, soliloquy, obloquy, loquacity 637. *–luc- light [n]: lucid, elucidate, translucent, lucent, elucidate, noctilucent 638. *–lud-, -lus- play: delude, allude, illusory, elusive, collude 639. *–lumin- light, lamp: luminous, illuminate, illuminance, luminary, luminosity, relumine 640. *–lun- moon: lunar, sublunary, lunatic, lunacy, sublunary 641. –lup- wolf: lupine 642. –lustr- light up: illustrate, illustrious 643. *–ly 1）n → adj. friendly, brotherly 2) adj. → adv. slowly, helpfully（不影响重音） 644. –lysis dissolution, relaxation: analysis, catalysis, paralysis 645. –lyst analyst, catalyst 646. –lytic, -lytical adj. of n. ending in –lysis: analytic, analytical （重音’lytic, ‘lytical） 647. –machin-, -mechan- machine: machinery, mechanism 648. *macro- big: macrocosmic, macroeconomics, macroworld, macroscale 649. –macul- stain: immaculate 650. *–magn- [positive] big; major- [comparative]; maxim- [superlative]: magnify, magnifier, magnitude, magnanimous, magnificent, magnate, majority, maximum 651. *mal-, male- [positive] bad or badly; pejor- [comparative]; pessim- [superlative]: maltreat, malcontent, malpractice, malnutrition, malfunction, malediction, pejorative, pessimist, pessimism 652. –malacia 软化: cerebromalacia （重音’lacia） 653. *–man-, -mans- stay, dwell: remain, mansion, immanent, manor, permanence, remanent 654. –mancip- slave: emancipate 655. *–mand-, -mandat- command: demand, mandate, mandatory, countermand 656. *mani-, manu- hand: manicure, manuscript, manufacture, manacle, maintain 657. *–mania craziness: monomania, megalomania （重音’mania） 658. *–maniac person suffering from mania: monomaniac （重音’maniac） 659. *–maniacal of mania or a maniac: megalomaniacal （重音ma’niacal） 660. *–manship qualities associated with a profession: sportsmanship, craftsmanship 661. *–mar-, -mer- sea: marine, submarine, mermaid, mariner, antisubmarine, maritime 662. –marit- husband: marital 663. *–mascul- man: masculine 664. *–mater-, -matr- mother: maternity, matricide, matron, matriarchal, maternal 665. –materi- mater: material, materialize 666. –matur- ripe: maturity, immature 667. *–medi- middle: mediate, medium, intermediate, immediate, mediator, medieval, Mediterranean, median 668. *-medic- physician: medical, medicine, medication, medicinal, medicable, medico, medico-legal, Medicaid 669. *mega- million, large: megabyte, megacity, megaphone, megatanker, megahertz, megaton 670. megalo- huge: megalomania 671. mela-, melan- black: melancholy 672. –memor- mindful: memorize, immemorial, memorial, commemorate, commemorative 673. –mens- 1) month: menses, menstruate 2) measure: immense, immensity, mensuration, commensurate, mensural 674. *–ment- mind: mental, mentality, mention, mentionable, comment, commentary, commentator, amentia, demented 675. *–ment: v. → n.: government, instrument, development （不影响重音） 676. –merc- trade: commercial, mercantile 677. *–merg-, -mers- dip, sink: emerge, submerge, immerse, emergence, immerge, immersion, submergible 678. meso- middle: mesoderm 679. *meta- [met- before a vowel]1) change in position or form, alteration, transposition =trans-: metathesis, metasomatism 2) after [in medical terms =post-]: metaphysical 3) behind, at the back of [in anatomical terms, =dorso- ] metanephros 4) going beyond or higher, transcending: metalinguistics, metahistory, metacriticism 5) between: metope 6) in chemical terms: metaprotein 680. *–meter, -metr- measuring, or instrument or science for measuring: geometrical, symmetry, barometer, speedometer, trigonometry, thermometer, metrology, seismometer, photometer, optometer, audiometer, diameter, perimeter, gasometer, spirometer 681. *meteoro- meteor or climate: meteoroid, meteorology, meteorite 682. metho- 甲基: methane 683. *–metry: measurement: geometry 684. *micro- 1) small: microphone, microscope, microprint, microsystem 2) 1/1,000,000 micrometer 685. *mid- middle: midsummer, midlife, midnight 686. *–migr- move: migration, immigrant, emigrant, transmigration, migrant, intermigration 687. *–milit- army: militant, military, militia, militarism, militarize 688. *mill- 1,000: millennium 689. *milli- 1/1,000 millimeter, milliliter, milligram 690. *–min- hang: imminent, prominent, eminent, preeminent 691. *mini- small: minibus, miniskirt, minister, minify, minim, minimum, miniature, diminish 692. -ministr- servant: miniter, administer 693. *–minut- small: minute, diminutive, minutiae 694. *–mir- wonderful, strange: mirror, miracle, admire, mirage, miraculous 695. *mis- bad, wrong: mistake, misunderstanding, misconception, misuse, misprint, misspelling, misfortune, misrule, misremember 696. *–misc-, -mixt- mix: miscellaneous, promiscuous, mixture, miscible, immiscible, promiscuity 697. –miser- unfortunate: miserable, commiserate 698. miso- [mis- before a vowel] hate: misogyny, misanthropy 699. *–mit-, -mitt-, -miss- send: remit, remittance, admission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, transmit, transmission, promise, missionary, intermit, intermittent, intermission, emit, emission, emissary 700. *–mob-, -mot-, -mov- move: mobile, motion, remote, remove, movement, demobilize, demote, promote, motive, motivation, motor, mob, immobile, mobilize 701. *mock- imitation: mock-trial 702. –mod-, -moder- measure, way: modal, mode, modulate, moderate 703. –molli- tender: mollify 704. *–mon-, -monit- warn: admonish, premonition, monument, monitor, admonition 705. *mono- [mon- before a vowel] single: monologue, monarch, monotone, monoplane 706. –monstr- show: demonstrate, demonstrative 707. *–mony event or state: hegemony, matrimony, patrimony, ceremony 708. –morb- sick: morbid, morbidity 709. –morph- shape: amorphous, morphology, geomorphic, anthropomorphous, homomorphic 710. –mors- bite: remorse 711. *–mort- die: immortal, mortuary, postmortem, mortician, mortal, mortality 712. *–most most: northernmost, utmost （不影响重音） 713. *multi- many: multitude, multinational, multidirectional, multiracial, multiparty 714. –mur- wall: mural, muralist, extramural, intramural, intermural, immure, immurement 715. *–mut- change: mutable, mutability, mutual, mutant, mutation, permutation, commutation, commute, commuter, transmute 716. myco- fungus: mycology 717. myria- 10,000, many: myriad, myriapod 718. myrmeco- any: myrmecology 719. myxo- 粘液: myxoderma 720. mytho- myth: mythology, mythopoeic 721. narco-, narcot- numb: narcolepsy, narcotic, narcosis 722. –narr- tell: narrative, narrate 723. *–nasc-, -naiss-, -nat- birth: natural, nation, prenatal, renascent, renaissance, native, nativity, neonate, natal, prenatal, postnatal, connate, cognate 724. -naut- sailor: astronaut, nautical, aeronautics 725. *–nav- ship: navy, naval, navigate, circumnavigate 726. –navig- steer: navigation, circumnavigate 727. –nebul- fog: nebulous, nebula 728. *necro- death: necromancer, necrophobia 729. –necrosis death: angionecrosis （重音ne’crosis） 730. –necrotic adj. of n. ending in –necrosis 731. –neg-, -negat- say no: negate, abnegation 732. –negoti- business: negotiate 733. -negr-, -nigr- black: Negro, denigrate, Negroid, negrophile, nigrify, nigritude 734. *neo- new: neoclassic, neonatal, neogamist, neocolonialism, neorealism 735. nephr- kidney: nephritis 736. –nerv- sinew: nervous, unnerve 737. *–ness adj. → n.: selfishness, coldness，bitterness （不影响重音） 738. *neuro- [neur- before a vowel] nerves: neurology, neurosis, neural, neuritis, neurasthenia, neuroma, neuropathy 739. –neutr- neither: neuter, neutral 740. *–nex-, -nect- link: annex, connect, disconnect, annexation 741. –nik person keen on something: beatnik, peacenik （不影响重音） 742. *–nihil- nothing: nihilist, annihilate, nil, nihility 743. *–noc- injure: innocent, innocuous, noxious, nocent 744. nocti- [noct- before a vowel] night: noctambulism, noctiphobia, noctiflorous 745. **-nomic adj. of n. ending in –nomy: astronomic, economic 746. *–nomin- name: nominate, nominal, nomination, nominee, ignominy, ignominious 747. –nomy a field of study: astronomy, economy, autonomy, agronomy 748. *non- 1) not: nonsense, nonexistence, nonsmoker, nonconductor, nonstop 2) nine: nonet 749. –norm-, -nom- normal: abnormal, paranormal, anomaly, enormous, normalize, subnormal, supernormal 750. *–not- mark: notice, notable, annotate 751. *–nov- new: novelty, innovate, renovation, novice 752. nucleo- nuclear: nucleogenesis, nucleonic 753. –nupt- wedding: nuptial 754. –nud- naked: nudity, denude 755. –null- not any: nullify 756. *–numer- number: numeral, enumerate, numeric, numerable, innumerable 757. –nunc-, -nounc- announce: pronunciation, denounce, renunciation 758. –nutri- nourish: nutrition, nutrient, nutritional, innutrition, nutriology, nutriment, nutrimental 759. *o- see ob- 760. o-, oo- ovum: oocyte, oogonium 761. *-o 1) musical terms: solo, piano, trio, tempo, alto 2) person: Latino, Negro 3) thing: studio, volcano, dynamo, motto, fresco, manifesto （不影响重音） 762. *ob- towards, over, against, completely [oc- before c] occult, occasion [of- before f] offend, offensive [o- before m] omit, omission [op- before p] oppose, opposite [otherwise ob-] observation, obstinacy 763. *oc- see ob- 764. *octa- [also octo-; oct- before a vowel] octave, October, octagon, octameter 765. –ocul- eye: inoculate, ocular 766. –odi- hate: odious, odium 767. *of- see ob- 768. *–oid shape: fibroid, anthropoid 769. oligo- [olig- before a vowel] lack: oligarchy, oligopoly 770. –ologer see –loger 771. –ologian see -logian 772. –ologic, –ological see –logical 773. –ologist see –logist 774. –ology see –logy 775. –oma tumor: carcinoma （重音’oma） 776. ombro- rain: ombrology, ombrometer 777. *–omin- omen: ominous, abominable 778. *omni- every, all: omnibus, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient 779. omphalo- navel: omphalos 780. *–on particle: electron, neutron, meson （不影响重音） 781. –oner- load: exonerate, onerous 782. onto- existence: ontology 783. *–onym- name: anonymous, anonymity, synonym, cryptonym, homonymous, pseudonym, patronymic, matronymic 784. –oon n. thing: spittoon, carton, festoon （重音’oon） 785. *op- see ob- 786. –op- wealth: opulent, opulence 787. –oper- work: opus, operate, inoperable, cooperation, opera, operation 788. ophio- snake: ophiology, ophiolatry 789. –opin- suppose: opionion 790. *–opt- choose: option, optional, adopt, optional 791. opt- eye: optical, optics 792. *–or-: mouth: oral, oratory 793. *–or [variant of -er]: translator, oppressor, resistor, actor （不影响重音） 794. –orb-, -orbit- circle: orbit, exorbitant 795. *–ordin- order, rank: subordinate, ordinance, ordain, coordinator 796. –ori-, -ort- rise: orient, abortion, origin, orientate, disorientate, originate 797. *–orium place: auditorium, crematorium （重音’orium） 798. –orn- equip, furnish: ornament, adorn, suborn, ornate, adorment 799. ornitho- bird: ornithology 800. oro- mountain: orogeny, orography 801. ortho- upright: orthodox, orthodoxy 802. *–ory 1) adj.: explanatory, obligatory, satisfactory 2) n.: observatory, conservatory, drpository （重音大多’ - - ory ，美音 ‘ - - ‘ory ） 803. *–ose 1) substance: glucose 2) adj. bellicose, jocose （重音’- - ose） 804. *-osis condition: apotheosis （重音’osis，但meta’morphosis） 805. *–osity n. of adj. ending in –ous or –ose, excluding –eous, -uous: pomposity, bellicosity, religiosity （重音’osity） 806. –oss- bone: osseous, ossify 807. osteo- [oste- before a vowel] bone: osteitis 808. -oto- [-ot- before a vowel] ear: otalgia, otology, otophone, otopathy, otic, entotic, otoscope, parotitis, parotid 809. *–ot n. person: patriot, zealot, compatriot, idiot （不影响重音） 810. *–ous n. → adj.: dangerous, barbarous, prosperous, continuous（重音’- - ous） 811. *out- 1) situated at or coming from a point away, outside, external: outbuilding, outpatient 2) going away or forth, outward: outbound 3) better, greater, or more than: outdo, outsell, outsmart, outshine, outgrow, outdrink, outleap, outproduce 812. ov- ovum: oval 813. ovario- ovary: ovariotomy 814. ovato- of the shape of an ovum: ovatoform 815. *over- 1) above in position, over, outer, upper: overhead 2) superior, eminent: overlord 3) passing across or beyond: overshoot, overpass, overrun 4) passing over the top or brim of : overflow 5) denoting movement downward from above: overwhelm, overturn, overthrow 6) across the surface of: overgrowth, overprint 7) more than, excessively, beyond the normal, extra: overrate, oversell, overdo, overactive, overbold, overcook, overdecorate 816. –paci- peace: pacific, pacify, pacification 817. palato- [palat- before a vowel] jaw: palatal 818. paleo- extremely ancient: paleobotany, paleography, paleochronology, paleoanthropology 819. –palli- cover: palliative, palliate 820. *pan- including all: pan-Pacific, pantheism, pan-American 821. *–pand-, -pans-, -pass- spread: expand, expanse, compass 822. *–par- 1) equal: disparate, par, separate, disparity, imparity, nonpareil, compare, comparison 2) show: apparent, transparent, apparition 3) bring forth: parent, parental, primipara, multiparous, uniparous 823. *para- 1) by the side of, past, to one side, aside from: parallel, parasite 2) beyond: paranormal 3) subsidiary to: paralegal, paramedic 4) in a secondary or accessory capacity: paramilitary, parapolicital 5) like or resembling: pararuminant 6) mistake: paradox, paralogism 824. *para- 1) protection of or against: parasol, parachute 2) using a parachute: pararescue, paradog, paratroops, paradrop, parashoot 825. –para giving brith: nullipara, multipara, primipara 826. –parl- speak: parliament, parley, parlor, parlance 827. –part- divide, part: partial, impartiality, departure, party, particle, particular, department, compartment, partiality, partition, apart, repartition, partake 828. –past- feed: pasture, pastor, pastoral, repast 829. *–pater-, -patr- father: paternal, patriot, patriarchy, patrimony, patricide, patronize, compatriot, expatriate, repatriate 830. –pat-, -pass- suffer: patience, passion, compassion 831. *–path- feeling, pain, disease, treatment: pathology, pathos, sympathy, antipathetic, apathy, pathogenic, zoopathology, neuropathy, electropathy 832. *-pathetic adj. of n. ending in –pathy: sympathetic, antipathetic 833. –pecc- sin: impeccable 834. –pector- breast: expectorate, pectoral 835. *–ped-, -pod- foot: centipede, stampede, quadruped, biped, pedal, antipode 836. *pedia-, pedo- children: pediatrician, pedophile, pedology, pedagogy, pedagogic, pediatrist 837. *–pel, -pell-, -puls- push: expel, propeller, impulse, impel, compel, compulsory, repel, dispel 838. pen- [also pene-] nearly: peninsula, penultimate, peneplain 839. –pen-, -pun- punish: penal, penalty, punish, impunity, punitive 840. *–pend-, -pens- hang, pay: expenditure, spend, expendable, pendant, pension, depend, dependent, independence, pending, suspend, suspense, appendage, append 841. –penia deficiency: glycopenia （重音’penia） 842. *penta- five: pentagon, pentameter, pentavalent 843. *per- 1) through, throughout, intensive: perspective, perfect, perennial, perspire, perfoliate, persuade, perplex, perturb 2) thoroughly, completely, very: perfervid 3) [in chemical terms] 过，高: peroxide, peracid 844. *peri- around, surrounding: perimeter, peripheral, perigee, perilune, pericardial 845. –pest- plague: pestilence, pester 846. *–pet-, -peat, -petit- seek: petition, repeat, compete, competition, appetite, petitionary 847. petro- [petr- before a vowel] stone: petroleum, petrify, petrodollar 848. –pexy fixation: enteropexy 849. pharm- medicine: pharmacy, pharmaceutical 850. *photo- light or photography: photo, photosynthesis 851. phaco- crystal: phacocele 852. –phag- eat: phagomania, bacteriophage 853. *–phil- love: philosophy, philology, philanthropy, photophilous 854. *–phile someone who loves: pedophile, bibliophile, Anglophile, Sinophile 855. *–philia: pedophilia 856. *–philiac: adj. pedophiliac 857. pheno- 苯基: phenol, phenolase 858. *–phobe someone who fears: xenophobe 859. *–phobia fear: cancerophobia, xenophobia, acrophobia, zoophobia, dentophobia, neophobia, hydrophobia 860. *–phobic adj. of n. ending in –phobia: xenophobic, acrophobic 861. *–phon- sound: microphone, telephone, phone, videophone, otophone, symphony, symphonic, phonetic, phonetics, electrophone, stereophone, gramophone, phonology, cacophony, euphony, euphonious 862. –phor- bear [v]: anaphora, aphorism, metaphor 863. *-photo- light: photograph, photochemistry, photoprint, photocopy, photogenic, photoelectric, photon, photosensitive, photosynthesis 864. phreno- 心，膈: phrenic, phrenalgia 865. phyllo- leaf 866. *physio- nature: physiology, physician, physics, physical 867. –phyt- plant: phytochemistry, phytoecology 868. –pi- pious: impious, impiety 869. pico- 1/1,000,000,000,000: picometer 870. *–pict- paint: depict, picture, picturesque, pictorial, picturesque 871. –pisc- fish: piscatorial, piscary, piscator, piscine 872. *–plac- satisfy: implacable, complacency 873. –plan- clear: plain, explanatory 874. plano- flat: planography, planospore 875. –plasm-, -plast 血浆，原生质: metaplasm, protoplast, plasmagene 876. –plasty formation: labioplasty, rhinoplasty 877. –plaud-, -plaus- applause: plausible 878. –pleb- common people: plebian, plebiscite 879. –plegia paralysis: hemiplegia, glossoplegia 880. *–plen- full: plenty, plenary, replenish, deplenish, plenum, plenitude 881. pleo- more: pleonasm 882. pleuro- ribs: pleurocele 883. *–ple-, -plet-, -pli-, -plish-, -ply cover, fill: complete, replete, depletion, implement, supplement, reply, comply, imply, accomplish 884. *–plex-, -plic-, -ploy- fold: complex, implicate, explicate, deploy, employ, duplex, triplex, quadruplex, simplex, perplex, perplexity, complicate, complicate, inexplicable, explicit, implicit, supplicate, supplicatory, implicative 885. –plor- explore, deplore, deplorable 886. pneum- lung, air: pneumonia, pneumectomy 887. pneumato- air: pneumatology, pneumatometer 888. *–pon-, -pos-, -posit-, -pound put: exponent, composure, depository, postpone, expound, propound, compound, opponent, propose, repose, disposal, disposition, depose, exponent, expose, exposure, exposition, exponible 889. –ponder- weight: ponderous, preponderate 890. –poiesis production: hemopoiesis 891. *–polis-, -polit- city: cosmopolitan, metropolis, acropolis, political, necropolis, polis 892. *politico- of politics: politico-economics 893. *poly- many, much: polygamy, polychrome, polymorphous, polyfunctional, polygon 894. *–popul- people: populace, population, repopulate, popular, populous, popularity, popularize 895. *–port- 1) door: portal, portico 2) carry: porter, report, transport, import, portable, importation, export, deport, deportee, reportage, portage, supporter, portfolio 896. *–poss-, -pot- power: possible, impotent, potency 897. *post- after, behind: postwar, postgraduate, postscript, postnatal 898. *pre- before, in front of, in advance: preview, previous, prediction, prepay, prehistory, preheat, prehuman, predetermine 899. –pred- booty: depredation, predator 900. *–prehend, -prehens-, -pris-, -pregn- take: comprehensive, apprehend, surprise, reprisal, impregnate, pregnancy 901. presby- old: presbyope 902. –preci- price: appreciate, depreciate, appreciative, precious 903. *–press- push: impression, expressive 904. preter- past, beyond: preternatural 905. *–prim- [positive] first; prior- [comparative]: prime, primeval, primitive, primary, primacy, primer, priority, prioritize 906. –priv- deprive: deprive, privation, private, privy 907. *pro-, pur- forward, for, in favor of: progress, pronoun, pro-consul, prolocutor, pro-America, pro-abortionist, pursuit 908. *–prob-, -prov- prove: probable, approbation, probation, disprove 909. *–propr- one’s own: proper, property, propriety, appropriate 910. –proxim- near: proximity, approximate 911. *–proof resistant to: waterproof, bulletproof, lightproof （不影响重音） 912. proto- the first: prototype, protoplasm, protozoan, protogenic, protohuman 913. *pseudo- false: pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudoclassic, pseudology 914. *psycho- [psych- before a vowel] mind: psychic, psychopath, psychology 915. –ptosis 下垂: gastroptosis （重音’ptosis） 916. –public- public: publicize, publicity 917. –pud- shame: impudent 918. –puer- boy: puerile 919. –pugn- fight: repugnant, pugnacious 920. –pulmo- lung: pulmonary 921. –pulver- dust: pulverize 922. *–punct- point: punctual, acupuncture, puncture, compunction, compuntious 923. pur- =pro- pursuit, purpose 924. –pur- pure: impure, purify, purism, depurator 925. –purg- cleanse: purge, purgatory 926. *–put- think: dispute, impute, compute, putative 927. pyel-: 肾盂: pyelitis 928. pyo- pus: pyocy 929. pyr- fire: pyrogenic, pyrolatry 930. *quadri-, quadru- [quadr- before a vowel]four: quadruped, quadriceps, quadrennial, quadripartite, quadrilingual 931. –quant- amount: quantity, quantum 932. *–quir-, -quisit-, -quest seek: inquire, inquisition, request, requisite, exquisite 933. *quasi- similar: quasi-science, quasi-official, quasi-war （英音，美音） 934. –quer- complain: querulous 935. *–quiesc-, -quit- quiet: quiet, quietude, acquiesce, quiescent, acquittal 936. quinque- [quinqu- before a vowel] five: quniquangular, quinquennial 937. quot- how many: quota, quotient 938. *–rad-, -ras- scrape: erase, erasable, eraser, erasure, abrade, abradant, abrasive, raze, razor 939. –radic- root: radical, eradicate 940. –ram- twig: ramify, ramification 941. *–rap-, -rapt- seize: rape, rapacious, rapt, rapture, ravish, rapt, rapine 942. –rar- thin: rarity, rarefy 943. *radio- of radio or radioactivity: radioactive 944. –rat- think: rational 945. *re- 1) back, returning to a previous state: return, relapse, recall, reclaim, retract, revoke 2) again, anew, over again [It is used with a “-” to distinguish such words re-collect/recollect; to indicate nonce words: re-urge; before words beginning with e]: refurbish, replenish, recount, reunite, remarry 3) against: reaction, reverse, resist, rebel, resent 4) intensive: reception 946. *–rect-, -rig- right: correct, incorrigible, resurrection, rectitude, corrective, incorrect, rectify, rectilinear, rectangle, erect, erection, erectile, rectum 947. –rei- thing: reification 948. –relinqu-, -relict- leave: relinquish, derelict 949. –rept- creep: reptile, surreptitious 950. –ress [variant of –ess, usuallt following t] huntress, waitress, actress （不影响重音） 951. ret- web: reticulate, retiform 952. *retro- backward: retrograde, retrospection, retroversion 953. –rhagia, -rrhagia sudden eruption: gastrorrhagia 954. –rhaphy, -rrhaphy 缝合: tenorrhaphy 955. rheo- flow: rheology, rheometer 956. rhetor teacher: rhetoric 957. rhino- nose: rhinoceros 958. rhizo- root: rhizosphere, rhizoid 959. rhombo- lozenge: rhomboid 960. *–rid-, -ris- laugh: deride, derision, ridicule, derisive 961. *–ridden afflicted by: bedridden, rain-ridden 962. –robor- strength: corroborate 963. *–rod-, -ros- gnaw: rodent, erosion, erode, corrode, rodenticide, corrosive, anticorrosive 964. *–rog- ask: interrogate, abrogate, arrogant, surrogate, derogatory 965. *Romano- Rome: Romano-Byzantium 966. –rot- wheel: rotate, rotation, rotund, rotary 967. –rud- rude: rude, erudite, erudition, rudiment, rudimentary 968. *–rupt- break: abrupt, erupt, disrupt, eruption, rupture, interrupt, disruptive, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt, corruptible, irrupt, eruptive 969. –rur-, -rus- country: rural, rustic, rustication 970. *Russo- Russian: Russo-American 971. *–ry [variant of -ery] masonry, poetry, mimicry, rivalry, peasantry （不影响重音） 972. *–s 1) 3rd person singular: works 2) plural: bags 3) forming adv.: nights, besides, outdoors, nowadays, upstairs, unawares （不影响重音） 973. saccharo- sweet: saccharin, saccharine, sacchroid 974. *–sacr-, -secr- sacred: consecration, desecrate, sacrifice, sacrilege 975. –sagac- wise: sagacity, sagacious 976. –sal- salt: salary, salad, salify, saline, salinity, saltern 977. –salut- 1) greet: salute 2) health: salutary 978. –sali-, -sili- leap: salient, resilient 979. –salv- safe: salvation, salvage 980. –san- health: sanitary, sanity, insane 981. –sanct- sacred: sanction, sanctify, sanctimonious 982. –sanguin- blood: consanguinity, sanguine, sanguineous, consanguineous, sanguinin, ensanguine 983. –sapi- sensible: sapient 984. sapro- decay, death: saprobe, saprogenic 985. *-sat-, -satis-, -satur- enough: satisfy, satiate, insatiable, saturate, insatiate, satisfactory, dissatisfied, saturation, unsaturated 986. *–scape: scenery: landscape, cityscape 987. *–scend-, -scent, -scens- climb: ascend, ascent, ascension, ascendancy, descent, condescension, transcend, transcendental, descend, descendant, condescend 988. –schol- school: scholar, scholastic 989. schizo- split: schizoid, schizophrenia 990. *–sci- know: science, subconscious, conscience, unconscious, omniscient, nescient, prescience, pseudoscience 991. sclero- hard: scleroderma 992. –sclerosis 硬化: arteriosclerosis 993. –scop- observe: telescope, microscope 994. *–scrib-, -script- write: describe, description, descriptive, manuscript, scripture, subscribe, subscriber, subscription, conscribe, conscription, inscribe, inscription, postscript, transcript, circumscribe, scribe, prescribe, prescription, nondescript 995. –scrut- examine: scrutiny 996. *se- away from, apart from, without: seclude, secure, seduce, select 997. *–sed-, -sid-, -sess- sit: sedentary, sedate, president, reside, obsessive, session, resident, subside, subsidy, dissident, assiduous 998. *–seg-, -sect- cut: section, segment, bisect, insect, sectional, vivisect 999. selen- 硒: seleniferous, selenide 1000. seleno- moon: selenography 1001. *self- to, of, for self: self-reliance, self-sufficiency 1002. –sem- sign: seme, semantics, semiotics 1003. –sembl- together: resemble, assembly, ensemble 1004. *semi- half: semicircle, semifinal, semiconductor, semiweekly, semiliterate 1005. *–semin- seed: seminal, disseminate 1006. *–sen- old: senile, senator, senior, senility, senesce, senescence 1007. *–sens-, -sent- perceive: assent, sensual, sensuous, consent, sentient, sentiment, sentimental, consentient, dissent, dissenter, resent, resentful, presentiment, sense, sensible, sensibility, sensitive, sensory, insensible, sensitize, desensitize, extrasensensory 1008. *sept- [also septi- or septem-] seven: September, septangle, septilateral 1009. *–sequ-, -secut-, -sec-, -sue follow: sequence, consequently, execute, obsequious, pursue, second, secondary, persecute, prosecutor, persecutor, consecutive, sequential 1010. –sert- join: assertive, insert, desertion, exert 1011. *–serv- save: conserve, preserve, preservation 1012. –servi-, -serv- slave: servile, service, serviceable, servitude, disserve, disservice, subserve 1013. –sever- 1) strict: persevere 2) separate: dissever 1014. *sexa- six: sexagenarian 1015. *she- female: she-wolf 1016. *–ship: state, position, condition, collective noun: membership, leadership, readership, hatdship, citizenship, dictatorship （不影响重音） 1017. *–sign- sign: assign, resign, consign, signature 1018. –simil-, –simul- similar: assimilate, similar, similitude, simile, simultaneous, simulation 1019. -singul- one: singularity, singular 1020. –sinu- curve: sinuous, insinuate 1021. *Sino- [Sin- before a vowel]Chinese: Sinologist, Sinicize, Sinophile 1022. *-sion n. usually derived from v. ending in –d, -de or –t: intrusion, invasion, persuasion （重音’- sion） 1023. *–sist- see –st- 1024. –sito- [-sit- before a vowel] food: sitology, parasite, parasitic 1025. *-sive adj. of n. ending in –sion: submissive, intrusive （重音同原动词） 1026. *–smith: maker: blacksmith, goldsmith 1027. –soci- companion: associate, dissociate 1028. *socio- social: sociolinguistic 1029. *–sol- 1) alone: solo, soloist, soliloquy, desolate, desolation 2) sun: solar, parasol, solace, consolation, solarium, insolate, subsolar, extrasolar 1030. –solid- solid: solidarity, solidify 1031. *–solv-, -solut- loose, pay: resolve, resolute, dissolute, solvent, absolve 1032. *–some 1) substance: chromosome 2) adj. troublesome, awesome, lonesome （不影响重音） 1033. -somn- sleep, dream: insomnia, somnambulism, insomniac, insomnious, somnipathy, somniloquy, somnolent, somnolence 1034. *–son- sound: supersonic, subsonic, sonorous, sonar, sonic, supersonic, subsonic, dissonant, dissonance, resonant, resonate, resonator, sonics 1035. –soph- wise, wisdom: philosopher, pansophic, sophism, sophistry 1036. –sort- select: assort, consort, resort 1037. –sper- hope: desperate, desperado, despair, prosper, desperation 1038. –spac-, -spat- space: spacious, spatial 1039. *–speak jargon: newspeak 1040. spectro- 光谱: spectrum, spectroanalysis 1041. sper- hope: despair, desperate 1042. –spers- scatter: disperse, dispersion, sparse, asperse, dispersive, intersperse 1043. –splend- shine: splendid, splendor, resplendent 1044. *–sphere circle: atmosphere, hydrosphere 1045. sphygmo- pulse: sphygmometer 1046. *–spic-, -spect-, –spec- look, see: conspicuous, respect, perspective, perspicacious, specious, spectacle, prospect, prospective, inspect, inspection, expect, expectant, respectable, suspect, circumspect, conspectus, retrospective, introspection, suspicious 1047. *–spir- breath, air, soul: inspiration, respire, spirit, perspire, expiry 1048. spiro- spiral: 1049. –spoken speaking in the stated way: soft-spoken 1050. –spol-, -spoil- rob, spoil: despoil, spoliation 1051. *–spond-, -spons- answer: respond, responsive, correspond 1052. *–st-, -sist-, -stat- stand: constant, resist, persistence, desist, consist, resistible, assist, exist, insist, static, station, status, stature, statute, desist, contrast, rest, armistice, distance, interstice, circumstance, stationary, stable, establish, apostate, obstacle 1053. –stagn- pond: stagnant, stagnate 1054. –stas-, still [adj.]: hemostasis, 1055. –stell- star: constellation, stellar, interstellar, stellate 1056. steno- narrow, few: stenotherm, stenography 1057. *step- related through a remarriage: stepmother, stepsister 1058. *–ster n. person, somtiems derogatory: youngster, rhymester, spinster, trickster, rhymester, gangster （不影响重音） 1059. *stereo- solid, cubic: stereotype, stereosonic, stereotelevision, stereography 1060. –still-, -stil- drop: instill, distill, distillation 1061. –stimul- spur: stimulate, stimulant 1062. *–stitut- set up: institute, institution, destitute, prostitute, restitute 1063. –stor-: erect, set up: restoration 1064. -strat- level: stratosphere, stratify 1065. –strenu- active: strenuous 1066. *–string-, -strict-, -strain, -straint, -stress draw tight: stringent, constriction, restrict, constrain, constraint, restraint, distress 1067. *–stru-, -struct- build: construe, construct, deconstruction, instrument, obstruct, structure, superstructure, infrastructure, obstruction 1068. –stud- zealous, eager: study, studious 1069. –stult- stupid: stultify 1070. styl- 1) style: stylist, stylistics 2) pointed: stylography 1071. –suad-, -suas- advise: persuade, persuasion, dissuasive 1072. *sub- [suc- before c; suf- before f; sug- before g; sum- before m; sup- before p; sur- before r, sus- before c, p, t] 1) under, beneath, below, from beneath: subvert, submarine, subsolar, succeed, suffer, suggest, suppose, surrogate, sustain 2) lower in rank, position, or importance than: subhead, subtitle 3) to a lesser degree than, somewhat: subhuman, subtropical, subsonic 4) so as to form a division into smaller or less important parts: subdivide, subfamily 5) near, bordering on: subalpine 6) nearly, almost: subteen 7) [in chemical terms]: 低（含量）: subcarbide, suboxide, subsulphide 1073. *suc- see sub- 1074. –sud- sweat: sudatory, sudation 1075. *suf- see sub- 1076. *sug- see sub- 1077. sui- oneself: suicide, suicidal 1078. –sulphur- brimstone: sulphurous 1079. –sult- talk: consult, result, desultory 1080. *–sum-, -sumpt- take: assume, presume, presumption, consumer 1081. –summ- sum: summary, summarize 1082. *sup- see sub- 1083. *super- 1) over, above, on top of: supersede, supervise 2) higher in rank or position than: superintendant 3) greater in quality, amount or degree than: superpower, supermarket, supersecrecy 4) to a degree greater than normal: supercharge, supersaturate 5) extra, additional: supertax 1084. –super- conquer: insuperable 1085. supra- above, over, beyond, before: suprastructure, supranational, supramundane 1086. *sur- 1) over, upon, above, beyond: surrealism, surface, surpass, surcharge, surmount, surplus 2) see sub- 1087. *–surg- rise: surge, resurgent, insurgency 1088. *sus- see sub- 1089. *syl- see syn- 1090. *sym- see syn- 1091. *syn- with, together, at the same time: [syl- before l] syllogism [sym- before b, m, p] sympathy, symmetry, symphony, symbiosis [otherwise syn-] synchronize, syntony, synthesis, synonym 1092. –tabul- table: tabulate, tabular 1093. –tac-, -tic- silent: tacit, taciturn, reticent 1094. *–tang-, -tag-, -tig-, -tact- touch: tangible, contagious, contiguity, intact, contagion, contiguous, intangible, tag, tactility 1095. –tard- late: retard, tardy 1096. *techno- of technology: technocrat 1097. –tect- cover: detect, protect 1098. *tele- far or relating to television: televise, telescope, telepathy, telephoto, telephone, teleplay, telescript 1099. –tempor- time: temporal, contemporary, extempore, extemporize, contemporize, contemporaneous, temporal, temporize 1100. –tempt- test: tempt, attempt 1101. *–ten-, -tin-, -tain-, -tent- hold, keep: contain, abstinence, continent, content, detainee, retain 1102. *–tend-, -tens-, -tent- stretch: extend, extent, extensive, attend, attention, contend, tent, tendency, tension, intensify, intensive, distend, distension 1103. –tenebr- dark: tenebrous 1104. –tenu- thin: tenuous, attenuate, extenuation 1105. *–termin- border: terminal, determine, terminate, exterminate 1106. ter- three: tertiary 1107. terato- 畸形: teratogeny 1108. *–terr- 1) earth, land: territory, terrestrial, inter, disinter, exterritorial, extraterrestrial, terrace, terrain, interment, subterrane, subterraneous, Mediterranean 2) frighten: terrify, terrorist, deter, deterrent, determent, terrorize 1109. –test- witness: attest, protest, contest 1110. *tetra- [tetr- before a vowel] four: tetracycline, tetragon, tetroxide 1111. –text- weave: textile, text, subtext, textual, pretext, intertexture 1112. *–th 1): cardinal number: ninth 2) abstract nouns: stealth, width, length, strength, growth, breadth （不影响重音） 1113. –thanas- death: euthanasia 1114. *–the- god: theology, theologian, atheism, apotheosis, pantheism, monotheistic, ditheism, polutheism 1115. *–therapy treatment: radiotherapy, psychotherapy （重音’therapy） 1116. –therapeutical adj. of n. ending in therapy: radiotherapeutical （重音thera’peutical） 1117. *–therm- heat: thermolysis, thermometer, thermos, thermometer, thermodynamics, thermonuclear, diathermal, isotherm, synthermal 1118. thi- 硫: thiamin 1119. *–tic n. of words ending in –t, -y, etc: ecstatic, democratic, cinematic, syntactic （重音’- tic） 1120. *-tight impervious to: watertight, airtight （不影响重音） 1121. –tim- fear: timid, intimidate, timorouse 1122. *–tion v. → n.: question, invention, visitation （重音’- tion），但在s后 1123. –tir- draw, pull: retire, tirade 1124. *-tive adj. of n. ending in –tion: inventive, preventative （重音同原动词） 1125. –toler- bear, endure: tolerant, tolerate 1126. –tom- cut: atom, anatomy, subatomic, tome, appendectomy, enterotomy 1127. *–ton- sound, thunder: detonate, tonal, intone, monotony, monotonous, intonation, baritone, semitone, tonal, tonality, diatonic 1128. –tonia tension: myotonia 1129. –tons- shave: tonsure 1130. *–torqu-, -tort- twist: torque, distortion, extortion, retort, torture, torment, tormentor, contortion, distortionist, retort, tortuous, tortile 1131. –tot- whole: total, totality 1132. –tour- turn: tourism, detour, contour 1133. –tox- poison: toxic, intoxicate, toxin, toxicide, detoxify, toxicology, toxicity, antitoxic 1134. tra- =trans-: tradition, trajectory 1135. *–tract-, -treat- draw, pull: tractor, distract, distraction, attractive, entreat, retreat, abstract, abstraction, contract, contractor, protract, protraction, retract, protractile, subtract 1136. *trans- across, beyond, change into another form: transaction, transparent, transcendent, transatlantic, transform, transposition, transfuse, transplant 1137. –trem- shake: tremor, tremble 1138. *tri- three: tricycle, triplicate, tricolor, tricar, trinity 1139. –tribut- give: tribute, attribute, contribute 1140. tricho- hair: trichopathy 1141. –trop- 向性，趋向性: phototropism 1142. *–trud-, -trus- thrust: intrude, obtrusive, extrude, extrusion, protrusive, detrude 1143. tubi- tube: tubiform 1144. –tum- swell: tumor 1145. *–turb- disorder: perturb, imperturbability, disturb, turbine, disturbance, turbulent 1146. *Turco- of Turkey: Turco-Cypriot 1147. *–ture- [also -ature] n. action, result, condiction: mixture, fixture, curvature, miniature （不影响重音） 1148. -tut-, -tuit- watch: tutor, tutelary, tuition, tutorial 1149. *–ty 1) n. [added to adj.]: surety, certainty, subtlety, cruelty, novelty 2) in numbers: sixty （不影响重音） 1150. tyrann- king: tyrant, tyranny 1151. *twi- two: twice, twilight, twifold 1152. typo- type: typology 1153. *–ular adj. of some n. ending in –ule or –le: muscular, particular, capsular （重音’ - ular） 1154. *–ule n. diminutive: capsule, ridicule, granule （通常重音’ - - ule） 1155. *–ulate diminutive of v.: undulate, ejaculate, regulate 1156. *ultra- [positive] beyond, extremely; ulterior [comparative]; ultimo- [superlative]: ultraviolet, ultra-right, ultramilitant, ultraviolet, ultimate, ultimatum 1157. –umbr- shade: umbrella, adumbrate, umbra, penumbra, inumbrate 1158. *un- 1) [in words of non-Latin, non-Greek origin] not, lack of, the opposite of: unconscious, unconcern, unreason, unwanted 2) back, the reverse or removal of [added to v.]: undeceive, unlearn, unbind, unfasten, unlock, unearth, unbosom 1159. –und- wave: undulate, abundant, abound 1160. *under- 1) in, on, to or from a lower place or side; beneath or below: undertow, underworld, underwear, underground, underline, underwear, underskirt 2) in an inferior or subordinate position or rank: underling, undersecretary 3) too little, not enough, bwloe normal or standard: underdeveloped, underpaid, underachiever, underspend, undersupply, underdose 1161. *uni- one: universe, uniform, unify, unite, unity, uniform, unit, unique, unification, unison, unicycle, unilateral 1162. *up- upwards: uplift, upstairs, upward 1163. –ur- urine: glycouria, polyuria, uropenia, urine, urinate, urinal, uroscopy, urology 1164. *–urb- city: urban, urbane, conurbation 1165. *–ure n. act, condition, state: picture, tenure, exposure, composure, disclosure （通常重音’- ure） 1166. –urg- press hard: urge, urgent 1167. *–ut-, -us- use: utility, usage, abuse, misuse, abusive, inutile, utensil 1168. *–vac- empty: vacuum, vacate, vacancy, evacuate, vacation, vacuous, vacuity, evacuee, vacuumize 1169. *–vad-, -vas- go: invade, evasive, pervade, pervasive, invasion 1170. *–vag- wander: vagrant, vagabond, vague, extravagant, extravagance, divagate 1171. *–val- be worth, be strong: value, valor, valiant, valid, invalid, validity, convalesce, convalescent, valorous 1172. –van- empty: vanish, vanity, vain, evanesce, evanescent 1173. -vandal- destruction: vandalism, vandalize 1174. –vari- change: variety, invariable, varied, variant, variance, , variform 1175. varico- 静脉曲张: varicose 1176. vasculo- blood vessel: vascular 1177. vaso- tube: vasoconstriction 1178. –vast- empty, waste: devastate, vast 1179. *–veget- plant: vegetable, vegetarian 1180. –veh-, -vect- carry: vehicle, invective 1181. *–ven-, -vent- come: convene, invention, convenient, intervene, prevent, convener, event, preventive, avenue, revenue, circumvent, supervene, contravention 1182. –veloc- speed: velocity 1183. –vent- 1) see –ven-, 2) wind: ventilate 1184. –vener- love: venerate, venereal 1185. –ver- true: verity, verify, verily, veracious, veracity, verifiable, verisimilar 1186. –verb- word: verbal, verbalize, verbatim, verbose, proverb, proverbial, adverbial 1187. –vere- respect: revere, reverend 1188. *–verg- turn: diverge, converge, convergence 1189. *–vert-, -vers- turn: invert, introvert, reverse, diverse, advertise, revert, advert, subvert, subversive, anniversary, divert, diversion, versatile, diversify, divorce, converse, obverse, convert, extrovert, adversity, adversary 1190. –vestig- footprint: investigate, vestige 1191. *–vest- clothing: invest, divest, transvestite 1192. –veter- old: veteran, inveterate 1193. –veterin- medicine on animals: veterinary 1194. –vex- annoy: vexation 1195. *–vi- way: viable, obvious, deviate, deviation, devious, previous, viatic, viaduct, via 1196. –vibr- shake: vibrate, vibrant 1197. *vice- next in rank: vice-president, vice-governor, vice-consul 1198. –vicin- neighbor: vicinity 1199. *vid-, -vis-, -view- see: video, review, visual, invisible, provide, provision, visible, visit, advise, revise, revision, prevision, envision, visage, visor, supervision, visa, evident, providence, improvident 1200. –vigil- watchful 1201. –vigor trong: vigor, vigorous, invigorate 1202. –vil- cheap: vile, vilify 1203. *-ville [colloquial, derogatory] n.: dullsville （不影响重音）l/ 1204. *–vinc-, -vict- conquer: invincible, victory 1205. –vindic- claim: vindicate 1206. –vin- wine: vinery 1207. –vir- man: virile, virtue 1208. –viti- fault: vitiate 1209. *–vit- 1) life: vital, vitamin, revitalize, vitality 2): avoid: inevitable 1210. *–viv-, -vict- live: vivid, vivisect, vivacity, victual, survive, survival, revive, revival 1211. *–voc-, -vok- call: invoke, revoke, convoke, provoke, evoke, irrevocable, provocative, evocative, avocation, vocation, invocation, vocal, vocalist, vocabulary 1212. –vol-, -volat- fly: volatile 1213. –vol-, -volunt- will [n]: volition, voluntary, volitional, volunteer, benevolent, malevolent, involuntary 1214. *–volv-, -volut- turn over: evolve, revolve, revolution, devolve, revolutionary, evolution, involve, intervolve, involvement, revolver 1215. *–vor- eat: carnivorous, omnivore, herbivore, voracious, voracity, devour 1216. –vow-, -vot- vow, prayer: devout, devote, avow 1217. –vulg- common: divulge, vulgar 1218. –vulner- wound: vulnerable, invulnerable 1219. *–ward, -wards in the stated direction [adj. and adv.]: backward, afterwards（不影响重音） 1220. *–ways in the stated direction: lengthways, crossways, sideways （不影响重音） 1221. *with- backward, against: withhold, withdraw, withstand 1222. *–wise in the stated way or aspect: clockwise, counterclockwise, populationwise （不影响重音） 1223. –wright maker: shipwright, playwright （不影响重音） 1224. xeno- foreign: xenophobia 1225. xero- dry: xerosis, xerography 1226. xylo- wood: xylophone, xylograph 1227. *–y 1) adj. of mono-syllabic n. [-ey after a vowel] : sunny,drowsy, chilly, dirty, healthy, wavy, clayey 2) also –ie endearment: piggy 3) n. quality, condition, collective: jealousy, soldiery, mastery 4) a shop or goods of: grocery 5) n. action of: inquiry, discovery （不影响重音） 1228. –yer see -er 1229. zoo- animal: zoology, zoomorphic, zoophilist, zoogeography 1230. –zoon, -zoa [pl.] animal: dermatazoon （重音’zoon/’zoa） 1231. zyg- couple: zygomorphism 1232. zymo- enzyme: zymogen, zymoprotein 英语单音节词形似归类 A [1] –ab blab, cab, crab, dab, drab, grab, jab, nab, slab, stab, swab, tab [2] –ace brace, face, grace, lace, mace, pace, place, race, space, trace [3] –ack back, black, clack, crack, hack, jack, knack, lack, pack, rack, sack, shack, slack, smack, stack, tack, track, whack, wrack [4] –act fact, pact, tact, tract [5] –adge badge, cadge, wadge [6] –ad bad, cad, clad, dad, fad, glad, lad, mad, pad, quad, sad, squad, tad, trad, wad [7] –ade blade, fade, glade, grade, jade, shade, spade, trade, wade [8] –atch batch, catch, hatch, latch, match, patch, scratch, snatch, swatch, watch [9] –afe chafe, safe, strafe [10] –aff chaff, quaff, staff [11] –aft aft, craft, draft, graft, raft, shaft, waft [12] –ag bag, brag, crag, fag, flag, gag, hag, jag, lag, nag, rag, slag, snag, stag, tag, wag [13] –age age, cage, page, rage, sage, stage, wage [14] –aid aid, aide, braid, maid, raid, staid [15] –ail ail, bail, fail, frail, hail, mail, nail, pail, quail, rail, sail, snail, tail, trail, wail [16] –aim aim, claim, maim [17] –ain brain, gain, main, pain, plain, rain, sprain, stain, strain, train, vain [18] –aint faint, quaint, taint [19] –air air, chair, fair, flair, hair, lair, pair, stair [20] –ait bait, gait, plait, strait, trait, wait [21] –ak flak, yak [22] –ake bake, brake, cake, drake, fake, flake, make, quake, rake, sake, shake, slake, snake, stake, take, wake [23] –ald bald, scald [24] –ale ale, bale, gale, hale, pale, sale, scale, shale, stale, tale, whale [25] –alf calf, half [26] –alk balk, chalk, stalk, talk, walk, [caulk] [27] –all all, ball, call, fall, gall, mall, pall, shall, small, spall, stall, tall, thrall, wall [28] –alm balm, calm, palm, qualm [29] –alp scalp [30] –alt halt, malt, slat [31] –am clam, cram, dam, damn, dram, gram, ham, jam, pram, scram, sham, slam, tram, wham, yam [32] –amb jamb, lamb [33] –ame blame, dame, lame, name, shame, tame [34] –amp camp, champ, clamp, cramp, lamp, ramp, scamp, swamp, tamp, tramp, vamp [35] –an ban, bran, can, clan, gran, man, pan, plan, scan, span, swan, tan, than, van, wan [36] –ance chance, dance, glance, lance, prance, stance, trance [37] –anch blanch, branch, ranch, stanch [38] –and and, band, bland, brand, grand, hand, land, sand, stand, strand, wand [39] –ane bane, cane, crane, lane, plane, sane, vane, wane [40] –ang bang, clang, fang, gang, hang, pang, slang, tang [41] –ange change, grange, range, strange [42] –ank, bank, blank, clank, crank, flank, frank, hank, lank, plank, prank, rank, shank, spank, swank, tank, thank, yank [43] –ant ant, cant, chant, grant, pant, plant, scant, slant, want [44] –ap cap, chap, clap, crap, flap, frap, gap, lap, map, nap, pap, rap, sap, scrap, slap, snap, swap, tap, wrap, yap [45] –ape ape, cape, drape, gape, grape, nape, rape, scrape, shape, tape [46] –arch arch, larch, march, parch, starch [47] –ar bar, car, char, czar, far, mar, par, scar, spar, tar, war, [48] –are are, bare, blare, cre, dare, fare, flare, glare, hare, pare, scare, share, snare, spare, square, stare, tare, ware [49] –arb barb, garb [50] –ard bard, card, hard, lard, ward, yard [51] –ark arc, ark, bark, dark, hark, lark, mark, nark, park, shark, spark, stark [52] –arl gnarl, snarl [53] –arm arm, charm, farm, harm, swarm, warm [54] –arn barn, darn, tarn, warn, yarn [55] –arp carp, harp, scarp, sharp, warp [56] –arsh harsh, marsh [57] –art art, cart, dart, mart, part, quart, smart, start, tart, swart [58] –ase base, case, chase, phase, phrase, vase [59] –ash ash, bash, brash, cash, clash, crash, dash, flash, gash, gnash, hash, lash, mash, quash, rash, sash, slash, smash, splash, squash, stash, thrash, trash, wash [60] –ask ask, bask, cask, flask, mask, task [61] –asp clasp, gasp, grasp, rasp, wasp [62] –ass ass, bass, brass, class, crass, glass, grass, lass, mass, pass [63] –ast blast, cast, fast, last, mast, past [64] –aste baste, caste, chaste, haste, taste, waste [65] –at at, bat, brat, cat, chat, drat, fat, flat, gant, hat, mat, pat, rat, squat, swat, that, what [66] –atch batch, catch, hatch, latch, match, patch, scratch, snatch, swatch, thatch, watch [67] –ate bate, crate, date, fate, gate, grate, hate, late, mate, pate, plate, prate, rate, sate, skate, slate, spate, state [68] –aul haul, maul [69] –ault fault, vault [70] –aunch paunch, staunch [71] –aunt aunt, daunt, flaunt, gaunt, haunt, jaunt, taunt, vaunt [72] –ave brave, cave, crave, have, knave, lave, nave, pave, rave, shave, slave, stave, suave, wave [73] –aw caw, claw, draw, flaw, gnaw, haw, jaw, paw, raw, saw, straw, thaw, yaw [74] –awk gawk, hawk, squawk [75] –awl awl, bawl, brawl, crawl, drawl, scrawl, shawl, sprawl, trawl [76] –awn brawn, dawn, drawn, fawn, lawn, pawn, prawn, spawn, yawn [77] –ax flax, lax, tax, wax [78] –ay bray, clay, day, flay, fray, gay, hay, lay, may, pay, play, pray, quay, ray, say, slay, splay, spray, stay, stray, sway [79] –aze blaze, craze, daze, faze, gaze, glaze, graze, haze, laze, maze, raze E [1]-e be, he, me, she, we [2] –ea flea, lea, pea, plea, sea, tea, yea [3] -each beach, bleach, breach, each, leach, peach, preach, reach, teach [4] –ead bead, dead, dread, head, knead, lead, mead, plead, read, spread, stead, thread, tread [5] –eaf deaf, leaf [6] –eak beak, bleak, creak, freak, leak, peak, sneak, speak, squeak, steak, streak, weak, wreak [7] –eal deal, heal, peal, real, seal, squeal, steal, veal, weal, zeal [8] –eam beam, cream, dream, gleam, ream, scream, seam, steam, stream, team [9] –ean bean, clean, dean, glean, jean, lean, mean, wean [10] –eap cheap, heap, leap, reap [11] –ear bear, dear, ear, fear, gear, hear, near, pear, rear, sear, shear, smear, spear, swear, tear, wear, year [12] –ease cease, crease, ease, grease, lease, please, tease [13] –east beast, breast, feast, least, yeast [14] –eat beat, bleat, cheat, eat, feat, great, heat, meat, peat, seat, sweat, teat, threat, treat, wheat [15] –eath heath, sheath, wreath [16] -eave cleave, eave, heave, leave, weave [17] –eck beck, check, deck, fleck, heck, neck, peck, speck, wreck [18] –ed bed, red, shed, shred, wed [19] –edge dredge, edge, hedge, pledge, sledge [20] –ee bee, fee, flee, free, glee, knee, lee, pee, see, spree, tee, thee, tree, twee, wee [21] –eech beech, breech, leech, screech [22] –eed bleed, creed, deed, feed, greed, heed, need, reed, screed, seed, speed, steed, tweed, weed [23] –eef beef, reef [24] –eek cheek, creek, Greek, leek, meek, peek, reek, seek, week [25] –eel eel, feel, heel, keel, peel, reel, steel, wheel [26] –eem deem, seem, teem [27] –een green, keen, preen, queen, screen, sheen, spleen [28] –eep beep, cheep, creep, deep, jeep, keep, peep, seep, sheep, sleep, steep, sweep, weep [29] –eer beer, cheer, deer, jeer, peer, queer, seer, sheer, sneer, steer, veer [30] –eet beet, fete, fleet, greet, mete, meet, sheet, sleet, street, sweet, tweet [31] –eeze breeze, cheese, freeze, sneeze, squeeze, wheeze [32] –eft cleft, deft, left, theft, weft [33] –eg beg, egg, keg, leg, peg [34] –elch belch, squelch [35] –eld geld, meld, weld [36] –ell bell, dell, ell, fell, hell, jell, knell, quell, sell, shell, smell, spell, swell, tell, well, yell [37] –elp whelp, yelp [38] –elt belt, felt, melt [39] –elve delve, helve, shelve [40] –em gem, hem, stem, them [41] –empy kempt, tempt [42] –en den, glen, ken, pen, ten, then, when, yen [43] –ench bench, blench, clench, drench, French, quench, stench, trench, wench, wrench [44] –end bend, blend, end, fiend, lend, mend, rend, send, spend, tend, trend, wend [45] –ent bent, dent, Lent, scent, spent, vent [46] –ere here, mere, sphere, there, where [47] –ern fern, stern [48] –erve nerve, serve, swerve, verve [49] –ess bless, chess, dress, less, mess, press, stress [50] –est best, chest, crest, jest, lest, nest, pest, quest, rest, test, west, wrest, zest [51] –et bet, fret, get, jet, let, net, pet, set, wet, whet, yet [52] –etch etch, wretch [53] -ew brew, chew, crew, dew, few, hew, Jew, mew, pew, queue, screw, sew, shrew, skew, slew, spew, stew, strew, thew, view, yew [54] –ex flex, vex [55] –ey grey, hey, key I [1] –ib bib, crib, fib, glib, jib, nib, rib [2] –ibe bribe, gibe, jibe, scribe [3] –ice ice, mice, nice, price, slice, spice, splice, thrice, trice, twice, rice, vice [4] –ick brick, chick, click, flick, kick, lick, nick, pick, prick, sick, wick [5] –id bod, grid, kid, lid, rid, skid [6] –ide bide, bride, chide, glide, guide, hide, pride, side, slide, snide, stride, tide, wide [7] –ie die, hie, lie, pie, tie, vie [8] -ief brief, chief, grief, thief [9] -ield field, shield, wield, yield [10] –ien lien, mien [11] –ife knife, life, strife, wife [12] –iff biff, cliff, miff, skiff, sniff, stiff, tiff, whiff [13] -ift drift, gift, lift, rift, shift, shrift, sift, swift, thrift [14] –ig big, brig, dig, fig, gig, grig, jig, pig, prig, rig, sprig, swig, twig, wig [15] –ight blight, bright, flight, fright, knight, light, might, night, plight, right, sight, slight, tight [16] –ike bike, dike, hike, like, mike, strike, trike, tyke [17] –ilch filch, zilch [18] –ild child, gild, mild, wild [19] –ile bile, file, guile, mile, pile, rile, smile, stile, tile, while, vile [20] –ill bill, chill, drill, fill, frill, gill, grill, grille, hill, ill, kill, mill, pill, quill, rill, shrill, sill, spill, still, swill, thrill, till, twill, will [21] -ilt gilt, guilt, jilt, lilt, stilt, tilt, wilt [22] –im brim, dim, grim, him, prim, slim, swim, trim, whim, vim [23] –ime chime, crime, dime, grime, mime, prime, time [24] –imp crimp, gimp, limp, pimp, primp [25] –in bin, chin, din, fin, gin, grin, in, kin, pin, shin, sin, skin, spin, tin, thin, twin, win [26] –ince mince, prince, wince [27] -inch cinch, clinch, finch, flinch, inch, lynch, pinch, winch [28] –ind bind, find, mind, rind [29] –ine brine, chine, dine, fine, line, mine, nine, pine, shine, shrine, spine, swine, twine, whine, wine [30] –ing bring, cling, fling, king, ring, sing, sling, spring, sting, string, swing, wing, wring [31] -inge cringe, fringe, hinge, springe, tinge, twinge [32] –ink blink, brink, chink, clink, drink, fink, ink, jink, kink, link, pink, prink, rink, shrink, sink, slink, stink, think, wink [33] –int dint, flint, glint, hint, lint, mint, pint, print, skint, sprint, squint, stint, tint [34] -inx jinx, sphinx [35] –ip chip, clip, dip, drip, flip, grip, hip, lip, nip, pip, rip, ship, sip, skip, snip, strip, tip, whip, zip [36] –ipe gripe, pipe, ripe, snipe, stripe, swipe, wipe [37] –irch birch, smirch [38] -ird bird, gird, third [39] –ire dire, fire, hire, mire, shire, spire, squire, tire, wire [40] -irk irk, dirk, smirk, shirk [41] -irl girl, swirl, twirl, whirl [42] -irm firm, squirm [43] -irt dirt, flirt, shirt, skirt [44] -irth birth, girth, mirth [45] –ise guise, kise, rise, vise, wise [46] -ish dish, fish, wish [47] -isk brisk, frisk, risk, whisk [48] -isp crisp, wisp [49] -iss bliss, kiss, miss, piss [50] -ist fist, gist, list, mist, twist, wrist [51] –it bit, chit, fit, flit, grit, hit, it, kit, knit, pit, sit, skit, slit, spit, split, whit, writ [52] -itch bitch, ditch, hitch, itch, pitch, snitch, stitch, witch [53] –ite bite, cite, kite, mite, rite, site, smite, spite, trite, white, write [54] -ithe blithe, lithe, scythe, writhe [55] –ive dive, five, give, hive, jive, live, skive, strive, thrive [56] -ize size prize Y [1] –y(e) by, dye, fly, guy, my, ply, pry, rye, shy, sly, sty, try, why [2] –ymph lymph, nymph [3] –yre byre, gyre, lyre, pyre, tyre O [1] –oach broach, coach, proach [2] -oar boar, oar, roar, soar [3] –oax coax, hoax [4] –ob bob, cob, mob, throb [5] –obe lobe, probe, robe [6] –ock block, chock, clock, dock, flock, frock, jock, lock, mock, nock, pock, rock, sock, shock, smock [7] –od cod, plod, pod, sod [8] –ode bode, code, lode, mode, node, ode [9] –oe doe, foe, hoe, roe, woe [10] –oad broad, goad, load, road, toad [11] -oam foam, loam, roam [12] –oan groan, moan, roan [13] –oat boat, bloat, coat, float, goat, gloat, moat, throat [14] –off doff, off, sof [15] –og bog, cog, clog, dog, fog, frog, hog, jog, log, slog, smog, tog, rogue, vogue [16] –oil boil, broil, coil, foil, roil, soil, spoil, toil [17] –oin coin, groin, join, loin [18] –oke coke, joke, poke, spoke, stroke, yoke [19] –old fold, hold, mold, old, wold [20] –oll doll, droll, loll, poll, roll, scroll, stroll, toll, troll [21] –olt bolt, colt, jolt, molt [22] –ome dome, gnome, home, Rome [23] –omp pomp, romp [24] –one cone, clone, crone, drone, hone, prone, tone, throne, zone [25] –ong gong, throng, strong, thong, tong, wrong, song, dong [26] –onk honk, monk [27] –oan groan, moan [28] –oak cloak, croak, soak [29] –oast boast, coast, roast, toast [30] –ooch brooch, hooch, mooch [31] –oof hoof, roof, proof, spoof [32] –ook book, brook, cook, crook, hook, kook, look, nook, rook, spook [33] –ool cool, drool, fool, school, spool, stool, tool [34] –oom boom, bloom, broom, doom, gloom, groom, loom, room, zoom [35] –oon boon, croon, loon [36] –op chop, crop, flop, hop, lop, prop, slop, sop [37] –oop coop, droop, hoop, loop, sloop, snoop, stoop, swoop, troop, whoop [38] –oor boor, moor, spoor, floor [39] –oot boot, foot, hoot, loot, moot, soot [40] –ope cope, dope, grope, hope, lope, mope, nope, pope, rope, scope, slope, tope [41] –ord cord, chord, ford, horde, lord, word [42] –ore bore, chore, core, fore, gore, lore, more, pore, score, sore, spore, whore, yore [43] –ork cork, fork, pork, stork [44] –orm dorm, form, worm, norm [45] –orn born, corn, porn, scorn, thorn [46] –ort fort, mort, port, snort, sport, tort [47] –ose close, dose, hose, lose, nose, pose, prose, rose, those [48] –oss boss, cross, dross, fosse, gloss, gross, loss, moss, posse, toss [49] –ost ghost, host, lost, most, post [50] –ot blot, cot, clot, dot, hot, jot, lot, mot, not, pot, plot, rot, sot, slot, snot, spot, tot, trot [51] –otch blotch, botch, notch, scotch [52] –ote cote, dote, mote, note, quote, rote, vote [53] –oth both, broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, troth [54] –ounce bounce, flounce, pounce, trounce [55] –ouch couch, crouch, grouch, pouch, slouch, vouch [56] -ough bough, cough, dough, plough, rough, slough, tough, trough [57] –ound bound, found, ground, hound, mound, pound, round, sound, wound [58] –ount count, mount [59] –oup coup, stoup, troupe [60] –our dour, flour, four, our, scour, tour [61] –ouse blouse, browse, douse, dowse, grouse, house, louse, mouse, rouse, souse, spouse [62] –oust joust, oust [63] –out bout, clout, flout, out, pout, rout, scout, shout, spout, sprout, stout, tout [64] –ove clove, cove, dove, grove, hove, Jove, love, move, prove, rove, shove, stove [65] –ow bow, blow, brow, cow, crow, flow, glow, grow, how, low, mow, now, plow, prow, row, sow, scow, show, snow, stow, tow, throw, vow [66] –ower bower, cower, flower, lower, power, tower [67] –owl bowl, cowl, fowl, growl, howl, jowl, owl, prowl, scowl, yowl [68] –own clown, crown, down, drown, frown, gown, town [69] –oy boy, coy, cloy, joy, ploy, toy U [1] –ub cub, drub, hub, club, flub, nub, scrub, snub, stub, tub [2] –uck buck, chuck, cluck, duck, fuck, luck, muck, pluck, ruck, shuck, stuck, tuck, truck, yuck [3] –ud bud, cud, dud, mud, scud, thud [4] –ue blue, cue, clue, due, glue, hue, rue, slue, sue, true [5] –uff buff, bluff, cuff, duff, guff, gruff, huff, muff, puff, ruff, ruff, scuff, snuff, stuff [6] –ug bug, drug, hug, jug, lug, mug, shrug, slug, smug, snug, thug, tug [7] –ulch cultch, gulch, mulch [8] –ulk hulk, skulk [9] –ull bull, cull, dull, full, gull, lull, mull, null, pull, scull, skull [10] –ulp gulp, pulp [11] –um bum, chum, hum, glum, gum, mum, rum, scum, slum, sum [12] –umb crumb, dumb, numb, plumb [13] –ume brume, fume, plume [14] –ump bump, chump, clump, frump, hump, plump, slump, stump, thump [15] –un bun, dun, fun, gun, nun, pun, run, shun, stun, sun [16] –unch bunch, brunch, crunch, hunch, lunch, munch, punch, scrunch [17] –une dune, prune, June, rune, tune [18] –unk bunk, chunk, drunk, dunk, flunk, funk, hunk, junk, skunk, spunk, trunk [19] –unt blunt, brunt, cunt, grunt, hunt, punt, shunt, stunt [20] –ur blur, cur, fur, slur, spur [21] –url churl, curl, furl, hurl, knurl [22] –urn burn, churn, spurn, turn [23] –urp slurp [24] –use fuse, muse, use, ruse [25] –ush blush, brush, bush, crush, flush, gush, hush, mush, plush, push, rush, slush [26] –usk husk, musk, tusk [27] –uss cuss, fuss, muss, truss [28] –ust bust, gust, lust [29] –ut but, cut, glut, gut, hut, nut, put, shut, slut, smut, strut [30] –utch clutch, hutch, smutch [31] –ute chute, cute, flute [32] –ux crux, flux “-le” 双音节及多音节词 dabble, rabble, squabble, pebble, dribble, nibble, quibble, scribble, gobble, hobble, wobble, rubble, foible, amble, ramble, scramble, nimble, crumble, fumble, jumble, mumble, rumble, stumble, tumble, garble, warble, bauble, debacle, treacle, chronicle, cubicle, cuticle, icicle, corpuscle, monocle, cradle, addle, straddle, twaddle, waddle, meddle, griddle, piddle, coddle, toddle, befuddle, cuddle, huddle, muddle, puddle, wheedle, bridle, sidle, dwindle, swindle, fondle, girdle, hurdle, baffle, waffle, muffle, ruffle, scuffle, shuffle, rifle, stifle, trifle, finagle, gaggle, haggle, straggle, giggle, wiggle, wriggle, boggle, smuggle, snuggle, inveigle, bangle, dangle, jangle, mangle, spangle, wrangle, shingle, mingle, bungle, jungle, ogle, burgle, gurgle, ramshackle, shackle, tackle, heckle, freckle, fickle, prickle, trickle, buckle, rankle, crinkle, wrinkle, maple, staple, steeple, trample, dimple, wimple, crumple, rumple, ripple, stipple, topple, supple, scruple, aisle, hassle, tussle, tousle, mantle, disgruntle, footle, chortle, hurtle, nestle, pestle, wrestle, gristle, bustle, prattle, tattle, mettle, nettle, whittle, throttle, scuttle, axle, foozle, razzle, fizzle, drizzle, embezzle, bamboozle, gargoyle, nozzle, guzzle, muzzle, nuzzle “-el” 双音节及多音节词 babel, libel, parcel, citadel, infidel, cudgel, satchel, brothel, spiel, yokel, trammel, pummel, panel, kennel, funnel, kernel, chapel, scalpel, gospel, apparel, scoundrel, doggerel, mongrel, squirrel, petrel, wastrel, minstrel, easel, chisel, damsel, tinsel, counsel, morsel, passel, tassel, cartel, pastel, chattel, duel, sequel, gavel, navel, gravel, ravel, drivel, shrivel, hovel, shovel, grovel, bowel, trowel, vowel “-er” 双音节及多音节词 saber, jabber, blabber, clobber, slobber, lubber, caliber, ember, limber, timber, somber, cumber, encumber, disencumber, lumber, plumber, slumber, sober, tuber, ulcer, fodder, rudder, cider, glider, embroider, spider, bewilder, smolder, solder, boulder, meander, gander, philander, colander, gerrymander, pander, squander, fender, gender, tender, blunder, plunder, founder, flounder, asunder, sunder, lavender, provender, cinder, hinder, tinder, yonder, launder, maunder, larder, girder, coffer, proffer, buffer, conifer, pilfer, meager, badger, ledger, lodger, stagger, swagger, snigger, trigger, harbinger, humdinger, ginger, malinger, linger, warmonger, auger, bleacher, sepulcher, cipher, usher, lather, slather, tether, bellwether, dither, slither, wither, panther, smother, pother, glacier, cashier, cavalier, chandelier, pier, courier, dossier, métier, beaker, bicker, dicker, flicker, snicker, cocker, pucker, moniker, canker, hanker, tinker, hunker, cobbler, tumbler, dawdler, trailer, stickler, tickler, sprinkler, sampler, antler, hustler, rustler, sizzler, gossamer, stammer, shimmer, glimmer, simmer, misnomer, dormer, schooner, garner, caper, taper, scamper, hamper, pamper, tamper, temper, whimper, simper, bumper, blooper, dapper, clapper, chipper, prosper, pauper, slaughter, loiter, falter, swelter, welter, kilter, banter, inter, splinter, disinter, saunter, counter, scepter, barter, charter, quarter, porter, plaster, master, lobster, pester, sequester, banister, sinister, cloister, huckster, bolster, spinster, foster, poster, roster, hipster, filibuster, blockbuster, baluster, cluster, fluster, lackluster, luster, muster, shyster, batter, chatter, shatter, clatter, flatter, spatter, tatter, fetter, litter, fritter, quitter, otter, gutter, clutter, flutter, splutter, putter, stutter, utter, neuter, beleaguer, exchequer, aver, cadaver, palaver, slaver, waver, sever, sliver, quiver, hover, maneuver, ewer “-id” 双音节词 arid, avid, fetid, flaccid, florid, frigid, gravid, insipid, limpid, livid, lucid, lurid, morbid, pallid, pavid, placid, rancid, sordid, squalid, stolid, tepid, torpid, torrid, tumid, turbid, turgid, vapid “-or” 双音节词 arbor, harbor, succor, rancor, matador, splendor, vendor, rigor, vigor, metaphor, armor, humor, manor, tenor, furor, censor, hector, sector, proctor, liquor, fervor, pallor, vapor, color, tumor, terror, horror “-ow” 双音节词 callow, fallow, sallow, swallow, hallow, wallow, bellow, mellow, billow, pillow, willow, minnow, winnow, barrow, farrow, marrow, burrow, furrow PAGE 1