Of Marriage and Single Life

Of Marriage and Single Life 文学作品是一种语言的精髓。随着 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 水平的提高和英语知识的普及，大学生们越来越迫切地需要在语言学习上有一个质的飞跃。文学作品的阅读和欣赏无疑是一个很好的途径。这不仅有助于提高英语水平，更可以借此登堂入室，进入丰富多彩的文学世界。由此拓展视野，丰富想像，体悟人性，品味人生，充分领略英语文学的魅力，把握文化的精髓和西方人文精神的脉动。所以，英美文学名著欣赏既是英语学习得到质的提高的途径，也是素质教育、培养人文精神的好课堂。 He that hath wife and children, hath given hostages to fortune1; for they are impediments2 to great enterprises, either of virtue, or mischief. Certainly, th e best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmar ried or childless men, which both in affection, and means, have married and endow ed the public. Yet it were great reason, that those that have children, should ha ve greatest care of future times, unto which, they know, they must transmit their dearest pledges3. Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences4. Nay5, t here are some other, that account wife and children but as bills of charges6. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous7 men, that take a pride in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps, they have heard some talk; Such an one is a great rich man; and another except to8 it; Yea, but he hath a great charge of children: as if it were an abatement9 to his riche s. But the most ordinary cause of a single life is liberty; especially in certain self-pleasing and humourous10 minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, a s they will go near to think their girdles and garters11 to be bonds and shackles 12. Unmarried men are best friends; best masters; best servants; but not always b est subjects13; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives14 are of that condition. A single life doth well with church men: for charity will hardly water the ground; where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent15 for judge s and magistrates: for if they be facile16 and corrupt, you shall have a servant five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives17 , put men in mind of their wives and children: and I think the desp ising of marriage18 amongst the Turks, maketh19 the vulgar soldier more base. Cer tainly, wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity: and single men th ough they be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust; ye t, on the other side, they are more cruel, and hard-hearted (good to make severe inquisitors20), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures , led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands; as was sai d of Ulysses21; vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati22. Chaste23 women are often proud and froward24, as presuming25 upon the merit of their chastity. It is one o f the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her h usband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young me n's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will. But yet, he was reputed one of the wise me n, that made answer to the question, when a man should marry? A young man not yet , an elder man not at all.26 It is often seen, that bad husbands have very good w ives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of27 their husbands' kindness, whe n it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fail s, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends' consent ; for then, they will be sure to make good their own folly. 1. hath given hostages to fortune: 向命运付出了抵押品。hath = has； hostage: 人质 ，抵押品。 2. impediment: 障碍。 3. pledge: 诺言，誓言。 4. impertinence: 不相干的,不合理的。 5. nay: 不仅如此。 6. bills of charges: 费用账单。 7. covetous: 贪婪的。 8. except to: 反对，有异议。 9. abatement: 减少，减弱。 10. humourous: <古>性情乖张的。 11. girdles and garters: 腰带和吊袜带。 12. bonds and shackles: 镣铐，束缚。 13. subject: 臣民，国民。 14. fugitives: 叛逃者。 15. indifferent: 关系不大。 16. facile: 容易被人左右的，没有原则性的。 17. hortatives: 激励，敦促。 18. the despising of marriage: 厌恶婚姻。 19. maketh = makes。 20. inquisitors: 宗教法庭审判官。 21. Ulysses: 尤利西斯(王佐良先生译作优利息斯)，荷马史诗中的英雄，远征特洛伊的希腊军团首领之一。他足智多谋，献木马计攻陷特洛伊。战争结束返乡途中，曾被困于海岛上，为仙女所爱，并许他长生不老。但他思念夫妻之情，拒绝了仙女，历尽千辛万苦终于回到了妻子身边。 22. vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati: （拉丁文）他宁要老伴，也不要长生不老。 23. chaste: 贞洁的。 24. froward: 任性的，骄横的。 25. presuming: 专横的。 26. A young man not yet, an elder man not at all: 年纪少时尚不应当，年老时已无必要 。 27. raiseth the price of: 使……变得珍贵（更值得珍视）。raiseth = raises。 谈结婚与独身 夫人之有妻儿也不啻已向命运典质，从此难成大事，无论善恶。兴大业，立大功，往往系未婚无儿者所为，彼辈似已与公众结亲，故爱情产业并以付之。按理而论，有子女者应对未来岁月最为关切，因已将至亲骨肉托付之矣。独身者往往思虑仅及己身，以为未来与己无关。有人则视妻儿为负债。更有贪而愚者，以无儿女为荣，以为如此更可夸其富足。此辈或曾闻人议论 ，一云此人为大富，另一则云否也，其人有多子负担，其财必损。然独身之原因，最常见者为喜自由，尤其自娱任性之人不耐任何束缚，身上褡带亦视为桎梏。未婚者为最好之友、最好之主、最好之仆，然非最好之臣，因其身轻易遁也，故亡命徒儿全未婚。未婚适合教会中人，因如先须注水于家池则无余泽以惠人矣。然对法官行政官等则无足轻重，彼辈如收礼贪财，劣仆之害五倍于妻。至于士兵，余尝见将军以渠等妻儿所望激励之，而土耳其人鄙视婚姻，故其士兵更为卑劣。妻儿对人确为一种锻炼。单身者本可心慈过人，因其资财少耗也，实则由于不常触其心肠，反而更为严酷（因而适为审判异端之官）。庄重之人守规不渝，为夫常能爱妻，是故人云优利息斯“爱老妻胜过不朽也”。贞节之妇自恃节操，不免骄纵。欲使妻子守贞从夫，夫须有智；如妻疑夫猜忌，则断难听命矣。妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也，故如决心结婚，须善择时。昔有智者答人问何时可婚，曾云：“青年未到时，老年不必矣。 ”常见恶夫有良妻，是否由于此辈丈夫偶尔和善，更见其可贵，抑或此类妻子以忍耐为美德欲？可确言者，如妻子不顾友朋劝告而自择恶夫，则必尽力弥补前夫。（译文选自《王佐良文集 》） 作品赏析 男大当婚，女大当嫁，这是一个有趣的话 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。培根从为公众服务及个人品质等多方面将结婚和单身生活进行了比较和 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ，分别列举了结婚与单身对人的不同影响。在培根看来，有妻儿之人可以说是对命运之神付出了抵押品，因为家庭难免拖累事业。所以，最能为公众献身的人应当是不被家室所累的人，因为他们能在感情和财产方面与公众联姻，馈赠公众。而单身者可以是最好的朋友、最好的主人、最好的仆从， 却总难成为最好的公民，因为他们随时可以逃避。总的来说，重视婚姻和家庭能够使人具有责任感，充满爱心。培根进而立论：好的风俗能教化出坚贞严肃的男子汉。“妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣，老年时的保姆”。总之，什么时候结婚都是好事。文章最后还专门对“坏 男配好妻”现象发 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 了高见。在培根的随笔中，这是难得的语言诙谐的一段。 作为一篇论说文，《论婚姻与单身》观点明确，条理清晰，旁征博引，论据确凿，时有精妙 之语。培根的修身处世箴言充分体现了他一贯的崇尚实用、讲究实际的思想。对于希冀寻找爱 情梦想的人，培根在此文中的思想也许显得过于实际，甚或有些庸俗了。 弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561－1626）是文艺复兴时期英国著名哲学家和散文家， 和莎士比亚是同一时代的人。培根生于伦敦贵族家庭，自幼天赋极高，12岁入剑桥大学三一学 院，23岁进入议会，同时开始撰文论述宗教和政治等问题。以后仕途得意，曾任大法官兼上院 议长等职，60岁时因受贿被捕入狱。罢官去职后，晚年专心致力于文学、哲学著述和科学研究 。培根提出“知识就是力量”的著名论断，是现代科学的奠基人。其主要著作有《学术的推进 》（Advancement of Learning, 1605）、《新工具》（New Instrument, 1620）和《新大西 岛》（New Atlantis, 1627）等。 培根对文学的主要贡献是他的《论说文集》或称《随笔》（Essays），共收入文章58篇。英 语论说文又称“随笔”，或“小品文”，都是散文（prose）体的一种。培根学识渊博，阅历 丰富，对社会人生观察细致，思考周密，其文涉及社会风尚、为人处世、治学方法等各个方面 ，无所不包；兼之文笔简洁，擅用类比，论述透彻，文中充满哲理之精辟处几乎俯拾皆是，许 多已成为家喻户晓的格言名句。 (本文选评者是中国人民大学文学博士、副教授)