动词及动词短语
1.struggle vt. & vi.斗争;拼搏;努力
4.expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展;阐述→expansion n.扩大;增加
5.circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传→circulation n.循环流通
8.equip vt. & vi.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数)
9.export vt. & vi.输出;出口→import vt. & vi.输入;入口;进口
12.confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑
13.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n.遗憾;懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的
16.reduce vt.减少;缩减;简化→reduction n.缩小;减少
1.struggle vt. 搏斗;斗争;努力;挣扎 n.斗争;挣扎
struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争
struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取……
struggle through 奋力通过
struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事
with a struggle 费劲地
[即学即练1](1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals.
为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。
(2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties.
他们得和各样的困难作斗争。
(3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。
Struggle for against//struggle with / against//struggled to get away from
(4)______ ______ ______ __________, the old woman gained control of her business.
经过长期努力,这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。
After a long struggle
2.expand vt.&vi. 使变大;伸展;阐述
expansion n. 扩张;膨胀;扩大;发展
expansive adj. 扩张性的;开展性的;广阔的
expand into/to 使扩大,变大
expand on/upon 阐述,详谈
[即学即练2](1)Metals ________ when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
(2)We've __________ ______ __________ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _________.
我把问
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重复了一遍,等着她进行充分阐述。
Expand//expanded the business//expand
3. therefore adv.(=as a result of that)因此;所以
[即学即练3]He was very tired and __________ he fell sound asleep.
=He was very tired. __________ he fell sound asleep.
=He was very tired, ______ he fell sound asleep.
他累得很,因此睡得很熟。
Therefore//Therefore//so
提示:therefore 是副词,不能引导从句,两个句子之间要用连词或者分号;而 so是连词,可接从句。
4.equip vt.&vi. 配备;装备
equipment n. [U]装备;设备
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物
equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备
sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
be equipped with sth. 装备有某物
a piece of equipment 一件设备
[即学即练4](1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder.
我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。
(2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。
(3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
is equipped with//equip you for life//some new equipment
5.regret v.&n. 遗憾;后悔;惋惜
refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝
to one's regret 令人遗憾的是
feel regretful for....对……感到后悔
express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾
regret+n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事
regret+that-clause 后悔,遗憾……
regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……
It's much to be regretted that...
令人遗憾的是……
[即学即练5](1)He regretted _________ ______ careless.
=He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless.
他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
(2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你,我们不能雇用你。
(3)______ ______ ______ ______, I must leave now.
令我很遗憾的是,我现在必须离开了。
(4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行,我们觉得很可惜。
Having been//that he had been//to inform//Much to my regret//withregret
7.reduce vt. 减少;缩减;简化
reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支
be reduced to despair 陷入绝望
reduce to... 降至……
reduce by... 减少了……
[即学即练7](1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000.
他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。
(2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third.
生产成本下降了1/3。
(3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees.
大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。
Reduce to//been reduced by//reduced to
8.comment vt.评论 n.评论,意见,议论
ask for comment 征求意见
make comments on sth.评论某事
No comment. 无可奉告。
Without comment. 不必多说。
comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论,对……发表意见
comment(v.)that-clause评论……
[即学即练8](1)Have you any ___________ ______ the proposals?你对这些建议有什么意见吗?
(2)It created ______ ___________ in the press.
这引起报界广泛的评论。
(3)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work.
他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。
(4)He ____________ that it was an excellent film.
他评论这部电影很精彩。
Comments on//wide comment//comments//on commented
10.rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱……
be/get rid of 去掉,摆脱;抛弃
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
be free of... 摆脱……
[即学即练10](1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease.
总有一天我们有
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使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。
(2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old-fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。
(3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him.
我们必须摆脱他。
(4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen?
我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉?
Rid the world of//rid yourself of//get rid of//get rid of
12.lead to 通向,导致,致使
lead+n.+to sth. 引导……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
[即学即练12](1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men.
银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。
(2)What _____________________ acting as a career?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的?
leading to//led you to take up
提示:(1)lead to中的 to为介词,后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有:devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望,等等。
(2)lead to 不用被动语态。
(3)lead to 是前因后果,而 lie in (=result from) 是前果后因。
13.keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
使……不含(有害物)
free from 没有……,免于……,无……之忧
free of 无……的;免于……的,离开了……的
free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由;解放;释放
for free=free of charge 免费地,无偿地
be free to do sth. 自由地做某事
be free with sb. 对某人放肆
free as the air 自由自在
set sb. free 释放某人
[即学即练13](1)______ the table ____________ dirt by putting a cover over it.
用个东西把桌子罩住,免得灰尘落在上面。
(2)The lake ______________ pollution.
这湖没有污染。
(3)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘
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。
(4)Try to __________________ all prejudices.
尽量消除一切偏见。
Keep free from//is free of//was free from//free yourself from
1.expand/extend/spread/stretch
(1)expand“展开,扩大”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。
(2)extend “伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。
(3)spread“伸开,传播”,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息)等。
(4)stretch“伸展,拉长”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。
[应用1] (1)The cat _________ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。
(2)The hot weather __________ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。
(3)As children grow older they _________ their interests and become more confident.
随着年龄的增长,孩子们的兴趣会变广泛,人也会变得更自信。
Stretched//extended//expand
(4)The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings.
火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。
spread
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3.perform v.执行;表演→performer n.表演者;演出者→performance n.执行;演出
4.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
7.entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐;款待→entertaining adj.愉快的,有趣的→entertainment n.娱乐
9.overcome vt. & vi.战胜;克服
10.convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的
11.direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演;指示;指挥;直的;直接的;直率的→direction n.指导→director n.导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地,径直地;一……就……
16.slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动;(使)滑行 n.滑;滑动;幻灯片
18.react vi.作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应;回应
2.astonish vt. 使吃惊;使惊讶
astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的
astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶
to one‘s astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊
be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊
[即学即练2](1)We __________________ the news of her sudden death.
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。
(2)It ____________ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信,这使我们十分惊讶。
(3)It was an ____________ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。
were astonished at//astonished//astonishing
3.entertain vt.&vi. 使快乐,款待
entertaining adj. 引人发笑的,有趣的,娱乐的
entertainment n. 招待,款待,娱乐
entertain sb. with sth. 用……使某人快乐
entertain sb. to sth. 用……招待/款待某人
give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人
[即学即练3](1)He often __________ the children ______ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。
(2)I usually _________ my friends ______ dinner on Sundays.
我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。
(3)It’s not a very serious film, but a good _______________.
这不是一部严肃的电影,而是一部很好的娱乐片。
Entertains with//entertain to//entertainment
4.overcome v. 战胜;克服;征服
be overcome by sth.……使某人垮掉,……使某人昏迷
be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief
因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持
[即学即练4](1)In the final game Sweden easily ____________ France.在决赛中,瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
(2)Her parents __________________ grief at the funeral.
在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
(3)The dead woman had __________________ smoke.
这个女人是被烟呛死的。
Overcame//were overcome with//been overcome by
5.convince vt.使确信,使信服,使认识
convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
convinced adj.确信的;深信的;坚信的
convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事
convince sb. that... 使某人信服(相信)
be convinced of... 确信……
be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信;笃信;坚信……
[即学即练5]
(1)We finally ____________ them ______ our adventure.
=We finally ___________ them ____________ our adventure.
我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。
(2)Her smile ___________ him ______ she was happy.
她的微笑使他确信她快乐。
(3)They __________________ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。
(4)I __________________ his guilt.________he is guilty.
我确信他有罪。
Convinced of//convinced to believe//convinced that//were convinced of//am convinced ofthat
(5)There is now ____________ evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。
convincing
6.direct vt.&vi. 导演;指挥;指示 adj. 径直的;直接的;直率的 adv. 直接地
direct sth. to/towards sth./sb.
direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把……对准
(某方向或某人)
direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路,为某人领路
direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事
that 从句(用虚拟语气)
the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车
be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系
go direct to sp. 直接去某地
[即学即练6](1)She prefers to ______ rather than ______.
她宁愿当演员,不愿当导演。
(2)The police officers had __________________ search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。
(3)The judge _________ that the mother be given custody of the child. 法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。
Act direct//been directed to//directed
8.whisper v.&n.低语,耳语,私语;私下说,低声地说
in a whisper (=in whispers) 低声地
whisper about sth. 密谈某事
It is whispered that... 有人私下说……
whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语
[即学即练8](1)They debated it ____________.
他们低声辩论。
(2)The two girls were ______________ in the library.
这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。
(3)After a few minutes, he ___________ the answer ______ the creature’s ear.
过了几分钟,他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。
(4)__________________ that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。
in whispers//whispering//whispered in//It was whispered
提示:whisper 后接双宾语时,间接宾语无论在前还是在后,其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb.= whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有:
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布……
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……
introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍……
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议
report sth. to sb. 向某人
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9.react vi.&vt. 反应,反抗;起化学反应,起作用
react to sth. 对……作出反应
react on (upon)
对……起作用,对……有影响,对……起反应
react against 反抗,反对
[即学即练9](1)How did he ____________ the news?
他对这消息有何反应?
(2)Will the people ever ____________ this dictator?
有朝一日人民会起来反抗这位独裁者吗?
(3)Applause _______________ a speaker.
鼓掌对讲演者有影响。
react to//react against//reacts on/upon
11.pick out 选出;选拔;分辨出;领会
pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的
工作)的对象
pick up 拾起,捡起;收拾,整理;得到;学会;
用车接某人;收听到;身体好转
pick off 摘下,摘掉;逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中
[即学即练11](1)Let me ____________ some good ones for you.让我来替你挑几个好的。
(2)It's easy to __________________ in a crowd because he is very tall.
很容易从人群中辨认出他,因为他个子很高。
(3)The bus ____________ passengers outside the airport.
公共汽车在机场外接乘客。
pick out//pick him out//picks up
12.cut off 切掉,割掉,分离,隔离(常跟 from),中断
cut across 抄近路穿过;对直穿过
cut away 切掉,剪掉;逃走,跑开
cut down 砍倒;(疾病等)夺去生命;削减,缩短;
毁灭,破坏
cut in 插嘴;突然插入
cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎
cut out 切掉;删掉
cut up 切碎,切掉;使丧气,使痛心
[即学即练12](1)I had my hair ____________ and sold it.
我把头发剪掉卖了。
(2)Just when she had reached the most important point we ______________.
她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方,我们的电话就被切断了。
(3)We were completely ______________ the outside world.我们和外界完全隔绝了。
cut off//were cut off//cut off from